To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: With particular Joseph Fowles.
Books on the topic 'With particular Joseph Fowles'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 32 books for your research on the topic 'With particular Joseph Fowles.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse books on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Baird, Joseph Armstrong. A history of Octagon House: Compiled by Joseph A. Baird, Jr., from carefully documented sources, with the particular assistance of Colonel Harold H. Ashley, his wife Anne Ashley, and the Misses Gladys and Mabel Reston. San Francisco: National Society of Colonial Dames of America Resident in the State of California, 1999.
Find full text
2
Shrock, Dennis. Joseph Haydn – The Creation. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190469023.003.0005.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter discusses Haydn’s employment history with the Esterházy family and its important role in his musical development and in the establishment of his fame, his introduction to Handel oratorios during travels to London, his relationships with Johann Peter Salomon and Gottfried van Swieten, factors regarding the history and development of the libretto of The Creation, and circumstances surrounding the composition and premiere of the oratorio. Musical topics focus on Haydn’s particular manner of text expression as well as organization of musical material in terms of structure. Performance practice topics include discussion of the oratorio’s editions, performance language in German or English, scoring, meter and tempo, metric accentuation, recitative, and ornamentation.
3
Bratman, Michael E. Intention, Practical Rationality, and Self-Governance. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190867850.003.0004.
Full textAbstract:
Planning agency involves characteristic norms of practical rationality—in particular, norms of consistency and of means-end coherence of intentions. This essay defends the idea that there is normally a normative reason of self-governance in favor of conformity to these norms in the particular case. I contrast this self-governance-based view of these norms of plan rationality with the myth theories of Joseph Raz and Niko Kolodny, and with the cognitivism of Kieran Setiya. I explain how this view responds to concerns (including an argument from Setiya that focuses on nonmodifiable intentions) about the inappropriate bootstrapping of normative reasons. And I explore relations between this view and related work of John Broome, and between this view and Harry Frankfurt’s work on volitional necessity.
4
Mayr, Erasmus. Instrumentalism and Human Rights. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198713258.003.0014.
Full textAbstract:
This comment examines the impact of Buchanan’s and Sreenivasan’s critique of the mirroring view on some established theories of human rights, in particular on ‘political’ accounts like Joseph Raz’s, which consider human rights to be a subclass of moral rights. It is argued that, on the one hand, such theories are not best understood as relying on the mirroring view, and, on the other hand, that they have resources to defend the mirroring view against Buchanan’s and Sreenivasan’s criticisms.
5
Scully, Jason. Conclusion. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198803584.003.0008.
Full textAbstract:
The conception and development of wonder and astonishment is one of Isaac’s most influential contributions to Syriac theology. The conclusion briefly points to areas where further study will reveal the depth of influence that Isaac’s use of the terms wonder and astonishment have had on later Syriac authors. In particular, the conclusion examines areas where Isaac’s conception of wonder and astonishment influenced two eighth-century East-Syriac authors who had recourse to his texts: John Dalyatha and Joseph Hazzaya. First, this chapter points out that John and Joseph follow Isaac in connecting wonder with the cessation of impulses. In addition, John Dalyatha manifests a linguistic dependence on Isaac with his use of the constellation of the terms astonishment, wonder, silence, and limit, while Joseph Hazzaya depends on Isaac in connecting wonder with both study and tears.
6
Thacker, Andrew. Modernism, Space and the City. Edinburgh University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9780748633470.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
This innovative book examines the development of modernism in four European cities: London, Paris, Berlin, and Vienna. Focusing upon how literary and cultural outsiders represented various spaces in these cities, it draws upon contemporary theories of affect, mood, and literary geography to offer an original account of the geographical emotions of modernism. It considers three broad features of urban modernism: the built environment of the particular cities, such as cafés or transport systems; the cultural institutions of publishing that underpinned the development of modernism in these locations; and the complex perceptions of writers and artists who were outsiders to the four cities. Particular attention is thus given to the transnational qualities of modernism by examining figures whose view of the cities considered is that of migrants, exiles, or strangers. The writers and artists discussed include Mulk Raj Anand, Gwendolyn Bennett, Bryher, Blaise Cendrars, Joseph Conrad, T. S. Eliot, Christopher Isherwood, Hope Mirlees, Noami Mitchison, Jean Rhys, Sam Selon, and Stephen Spender.
7
Stapley, Jonathan A. Conclusion. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190844431.003.0006.
Full textAbstract:
The “power of godliness” is a term derived from the King James Version of the Bible. Within Mormonism, it has evolved to indicate the power manifest in the authorized liturgy of the church. In order to situate Mormon liturgical history and this volume within a broader context, this conclusion reviews the main concepts presented in the book, and in particular the role of the cosmological priesthood. It then contrasts metaphors employed by David Holland and Joseph Cardinal Ratzinger describing their respective religions’ evolution in tradition.
8
Pereiro, James. The Oxford Movement’s Theory of Religious Knowledge. Edited by Stewart J. Brown, Peter Nockles, and James Pereiro. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199580187.013.13.
Full textAbstract:
At its foundation, the Oxford Movement was characterized by a theory of religious knowledge drawn from Joseph Butler’s Analogy of Religion and Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics, a theory which had particular influence on John Keble. Later, Keble’s original insights into religious knowledge were developed by Richard Hurrell Froude and John Henry Newman, and passed on to their students at Oriel and to others who came under their influence. This distinctive theory of knowledge, and especially of religious knowledge, was at the heart of the Movement’s varied intellectual contributions and inspired its activities. However, this theory of knowledge did not receive a full expression in any of their books, except perhaps in Newman’s University Sermons.
9
Moran, Richard. Illocution and Interlocution. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190873325.003.0005.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter discusses the idea of a “second-personal stance” as developed by Darwall and others, and notes some differences with the notion of “addressing” developed here, particularly with respect to the difference between theoretical and practical reasons. Austin’s distinction between the “illocutionary” and the “perlocutionary” is discussed in connection with Joseph Raz’s idea of the exercise of a normative power. The particular sense of “act” that applies to the perlocutionary status of utterances is illuminated by Jennifer Hornsby’s development of the idea of “reciprocity” as the distinguishing mark of the illocutionary (and hence of acts like telling). The chapter ends with further comparison and contrast between acts of telling and promising.
10
Sytsma, David S. Baxter and the Rise of Mechanical Philosophy. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190274870.003.0002.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter sets Baxter’s involvement with mechanical philosophy against the backdrop of the growth of mechanical philosophy, with particular attention to the growing interest in Epicurean ideas and the work of Pierre Gassendi. Baxter’s engagement with mechanical philosophy is traced in chronological sequence from the 1650s until his death in 1691. In the course of this narrative, Baxter’s personal relationships to Joseph Glanvill, Robert Boyle, Matthew Hale, and Henry More are surveyed. The context of Baxter’s manuscript and published works relating to mechanical philosophy are also discussed. Matthew Hale appears as a significant figure in the development of Baxter’s philosophical thought, as well as the production of his published works and the suppression from publication of an important manuscript on the nature and immortality of the soul.
11
Partridge, Christopher. Hashishdom. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190459116.003.0005.
Full textAbstract:
By the 1840s cannabis was beginning to be used in Western societies, particularly in France and America; as the century progressed, it enjoyed some popularity among physicians and psychiatrists. By the early twentieth century, philosophers such as Ernst Bloch and particularly Walter Benjamin were experimenting with the drug. This chapter is a discussion of the reception and use of hashish, primarily in the nineteenth century. As well as exploring its relationship with the Orient in the minds of users, it discusses its emergence as a technology of transcendence. Of particular significance in this respect was the work of Fitz Hugh Ludlow, particularly The Hasheesh Eater. However, other figures are discussed, including Jacques-Joseph Moreau de Tours, Alexandre Dumas, Théophile Gautier, and Charles Baudelaire.
12
Solomon, William. The Rise of Slapstick Modernism; or, the Birth of the Uncool. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252040245.003.0008.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter follows the full-fledged rise of slapstick modernism in the late 1950s and 1960s. After surveying this field with help from Jack Kerouac's tribute to the Three Stooges in Visions of Cody, the chapter examines Joseph Heller's Catch-22 for insight into the sociopolitical importance of technically mastering the rhetorical dimensions of language—verbal tropes in particular. Heller's humor made an essential contribution to the development of a countercultural sensibility. In his novel, jokes serve as the means of carving out a space for alternative attitudes toward ideologically coercive notions such as patriotism and sacrifice. The clever deployment of figures of speech thus seeks to generate a skeptical intelligence, as well as to contest the dreadful impact of military officers' demands on their naïve subordinates.
13
Chang, Hasok. Thermal Physics and Thermodynamics. Edited by Jed Z. Buchwald and Robert Fox. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199696253.013.17.
Full textAbstract:
This article discusses some of the significant themes in the development of thermal physics up to the establishment of classical thermodynamics. It begins with a review of the scientific study of heat, focusing on developments in the areas of thermometry and calorimetry. It then considers work on specific and latent heats, including those of Joseph Black, William Irvine, and Adair Crawford, as well as the interesting questions raised by the concepts of specific and latent heat in their interrelationship. It also examines the physics of caloric and gases, with particular emphasis on the debate over adiabatic heating and cooling; the motion of heat and its transfer between bodies; debates on the nature of heat; and heat as a state function. The article concludes with an overview of the emergence of classical thermodynamics.
14
Mason, Patrick Q. Mormonism and Race. Edited by Paul Harvey and Kathryn Gin Lum. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190221171.013.20.
Full textAbstract:
As a religion born in the modern period, Mormonism inherited and has in many ways inhabited modern racial categories and theories. Since the time of Joseph Smith and Brigham Young, the majority of Latter-day Saints’ racial views have generally tracked with broader American society, but the religion’s distinctive theology and history also produce alternative racial rationales, discourses, and experiences unique to Mormonism. Focusing on the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, this chapter examines how race has been operationalized in Mormon scripture (in particular the Book of Mormon), the history of Mormonism in America, and scholarly treatments. Never simply dichromatic, Mormon considerations of race have included African Americans but also paid substantial attention to the native peoples of the Americas (North and increasingly Central and South) and Pacific Islanders.
15
Diamond, James A., Menachem Kellner, and Seth Kadish. Reinventing Maimonides in Contemporary Jewish Thought. Liverpool University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781906764951.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
Every work on Jewish thought and law since the twelfth century bears the imprint of Maimonides. A. N. Whitehead's famous dictum that the entire European philosophical tradition ‘consists of a series of footnotes to Plato’ could equally characterize Maimonides' place in the Jewish tradition. The critical studies in this volume explore how Orthodox rabbis of different orientations — Shlomo Aviner, Naftali Zvi Yehudah Berlin (Netziv), Kalonymus Kalman Shapira, Joseph Kafih, Abraham Isaac Kook, Aaron Kotler, Joseph Soloveitchik, and Elhanan Wasserman — have read and provided footnotes to Maimonides in the long twentieth century. How well did they really understand Maimonides? And where do their arguments fit in the mainstream debates about him and his works? Each of the seven core chapters examines a particular approach. Some rabbis have tried to liberate themselves from the influence of his ideas. Others have sought to build on those ideas or expand them in ways which Maimonides himself did not pursue, and which he may well not have agreed with. Still others advance patently non-Maimonidean positions, while attributing them to none other than Maimonides. Above all, the chapters published here demonstrate that his legacy remains vibrantly alive today.
16
Kivy, Peter. Hume’s Taste and the Rationalist Critique. Edited by Paul Russell. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199742844.013.13.
Full textAbstract:
The concept of genius—artistic genius in particular—is generally thought of as a quintessentially nineteenth-century phenomenon: the cornerstone, in fact, of German Romanticism. Kant’s treatment of the concept has always been recognized as the source from which the early Romantics drew. But the fact of the matter is that it is to the British Enlightenment that we must look for the first modern formulation of the concept of artistic genius. For it was already well formed and clearly recognizable before Kant got his hands on it. In this article, the author begins by suggesting two ancient sources for the concept of genius as it developed in eighteenth-century Britain, then goes on to discuss the contributions to the concept of Joseph Addison, Edward Young, Alexander Gerard, William Duff, and Gerard again, who dipped his oar in twice.
17
Grafton, Anthony. Spinoza’s Hermeneutics. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198806837.003.0009.
Full textAbstract:
The biblical scholarship Spinoza deploys in his Tractatus Theologico-Politicus (1670) stands in a long tradition of humanist philology. The radical thrust of the book lay not so much in the techniques as in the conclusions which Spinoza, spurred by his philosophical agenda, allowed himself to draw from the results. His historical contextualization of the biblical Sitz im Leben resembled what humanist philologists like Joseph Scaliger had done long before: a reconstruction of the circumstances in which a text was produced, with an eye to time, space, and culture. The central chapters in the Tractatus also show that Spinoza was not the most outstanding representative of this scholarly tradition. Drawing, for example, on the commentary in his particular edition of the Hebrew Bible, Spinoza relied only indirectly on Rabbinic source materials, which led him to misrepresent them unduly.
18
Bueno, Otávio, and Steven French. Approaching Models. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198815044.003.0002.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter considers the framework needed in order for mathematical and physical structures to be examined and related, in philosophical terms. We contrast the structuralist account associated with Joseph Sneed, Wolfgang Stegmüller, and others with the models-focused account of Ron Giere. The former, we claim, is heavy on formalism at the expense of a consideration of practice, whereas the latter draws on a number of case studies but omits the crucial formal framework. We suggest rejecting both these extremes in favour of an approach that is appropriately formal, while retaining the ability to represent science as actually practised. We maintain the partial structures account we present here constitutes such an approach. In particular, this framework can accommodate the heuristic role of surplus mathematical structure, as described by Michael Redhead. The exploitation of such structure is a crucial feature of scientific practice that we return to throughout the book.
19
Crossland, Rachel. A Brownian Model for Literary Crowds. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198815976.003.0007.
Full textAbstract:
Chapter 6 applies the ideas explored in Chapter 5 to a range of early twentieth-century literary texts, especially those by Woolf and Lawrence. The focus here is on crowd and city scenes, including the modernist figures of the flâneur and the passante. The chapter as a whole argues for the relevance of contemporary ideas on molecular physics, especially Brownian motion, to portrayals of individual characters in relation to crowds, drawing on a range of texts including Woolf’s Night and Day and Mrs Dalloway, Lawrence’s The Trespasser and The White Peacock, and texts by Joseph Conrad, James Joyce, and H. G. Wells. Together with Chapter 5, this chapter demonstrates how ideas, language, and imagery were shared across disciplines in the early twentieth century, and argues that considering different disciplines together can help us to recapture a sense of the ways in which particular issues were experienced at the time.
20
Vernallis, Carol. Avant-Gardists and the Lure of Pop Music. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190469894.003.0014.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter provides methods and models for thinking about avant-garde and experimental films and videos that incorporate popular music. It sketches the history of intersections between avant-gardists and popular music. It also provides close readings of works by Kenneth Anger, Bruce Connor, Joseph Cornell, Derek Jarman, Tony Oursler, Pipilotti Rist, Andy Warhol and others. It claims that institutional, formal and cultural constraints not only limit the frequency with which avant-gardists participate with pop musicians and pop music, they also colour the audiovisual relations within the works themselves. Avant-garde films and videos with pop soundtracks emphasise particular kinds of audiovisual relation—relations that differ from sound-image connections in narrative films, YouTube clips, commercials and music videos. It is demonstrated that this experimental subgenre embodies a unique sort of sound-image relation and suggests, finally, that these videos can expand our knowledge of audiovisual relations more broadly.
21
Quaglia, Bruce. Musical Prosthesis. Edited by Blake Howe, Stephanie Jensen-Moulton, Neil Lerner, and Joseph Straus. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199331444.013.36.
Full textAbstract:
This essay explores prosthesis as a hermeneutic model for the analysis of musical form and expression in Beethoven, with special attention given to codas and other parageneric spaces such as slow introductions. Codas in general, and Beethoven’s in particular, are theorized as extrinsic musical spaces that serve compensatory functions in relation to the normalized musical body of the sonata form. In a literal sense, a prosthetic compensates the disabled body by enhancing or remediating functions that deviate from the normal. Prosthesis thus becomes the means through which the relationships of inclusion and difference are mediated. By focusing on Beethoven’s slow introductions and codas and then recasting them as prosthetic spaces, the essay also revisits a famous exchange between critics Joseph Kerman and Charles Rosen on the topic of Beethoven’s codas, in order to resituate relational musical difference within more recent theories of musical form.
22
Strawson, Galen. Transition (Butler Dismissed). Princeton University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691161006.003.0012.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter examines John Locke's theory of personal identity, which he has defined in terms of the reach of consciousness in beings who qualify as persons (being in particular fully self-conscious, able to think of past and future, and “capable of a law”). It starts with the notion that a person is an object of a certain sort, and must exemplify a certain sort of temporal continuity, if it is to continue to exist. Locke assumes that any candidate person has such continuity. The chapter also considers which parts of a subject of experience's continuous past are features or aspects or parts of the person that it now is before concluding with an analysis of Joseph Butler's incorrect identification of consciousness with memory in his objection to Locke's argument that a person can survive a change in its thinking substance even if its thinking substance is immaterial.
23
Alter, Karen J., and Laurence R. Helfer. Nature or Nurture? Judicial Lawmaking in the European Court of Justice and the Andean Tribunal of Justice. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199680788.003.0008.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter explores a different issue raised by the Andean Tribunal of Justice's (ATJ's) origins as a legal transplant — when do international judges engage in expansive judicial lawmaking? Although many scholars assert that international courts are hard-wired for self-aggrandizement, this comparative study of the ATJ and the European Union's Court of Justice (ECJ) reveals that the political contexts in which courts are embedded are critical to how expansively they interpret their authority. Hence this chapter develops the Andean Community analogue to Joseph Weiler's famous account of the ECJ's transformation of Europe. It explores how variations in political support for integration over time have influenced lawmaking by international judges in the Andes and in Europe. The chapter focuses in particular on the ATJ's refusal to follow the ECJ in transforming the Andean Community's founding treaty, the Cartagena Agreement, into a constitutional blueprint for regional integration.
24
Weiss, Shira. Conclusion. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190684426.003.0008.
Full textAbstract:
Contrary to the consensus of modern scholars, Joseph Albo demonstrates philosophical originality in his exegetical homilies in Sefer ha-‘Iqqarim, which focus on the concept of free choice, an issue that was highly debated in the medieval world, and one with particular significance during a period of religious coercion. Though not a systematic thinker who comprehensively articulates his original philosophic views, Albo synthesizes ideas of his Jewish and non-Jewish predecessors and contemporaries, yet incorporates much of his own ingenuity into individual discussions of philosophically challenging biblical narratives. Albo uses innovative exegetical interpretations staggered throughout his philosophic work to teach the philosophic truth of free choice. In addition to his objective of articulating the authenticity of Jewish dogma in order to enable his coreligionists to defend themselves against persecution, his focus on free choice may have been intended to teach implicit lessons to strengthen the will and conviction of his persecuted community.
25
Dominy, Graham. The Inniskilling Fusiliers. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252040047.003.0008.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter recounts the mutiny of the Inniskilling Fusiliers (the 27th Regiment) at Fort Napier in 1887. For most of the 1880s, two or three infantry battalions, a cavalry regiment, and a full mountain battery of artillery were deployed in Natal and Zululand. Small detachments scattered across Zululand undertook tedious and arduous patrolling. The breakup of the regiments into small units serving in out-of-the-way places compromised regimental discipline. This chapter examines whether external factors played any part in the Inniskilling Fusiliers mutiny, which has also been described as a mere “drunken brawl” involving Irish troops, by assessing the situation in Ireland and among the Irish communities in England at the time. In particular, it looks at the Land Wars and the Home Rule movement in Ireland in the 1880s and goes on to discuss the mysterious circumstances surrounding the the Inniskilling Fusiliers rebellion. It also considers the trial of four mutineers—Patrick McKeown, Joseph McCrea, Charles Orr, and John Campbell—which saw the execution of McCrea.
26
Shrock, Dennis. Choral Monuments. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190469023.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
This book provides extensive and in-depth material about eleven epoch-making choral masterworks that span the history of Western culture from the Renaissance to the modern era. Included are Missa Pange lingua (Josquin Desprez); Missa Papae Marcelli (G. P. da Palestrina); B Minor Mass (J. S. Bach); Messiah (G. F. Handel); The Creation (Joseph Haydn); Symphony no. 9 (Ludwig van Beethoven); St. Paul (Felix Mendelssohn); Ein deutsches Requiem (Johannes Brahms); Messa da Requiem (Giuseppe Verdi); Mass (Igor Stravinsky); and War Requiem (Benjamin Britten). The works are presented in separate chapters, with each chapter divided into three basic sections—history, analysis, and performance practice. Discussions of history include biographical information about composers related to the work at hand, historical perspectives, and text sources. Analyses are focused on formal and musical structures, salient compositional techniques, and elements of music particular to the work being discussed, including parody and motivic organization. The discussion of performance practices includes primary source quotations about a wide range of topics, from performing forces, tempo, and phrasing of each work to specific issues such as tactus, text underlay, musica ficta, metric accentuation, rhythmic alteration, recitative, fermatas, and ornamentation. Musical examples and primary source quotes illuminate the material.
27
Larsen, Timothy. Congregationalists. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199683710.003.0002.
Full textAbstract:
The nineteenth century was a period of remarkable advance for the Baptists in the United Kingdom. The vigour of the Baptist movement was identified with the voluntary system and the influence of their leading pulpiteers, notably Charles Haddon Spurgeon. However, Baptists were often divided on the strictness of their Calvinism, the question of whether baptism as a believer was a prerequisite for participation in Communion, and issues connected with ministerial training. By the end of the century, some Baptists led by F.B. Meyer had recognized the ministry of women as deaconesses, if not as pastors. Both domestic and foreign mission were essential to Baptist activity. The Baptist Home Missionary Society assumed an important role here, while Spurgeon’s Pastors’ College became increasingly significant in supplying domestic evangelists. Meyer played an important role in the development, within Baptist life, of interdenominational evangelism, while the Baptist Missionary Society and its secretary Joseph Angus supplied the Protestant missionary movement with the resonant phrase ‘The World for Christ in our Generation’. In addition to conversionism, Baptists were also interested in campaigning against the repression of Protestants and other religious minorities on the Continent. Baptist activities were supported by institutions: the formation of the Baptist Union in 1813 serving Particular Baptists, as well as a range of interdenominational bodies such as the Evangelical Alliance. Not until 1891 did the Particular Baptists merge with the New Connexion of General Baptists, while theological controversy continued to pose fresh challenges to Baptist unity. Moderate evangelicals such as Joseph Angus who occupied a respectable if not commanding place in nineteenth-century biblical scholarship probably spoke for a majority of Baptists. Yet when in 1887 Charles Haddon Spurgeon alleged that Baptists were drifting into destructive theological liberalism, he provoked the ‘Downgrade Controversy’. In the end, a large-scale secession of Spurgeon’s followers was averted. In the area of spirituality, there was an emphasis on the agency of the Spirit in the church. Some later nineteenth-century Baptists were drawn towards the emphasis of the Keswick Convention on the power of prayer and the ‘rest of faith’. At the same time, Baptists became increasingly active in the cause of social reform. Undergirding Baptist involvement in the campaign to abolish slavery was the theological conviction—in William Knibb’s words—that God ‘views all nations as one flesh’. By the end of the century, through initiatives such as the Baptist Forward Movement, Baptists were championing a widening concern with home mission that involved addressing the need for medical care and housing in poor areas. Ministers such as John Clifford also took a leading role in shaping the ‘Nonconformist Conscience’ and Baptists supplied a number of leading Liberal MPs, most notably Sir Morton Peto. Their ambitions to make a difference in the world would peak in the later nineteenth and early twentieth century as their political influence gradually waned thereafter.
28
Gilbert, Margaret. Rights and Demands. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198813767.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
This book is the first extended treatment of demand-rights, a class of rights apt to be considered rights par excellence. Centrally, to have a demand-right is to have the standing or authority to demand a particular action from another person, who has a correlative obligation to the right-holder. How are demand-rights possible? Linking its response to central themes and positions within rights theory, Rights and Demands argues for two main theses. First, joint commitment, in a sense that is explained, is a ground of demand-rights. Second, it may well be their only ground. The first thesis is developed with special reference to agreements and promises, generally understood to ground demand-rights. It argues that both of these phenomena are constituted by joint commitments, and that this is true of many other central social phenomena also. In relation to the second thesis it considers the possibility of demand-rights whose existence can be demonstrated by moral argument without appeal to any joint commitment, and the possibility of accruing demand-rights through the existence of a given legal system or other institution construed without any such appeal. The relevance of the book’s conclusions to our understanding of human rights is then explained. Classic and contemporary rights theorists whose work is discussed include Wesley Hohfeld, H. L. A. Hart, Joel Feinberg, Immanuel Kant, Thomas Scanlon, Judith Thomson, Joseph Raz, and Stephen Darwall.
29
Himma, Kenneth Einar. Morality and the Nature of Law. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198723479.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
This book is concerned with explicating the conceptual relationships between law and morality. In particular, it explores the conceptual relationship between morality and the criteria that determine what counts as law in a given society (i.e. the criteria of legal validity). Is it a necessary condition for the existence of a legal system that it includes moral criteria of legal validity? Is it even possible for a legal system to have moral criteria of legal validity? The book considers the views of natural law theorists ranging from Blackstone to Dworkin and rejects them, arguing that it is not conceptually necessary that the criteria of legal validity include moral norms. Further, it rejects the exclusive positivist view, arguing instead that it is conceptually possible for the criteria of validity to include moral norms. In the process of considering such questions, this book considers Joseph Raz’s views concerning the nature of authority and Scott Shapiro’s views about the guidance function of law, which have been thought to repudiate the conceptual possibility of moral criteria of legal validity. The book, then, articulates a thought experiment that shows that it is possible for a legal system to have such criteria and concludes with a chapter that argues that any legal system, like that of the United States, which affords final authority over the content of the law to judges who are fallible with respect to the requirements of morality is a legal system with purely source-based criteria of validity.
30
Spencer, Jane. Writing About Animals in the Age of Revolution. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198857518.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
This book argues that shifting attitudes to nonhuman animals in eighteenth-century Britain affected the emergence of radical political claims based on the concept of universal human rights. It examines a tension in 1790s radicalism between the anthropocentrism of the concept of the ‘rights of man’, and the challenge to human exceptionalism entailed by attempts to extend benevolent consideration to nonhuman animals. The development of a naturalistic and sympathetic literature of animal subjectivity is traced with particular attention to the innovatory representation of nonhuman animal perspectives within children’s literature. The study explores the complex relationship between animal representation and claims for human rights through an investigation of writing by and about four overlapping human groups—children, women, slaves, and the lower classes—whose social subordination was grounded in their cultural construction as less than fully human. Emancipatory movements of political reform, abolition, and feminism, and the animal representations produced within those movements, were affected by the varying forms of animalization applied to each oppressed group. A final chapter considers the legacy of 1790s animal rights discourses in the early-nineteenth-century campaign for anti-cruelty legislation. The book’s many literary animals include the ass, ambiguous emblem of sympathetic animal writing; the great ape or ‘orang-outang’, central to racist discourse; and the pig, adopted by 1790s radicals to signify their rebellion. Writers considered include Sterne, Coleridge, Southey, Wordsworth, Clare, Wollstonecraft, Barbauld, Hays, Mary Robinson, Equiano, Sancho, Cugoano, Clarkson, Thomas Spence, Daniel Isaac Eaton, John Oswald, Joseph Ritson, Thomas Erskine, and John Lawrence.
31
Gorlizki, Yoram, and Oleg Khlevniuk. Substate Dictatorship. Yale University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300230819.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
How do local leaders govern in a large dictatorship? What resources do they draw on? This book examines these questions by looking at one of the most important authoritarian regimes of the twentieth century. Starting in the early years after the Second World War and taking the story through to the 1970s, the book charts the strategies of Soviet regional leaders, paying particular attention to the forging and evolution of local trust networks. The book begins with an explanation of what dictatorship is and how it works, and it analyzes how countries move from one form of dictatorship to another. It also looks at the most important dictatorships of the modern era in a new perspective. It focuses on the personal dictatorship that formed in the Soviet Union from the 1930s that center on the supreme leader, Joseph Stalin, and talks about substate dictators that were nested in Stalin's statewide dictatorship. The book builds on recent developments in the theory of dictatorship, such as the distinction between the dictator's problem of controlling threats from the masses, the problem of authoritarian control, and the problem of authoritarian power sharing. It discusses the challenges that substate leaders faced after the war and the party-based tools they used to forge networks. The book moves on to examine the stabilization of hierarchies and the changing balance between co-optation and political exclusion after the war, and explores the various ways in which substate leaders responded to new impulses at a regional level. It looks at the succession struggle in Moscow and its effects on the environment in which substate leaders operated. The book's conclusion suggests how a public discursive framework can help provide a benchmark for comparing the Soviet Union with other regimes, including that of contemporary post-communist Russia. It summarizes how substate leaders and their strategies can shed light on dictatorship and on how it changes over time. It also explains that the Soviet case falls into two broad categories, one empirical and historical, the other comparative and theoretical. The chapter draws attention to a parallel act of delegation at the regional level. It also recounts how Joseph Stalin handed over power on a provisional basis to regional leaders due to his inability to penetrate the inner recesses of local administration.
32
Shaibani, Aziz. Pseudoneurologic Syndromes. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190661304.003.0022.
Full textAbstract:
The term functional has almost replaced psychogenic in the neuromuscular literature for two reasons. It implies a disturbance of function, not structural damage; therefore, it defies laboratory testing such as MRIS, electromyography (EMG), and nerve conduction study (NCS). It is convenient to draw a parallel to the patients between migraine and brain tumors, as both cause headache, but brain MRI is negative in the former without minimizing the suffering of the patient. It is a “software” and not a “hardware” problem. It avoids irritating the patient by misunderstanding the word psychogenic which to many means “madness.”The cause of this functional impairment may fall into one of the following categories:• Conversion reaction: conversion of psychological stress to physical symptoms. This may include paralysis, hemisensory or distal sensory loss, or conversion spasms. It affects younger age groups.• Somatization: chronic multiple physical and cognitive symptoms due to chronic stress. It affects older age groups.• Factions disorder: induced real physical symptoms due to the need to be cared for, such as injecting oneself with insulin to produce hypoglycemia.• Hypochondriasis: overconcern about body functions such as suspicion of ALS due to the presence of rare fasciclutations that are normal during stress and after ingestion of a large amount of coffee. Medical students in particular are targets for this disorder.The following points are to be made on this topic. FNMD should be diagnosed by neuromuscular specialists who are trained to recognize actual syndrome whether typical or atypical. Presentations that fall out of the recognition pattern of a neuromuscular specialist, after the investigations are negative, they should be considered as FNMDs. Sometimes serial examinations are useful to confirm this suspicion. Psychatrists or psychologists are to be consulted to formulate a plan to discover the underlying stress and to treat any associated psychiatric disorder or psychological aberration. Most patients think that they are stressed due to the illness and they fail to connect the neuromuscular manifestations and the underlying stress. They offer shop around due to lack of satisfaction, especially those with somatization disorders. Some patients learn how to imitate certain conditions well, and they can deceive health care professionals. EMG and NCS are invaluable in revealing FNMD. A normal needle EMG of a weak muscles mostly indicates a central etiology (organic or functional). Normal sensory responses of a severely numb limb mean that a lesion is preganglionic (like roots avulsion, CISP, etc.) or the cause is central (a doral column lesion or functional). Management of FNMD is difficult, and many patients end up being chronic cases that wander into clinics and hospitals seeking solutions and exhausting the health care system with unnecessary expenses.It is time for these disorders to be studied in detail and be classified and have criteria set for their diagnosis so that they will not remain diagnosed only by exclusion. This chapter will describe some examples of these disorders. A video clip can tell the story better than many pages of writing. Improvement of digital cameras and electronic media has improved the diagnosis of these conditions, and it is advisable that patients record some of their symptoms when they happen. It is not uncommon for some Neuromuscular disorders (NMDs), such as myasthenia gravis (MG), small fiber neuropathy, and CISP, to be diagnosed as functional due to the lack of solid physical findings during the time of the examination. Therefore, a neuromuscular evaluation is important before these disorders are labeled as such. Some patients have genuine NMDs, but the majority of their symptoms are related to what Joseph Marsden called “sickness behavior.” A patient with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) may unconsciously develop numbness of the entire side of the body because he thinks that he may have a stroke.