Journal articles: 'Wireless Power Transfer, Electric Vehicle, Power Electronics'

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M, Ponmani Raja, Karthik Chandran, Jeyakkannan N, John Paul, and Jibin Jaison. "Dynamic Wireless Charging for Inductive Power Transfer Systems in Electric Vehicles." ECS Transactions 107, no. 1 (April 24, 2022): 2665–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/10701.2665ecst.

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The charging plate creates magnetic fluxing. The charging plate and the adjacent coil can induce current without any contact. By the new trends, wireless charging got more social attention to the outside world as an alternative method for primitive wired charging. Even though wireless charging was implemented to various electronics industries, it is still proven that wired charging is faster than the wireless. But can make the gadget hot, which may not be good for the battery efficiency. The wireless charging does not degrade the battery. A vehicle that is powered by an electric motor rather than a typical petrol or diesel engine is referred to as an electric vehicle. The electric motor is powered by rechargeable batteries. In this article, the dynamic wireless charging of electric vehicles introduces a new methodology of charging even when the vehicle is in motion. The dynamic wireless charging is proposed to allow power transfer to the electric vehicles when they are in motion. Multiple inductive pads should be buried under the roadways. The inductive pads should be energized by a power supply. The track which is dedicated for the wireless charging should have enough distance so that the vehicles can charge up to a stable value until they leave the charging track. This proposed methodology reduces unnecessary time wastage for charging of vehicles. Hardware results obtained the primary pads mounted on road and power supply for primary roads. Besides, it will flow the efficient inductive power transfer and time saving opportunity.

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Triviño, Alicia, José M. González-González, and José A. Aguado. "Wireless Power Transfer Technologies Applied to Electric Vehicles: A Review." Energies 14, no. 6 (March 11, 2021): 1547. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14061547.

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The expansion on the use of Electric Vehicles demands new mechanisms to ease the charging process, making it autonomous and with a reduced user intervention. This paper reviews the technologies applied to the wireless charge of Electric Vehicles. In particular, it focuses on the technologies based on the induction principle, the capacitive-based techniques, those that use radiofrequency waves and the laser powering. As described, the convenience of each technique depends on the requirements imposed on the wireless power transfer. Specifically, we can state that the power level, the distance between the power source and the electric vehicle or whether the transfer is executed with the vehicle on the move or not or the cost are critical parameters that need to be taken into account to decide which technology to use. In addition, each technique requires some complementary electronics. This paper reviews the main components that are incorporated into these systems and it provides a review of their most relevant configurations.

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Yamaguchi, Kazuya, and Kenichi Iida. "Auto tuning of frequency on wireless power transfer for an electric vehicle." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 12, no. 2 (April 1, 2022): 1147. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v12i2.pp1147-1152.

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In these days, electric vehicles are enthusiastically researched as a countermeasure to air pollution, although these do not have practicality compared to gasoline-powered vehicles. The aim of this study is to transport energy wirelessly and efficiently to an electric vehicle. To accomplish this, we focused on frequency of an alternating current (AC) power supply, and suggested a method which determined the value of it constantly. In particular, a wireless power transfer circuit and a lithium-ion battery in an electric vehicle were expressed with an equivalent circuit, and efficiency of energy transfer was calculated. Furthermore, the optimal frequency which maximizes efficiency was found, and the behavior of voltage was demonstrated on a secondary circuit. Finally, we could obtain the larger electromotive force at the secondary inductor than an input voltage.

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Lo, Duncan, Filbert Juwono, Wei Wong, and Ing Chew. "A study on transmission coil parameters of wireless power transfer for electric vehicles." Serbian Journal of Electrical Engineering 19, no. 2 (2022): 129–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sjee2202129l.

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Electric vehicles (EVs) are becoming more popular as people become more concerned about global issues, such as fossil fuel depletion and global warming, which cause severe climate change. Wired charging infrastructure is inefficient because it requires the construction of one charging station for each electric vehicle. As a result, wireless power transfer via magnetic coupling, which is small, compact, and may be placed underground, is a promising technology for the future of charging electric vehicles. One of the disadvantages of wireless power transfer is that efficiency drops rapidly as air gaps grow larger, and it is particularly sensitive to other electrical characteristics such receiver unit capacitance. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the coil parameter, more specifically the outer diameter of wireless power transfer coil effects on the wireless power transfer efficiency at various air gaps and receiver capacitance values for EV applications. The simulations show that a larger outer diameter coil has a better power transfer efficiency at larger air gaps and a more stable range.

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Okasili, Iman, Ahmad Elkhateb, and Timothy Littler. "A Review of Wireless Power Transfer Systems for Electric Vehicle Battery Charging with a Focus on Inductive Coupling." Electronics 11, no. 9 (April 24, 2022): 1355. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11091355.

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This article classifies, describes, and critically compares different compensation schemes, converter topologies, control methods, and coil structures of wireless power transfer systems for electric vehicle battery charging, focusing on inductive power transfer. It outlines a path from the conception of the technology to the modern and cutting edge of the technology. First, the base principles of inductive coupling power transfer are supplied to give an appreciation for the operation and design of the systems. Then, compensation topologies and soft-switching techniques are introduced. Reimagined converter layouts that deviate from the typical power electronics topologies are introduced. Control methods are detailed alongside topologies, and the generalities of control are also included. The paper then addresses other essential aspects of wireless power transfer systems such as coil design, infrastructure, cost, and safety standards to give a broader context for the technology. Discussions and recommendations are also provided. This paper aims to explain the technology, its modern advancements, and its importance. With the need for electrification mounting and the automotive industry being at the forefront of concern, recent advances in wireless power transfer will inevitably play an essential role in the coming years to propel electric vehicles into the common mode of choice.

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Bertoluzzo, Manuele, Michele Forzan, Paolo Di Barba, Maria Evelina Mognaschi, and Elisabetta Sieni. "Pareto optimal solutions of a wireless power transfer system." European Physical Journal Applied Physics 90, no. 2 (May 2020): 20904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjap/2020200052.

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Electrical vehicles have to be periodically recharged. Currently, they are plugged to power station by cables. Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) Systems could be used instead of traditional cable connection to charge the batteries of electric vehicles. These systems are based on a couple of coils, one on the vehicle bottom and one under the road connected to a power station. Nevertheless, these systems are affected by the magnetic characteristic of the coupling coils, so that these devices should be carefully designed. In this paper, a pair of faced pancake coils equipped with ferrite core is considered. The possible geometries of the coils are designed using genetic optimization algorithms searching for optimal mutual inductance and saving in copper. This paper presents the analysis of the Pareto solutions obtained using automatic design strategy.

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Elwalaty, Moustapha, Mohamed Jemli, and Hechmi Ben Azza. "Modeling, Analysis, and Implementation of Series-Series Compensated Inductive Coupled Power Transfer (ICPT) System for an Electric Vehicle." Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering 2020 (January 24, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9561523.

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This paper focuses on the modeling and implementation of an Electric Vehicle (EV) wireless charging system based on inductively coupled power transfer (ICPT) technique where electrical energy can be wirelessly transferred from source to vehicle battery. In fact, the wireless power transfer (WPT) system can solve the fundamental problems of the electric vehicle, which are the short battery life of the EV due to limited battery storage and the user safety by handling high voltage cables. In addition, this paper gives an equivalent electrical circuit of the DC-DC converter for WPT and comprises some basic components, which include the H-bridge inverter, inductive coupling transformer, filter, and rectifier. The input impedance of ICPT with series-series compensation circuit, their phases, and the power factor are calculated and plotted by using Matlab scripts programming for different air gap values between the transmitter coil and receiver coil. The simulation results indicate that it is important to operate the system in the resonance state to transfer the maximum real power from the source to the load. A mathematical expression of optimal equivalent load resistance, corresponding to a maximal transmission efficiency of a wireless charging system, was demonstrated in detail. Finally, a prototype of a wireless charging system has been constructed for using two rectangular coils. The resonant frequency of the designed system with a 500 × 200 mm transmitter coil and a 200 × 100 mm receiver coil is 10 kHz. By carefully adjusting the circuit parameters, the implementation prototype have been successfully transferred a 100 W load power through 10 cm air gap between the coils.

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Kadem, Karim, Mohamed Bensetti, Yann Le Bihan, Eric Labouré, and Mustapha Debbou. "Optimal Coupler Topology for Dynamic Wireless Power Transfer for Electric Vehicle." Energies 14, no. 13 (July 2, 2021): 3983. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14133983.

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Recently, the number of electric vehicles (EVs) is increasing due to the decline of oil resources and the rising of greenhouse gas emissions. However, EVs have not received full acceptance by consumers due to the limitations of the stored energy and charging problems. The dynamic or in-motion charging solution has become a suitable choice to solve the battery-related issues. Many researchers and vehicle manufacturers are working to develop an efficient charging system for EVs. In order to improve the efficiency of the dynamic wireless power transfer (DWPT), the electromagnetic coupling coefficient between the two parts of the coupler must be maximized. This paper was dedicated to find the optimal topology of a magnetic coupler with the best coupling factor while taking in consideration the displacement and the misalignment of the EV. The article is introduced by developing a methodology for characterizing the electrical parameters of couplers, followed by a comparative study of different forms of coils suitable for dynamic charging of electric vehicles. The particularity of the proposed study concerned the overall dimensions, or the areas occupied by the windings of the coils remaining the same for all the chosen shapes and corresponding to the surface that is actually available under the EV. Simulation and experimental tests were carried out to validate the proposed study.

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Campi, Tommaso, Silvano Cruciani, Francesca Maradei, and Mauro Feliziani. "Two-Coil Receiver for Electrical Vehicles in Dynamic Wireless Power Transfer." Energies 14, no. 22 (November 21, 2021): 7790. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14227790.

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Dynamic wireless power transfer (DWPT) of electric vehicles (EVs) is the future of urban mobility. The DWPT is often based on a series of short track pads embedded in road pavement that wirelessly transfers electrical energy to EVs equipped with a pickup coil for battery charging. An open problem with this technology is the variation of the coupling factor as a vehicle switches from one transmitting coil to another during its motion. This can cause a significant change in power with possible power spikes and holes. In order to overcome these issues, a new architecture is here proposed based on two pick-up coils mounted in the vehicle underneath. These identical receiver coils are placed in different positions under the vehicle (one in front and the other in the rear) and are activated one at a time so that inductive coupling is always good enough. This innovative configuration has two main advantages: (i) it maintains a nearly constant coupling factor, as well as efficiency and transferred power, as the vehicle moves along the electrified road; (ii) it significantly reduces the cost of road infrastructure. An application is presented to verify the proposed two-coil architecture in comparison with the traditional one-coil. The results of the investigation show the significant improvement achieved in terms of maximum power variation which is nearly stable with the proposed two-coil architecture (only 2.8% variation) while there are many power holes with the traditional single coil architecture. In addition, the number of the required transmitting coils is significantly reduced due to a larger separation between adjacent coils.

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Diep, Nguyen Thi, Nguyen Kien Trung, and Tran Trong Minh. "Wireless power transfer system design for electric vehicle dynamic charging application." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 11, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 1468. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v11.i3.pp1468-1480.

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This paper proposes and demonstrates a wireless power transfer system design for electric vehicle dynamic charging applications. The dynamic wireless charging (DWC) lane is designed for modularly. Each module has three shorttrack transmitter coils that are placed closely together and connected to a single inverter to reduce the number of inverters. The magnetic coupler design is analyzed and optimized by finite element analysis (FEA) to reduce the output power variation during dynamic charging. The LCC compensation circuit is designed according to the optimal load value to obtain maximum efficiency. The SIC devices are used to improve the efficiency of the high-frequency resonant inverter. A 1.5 kW dynamic charging system prototype is constructed. Experimental results show that the output power variation of 9.5% and the average efficiency of 89.5% are obtained in the moving condition.

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Musavi, Fariborz, and Wilson Eberle. "Overview of wireless power transfer technologies for electric vehicle battery charging." IET Power Electronics 7, no. 1 (January 2014): 60–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-pel.2013.0047.

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Liu, Wei, Chao Hu, and Lijuan Xiang. "A Multimodal Modulation Scheme for Electric Vehicles’ Wireless Power Transfer Systems, Based on Secondary Impedance." Electronics 11, no. 19 (September 25, 2022): 3055. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11193055.

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This study aimed to investigate a multimodal modulation scheme that takes into account the wide range of output characteristics, numerous constraints, and complex working conditions in the wireless charging of electric vehicles. Key electrical parameters and variables in the secondary stages of electric vehicle wireless power transfer (EV-WPT) systems were evaluated based on capacitive, inductive, and resistive impedance working modes. The limiting duty cycle values, D, of the rectifier were derived by detecting the mutual inductance, M. This multimodal modulation was adopted, based on the secondary equivalent impedance phase, to control the impedance working condition and, hence, achieve optimal working performance. The proposed method can modulate the system performance before and during wireless transmission. The proposed control scheme was verified using a 10 kW EV-WPT experimental prototype under a capacitive impedance working mode with 8.5 kW power output. Our proposed method achieved full power output by modulating the impedance working conditions.

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Kashani, Seyed Ali, Alireza Soleimani, Ali Khosravi, and Mojtaba Mirsalim. "State-of-the-Art Research on Wireless Charging of Electric Vehicles Using Solar Energy." Energies 16, no. 1 (December 27, 2022): 282. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16010282.

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Within the past decade, since impediments in nonrenewable fuel sources and the contamination they cause, utilizing green energies, such as those that are sun-oriented, in tandem with electric vehicles, is a developing slant. Coordinating electric vehicle (EV) charging stations with sun-powered boards (PV) reduces the burden of EV charging on the control framework. This paper presents a state-of-the-art literature review on remote control transmission frameworks for charging the batteries of electric vehicles utilizing sun-based boards as a source of power generation. The goal of this research is to advance knowledge in the wireless power transfer (WPT) framework and explore more about solar-powered electric vehicle charging stations. To do this, a variety of solar-powered electric vehicle charging station types are thoroughly studied. Following a study of many framework elements, the types of WPT components are explored in a different section. Within the wireless power transmission framework for solar-powered electric vehicle charging, compensators and various coil structures are also investigated, along with the advantages of each coil over the others. This study also discusses the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in WPT frameworks and highlights the important aspects of developing an AI model.

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Fernandez, Daniel, Ann Sebastian, Patience Raby, Moneeb Genedy, Ethan C. Ahn, Mahmoud M. Reda Taha, Samer Dessouky, and Sara Ahmed. "Roadway Embedded Smart Illumination Charging System for Electric Vehicles." Energies 16, no. 2 (January 11, 2023): 835. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16020835.

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Inspired by the fact that there is an immense amount of renewable energy sources available on the roadways, such as mechanical pressure, this study presents the development and implementation of an innovative charging technique for electric vehicles (EVs) by fully utilizing the existing roadways and state-of-the-art nanotechnology and power electronics. The developed Smart Illuminative Charging is a novel wireless charging system that uses LEDs powered by piezoelectric materials as the energy transmitter source and thin film solar panels placed at the bottom of the EVs as the receiver, which is then poised to deliver the harvested energy to the vehicle’s battery. The piezoelectric materials were tested for their mechanical-to-electrical energy conversion capabilities and the relatively large-area EH2N samples (2 cm × 2 cm) produced high output voltages of up to 52 mV upon mechanical pressure. Furthermore, a lab-scale prototype device was developed to testify the proposed mechanism of illuminative charging (i.e., “light” coupled pavement and vehicle as a wireless energy transfer medium).

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Anyapo, Chan, Nithiphat Teerakawanich, and Chowarit Mitsantisuk. "Development of Multi-Coiled Dynamic Wireless Power Transfer for Electric Vehicle." International Review of Electrical Engineering (IREE) 17, no. 2 (April 30, 2022): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.15866/iree.v17i2.21583.

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El-Shahat, Adel, and Erhuvwu Ayisire. "Novel Electrical Modeling, Design and Comparative Control Techniques for Wireless Electric Vehicle Battery Charging." Electronics 10, no. 22 (November 19, 2021): 2842. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10222842.

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Dynamic wireless power systems are an effective way to supply electric vehicles (EVs) with the required power while moving and to overcome the problems of low mileage and extensive charging times. This paper targets modeling and control for future dynamic wireless charging using magnetic resonance coupling because of the latter’s efficiency. We present a 3D model of transmitter and receiver coils for EV charging with magnetic resonance wireless power developed using ANSYS Maxwell. This model was incorporated into the physical design of the magnetic resonance coupling using ANSYS Simplorer in order to optimize the power. The estimated efficiency was around 92.1%. The transient analysis of the proposed circuit was investigated. A closed-loop three-level cascaded PI controller- was utilized for wireless charging of an EV battery. The controller was designed to eliminate the voltage variation resulting from the variation in the space existing between coils. A single-level PI controller was used to benchmark the proposed system’s performance. Furthermore, solar-powered wireless power transfer with a maximum power point tracker was used to simulate the wireless charging of an electric vehicle. The simulation results indicated that the EV battery could be charged with a regulated power of 12 V and 5 A through wireless power transfer. Fuzzy logic and neuro-fuzzy controllers were employed for more robustness in the performance of the output. The neuro-fuzzy controller showed the best performance in comparison with the other designs. All the proposed systems were checked and validated using the OPAL Real-Time simulator. The stability analysis of the DC–DC converter inside the closed-loop system was investigated.

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Helwig, Martin, Steve Zimmer, Peter Lucas, Anja Winkler, and Niels Modler. "Multiphysics Investigation of an UltrathinVehicular Wireless Power Transfer Module for Electric Vehicles." Sustainability 13, no. 17 (August 31, 2021): 9785. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13179785.

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The functional and spatial integration of a wireless power transfer system (WPTS) into electric vehicles is a challenging task, due to complex multiphysical interactions and strict constraints such as installation space limitations or shielding requirements. This paper presents an electromagnetic–thermal investigation of a novel design approach for an ultrathin onboard receiver unit for a WPTS, comprising the spatial and functional integration of the receiver coil, ferromagnetic sheet and metal mesh wire into a vehicular underbody cover. To supplement the complex design process, two-way coupled electromagnetic–thermal simulation models were developed. This included the systematic and consecutive modelling, as well as experimental validation of the temperature- and frequency-dependent material properties at the component, module and system level. The proposed integral design combined with external power electronics resulted in a module height of only 15mm. The module achieved a power of up to 7.2 kW at a transmission frequency of f0=85kHz with a maximum efficiency of 92% over a transmission distance of 110mm to 160mm. The proposed simulations showed very good consistency with the experimental validation on all levels. Thus, the performed studies provide a significant contribution to coupled electromagnetic and thermal design wireless power transfer systems.

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Zhang, Yiming. "Design of High-Power Static Wireless Power Transfer via Magnetic Induction: An Overview." CPSS Transactions on Power Electronics and Applications 6, no. 4 (December 2021): 281–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.24295/cpsstpea.2021.00027.

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Recent years have witnessed the booming development of wireless power transfer (WPT) via magnetic induction, which has the advantages of convenience, safety, and feasibility to special occasions. WPT can be applied to electric vehicles and ships, where high-power WPT technology is required to shorten the charging time with the increasing battery capacity. This paper reviews the state-of-the-art development of high-power static WPT systems via magnetic induction. Selected prototypes and demos of high-power WPT systems are demonstrated with key transfer characteristics and solutions. Theoretical foundation of magnetically coupled WPT systems is analyzed and the maximum power capability of coils is derived. Compensation topologies suitable for high-power applications are discussed. Four basic planar coils, namely the bipolar coil, the square coil, the circular coil, and the rectangular coil, are simulated and compared. The state-of-the-art silicon carbide MOSFET development is introduced. The power electronics converters with power elevation techniques, including cascading, paralleling and inductive elevation, are investigated. Future development of high-power WPT systems is discussed.

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Zamani, Muhammad Qusyairi Iqbal Mohd, Rahimi Baharom, and Dalina Johari. "Conceptual study on Grid-to-Vehicle (G2V) wireless power transfer using single-phase matrix converter." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 10, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 1382. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v10.i3.pp1382-1388.

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This paper presents the conceptual study on grid-to-electric vehicle (G2V) wireless power transfer (WPT) using Single Phase Matrix Converter (SPMC). In this work, the SPMC is used as a direct AC to AC converter to convert the input supply voltage at 50 Hz frequency to the output of 20 kHz to meet the WPT switching frequency operation of the transmitter and receiver coils. The high frequency AC voltage of the receiver coil is then rectified to a DC form by using SPMC. Through the proposed system, the battery of an electric car can be charged wirelessly, thus removing the annoying wires of the conventional electric vehicle charging system. The reduction in size of the charging system, power losses and optimum efficiency are among the advantages of the proposed system. MATLAB/Simulink (MLS) has been used to simulate the proposed model. Selected simulation result are presented to verify the proposed work.

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Wang, Ke, Zhiping Zuo, Lin Sang, and Xiaoqiang Zhu. "Comprehensive Analysis for Electromagnetic Shielding Method Based on Mesh Aluminium Plate for Electric Vehicle Wireless Charging Systems." Energies 15, no. 4 (February 19, 2022): 1546. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15041546.

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As an epoch-making technique, wireless power transfer (WPT) technology has been used in electric vehicle charging devices in recent years, but the electromagnetic leakage problem has always plagued numerous researchers. The traditional wireless charging systems use a solid metal aluminium plate to shield electromagnetic leakage generally. Although it has a good shielding performance, it will seriously reduce the transmission efficiency of wireless charging systems. In this paper, an aluminium plate with a series of mesh holes of different sizes is proposed to weaken the eddy current in partial areas on the plane. Therefore, without changing the maximum magnetic induction intensity of the shielded magnetic field, the influence of the aluminium plate on the electrical parameters of the wireless power transfer system is minimized, and the transmission efficiency of the system is improved. The Ansys Maxwell software has been adopted to simulate the transfer and shielding performance. Finally, the experimental results have verified that the optimized mesh aluminium plate can reduce the interference to the transmission performance of electric vehicle wireless charging system and further improve the electromagnetic environment of the system effectively at the same time.

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Vishnuram, Pradeep, Suresh P., Narayanamoorthi R., Vijayakumar K., and Benedetto Nastasi. "Wireless Chargers for Electric Vehicle: A Systematic Review on Converter Topologies, Environmental Assessment, and Review Policy." Energies 16, no. 4 (February 9, 2023): 1731. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16041731.

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The delivery of electricity employing an electromagnetic field that extends across an intervening region is called a wireless power transfer (WPT). This approach paves the way for electric vehicles (EVs) to use newly available options to reduce their environmental impact. This article is a review that examines the WPT technology for use in electric vehicle applications from both the technical aspect and the environmental impact. This review will attempt to accomplish the following objectives: (1) describe the present state of the technology behind the development and application of a WPT across the transportation industry; (2) substantiate the actual implementation of WPT EV systems; and (3) estimate the functioning of the autonomous system, as well as detect the potential stumbling blocks and openings for enhancement. The most recent advancements and implementation in compensating topologies, power electronics converters, and control techniques are dissected and debated scientifically to improve the system’s performance. To evaluate the performance from a sustainable perspective, energy, environmental, and economic factors are utilized, and at the same time, policy drivers and health and safety problems are researched.

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Son, Seokhyeon, Yujun Shin, Seongho Woo, and Seungyoung Ahn. "Sensor Coil System for Misalignment Detection and Information Transfer in Dynamic Wireless Power Transfer of Electric Vehicle." Journal of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science 22, no. 3 (May 31, 2022): 309–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.26866/jees.2022.3.r.92.

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Wireless power transfer (WPT) technology has been applied to fields as diverse as medical, electronic devices and transportation because of its convenience, safety and aesthetics. In particular, electric vehicles (EVs) that have emerged to replace internal combustion engines, which cause environmental pollution problems, are most suitable for applying WPT. Not only does convenience increase by eliminating charging cables, but the issue of heavy batteries can also be resolved by using dynamic WPT technology, which allows charging of batteries while driving. Furthermore, if dynamic WPT technology and autonomous driving technology are applied together to EVs, the driver’s convenience with regard to charging as well as driving will be greatly improved. In this paper, we propose a multi-purpose sensor coil system for use with dynamic WPT in an EV. Sensor coils detect any misalignment between the source coil and the load coil that occurs while the vehicle is being driven. Furthermore, the proposed system uses sensor coils and ferrite bars to transfer information, such as the lanes which vehicles are being driven. By transferring information, the proposed system can provide the benefits of autonomous driving technology as well as WPT technology. We theoretically analyze the proposed method and confirm that it can play two roles through simulations and experiments.

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ElGhanam, Eiman, Mohamed Hassan, and Ahmed Osman. "Design of a High Power, LCC-Compensated, Dynamic, Wireless Electric Vehicle Charging System with Improved Misalignment Tolerance." Energies 14, no. 4 (February 8, 2021): 885. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14040885.

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Dynamic wireless power transfer (DWPT) systems are becoming increasingly important for on-the-move electric vehicle (EV) charging solutions, to overcome range anxiety and compensate for the consumed energy while the EV is in motion. In this work, a DWPT EV charging system is proposed to be implemented on a straight road stretch such that it provides the moving EV with energy at a rate of 308 Wh/km. This rate is expected to compensate for the vehicle’s average energy consumption and allow for additional energy storage in the EV battery. The proposed charging system operates at an average power transfer efficiency that is higher than 90% and provides good lateral misalignment tolerance up to ±200 mm. Details of the proposed system’s design are presented in this paper, including EV specifications, inductive link and compensation network design and power electronic circuitry.

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Mou, Xiaolin, Daniel T. Gladwin, Rui Zhao, and Hongjian Sun. "Survey on magnetic resonant coupling wireless power transfer technology for electric vehicle charging." IET Power Electronics 12, no. 12 (September 13, 2019): 3005–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-pel.2019.0529.

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Müller, Samuel, David Maier, and Nejila Parspour. "Inductive Electrically Excited Synchronous Machine for Electrical Vehicles—Design, Optimization and Measurement." Energies 16, no. 4 (February 7, 2023): 1657. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16041657.

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The demand for electric machines has been rising steadily for several years—mainly due to the move away from the combustion engine. Synchronous motors with rare earth permanent magnets are widely used due to their high power densities. These magnets are cost-intensive, cost-sensitive and often environmentally harmful. In addition to dispensing with permanent magnets, electrically excited synchronous machines offer the advantage of an adjustable excitation and, thus, a higher efficiency in the partial load range in field weakening operation. Field weakening operation is relevant for the application of vehicle traction drive. The challenge of this machine type is the need for an electrical power transfer system, usually achieved with slip rings. Slip rings wear out, generate dust and are limited in power density and maximum speed due to vibrations. This article addresses an electrically excited synchronous machine with a wireless power transfer onto the rotor. From the outset, the machine is designed with a wireless power transfer system for use in a medium-sized electric vehicle. As an example, the requirements are derived from the BMW’s i3. The wireless power transfer system is integrated into the hollow shaft of the rotor. Unused space is thus utilized. The overall system is optimized for high efficiency, especially for partial load at medium speed, with an operation point-depending optimization method. The results are compared with the reference permanent magnet excited machine. A prototype of the machine is built and measured on the test bench. The measured efficiency of the inductive electrically excited synchronous machine is up to 4% higher than that of the reference machine of the BMW i3.

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Islam, Rejaul, S. M. Sajjad Hossain Rafin, and Osama A. Mohammed. "Comprehensive Review of Power Electronic Converters in Electric Vehicle Applications." Forecasting 5, no. 1 (December 29, 2022): 22–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/forecast5010002.

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Emerging electric vehicle (EV) technology requires high-voltage energy storage systems, efficient electric motors, electrified power trains, and power converters. If we consider forecasts for EV demand and driving applications, this article comprehensively reviewed power converter topologies, control schemes, output power, reliability, losses, switching frequency, operations, charging systems, advantages, and disadvantages. This article wasis article intended to help engineers and researchers forecast typical recharging/discharging durations, the lifetime of energy storage with the help of control systems and machine learning, and the performance probability of using AlGaN/GaN heterojunction-based high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs) in EV systems. The analysis of this extensive review paper suggests that the Vienna rectifier provides significant performance among all AC–DC rectifier converters. Moreover, the multi-device interleaved DC–DC boost converter is best suited for the DC–DC conversion stage. Among DC–AC converters, the third harmonic injected seven-level inverter is found to be one of the best in EV driving. Furthermore, the utilization of multi-level inverters can terminate the requirement of the intermediate DC–DC converter. In addition, the current status, opportunities, challenges, and applications of wireless power transfer in hybrid and all-electric vehicles were also discussed in this paper. Moreover, the adoption of wide bandgap semiconductors was considered. Because of their higher power density, breakdown voltage, and switching frequency characteristics, a light yet efficient power converter design can be achieved for EVs. Finally, the article’s intent was to provide a reference for engineers and researchers in the automobile industry for forecasting calculations.

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Kumar, Abhay, Manuele Bertoluzzo, Rupesh Kumar Jha, and Amritansh Sagar. "Analysis of Losses in Two Different Control Approaches for S-S Wireless Power Transfer Systems for Electric Vehicle." Energies 16, no. 4 (February 11, 2023): 1795. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16041795.

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This paper presents the study and detailed analysis of converter losses at different stages together with the series-series (S-S) compensating coils in wireless power transfer (WPT) systems, via two distinct approaches to control the power converters. The two approaches towards wireless DC–DC power flow control are termed as the Single Active High-Frequency Wireless Power Transfer (SAHFWPT) system and the Dual Active High-Frequency Wireless Power Transfer (DAHFWPT) system. The operation of converters in SAHFWPT and DAHFWPT are controlled by the extended phase shift (EPS) and dual phase shift method respectively. The general schematic of the SAHFWPT system consists of an active bridge and a passive bridge, while the schematic of the DAHFWPT system consists of both active bridges. The efficiency evolutions of ideal SAHFWPT and DAHFWPT are far away from the real ones. Moreover, this article analyzes the operation and losses of the uni-directional power flow of the WPT system, i.e., from the DC bus in the primary side to the battery load in the secondary side. The loss estimation includes high-frequency switching losses, conduction losses, hard turn on and turn off coil losses, etc. Moreover, the efficiency of the WPT system depends on operation of the converter. A 50 W–3600 W Power range system at a resonant frequency of 85 kHz is implemented in MATLAB/SIMULATION to demonstrate the validity of the proposed method.

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Ali, Esraa Mousa, Mohammad Alibakhshikenari, Bal S. Virdee, Mohammad Soruri, and Ernesto Limiti. "Efficient Wireless Power Transfer via Magnetic Resonance Coupling Using Automated Impedance Matching Circuit." Electronics 10, no. 22 (November 13, 2021): 2779. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10222779.

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In this paper, an automated impedance matching circuit is proposed to match the impedance of the transmit and receive resonators for optimum wireless power transfer (WPT). This is achieved using a 2D open-circuited spiral antenna with magnetic resonance coupling in the low-frequency ISM band at 13.56 MHz. The proposed WPT can be adopted for a wide range of commercial applications, from electric vehicles to consumer electronics, such as tablets and smartphones. The results confirm a power transfer efficiency between the transmit and receive resonant circuits of 92%, with this efficiency being sensitive to the degree of coupling between the coupled pair of resonators.

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Aydin, Emrullah, Mehmet Timur Aydemir, Ahmet Aksoz, Mohamed El Baghdadi, and Omar Hegazy. "Inductive Power Transfer for Electric Vehicle Charging Applications: A Comprehensive Review." Energies 15, no. 14 (July 6, 2022): 4962. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15144962.

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Nowadays, Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) technology is receiving more attention in the automotive sector, introducing a safe, flexible and promising alternative to the standard battery chargers. Considering these advantages, charging electric vehicle (EV) batteries using the WPT method can be an important alternative to plug-in charging systems. This paper focuses on the Inductive Power Transfer (IPT) method, which is based on the magnetic coupling of coils exchanging power from a stationary primary unit to a secondary system onboard the EV. A comprehensive review has been performed on the history of the evolution, working principles and phenomena, design considerations, control methods and health issues of IPT systems, especially those based on EV charging. In particular, the coil design, operating frequency selection, efficiency values and the preferred compensation topologies in the literature have been discussed. The published guidelines and reports that have studied the effects of WPT systems on human health are also given. In addition, suggested methods in the literature for protection from exposure are discussed. The control section gives the common charging control techniques and focuses on the constant current-constant voltage (CC-CV) approach, which is usually used for EV battery chargers.

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Bai, Hua Kevin, Daniel Costinett, Leon M. Tolbert, Ruiyang Qin, Liyan Zhu, Ziwei Liang, and Yang Huang. "Charging Electric Vehicle Batteries: Wired and Wireless Power Transfer: Exploring EV charging technologies." IEEE Power Electronics Magazine 9, no. 2 (June 2022): 14–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mpel.2022.3173543.

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Franky Devano, Sianturi Tigor, Taufik Hidayat, and Mudrik Alaydrus. "Improvement of power transfer efficiency of hexagonal coil arrays in misalignment conditions." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 22, no. 2 (May 1, 2021): 638. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v22.i2.pp638-647.

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Wireless charging by transferring energy between two objects using electromagnetic fields commonly called Wireless power transfer is an alternative technology that is physically installed in an electric vehicle (EV) to charge. Parking alignment is a very important factor in driver behavior that affects Power transfer efficiency (PTE). The proposed hexagonal coil array design in this experiment is to optimize PTE and receiver coil size. The experimental results show that PTE in the tangential boundary plane Misalignment increases by 5-10% when compared to coil array circles and increases by 82% when compared to single coil circles.

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Chung, Yoon Do, Chang Young Lee, Hyoungku Kang, and Young Gun Park. "Design Considerations of Superconducting Wireless Power Transfer for Electric Vehicle at Different Inserted Resonators." IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity 26, no. 4 (June 2016): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tasc.2016.2532904.

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Rehman, Masood, Zuhairi Baharudin, Perumal Nallagownden, and Badar Ul Islam. "Modelling and Efficiency-Analysis of Wireless Power Transfer using Magnetic Resonance Coupling." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 6, no. 3 (June 1, 2017): 563. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v6.i3.pp563-571.

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Wireless power transfer (WPT) system has got significant attention in recent years due to its applications in consumer electronics, medical implants and electric vehicles etc. WPT is a promising choice in situations, where the physical connectors can be unreliable and susceptible to failure. The efficiency of WPT system decreasing rapidly with increasing air-gap. Many circuit topologies have been employed to enhance the efficiency of the WPT system. This paper presents the modelling and performance analysis of resonant wireless power transfer (RWPT) system using series-parallel-mixed topology. The power transfer efficiency analysis of the model is investigated via circuit theory. S-parameters have been used for measuring power transfer efficiency. Transient analysis is performed to realize the behavior of voltage and current waveforms using advanced design system (ADS) software. The proposed model is tested with two amplitudes i.e. 100 V peak-to-peak and 110 V peak-to-peak at the same frequency of 365.1 kHz. The overall result shows that the series-parallel-mixed topology model has higher efficiency at low coupling factor (K) for both voltage amplitudes.

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Hu, Feng-Rung, and Jia-Sheng Hu. "On the Asymptotic Behavior and Parameter Estimation of a Double-Sided LCC-Compensated Wireless Power Transfer System." Machines 9, no. 11 (November 13, 2021): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines9110287.

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This study investigates the statistic behavior and parameter estimation problems of a double-sided, LCC-compensated, wireless power transfer system. Based on the commonly used wireless charging circuit model, this study proposes a five-step parameter estimation method, which is applicable to automotive static wireless charging systems. The eight parameters in the circuit model of this study are the most important key components of the wireless charging system. The study also found that, under certain conditions, the statistic mode of wireless charging systems has a specific distribution. However, the current status of these eight components for wireless charging of electric vehicles will have complex parameter drift problems. These drift problems will deteriorate the performance of the vehicle power systems. This study probes these factors and proposes some related mathematical theories. The noted factors can be applied to the analysis of the wireless charging system and provide alternative solutions to explain the deteriorations from coil misalignments. Both simulations and experiments are given to show the evaluated issues of the proposed study.

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Cruciani, Silvano, Tommaso Campi, Francesca Maradei, and Mauro Feliziani. "Electromagnetic Interference in a Buried Multiconductor Cable Due to a Dynamic Wireless Power Transfer System." Energies 15, no. 5 (February 23, 2022): 1645. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15051645.

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The aim of this study is to predict the electromagnetic interference (EMI) effect produced by a dynamic wireless power transfer (DWPT) system on a buried multiconductor signal cable. The short-track DWPT system architecture is here considered with an operating frequency of 85 kHz and maximum power transferred to an EV equal to 10 kW. The EMI source is the DWPT transmitting coil which is activated when a vehicle passes over it. The electric and magnetic fields in the earth produced by the DWPT coil currents are calculated numerically using the finite elements method (FEM). These fields are then used to derive the voltage and current sources that appear in the field-excited multiconductor transmission line (MTL) model, used for the buried shielded cable. The MTL is analyzed considering the first ten harmonics of the current. The currents and voltages at the terminal ends are calculated considering the wireless charging of a single electric vehicle (EV) first, and then the simultaneous charging of 10 EVs which absorb a total power of 100 kW. The preliminary results reveal possible EMI problems in underground cables.

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Venkatesan, Murugan, Narayanamoorthi Rajamanickam, Pradeep Vishnuram, Mohit Bajaj, Vojtech Blazek, Lukas Prokop, and Stanislav Misak. "A Review of Compensation Topologies and Control Techniques of Bidirectional Wireless Power Transfer Systems for Electric Vehicle Applications." Energies 15, no. 20 (October 21, 2022): 7816. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15207816.

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Owing to the constantly rising energy demand, Internal Combustion Engine (ICE)-equipped vehicles are being replaced by Electric Vehicles (EVs). The other advantage of using EVs is that the batteries can be utilised as an energy storage device to increase the penetration of renewable energy sources. Integrating EVs with the grid is one of the recent advancements in EVs using Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) technology. A bidirectional technique enables power transfer between the grid and the EV batteries. Moreover, the Bidirectional Wireless Power Transfer (BWPT) method can support consumers in automating the power transfer process without human intervention. However, an effective BWPT requires a proper vehicle and grid coordination with reasonable control and compensation networks. Various compensation techniques have been proposed in the literature, both on the transmitter and receiver sides. Selecting suitable compensation techniques is a critical task affecting the various design parameters. In this study, the basic compensation topologies of the Series–Series (SS), Series–Parallel (SP), Parallel–Parallel (PP), Parallel–Series (SP), and hybrid compensation topology design requirements are investigated. In addition, the typical control techniques for bidirectional converters, such as Proportional–Integral–Derivative (PID), sliding mode, fuzzy logic control, model predictive, and digital control, are discussed. In addition, different switching modulation schemes, including Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM) control, PWM + Phase Shift control, Single-Phase Shift, Dual-Phase Shift, and Triple-Phase Shift methods, are discussed. The characteristics and control strategies of each are presented, concerning the typical applications. Based on the review analysis, the low-power (Level 1/Level 2) charging applications demand a simple SS compensation topology with a PID controller and a Single-Phase Shift switching method. However, for the medium- or high-power applications (Level 3/Level 4), the dual-side LCC compensation with an advanced controller and a Dual-Side Phase-Shift switching pattern is recommended.

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Son, Seokhyeon, Seongho Woo, Haerim Kim, Jangyong Ahn, Sungryul Huh, Sanguk Lee, and Seungyoung Ahn. "Shielding Sensor Coil to Reduce the Leakage Magnetic Field and Detect the Receiver Position in Wireless Power Transfer System for Electric Vehicle." Energies 15, no. 7 (March 28, 2022): 2493. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15072493.

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This paper proposes a shielding sensor (SS) coil to solve the misalignment issue and the leakage magnetic field issue of the wireless power transfer (WPT) system for electric vehicles (EVs). The misalignment issue and leakage magnetic field issue must be solved because they can cause problems with power transfer efficiency reduction and electronic device malfunction. To solve these problems, the proposed SS coils are located over the Tx coil. The newly created mutual inductance between the Tx coil and the SS coil is used to detect the misalignment of the receiver in the Tx coil. In addition, the current phase of the SS coil is adjusted through impedance control of the SS coil to reduce the leakage magnetic field. The proposed SS coils were applied to the standard SAE J2954 model for the wireless charging of an EV. The WPT3/Z2 model of SAE J2954 with output power of 10 kW was simulated to compare the shielding effect according to the power transfer efficiency, and it was confirmed that a shielding effect of 76% was shown under the condition of a 3% reduction in the power transfer efficiency. In addition, the occurrence and direction of the misalignment between the receiver and the Tx coil were confirmed by using the tendency of mutual inductance between each SS coil and the Tx coil. In addition, as in the simulation result, the shielding effect and tendency were confirmed in an experiment conducted with the output power downscaled to 500 W.

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Nanda, Nadia Nazieha, Mohd Shahrin Abu Hanifah, Siti Hajar Yusoff, Nadirah Abdul Rahim, Mashkuri Yaacob, and Nurul Fadzlin Hasbullah. "In-depth perception of dynamic inductive wireless power transfer development: a review." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 12, no. 3 (September 1, 2021): 1459. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v12.i3.pp1459-1471.

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The emerging of inductive wireless power transfer (IWPT) technology provides more opportunities for the electric vehicle (EV) battery to have a better recharging process. With the development of IWPT technology, various way of wireless charging of the EV battery is proposed in order to find the best solution. To further understand the fundamentals of the IWPT system itself, an ample review is done. There are different ways of EV charging which are static charging (wired), static wireless charging (SWC) and dynamic wireless charging (DWC). The review starts with a brief comparison of static charging, SWC and DWC. Then, in detailed discussion on the fundamental concepts, related laws and equations that govern the IWPT principle are also included. In this review, the focus is more on the DWC with a little discussion on static charging and SWC to ensure in-depth understanding before one can do further research about the EV charging process. The in-depth perception regarding the development of DWC is elaborated together with the system architecture of the IWPT and DWC system and the different track versions of DWC, which is installable to the road lane.

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Wu, Lihao, Bo Zhang, and Jiali Zhou. "Efficiency Improvement of the Parity-Time-Symmetric Wireless Power Transfer System for Electric Vehicle Charging." IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 35, no. 11 (November 2020): 12497–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2020.2987132.

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Sahany, Siddharth, Sushree S. Biswal, Durga P. Kar, Pradyumna K. Sahoo, and Satyanarayan Bhuyan. "IMPACT OF FUNCTIONING PARAMETERS ON THE WIRELESS POWER TRANSFER SYSTEM USED FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING." Progress In Electromagnetics Research M 79 (2019): 187–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2528/pierm18092610.

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41

Arif, Syed Muhammad, Tek Tjing Lie, Boon Chong Seet, Soumia Ayyadi, and Kristian Jensen. "Review of Electric Vehicle Technologies, Charging Methods, Standards and Optimization Techniques." Electronics 10, no. 16 (August 9, 2021): 1910. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10161910.

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This paper presents a state-of-the-art review of electric vehicle technology, charging methods, standards, and optimization techniques. The essential characteristics of Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) and Electric Vehicle (EV) are first discussed. Recent research on EV charging methods such as Battery Swap Station (BSS), Wireless Power Transfer (WPT), and Conductive Charging (CC) are then presented. This is followed by a discussion of EV standards such as charging levels and their configurations. Next, some of the most used optimization techniques for the sizing and placement of EV charging stations are analyzed. Finally, based on the insights gained, several recommendations are put forward for future research.

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42

Simonazzi, Mattia, Leonardo Sandrolini, and Andrea Mariscotti. "Receiver–Coil Location Detection in a Dynamic Wireless Power Transfer System for Electric Vehicle Charging." Sensors 22, no. 6 (March 17, 2022): 2317. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22062317.

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Receiver position sensing is investigated in a dynamic wireless power transfer (DWPT) system for electric vehicle (EV) charging. Exploiting the peculiar behaviour of the resonator arrays input impedance, it is possible to identify the position of the receiver coil by exciting the first array resonator with a signal at a proper frequency and measuring the resulting current. An analytical expression of the input impedance of the resonator array coupled with the EV receiver coil placed in a generic position is provided; its sensitivity to different circuit parameters is also analysed. The outline of a simple and effective algorithm for the localization of the EV is proposed and applied to a test case.

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Wang, Wenbo, Junjun Deng, Zhenpo Wang, and Shuo Wang. "The Design and Optimization of Ground-Side Coils for Dynamic Wireless Power Transfer Considering Coupling Variations." Energies 15, no. 16 (August 22, 2022): 6075. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15166075.

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Dynamic wireless power transfer (DWPT) has attracted widespread attention for its charging flexibility; short-segmented DWPT systems are more suitable for EV charging scenarios because of their higher charging efficiency and lower electromagnetic radiation, compared to long-track DWPT systems. For short-segmented DWPT systems, the structural design of the ground-side coil affects the coupling characteristics of the system, while simultaneously the electric vehicle driving speed and coil arrangement also cause coupling variations, and this will inevitably have an impact on the system’s performance. Therefore, this paper demonstrates the coupler design of a short-segmented system for electric vehicles, focusing on the optimization of ground-side coil. The coupling variations causing by driving speed of EV and coil arrangement are taken into account. Considering the tradeoffs and restrictions, a multi-objective optimization process of coils in DWPT systems is proposed based on the Pareto optimizing method, with three objectives: transfer power, high efficiency and low cost. A reasonable optimal solution is selected from the Pareto front to verify the optimizing method through a constructed prototype.

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Rosu, Filip, and Alina Badescu. "Electric and Magnetic Design of a Deployable WPT System for Industrial and Defense UAV Applications." Electronics 10, no. 18 (September 13, 2021): 2252. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10182252.

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The following paper presents a highly efficient wireless power transfer (WPT) system for unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) applications. The proposed system is designed as a deployable landing pad, where UAVs can be efficiently charged at distances up to 20 cm, while the UAV is landing. The operation frequency is 50 kHz. The current work presents two major contributions that help improve this aspect: a novel RX charging pad geometry and an unconventional design of a low-voltage, high-power DC–AC inverter using discrete MOSFET transistors. Both the pad’s geometry and the inverter are designed specifically for UAV applications. The input DC to output AC system efficiency peaks at approximately 95%. The peak efficiency is obtained at power transfers of 625 W. A major difference between the present design and traditionally used state-of-the-art systems is the low DC supply voltage requirement of just 24 V, compared with typical values that range from 50 up to 300 V at similar output power.

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45

Krithika, Vaidyanathan, Murugan Nandhini, Chinnamuthu Subramani, Santhosh Rani Manoji Rao, Karpaga Meenakshi Sundaresan, Senthil Kiran Kumar, and Hemadri Naresh. "Wireless power transmission of mobile robot for target tracking." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 13, no. 3 (September 1, 2022): 1588. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v13.i3.pp1588-1598.

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The system is novel approach to combine wireless power transmission system (WPT) and automated guided vehicle (AGV). The wireless power transfer for charging the mobile robot is implemented using inductive coupling method. The system setup consists of transmitter coils whose switching action is controlled through transistors, receiver coil connected to full ridge rectifier and mobile robot. The track consists of number of transmitter coil which transmits power in form of electromagnetic waves. The receivers in the robot, which receives these waves and converts it back to electric power to charge the battery. The robot tracks its target destination based on the user command from the smart phone through Bluetooth. Very few theoretical researches are available on this field. A prototype was developed and tested based on the researches. The system achieves good range but falls short in efficiency to charge a battery, charging of battery takes longer time than regular charging time. Further research and extensive exploration can bring this technology from theory to practice.

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Thongpron, Jutturit, Wuttikai Tammawan, Teerasak Somsak, Wiwat Tippachon, Kosol Oranpiroj, Ekkachai Chaidee, and Anon Namin. "10 kW Inductive Wireless Power Transfer Prototype for EV Charging in Thailand." ECTI Transactions on Electrical Engineering, Electronics, and Communications 20, no. 1 (February 18, 2022): 83–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.37936/ecti-eec.2022201.246108.

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The electric vehicle (EV) market is rising despite the COVID-19 pandemic in Thailand and the rest of the world. The Energy Policy and Planning Office, Ministry of Energy, is supporting the development of EV charging stations in Thailand. However, recent research published by Thais on the subject does not involve more than 1.24 kW wireless power transfer (WPT), whereas commercial EVs need at least 3.5 kW charging facilities. This study aims to develop a 10 kW WPT for EV charging in Thailand. The experimental procedure firstly required the design of block ferrite EE55 cores. Secondly, the transmitter and receiver coils were constructed from homemade Litz wire. Thirdly, the prototype magnetic parameters were measured and simulated. A 10 kW high-frequency inverter was then built and tested. The 10 kW prototype IPT system was subsequently simulated, constructed, and characterized. The results revealed that when the prototype IPT system was applied to the resistive tungsten halogen load during the first stage of the research, at 369.4 V DC input voltage and 32.33 A DC input current, the DC output voltage, and currents were 362.4 V and 29.67 A, respectively, while the maximum DC output power and the dc-to-dc efficiency equated to 10.75 kW and 90.00%, respectively.

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Chen, Kaiwen, Jianfei Pan, Yun Yang, and Ka Wai Eric Cheng. "Optimization of Ferrites Structure by Using a New Core-Less Design Algorithm for Electric Vehicle Wireless Power Transfer." Energies 14, no. 9 (May 1, 2021): 2590. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14092590.

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In order to improve the customers’ continuous usage of electrical vehicles (EVs) and reduce the weight of the energy storage devices, wireless charging technology has been widely studied, updated, and commercialized in recent decades, regarding to its distinct superiority of great convenience and low risk. A higher coupling coefficient is the key factor that impacts the transmission efficiency, thus in most medium-power (hundreds of watts) to high-power (several kilowatts) wireless charging systems, ferrites are used to guide the magnetic flux and intensify the magnetic density. However, the weight of the ferrite itself puts an extra burden on the system, and the core loss during operation also reduces the total efficiency and output power. This paper proposes an optimized design algorithm based on a core-less method for the magnetic core, where the core loss and the coupling coefficient are consequently balanced, and the overall weight and efficiency of the system can be optimized. The iteration procedure is applied on the basis of removed ferrite length and thickness in the algorithm. In the simulation, a square coupler with a total volume of 300 mm × 150 mm, a circular coupler of 150 mm × 150 mm and a Double-D (DD) coupler of 300 mm × 150 mm are used to verify the advantages of the proposed method. The optimized ferrite structures are specific for each coupler shape, and the improvement is proved to be universal in current scale by means of 3-D finite element analysis.

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Shevchenko, Viktor, Bohdan Pakhaliuk, Janis Zakis, Oleksandr Veligorskyi, Jaroslaw Luszcz, Oleksandr Husev, Oleksandr Lytvyn, and Oleksandr Matiushkin. "Closed-Loop Control System Design for Wireless Charging of Low-Voltage EV Batteries with Time-Delay Constraints." Energies 14, no. 13 (June 30, 2021): 3934. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14133934.

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This paper presents an inductive power transfer system on the basis of a double single-phase three-level T-type inverter and two split transmitting coils for constant current and constant voltage wireless charging of low-voltage light electric vehicle batteries with closed-loop control, considering time-delay communication constraints. An optimal control structure and a modified control strategy were chosen and implemented to the wireless power transfer system as a result of a review and analysis of existing solutions. The control system analysis and adjustment of the coefficients of the regulator using Laplace transform were performed. Our study addressed the behavior of the control system with different time delays as well as the dynamic response of the system. The detecting algorithm of a secondary coil was proposed, which ensured efficient system operation and increased the functionality, safety and usability of the device. The efficiency of energy transfer of 90% was reached at the transmitted power of 110 W, which is at the level of existing solutions considered in the article and opens the way to the commercialization of the proposed solution. Therefore, the feasibility of using a nonclassical multilevel inverter, together with split transmitting coils for wireless charging was confirmed.

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Chung, Yoon Do, Chang Young Lee, Hyoung Ku Kang, and Young Gun Park. "Design Consideration and Efficiency Comparison of Wireless Power Transfer With HTS and Cooled Copper Antennas for Electric Vehicle." IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity 25, no. 3 (June 2015): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tasc.2014.2387111.

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He, Zhengwang, Zhiyong Li, Ruoyue Wang, Ying Fan, and Minqian Xu. "A New Arrangement of Active Coils for Wireless Charging of UAV." Energies 14, no. 18 (September 13, 2021): 5754. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14185754.

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This paper presents the design and optimization of a wireless power transfer (WPT) charging system based on magnetically coupled resonant technology, applied to an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). In this paper, a charging system, including dual active transmitter coils and a single receiver coil, is proposed. The dual transmitting coils adopt a coaxial structure with different radii. This structure simplifies the calculation of the complex mutual inductance between the coils to a function of mutual inductance only related to the value of the radial misalignment. Aiming toward a constant charging power, the optimal transmission efficiency of electric energy is achieved by controlling the input voltages of the active coils, which are solved via a set of equations defined as Lagrange multipliers. The simulation results of the 570 V and 85,000 Hz system verified the validity of the proposed wireless UAV charging scheme.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Wireless Power Transfer, Electric Vehicle, Power Electronics'

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