Academic literature on the topic 'WL 356'

The egg-laying rate is an important indicator for evaluating fertility of poultry. In order to better understand the laying mechanism of Muscovy ducks, gene expression profiles and pathways of ovarian tissues in high- and low-laying black (BH and BL) and white Muscovy ducks (WH and WL) during the peak production period were performed by using RNA-seq. The total number of reads produced for each ovarian sample ranged from 44,344,070 to 47,963,328. A total of 113, 619 and 87 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in BH-vs-WH, BL-vs-BH and BL-vs-WL, respectively. Among them, 54, 356 and 49 genes were up regulated and 59, 263 and 38 genes were down regulated. In addition, there were only 10 up-regulated genes in WL-vs-WH. In the comparison of DEGs in black and white Muscovy ducks, two co-expressed DEG genes were detected between BH-vs-WH and BL-vs-WL and seven DEGs were co-expressed between BL-vs-BH and WL-vs-WH. The RNA-Seq data were confirmed to be reliable by qPCR. Numerous DEGs known to be involved in ovarian development were identified, including TGFβ2, NGFR, CEBPD, CPEB2, POSTN, SMOC1, FGF18, EFNA5 and SDC4. Gene Ontology (GO) annotations indicated that DEGs related to ovarian development were mainly enriched in biological processes of “circadian sleep/wake cycle process,” “negative regulation of transforming growth factor-β secretion,” “positive regulation of calcium ion transport” in BH-vs-WH and “cell surface receptor signaling pathway,” “Notch signaling pathway” and “calcium ion transport” in BL-vs-BH. Besides, “steroid biosynthetic process,” “granulosa cell development” and “egg coat formation” were mainly enriched in BL-vs-WL and “reproduction,” “MAPK cascade” and “mitotic cell cycle” were mainly enriched in WL-vs-WH. KEGG pathway analysis showed that the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and ovarian steroidogenesis were the most enriched in Muscovy duck ovary transcriptome data. This work highlights potential genes and pathways that may affect ovarian development in Muscovy duck.

This study examines the effects of weight loss by caloric restriction (WL) and aerobic exercise plus weight loss (AEx+WL) on total and regional bone mineral density (BMD) in older women. Healthy, postmenopausal women [age 63 ± 1 (SE) yr] not on hormone-replacement therapy underwent 6 mo of WL ( n = 15) consisting of dietary counseling one time per week with a caloric deficit (250–350 kcal/day) or AEx+WL ( n = 15) consisting of treadmill exercise three times per week in addition to the weight loss. Maximal aerobic capacity increased only in the AEx+WL group ( P < 0.001). Body weight, percent fat, and fat mass decreased similarly in both groups ( P < 0.005), with no changes in fat-free mass. Total body BMD (by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) decreased in both groups ( P < 0.05). Femoral neck, Ward’s triangle, and greater trochanter BMD decreased in the WL group ( P ≤ 0.05) but were not significantly different after AEx+WL. L2–L4BMD did not significantly change in either group. Thus WL and AEx+WL both result in losses of total body BMD; however, AEx+WL appears to prevent the loss in regional BMD seen with WL alone in healthy, older women. This suggests that the addition of exercise to weight-loss programs may reduce the risk for bone loss.

Abstract It is perplexing that standard murine GVHD model endpoints of weight loss (WL) and composite clinical changes (CCC) often fail to respond to standard forms of therapy (tacrolimus and anti-p40 monoclonal antibody). To improve on the translatability of GVHD models we evaluated serial endoscopy as a means to directly assess injury and serial blood counts to predict onset of severe disease. Two models were used. CD3+ cells were magnetically depleted from bone marrow harvested from male Balb/c mice. Varying numbers of (depleted) bone marrow and splenocytes were then injected IV into lethally irradiated (8Gy) C57Bl/6 hosts. Serial endoscopy performed after GVHD onset (~2 weeks post transfer) demonstrated changes which strongly correlated with WL and CCC (R2=-0.84 and 0.79). Next we induced GVHD in a humanized model by the adoptive transfer of human PBMCs into severely immunocompromised mice (NSG). Serial blood draws demonstrated a strong correlation between peripheral blood human T cell (PBTC) numbers and WL and CCC (R2=-0.85 and 0.67 on day 42) suggesting that assessment of PBTC numbers may be applicable to the evaluation of therapies directly targeting these cell types. Day 7 human PBTC counts predicted final WL and CCC scores with high correlation (R2=-0.86 and 0.90) indicating that this metric can be used to stratify animals into groups prior to the onset of observable disease and treatment.

Weight loss (WL) by hypocaloric diet decreases adipocyte lipolysis and fat oxidation, adaptations that might predispose individuals to regain weight. Our hypothesis was that the addition of endurance exercise (EX) to dietary-induced WL (6 mo; 250-350 kcal/day deficit) would prevent declines in abdominal (ABD) and gluteal (GLT) adipocyte lipolysis and fat oxidation in obese older women. At baseline, the WL (n = 9) and WL+EX (n = 11) groups had similar body composition, fat distribution, aerobic fitness (VO2max), and resting fat metabolism. Reductions in body weight (WL = 11%, WL+EX = 8%), percent body fat, and intra-abdominal fat area with the interventions were similar in both groups, but VO2max increased (9%, P < 0.01) only in the WL+EX group. Basal and adrenergic receptor- and postreceptor-stimulated lipolysis in ABD and GLT adipocytes decreased (20-70%, P < 0.05) in the WL group but did not change in the WL+EX group. Fat oxidation decreased (38%, P < 0.05) in the WL group but not in the WL+EX group. The changes in fat oxidation and GLT lipolysis differed significantly between groups. Fat oxidation correlated positively with ABD and GLT adipocyte basal lipolysis at baseline (r = 0.45 and r = 0.53, P < 0.05), and the changes in fat oxidation with the interventions correlated positively with changes in ABD and GLT adipocyte basal lipolysis (r = 0.50 and r = 0.42. P < 0.05) in the entire group of women. These results indicate that exercise counteracts the decline in fat oxidation with WL, in part by maintaining adipocyte lipolytic responsiveness in some weight-reduced postmenopausal women.

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Greater cognitive function (CF) is associated with adherence to prescription medications, better program adherence and weight loss (WL) following bariatric surgery. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between baseline CF, intervention dropout, adherence and 3-month WL. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: 107 (Mage = 40.9 yrs.), overweight/obese (BMI = 35.6 kg/m2) men (N = 17) and women (N = 90) completed a 3-mo. WL intervention. Participants were asked to attend weekly behavioral sessions, comply with a reduced calorie diet and complete 100 min of moderate intensity physical activity (PA)/wk. CF tasks including Flanker (attention), Stroop (Executive control) and working memory, body weight and cardiovascular fitness (covariate) were assessed at baseline and 3-mos. Session attendance, adherence to PA and diet prescriptions and number of off-diet episodes were recorded weekly. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Results indicated that attention was positively correlated with session attendance (p = 0.016), adherence to the diet (p < 0.01) and PA (p = 0.023). Executive control was positively correlated with WL (p = 0.042). Working memory (two tasks) was also positively correlated with WL (p = .017 and p = .025). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated that baseline attention (p = .012) was positively related to WL and negatively associated with drop out (p < .05). Hierarchical linear regression showed executive control (p = .036, R2 = .054) and working memory (p = .013, R2 = .073 and p = .017, R2 = .068) were associated with WL when controlling for fitness. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: These results suggest that stronger baseline attention is associated with completion of a 3-mo. WL intervention. Executive control and working memory are associated with amount of WL achieved. Additional, larger and longer trials to assess the role of baseline CF on WL and evaluating the impact of interventions designed to improve CF on WL are indicated.

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of soya replacement (50 or 100%) with whole (WL) or dehulled seeds (DL) of white lupine cv. Butan in the diets for market pigs. The experiment was performed on 50 pigs in equal numbers of barrows and gilts with the initial mean body weight (BW) of 18.3 ± 2.1 kg, fed isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets for 100 days. In the experimental starter pigs (18 to 35 kg BW), the mean daily body weight gain (BWG) was 0.61 to 0.64 kg and was insignificantly lower by 1.5 to 6.2% in comparison with the pigs fed the control soya diet (SBM). The diet intake was also lower by 5.4 to 6.8% and could result from a higher content of crude fibre. In the grower and finisher diets, no side effect of high lupine levels on the feed intake was evident. The intake of DL diets was higher in comparison with the soya diet. The feed efficiency of the finisher diets was insignificantly higher (<I>P</I> > 0.05) for experimental diets (WL 50, WL 100, DL 100) in contrast to the control diet. The differences among diets containing WL or DL seeds were insignificant. During the experiment, no adverse effect of lupine on the health of pigs was observed and no significant differences in the parameters of market pig meat, nutrition quality of meat and sensory analysis were detected. The inclusion of lupine in diets resulted in a significantly lower n-6/n-3 ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids (<I>P</I> < 0.01) in meat lipids (5.15 to 5.33) in comparison with soya (8.75). It follows from the obtained results that the tested lupine variety seeds are a source of high-quality protein that can be an alternative to soya in the diets for market pigs.

ImportanceWeight loss (WL) during the first month of a behavioral program is associated with longer-term WL. Testing of translatable and adaptive obesity programs is needed.ObjectiveTo compare brief, extended, and no telephone coaching for individuals with suboptimal response (ie, 1-month WL &amp;lt;4%) within an online WL program.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis randomized clinical trial with enrollment between March 2019 and April 2022 (data collection completed May 2023) was conducted at an academic research center in the US. Eligible participants included adults aged 18 to 70 years with daily access to internet and a body mass index between 25 and 45.InterventionsAll participants received an automated online WL program (4 months) and WL maintenance program (8 months), consisting of video lessons, self-monitoring, and personalized feedback. Participants were randomized, such that individuals with suboptimal response received either brief telephone coaching (3 calls during weeks 5-8), extended telephone coaching (12 calls during weeks 5-16), or no coaching (control). Coaching included education, problem solving, and goal setting, and promoted engagement with the online program.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcomes were percent weight change and proportion of participants achieving 5% or greater WL at 4 and 12 months. A priori hypotheses for WL were that WL for extended coaching would be greater than for brief coaching, and both extended and brief coaching would be greater than no coaching (control). A longitudinal mixed-effects model with participant-specific intercept was used to examine intervention effects on percent WL at 4 and 12 months. Secondary analyses focused on program engagement and cost/kilogram of WL.ResultsThe study included a total of 437 participants who reported WL at 1 month (mean [SD] age, 50.8 [11.4] years; mean [SD] BMI, 34.6 [5.0]; 305 female [69.8%] and 132 male [30.2%]) with 148 randomized to extended coaching, 143 assigned to brief coaching, and 146 assigned to the control group. Of all participants, 346 (79.2%) were considered to have a suboptimal response. WL at 4 months was significantly greater in the extended coaching group (mean [SD] WL, −7.0% [5.1%]) and brief coaching group (mean [SD] WL, −6.2% [4.7%]) vs the control group (mean [SD] WL, −4.5% [4.7%]) (P &amp;lt; .001). Similarly, the proportion of participants achieving 5% or greater WL at 4 months was greater in the extended coaching group (89 participants [65.9%]) and brief coaching group (77 participants [58.5%]) vs control group (46 participants [36.5%]) (P &amp;lt; .001). At 12 months, a similar pattern was observed for achievement of 5% WL or greater (extended coaching, 63 participants [48.1%]; brief coaching, 58 participants [45.9%]; control, 38 participants [32.8%]; P = .03). Percent WL at 12 months was significantly higher in extended coaching vs control (mean [SD] WL for extended coaching, −5.5% [6.7%]; mean [SD] WL for control, −3.9% [7.4%]; P = .03) but not for brief coaching (mean [SD] WL, −4.9% [6.1%]).Both the brief and extended coaching groups watched more lessons and self-monitored on more days compared with the control group. The cost per additional kilogram of WL, beyond that of the control group, was $50.09 for brief coaching and $92.65 for extended coaching.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this randomized clinical trial testing an adaptive intervention, the provision of coaching for individuals with suboptimal response improved WL and was cost-effective; further testing in clinical settings (eg, health care systems) is warranted.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03867981

Titanium alloys are widely used in various structural materials due to their lightweight properties. However, the low wear resistance causes significant economic losses every year. Therefore, it is necessary to implement wear-resistant protection on the surface of titanium alloys. In this study, four types of in situ composite ceramic coatings with two-layer gradient structures were prepared on a Ti-6Al-4V (TC4) substrate using laser cladding. In order to reduce the dilution rate, a transition layer (Ti-40SiC (vol.%)) was first prepared on TC4 alloy. Then, a high-volume-fraction in situ composite ceramic working layer (Ti-xFe-80SiC (vol.%)) with different contents of Fe-based alloy powder (x = 0, 5, 10 and 15 vol.%) was prepared. The working surface of Ti-40SiC (TL) exhibited a typical XRD pattern of Ti, TiC, Ti5Si3, and Ti3SiC2. In comparison, both Ti-80SiC (WL-F0) and Ti-5Fe-80SiC (WL-F5) exhibited similar phase compositions to the TL coating, with no new phase identified in the coatings. However, the TiFeSi2 and SiC phases were presented in Ti-10Fe-80SiC (WL-F10) and Ti-15Fe-80SiC (WL-F15). It is proven that the addition of the Fe element could regulate the in situ reaction in the original Ti-Si-C ternary system to form the new phases with high hardness and good wear resistance. The hardness of the WL-F15 (1842.9 HV1) is five times higher than that of the matrix (350 HV1). Due to the existence of self-lubricating phases such as Ti5Si3 and Ti3SiC2, a lubricating film was presented in the WL-F0 and WL-F5 coatings, which could block the further damage of the friction pair and enhance the wear resistance. Furthermore, a wear-transition phenomenon was observed in the WL-F10 and WL-F15 coatings, which was similar to the friction behavior of structural ceramics. Under the load of 10 N and 20 N, the wear volume of WL-F15 coating is 5.2% and 63.7% of that in the substrate, and the depth of friction of WL-15 coating is only 14.4% and 80% of that in the substrate. The transition of wear volume and depth can be attributed to the wear mechanism changing from oxidation wear to adhesive wear.

The responses of wheat to various rates of application of nitrogen fertiliser were compared following lupins (WL) or wheat (WW) in the previous year. Results covered 10 sites and trials were carried out between 1979 and 1984. giving 26 site-year comparisons. The trials were on sandy or duplex (sand over clay) soils. The overall yield of WL was greater than WW on 21 occasions (significant in 10 cases, P < 0.05), less than WW on 2 occasions (both significantly) and there was no difference on 3 occasions. When no nitrogen was applied the advantage of WL was 41% (WL 1.20 t/ha and WW 0.85 t/ha). The response to nitrogen differed between trials; over all trials a quadratic model best described the responses. There were significant interactions between rotation and nitrogen rate in 10 comparisons. In 4 of these cases, response to nitrogen with WW was greater than with WL and these response curves approached I another but did not meet, indicating that both residual nitrogen from the lupins and some other benefit from the lupins were involved. In 5 cases the greater response on WW resulted in convergence with the WL response curve, suggesting that residual nitrogen explained all of the benefit of lupins. In these cases the amount ofnitrogen fertiliser required to bring the yield of WW to that of the WL without nitrogen ranged from 20 to 47 kg N/ha, with a mean of 37 kg N/ha. Parallel response curves were observed In 12 cases, indicating involvement of factors other than residual nitrogen in the response to lupins, e.g. disease cleaning effects or slow release of nitrogen throughout the season. The type of response could not be related to particular site characteristics. When quadratic coefficients were averaged to give 'average response curves', similar rates of applied nitrogen were required for maximum yields in both WW and WL, and the maximum yields were 1.23 t/ha for WW and 1.41 t/ha for WL. The average advantage of WL over WW, in the absence of nitrogen fertiliser. was 350 kg/ha.

Abstract Intentional weight loss (WL) in older adults is controversial as it may accelerate age-related muscle and bone loss, even if weight is regained. Current WL guidelines recommend physical activity (PA) for the maintenance of WL. However, whether participants who maintain WL have higher PA following randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of WL and PA is unknown. We examined PA among older adults from five WL and PA RCTs. Participants were invited to return for a follow-up visit 5-15 yrs after RCT completion (mean, 9.1 yrs). Among the 632 participants alive at long-term follow-up, 326 completed a follow-up visit (mean±SD age and BMI at randomization, 67.5±4.2 yrs and 33.8±4.9 kg/m2; 70% women). Weight change from baseline to long-term follow-up was assessed and participants categorized as weight gainers (&gt;3%, 16%), weight maintainers (±3%, 32%), small weight losers (3-&lt;10%, 28%), and large weight losers (&gt;10%, 25%). Self-reported (CHAMPS) and objective (ActivPAL worn for 7 days) PA were assessed at long-term follow-up. Differences in PA by weight change groups were examined using mixed effects models adjusted for age, sex, race, WL assignment, time and study (as a random effect). There were no differences in self-reported PA by weight change group (all p’s&gt;0.0.08). Objectively-measured steps per day (p=0.06) and stepping time (p=0.04) were marginally significant between groups, with large weight losers having greater values compared to weight gainers (mean: 4915 vs. 3790 steps/day and 70.8 vs. 55.1 minutes/day, respectively; p&lt;0.05). Among those who returned at long-term follow-up, objectively measured PA was greater among large weight losers.

La prise en charge diagnostique et thérapeutique des accidents vasculaires cérébraux a radicalement changé ces dernières décennies. Des stratégies de traitement des infarctus cérébraux par recanalisation intraveineuse de l’artère ont été évaluées dans les années 1990. Lorsque l’occlusion artérielle touche un gros vaisseau, les techniques de neuro-interventions endovasculaires récentes ont montré une grande efficacité de la thrombectomie mécanique. Les interventions endovasculaires permettent également depuis de nombreuses années de participer à la prise en charge des AVC de type hémorragie sous-arachnoïdienne anévrismale. Historiquement exclusivement traités par neurochirurgie ouverte, les techniques endovasculaires utilisant les coils détachables se sont rapidement démocratisées dans cette indication, en parallèle d’un développement technique très important. De nombreux nouveaux dispositifs médicaux ont notamment été mis sur le marché pour combler les difficultés liées à certaines anatomies : ballons de remodelling, stents intracrânien. Plus récemment les stents à diversion de flux et les dispositifs intra-saculaires se sont positionnés comme des évolutions technologiques des procédures précédentes. Ces dispositifs sont aujourd’hui largement utilisés pour le traitement d’anévrismes rompus en urgence ou programmés suite à la découverte fortuite de lésions jugées à risque. L’impression 3D est une évolution technologique qui pourrait permettre de sécuriser certains traitements endovasculaires. Les modalités d’imageries déjà existantes permettent de réaliser des modèles 3D spécifiques au patient, permettant aux opérateurs de s’entraîner avec différents dispositifs afin de planifier au mieux la future procédure. Enfin il semble nécessaire d’évaluer les techniques de reperfusion cérébrale au sein des réseaux régionaux de télé-AVC et l’apport des nouvelles technologies de robotique dans ce domaine. L’assistance robotique leader-follower est un outil pouvant améliorer le confort de l’opérateur et son exposition aux rayonnements ionisants. Le contrôle robotique des cathéters pourrait améliorer la précision des procédures et à termes à la sécurité des patients. Enfin le système pourrait permettre un fonctionnement distant ouvrant la voie à des télé-procédures contrôlées à distance par l’opérateur expert, assisté de techniciens spécialisés sur site. L’implémentation de cette technologie, en particulier concernant l’ischémie aiguë, pourrait drastiquement diminuer les délais de recanalisation et ainsi améliorer le pronostic fonctionnel des patients. Nous proposons ici d’aborder la problématique d’évaluation de ces dispositifs en nous concentrant sur 3 développements technologiques récents : les dispositifs intracrâniens de traitement des anévrismes innovants (stents flow diverters et intrasaculaires), l’impression 3D pré-opératoire et la robotique endovasculaire
The diagnostic and therapeutic management of stroke has changed radically in recent decades. Strategies for treating cerebral infarctions by intravenous recanalization of the artery were evaluated in the 1990s. In case of large vessel occlusion, recent neurointerventional techniques demonstrated great efficacy with mechanical thrombectomy. For many years, endovascular interventions have also made it possible to participate in the management of strokes such as aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Historically treated exclusively by open neurosurgery, endovascular techniques using detachable coils have quickly exanded in this indication, in parallel with significant technical development. Many new medical devices have entered the market in particular to overcome challenging anatomies: remodeling balloons, intracranial stents. More recently, flow diversion stents and intra-saccular devices have positioned themselves as technological developments of previous procedures. These devices are now widely used for the treatment of acute ruptured aneurysms or elective treatments following the incidental discovery of risky lesions. 3D printing is a technological development that could make certain endovascular treatments safer. Digital subtracted angiographies make it possible to create patient-specific 3D models, allowing operators to train with different devices in order to better plan the future procedure. Finally, it seems necessary to evaluate cerebral reperfusion techniques within regional telestroke networks and the contribution of new robotic technologies in this field. Leader-follower robotic assistance is a tool that can improve operator comfort and exposure to ionizing radiation. Moreover, robotic control of catheters could improve the precision of procedures and ultimately patient safety. Finally, the system could allow remote operations, paving the way for teleprocedures controlled remotely by the expert operator, assisted by specialized technicians on site. The implementation of this technology, particularly concerning acute ischemia, could drastically reduce recanalization times and thus improve the functional prognosis of patients. Here we propose to address the problem of evaluating these devices by focusing on three recent technological developments: innovative intracranial devices for treating aneurysms (flow diverters and intrasacular stents), preoperative 3D printing and endovascular robotics

To understand the vicious nature of extreme flood events for the most flood prone region of Ganga River Basin, this study uses 36 years (1980-2015) of flood records from Dartmouth Flood Observatory (DFO) and the Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters (CRED) Emergency Events Database (EM-DAT). Further, the Water Level (WL) data collected from Central Water Commission (CWC) for same period are utilized to compare with the data of DFO and EM-DAT to identify the major flood events recorded in the Middle Ganga Plain (MGP). The final dataset comprises of 15 attributes (parameters) and is prepared of identified 99 flood instances for statistical analysis. The descriptive statistical analysis is performed for the following parameters: severity class, flood duration in days, affected flood area, flood magnitude, total number of deaths, and total count of displaced people. The graphical representation of all selected parameters provides an insight of common flood events, which lie between ±95% confidence level and exclude the major events as outliers.

Abstract This paper aims to clarify the mechanism and feasibility of carbon dioxide (CO2) injection into carbonate gas reservoirs to enhance recovery and evaluate its potential. Based on this, a theoretical basis for large-scale field tests is provided, and parameter optimization for mine tests is supported. The synergistic application of CO2 capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technology and CO2-enhanced gas recovery (CO2-EGR) technology is also explored. With ongoing global warming, the synergistic application of CCUS and CO2-EGR technologies can contribute to global climate governance. Most gas reservoirs in the Sichuan Basin are in the late stages of development. PetroChina has selected the WL gas reservoir to conduct CO2 injection tests to enhance recovery. However, the mechanism and potential of CO2 gas injection into the carbonate gas reservoirs to enhance recovery remain unclear. Through extensive experimental and numerical simulation studies, this research aims to demonstrate the feasibility and clarify the influencing factors of CCUS-EGR, paving the way for practical applications in the field and contributing to the global effort to reduce CO2 emissions. First, we conducted experiments to observe the phase behavior of CO2 displacing methane (CH4) under different temperature and pressure conditions. The experiments were performed under high-temperature- and high-pressure-resistant containers, which could be observed from outside, using high-definition cameras to capture the entire process of gas phase changes. Subsequently, long-core displacement experiments were carried out in a simulated reservoir environment. These experiments involved the displacement of CH4 by CO2 through various injection methods and under different production conditions. The objective was to elucidate the potential and influencing factors of CO2 injection for enhancing recovery under laboratory conditions. Finally, based on the experimental results, comprehensive numerical simulation studies were performed with different injection and production parameters on the mechanisms of CO2 injection to improve recovery and storage in the subject WL gas reservoir. The most reasonable injection and production plans were chosen, and the potential for CO2 injection to enhance recovery and storage in the field-scale WL gas reservoir was clarified. Phase behavior experiments indicate that when CO2 reaches a supercritical state, the CO2-CH4 mixed system presents a vertical distribution of pure CO2, a transition zone, and CH4. However, as the temperature increases, the transition zone continues to expand. The long-core experiment results show that low injection pressure is favorable for natural gas development but increases the length of the transition zone between CO2 and CH4. A higher reservoir pressure during CO2 displacement results in a lower flow ratio that is closer to piston displacement, achieving a higher recovery rate. High injection rates can lead to the rapid accumulation of inlet pressure, thus achieving high-pressure injection effects. Numerical simulation studies can help choose the best CO2 injection and production plan for the WL gas reservoir, which could cumulatively recover about 500 million cubic meters (m3) of natural gas, accounting for approximately 9% of dynamic reserves and about 8% of geological reserves, while storing about 3.6 million tons of CO2.