Journal articles on the topic 'Wired telecommunication networks'
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Arseni, Paolo, Gennaro Boggia, and Pietro Camarda. "Modeling Telecommunication Infrastructures Integrating Wideband Wireless and Wired Networks." SIMULATION 78, no. 3 (March 2002): 173–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0037549702078003528.
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Nakayama, Yu, and Kazuki Maruta. "Analysis of Nonlinear Bypass Route Computation for Wired and Wireless Network Cooperation Recovery System." Big Data and Cognitive Computing 2, no. 3 (September 3, 2018): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bdcc2030028.
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It is a significant issue for network carriers to immediately restore telecommunication services when a disaster occurs. A wired and wireless network cooperation (NeCo) system was proposed to address this problem. The goal of the NeCo system is quick and high-throughput recovery of telecommunication services in the disaster area using single-hop wireless links backhauled by wired networks. It establishes wireless bypass routes between widely deployed leaf nodes to relay packets to and from dead nodes whose normal wired communication channels are disrupted. In the previous study, the optimal routes for wireless links were calculated to maximize the expected physical layer throughput by solving a binary integer programming problem. However, the routing method did not consider throughput reduction caused by sharing of wireless resources among dead nodes. Therefore, this paper proposes a nonlinear bypass route computation method considering the wireless resource sharing among dead nodes for the NeCo system. Monte Carlo base approach is applied since the nonlinear programming problem is difficult to solve. The performance of the proposed routing method is evaluated with computer simulations and it was confirmed that bandwidth division loss can be avoided with the proposed method.
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Kelen, András. "Telephony in an Era of Network Cornucopia - Strategic Considerations on the Declining Value of Proprietary Networks." Acta Oeconomica 55, no. 1 (March 1, 2005): 23–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aoecon.55.2005.1.2.
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This study focuses on the strategic management consequences of technology development. Business policy considerations are predicated on the overall assumption that the multiplication of broadband telecommunication networks, capable of delivering both voice and data bits of information, has led telephone companies into a competitive situation where they are compelled to decrease their interconnection fees. All over the world there is an observable trend towards a cornucopia of networks and a glut of bandwidth. This means that legislation putting a cap on connection fees will only conserve a business situation that is gone long ago. Browsing the classical literature on telecommunication regulation, this study on business policy argues that instead of waiting for legislation - that is far too late to orient companies what to do policy-wise with the imminent new market situation -, wireless carriers should rather start emphasising the design of new, value-added services. Such a change of emphasis - turning away from the provision of connectivity alone - can help them achieve some added value and remain in business. Otherwise, they may soon follow the path of a slow corporate funeral following their wired brethren.
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Yigitcanlar, Tan, and Jung Hoon Han. "Ubiquitous Eco Cities." International Journal of Advanced Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing 2, no. 1 (January 2010): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/japuc.2010010101.
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Efficient and effective urban management systems for Ubiquitous Eco Cities require having intelligent and integrated management mechanisms. This integration includes bringing together economic, socio-cultural and urban development with a well-orchestrated, transparent and open decision-making system and necessary infrastructure and technologies. In Ubiquitous Eco Cities, telecommunication technologies play an important role in monitoring and managing activities via wired and wireless networks. Particularly, technology convergence creates new ways in which information and telecommunication technologies are used and formed the backbone of urban management. The 21st century is an era where information has converged, in which people are able to access a variety of services, including internet- and location- based services, through multi-functional devices and provides new opportunities in the management of Ubiquitous Eco Cities. This paper discusses developments in telecommunication infrastructure and trends in convergence technologies and their implications on the management of Ubiquitous Eco Cities.
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Pavlovs, D., V. Bobrovs, M. Parfjonovs, A. Alsevska, and G. Ivanovs. "Evaluation of Signal Regeneration Impact on the Power Efficiency of Long-Haul DWDM Systems." Latvian Journal of Physics and Technical Sciences 54, no. 5 (October 26, 2017): 68–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/lpts-2017-0035.
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Abstract Due to potential economic benefits and expected environmental impact, the power consumption issue in wired networks has become a major challenge. Furthermore, continuously increasing global Internet traffic demands high spectral efficiency values. As a result, the relationship between spectral efficiency and energy consumption of telecommunication networks has become a popular topic of academic research over the past years, where a critical parameter is power efficiency. The present research contains calculation results that can be used by optical network designers and operators as guidance for developing more power efficient communication networks if the planned system falls within the scope of this paper. The research results are presented as average aggregated traffic curves that provide more flexible data for the systems with different spectrum availability. Further investigations could be needed in order to evaluate the parameters under consideration taking into account particular spectral parameters, e.g., the entire C-band.
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Ghazali, Nurul Bashirah, Dang Fillatina Hashim, Fauziahanim Che Seman, Khalid Isa, Khairun Nidzam Ramli, Zuhairiah Zainal Abidin, Saizalmursidi Md Mustam, and Mohammed Al Haek. "Cable fault classification in ADSL copper access network using machine learning." International Journal of Advances in Intelligent Informatics 7, no. 3 (November 30, 2021): 318. http://dx.doi.org/10.26555/ijain.v7i3.488.
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Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL) is the technology widely deployed worldwide, but its performance may be limited with respect to its intrinsic. The nature of the copper cable causes it to be more susceptible to signal degradation and faulty line. Common ADSL line faults are short-wired fault, open-wired fault, bridge taps, and uneven pair. However, ADSL technology is still one of the most established networks, and users in the suburban area still depend on the technology to access the internet service. This paper discussed and compared a machine learning algorithm based on Decision Trees (J48), K-Nearest Neighbor, Multi-level Perceptron, Naïve Bayes, Random Forest, and Sequential Minimal Optimization (SMO) for ADSL line impairment that affects the line operation performance concerning their percentage of accuracy. Resulting from classifications done using algorithms as mentioned above, the random forest algorithm gives the highest overall accuracy for the ADSL line impairment dataset. The best algorithm for classifying DSL line impairment is chosen based on the highest accuracy percentage. The accomplishment classification of fault type in the ADSL copper access network project may benefit the telecommunication network provider by remotely assessing the network condition rather than on-site.
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Ali, Farman, Shabbir Ahmad, Fazal Muhammad, Ziaul Haq Abbas, Usman Habib, and Sunghwan Kim. "Adaptive Equalization for Dispersion Mitigation in Multi-Channel Optical Communication Networks." Electronics 8, no. 11 (November 17, 2019): 1364. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8111364.
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Optical communication networks (OCNs) provide promising and cost-effective support for the ultra-fast broadband solutions, thus enabling them to address the ever growing demands of telecommunication industry such as high capacity and end users’ data rate. OCNs are used in both wired and wireless access networks as they offer many advantages over conventional copper wire transmission such as low power consumption, low cost, ultra-high bandwidth, and high transmission rates. Channel effects caused by light propagation through the fiber limits the performance, hence the data rate of the overall transmission. To achieve the maximum performance gain in terms of transmission rate through the OCN, an optical downlink system is investigated in this paper using feed forward equalizer (FFE) along with decision feedback equalizer (DFE). The simulation results show that the proposed technique plays a key role in dispersion mitigation in multi-channel optical transmission to uphold multi-Gb/s transmission. Moreover, bit error rate (BER) and quality factor (Q-factor) below 10 − 5 and above 5, respectively, are achieved with electrical domain equalizers for the OCN in the presence of multiple distortion effects showing the effectiveness of the proposed adaptive equalization techniques.
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Ekwem, Edith N., and Kashif Nisar. "An Experimental Study." International Journal of Advanced Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing 6, no. 3 (July 2014): 35–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijapuc.2014070103.
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A network whose interconnections between nodes are implemented without using wires is referred to as wireless network and is usually related to a telecommunication network. As related to wired local area network, wireless channels are error-prone. Performance study and optimization of Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) becomes more essential as its gaining popularity. For performance modelling and evaluation of wireless networks, computer simulation has become one of most widespread tools. While numerous network simulators exist for building a variety of network models, selecting a good network simulator tool is vital in modelling and performance study of wireless networks. Optimized Network Engineering Tools (OPNET) Modeller available to academic institutions at no cost is becoming one of the most widespread network simulators. In this study, the authors used OPNET Modeller 14.5 simulator tool to develop and validate a model for campus based WLAN. The results are expected to display that OPNET Modeller offers credible simulation outcomes close to a genuine system. The effect of network parameters such as the processing time on the performance metrics such as delay and throughput of the various scenarios in the entire network was investigated. The analysis of the results from the simulations carried out can assist the management of computer centre that manages the network in identifying the bottleneck node on the network and for future network capacity building. However, this wireless network involves too many numbers of users which OPNET is not capable to simulate; the authors limited the network to only users in the computer building.
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Sheng, Hong Yu, Xiao Lei Sun, Dong Wan, and Yue Yue Wang. "Wireless Sensor Network for Remote Monitoring and Trouble Shooting." Advanced Materials Research 433-440 (January 2012): 4235–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.433-440.4235.
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The article studies the wireless sensor network technology, using its features and functionality such as low-power, self-organization of networks and short-distance wireless transmission, integrating sensor technology, embedded computing technology, distributed data processing technology and telecommunication technology to transmit sample data into terminals. It solved the cost and the on-site maintenance problems in the wired sensor solution, and the high cost, high energy consumption, low stability and short lifespan problems in the sensor nodes under high-pressure en-vironment. By introducing two project cases including the application in the drug storage in Beijing Double-Crane Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd and the application in temperature control of high-voltage bus bars and high-voltage switches, the article analyses the application of wireless sensor network technology in remote monitoring and trouble shooting and its outlook, but providing the most straightforward and reliable data evidence for corporation steering committee and executives to mi-nimize risks and accidents. It is proved that the research results have significant practical value.
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Bang, Inkyu, Hyunwoo Nam, Woohyuk Chang, Taehoon Kim, Jong-Myung Woo, Choul-Young Kim, Tae-Won Ban, Pangun Park, and Bang Jung. "Channel Measurement and Feasibility Test for Wireless Avionics Intra-Communications." Sensors 19, no. 6 (March 14, 2019): 1294. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19061294.
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Wireless avionics intra-communication (WAIC) refers to a wireless communication system among electronic components (e.g., sensors and actuators) that are integrated or installed in an aircraft and it is proposed to replace heavy and expensive wired communication cables. Recently, the use of a frequency band (4.2–4.4 GHz) for the WAIC (so-called, WAIC band) has been approved by international telecommunication union (ITU). Accordingly, several existing wireless protocols such as IEEE 802.11 and IEEE 802.15 are being considered as candidate techniques for the intra-avionics sensor network. In this paper, we perform a real field experiment to investigate wireless channel characteristics in intra-avionics sensor networks at the WAIC bands by a software-defined radio platform (universal software radio peripheral, USRP) and self-produced monopole antennas for the WAIC band. Through the experiment, we validated the feasibility of IEEE 802.11 protocol for the intra-avionics sensor network at the WAIC band in real aircraft environments. Furthermore, based on the measurement data, we evaluated the bit error rate (BER) performance of multiple antenna techniques where we considered the maximum ratio combining (MRC) for the multi-antenna receiver and the space-time block coding (STBC) for the multi-antenna transmitter.
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Smoliar, V., І. Sliusar, I. Chernytska, V. Knysh, and О. Orysenko. "INCREASING THE PRODUCTIVITY OF THE BRIDGE CRANE DUE TO THE INTRODUCTION OF ARDUINO'S HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE BASE IN ITS CONTROL SYSTEM." Системи управління, навігації та зв’язку. Збірник наукових праць 3, no. 49 (July 3, 2018): 143–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.26906/sunz.2018.3.143.
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The research results of the possibility of increasing the productivity of the bridge crane through the introduction of hardware and software base Arduino in its control system are given in the article. The indexes of technical productivity of batch operation lift and carry machines of periodic action are analyzed and the working cycle duration has been shortened. Several cases (successive execution –- each subsequent movement only begins after the end of the previous one; partial combination – combine only a few separate movements are combined; full alignment – all crane movements with the load are combined in time) is considered. In this article, based on the results of the analysis, the control of the load-lifting machine was built due to of the introduction of telecommunication systems and technologies, namely the use of microcontrollers with the implementation of control using wired (Ethernet) or wireless (Bluetooth, Wi-Fi) network. Because there is the need to increase the productivity of lift and carry machines, to improve the working conditions of personnel, to improve the reliability and durability of machine elements, causes the creation of new, more advanced systems of machine management and partial or complete automation of their work. Safety in the production will increase significantly with this technology, as it will be possible to implement protection against overload, excess speed, rocking, moving cargo to areas where people are located and so on the results of the article are shown. Crane management can be done either from the operator's cab, directly controlled by the controller, or remotely, by transmitting signals over wired (Ethernet) or wireless (Bluetooth, Wi-Fi) networks.
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Bondarenko, Leonid, Mykola Masesov, Katerina Buzayeva, Iryna Hurzhii, Oksana Ilienko, and Viktor Gnatyuk. "Method of Calculation the Accessibility of the Information and Telecommunication Networks of the Tactical Link of Management." International Journal of Computer Network and Information Security 13, no. 5 (October 8, 2021): 68–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5815/ijcnis.2021.05.06.
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The article reflects the views of the authors on the method for the operational calculation of the indicator of the functioning of special-purpose information and telecommunication networks of the tactical level of control according to the criterion of "network availability". Improvement of weapons and military equipment, forms and methods of combat, as well as a change in views on command and control, put forward ever more stringent requirements for the information and telecommunication system in general and for its elements in particular. The problems of development, planning of combat use and operation of information and telecommunication networks of the tactical control level are their heterogeneity, since they use heterogeneous transmission systems (radio and wire) together. The characteristic features of the planning, deployment and operation of information and telecommunication networks of the tactical control level are a high degree of uncertainty in the characteristics of their functioning and the lack of initial data in planning, which necessitates the improvement of the methodological basis for conducting operational calculations. Based on the analysis of ITU-T recommendations, scientific publications and the practice of combat use of the defense forces, it becomes clear that the operational calculation of individual criteria and indicators of the functioning of information and telecommunication systems of the tactical control level needs to be improved, since these systems have their own characteristic features. The material presented in the article makes it possible to develop new approaches to solving the problem of a reasonable calculation of the required bandwidth of the access node of the information and telecommunications network of the tactical control link. The significance and value of this study lies in the fact that in the conditions of continuous improvement of the forms and methods of warfare, high dynamism of changes in the states of information and telecommunication systems of the tactical control level, the correct choice of the apparatus for assessing the decisions made should play a decisive role in shortening the deployment planning cycle and sustainable functioning of the system management.
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Vox, Giuliano, Pierfrancesco Losito, Fabio Valente, Rinaldo Consoletti, Giacomo Scarascia-Mugnozza, Evelia Schettini, Cristoforo Marzocca, and Francesco Corsi. "A wireless telecommunications network for real-time monitoring of greenhouse microclimate." Journal of Agricultural Engineering 45, no. 2 (October 2, 2014): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/jae.2014.237.
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An innovative wireless monitoring system for measuring greenhouse climatic parameters was developed to overcome the problems related to wires cabling such as presence of a dense net of wires hampering the cultivation practices, wires subjected to high temperature and relative humidity, rodents that can damage wires. The system exploits battery-powered environmental sensors, such as air temperature and relative humidity sensors, wind speed and direction, and solar radiation sensors, integrated in the contest of an 802.15.4-based wireless sensors network. Besides, a fruit diameter measurement sensor was integrated into the system. This approach guarantees flexibility, ease of deployment and low power consumption. Data collected from the greenhouse are then sent to a remote server via a general packet radio service link. The proposed solution has been implemented in a real environment. The test of the communication system showed that 0.3% of the sent data packed were lost; the climatic parameters measured with the wireless system were compared with data collected by the wired system showing a mean value of the absolute difference equal to 0.6°C for the value of the greenhouse air temperature. The wireless climate monitoring system showed a good reliability, while the sensor node batteries showed a lifetime of 530 days.
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Farshad, Nasimi Khameneh, and Syuhaimi Ab Rahman Mohammad. "Optimizing In-Vehicle Multiplexed Network Using WDM over POF." Applied Mechanics and Materials 663 (October 2014): 675–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.663.675.
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The past decade was huge challenge for vehicle industries to upgrade their on-board networks using several software technologies (multiplexed networks) but the hardware still is untouched. Now in-vehicle network is a complex of tens electronic controllers and hundreds sensors and actuators. Even telecommunication and multimedia became inevitable vehicle’s features with increasing day to day demands. Today copper wires are the constant option as transmission medium in current vehicles networks and they cannot provide proper bandwidth for such high speed applications. Although the MOST (Media Oriented Systems Transport) company started to apply POF for their multimedia network, other networks still are working on the copper wires with their barriers. This paper is suggesting a network model which can be applied to the current networks and replace copper wires with POF. As a new step in the on-board networking in automobiles authors suggested and examined Wavelength Division multiplexing (WDM) over POF in order to use its benefits to integrate different networks and optimize existing communication techniques. The results are base on the automotive-matched standards experiments.
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Arif, Rabbai San, Yuli Fitrisia, and Agus Urip Ari Wibowo. "Implementasi Voip Server Berbasis IPV6 Dengan Raspberry PI." Manutech : Jurnal Teknologi Manufaktur 9, no. 01 (May 7, 2019): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.33504/manutech.v9i01.32.
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Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) is a telecommunications technology that is able to pass the communication service in Internet Protocol networks so as to allow communicating between users in an IP network. However VoIP technology still has weakness in the Quality of Service (QoS). VOPI weaknesses is affected by the selection of the physical servers used. In this research, VoIP is configured on Linux operating system with Asterisk as VoIP application server and integrated on a Raspberry Pi by using wired and wireless network as the transmission medium. Because of depletion of IPv4 capacity that can be used on the network, it needs to be applied to VoIP system using the IPv6 network protocol with supports devices. The test results by using a wired transmission medium that has obtained are the average delay is 117.851 ms, jitter is 5.796 ms, packet loss is 0.38%, throughput is 962.861 kbps, 8.33% of CPU usage and 59.33% of memory usage. The analysis shows that the wired transmission media is better than the wireless transmission media and wireless-wired.
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Nunn, Samuel. "Public Rights-Of-Way, Public Management, and the New Urban Telecommunications Infrastructure." Public Works Management & Policy 3, no. 1 (July 1998): 51–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087724x9800300105.
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Public right-of-way (PROW) is prime real estate for the telecommunications industry. Cable television and wired and wireless networks are the latest to seek PROW, and conflicts occur among local governments, utility systems, telecommunications providers, and the federal government. Should local governments profit from ownership of PROW or should utility and telecommunications interests be permitted to capture the profit generated from establishing networks that use extensive PROW? This question is analyzed, resulting in four key findings. First, historically, private utilities had the upper hand in right-of-way (ROW) occupancy, using bribery, negotiation, and eminent domain. Second, local jurisdictions have a defensible rationale for PROW management, but the change from wired to wireless systems is weakening municipal control. Third, federal law has set the parameters of local control of telecommunications PROW. Fourth, local PROW management can be reduced to a set of fee-based policies designed to allow jurisdictions to recover costs associated with controlling ROW.
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El Emary, Ibrahiem Mahmoud Mohamed. "Management and Challenges Facing Wireless Sensor Networks in Telemedicine Applications." International Journal of Healthcare Delivery Reform Initiatives 2, no. 4 (October 2010): 39–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-61520-805-0.ch009.
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This chapter focuses on the management process of the wireless sensor networks in telemedicine applications. The main management tasks that are reported and addressed covers: topology management, privacy and security issues in WSN management, topology management algorithms, and route management schemes. Also, failure detection in WSN and fault management application using MANNA was presented and discussed. The major challenges and design issues facing WSN management was touched in a separate section. Typical telemedicine interactions involve both store-and-forward and live interaction. Both the traditional live and store-and-forward telemedicine systems provide an extension of healthcare services using fixed telecommunications networks (i.e. non-mobile). Various telemedicine solutions have been proposed and implemented since its initial use some 30 years ago in the fixed network environment using wired telecommunications networks (e.g. digital subscriber line). Technological advancements in wireless communications systems, namely wireless personal area networks (WPANs), wireless local area networks (WLANs), WiMAX broadband access, and cellular systems (2.5G, 3G and beyond 3G) now have the potential to significantly enhance telemedicine services by creating a flexible and heterogeneous network within an end-to-end telemedicine framework. In the future, integrating wireless solutions into healthcare delivery may well come to be a requirement, not just a differentiator, for accurate and efficient healthcare delivery. However, this raises some very significant challenges in terms of interoperability, performance and the security of such systems.
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Ghannoum, E., J. P. Chouteau, M. Miron, S. Yaacoub, and K. Yoshida. "Optical ground wire for Hydro-Quebec's telecommunication network." IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 10, no. 4 (1995): 1724–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/61.473388.
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Kholmuratovich, Khursanov Rustam. "Legal Regulation Of Telecommunication Services Under The Legislation Of Uzbekistan." American Journal of Social Science and Education Innovations 03, no. 06 (June 1, 2021): 185–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajssei/volume03issue06-31.
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To date, the introduction of new methods in the telecommunication service and the quality changes in this area of the service require such improvements in the legal order. These aspects are also reflected in the legal regulation of the telecommunication service. The provision of telecommunication involves a complex set of actions of the participants of this legal relationship, such as the acquisition of technical means, the use of technical means and in this connection the installation of this or that material, their maintenance, repair of these devices in case of necessity. In this sense, the relations of telecommunication services include the impersonation of certain signs of the energy supply contract. First of all, in the power supply contract, the power supply organization also supplies energy to the subscriber through the connected network. The telecommunication service also requires the presence of an adjoining network. Therefore, subscriber is connected directly with the service provider through telephone wires and on the basis of the specified number, a telephone connection service is provided to him. Meanwhile, a contract is concluded with a person who has certain equipment in the energy supply contract. This is exactly the case in the contract for the provision of telecommunication services.
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Mercy, Mbise, and Simba Fatuma. "Performance Evaluation of UDSM Network to Deliver Multimedia eLearning Contents: Case of CoICT." Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology 41, no. 4 (December 31, 2022): 205–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.52339/tjet.v41i4.860.
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The use of technology in education in Sub-Saharan Africa has been reported to be hindered by many factors including inadequate Information and Communication Technology (ICT) infrastructure, low internet speed, and lack of skills to use educational technologies. This paper aim at evaluating how the available ICT infrastructure at the College of Information and Communication Technologies (CoICT) can support, with acceptable Quality of Service (QoS), the delivery of multimedia applications for eLearning services. The evaluation was performed over a network testbed implemented in a computer laboratory for wired and wireless connections. The testbed consisted of five personal computers (PCs) connected via a switch and a router to the internet for the wired connection. The wireless connection consisted of three PCs and a laptop connected through a switch and a router to the internet via a wireless access point. Four different multimedia applications were run through the PCs, and traffic data was mirrored and captured at one of the PC using Wireshark network analyzer. The traffic included streamed and conversational video and audio using YouTube and Zoom applications, respectively; interactive web browsing using web browsers; bulk file transfer, and a mixture of all applications running on the computers. Traffic data captured during the running of these applications were packet loss, delay, jitter, and throughput. The QoS performance parameters obtained were within the acceptable threshold values as per International Telecommunication Union, Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) values. Results revealed that ICT infrastructure at CoICT can support delivery of multimedia content for eLearning purposes for both wired and wireless connections. Having the infrastructure capable of supporting multimedia applications with the acceptable QoS implies that instructors are equipped with a conducive environment that supports multimedia application. Hence, they are expected to use and continue using educational technologies to facilitate teaching and learning processes.
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Soós, Gábor, Dániel Ficzere, Tamás Seres, Sándor Veress, and István Németh. "Business opportunities and evaluation of non-public 5G cellular networks – a survey." Infocommunications journal 12, no. 3 (2020): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.36244/icj.2020.3.5.
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The family of cellular mobile telecommunications standards – including 5G – is mostly defined by the 3GPP standardizing organization. While these are well known in are unfamiliar with the concepts and the content of these documents. It is essential to define and designate how 5G is different from existing wired and wireless technologies, what are the main business benefits, and what are the key potential areas according to the new technology achievements. In our work, we present some fundamental aspects of the 5G business potential, where the key motives lay regarding the Industry 4.0 revolution and the innovation of 5G industrial architectures, including vendors, industrial players, and network operators.
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N., Dr Bhalaji. "Reliable Data Transmission with Heightened Confidentiality and Integrity in IOT Empowered Mobile Networks." Journal of ISMAC 2, no. 2 (May 9, 2020): 106–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.36548/jismac.2020.2.004.
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The revolution caused by the communication without wires has brought in multitudes of basic modifications in the data network and the telecommunication, making the integrated networks a reality. The further advancements in the wireless communication has enabled to set personal networks using the portable devices, and are termed as the adhoc networks. The networks formed under specific circumstances or a reason could follow any one of the topology to convey the information. W ireless mesh network is the form of such network mentioned above that organized in a mesh topology. This network formed in mesh topology contains several consumers who are arranged in the distributed manner and forward the packets in a one or more than one hop model. The protocols that help in sorting out the path for sending and receiving the information are has a vital influence over the network in mesh topology as they affect the throughput, life of established links etc. Integrating the wireless mesh topology to the internet of things has improved the way of information sharing by linking multitudes tangible things around. The mesh topology wireless networks formed using the portable devices or other –wise called as the mobile networks that are connected over internet are open to security breaches as the mesh holds few nodes that are malicious. This makes the information conveyed to be either compromised or manipulated. The article in order to ensure the reliability in the transmission of the data with the heightened confidentiality and integrity in the IOT empowered mobile networks proposes a routing strategy that is robust across the consumers in mesh, the gateway and the routers. The channels across the devices in the mesh are formed based on the efficiency of the connections for the distribution of the data. The simulation process of the proposed work using the network simulator 2 shows the performance improvement of the proposed work with respect to throughput of the network, packet loss rate, packet delivery rate, latency, energy efficiency and the computational overhead.
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Asif, Rameez, and William J. Buchanan. "Quantum-to-the-Home: Achieving Gbits/s Secure Key Rates via Commercial Off-the-Shelf Telecommunication Equipment." Security and Communication Networks 2017 (2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/7616847.
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There is current significant interest in Fiber-to-the-Home (FTTH) networks, that is, end-to-end optical connectivity. Currently, it may be limited due to the presence of last-mile copper wire connections. However, in near future, it is envisaged that FTTH connections will exist, and a key offering would be the possibility of optical encryption that can best be implemented using Quantum Key Distribution (QKD). However, it is very important that the QKD infrastructure is compatible with the already existing networks for a smooth transition and integration with the classical data traffic. In this paper, we report the feasibility of using off-the-shelf telecommunication components to enable high performance Continuous Variable-Quantum Key Distribution (CV-QKD) systems that can yield secure key rates in the range of 100 Mbits/s under practical operating conditions. Multilevel phase modulated signals (m-PSK) are evaluated in terms of secure key rates and transmission distances. The traditional receiver is discussed, aided by the phase noise cancellation based digital signal processing module for detecting the complex quantum signals. Furthermore, we have discussed the compatibility of multiplexers and demultiplexers for wavelength division multiplexed Quantum-to-the-Home (QTTH) network and the impact of splitting ratio is analyzed. The results are thoroughly compared with the commercially available high-cost encryption modules.
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Komarova, Natalia V., Sergey I. Slav, and Anastasia M. Tikhomirova. "Strategic analysis of the demand for satellite communication services in the telecommunications market and construction of marketing strategy." Revista de la Universidad del Zulia 13, no. 36 (December 30, 2021): 257–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.46925//rdluz.36.17.
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The article focuses on the strategic analysis of the demand for satellite communications services in the telecommunications market, degree of development of the problem, object, topic, initial assumption and goal of the research. A study of the telecommunications market by its key segments was carried out. The classification of key segments was chosen based on the criterion of the list’s minimalism and not allowing double accounting of revenue, which is possible with B2B and then B2C chains. The most rapidly developing segment of the market, which is mobile communications, has been identified. The problems and prospects of the development of such market segments as mobile communications, fixed voice telephony, broadband Internet access and television are studied. The revenue’s distribution of the global telecommunications market by regions is considered. The change in the cost of mobile Internet in the countries of the world and the correlation of mobile communication’s price with the cost of signal delivery lines to base stations are determined. The introduction coefficient of broadband Internet access provided by such wired lines as an optical fiber communication line, twisted pair and power supply lines of the network is considered.
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Debita, Grzegorz, Przemyslaw Falkowski-Gilski, Marcin Habrych, Bogdan Miedzinski, Bartosz Polnik, Jan Wandzio, and Przemyslaw Jedlikowski. "Subjective and Objective Quality Evaluation Study of BPL-PLC Wired Medium." Elektronika ir Elektrotechnika 26, no. 3 (June 26, 2020): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.eie.26.3.25794.
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This paper presents results of research on the effectiveness of bi-directional voice transmission in a 6 kV mine cable network using BPL-PLC (Broadband over Power Line - Power Line Communication) technology. It concerns both emergency cable state (supply outage with cable shorted at both ends) and loaded with distorted current waveforms. The narrowband (0.5 MHz–15 MHz) and broadband (two different modes, frequency range of 3 MHz–7.5 MHz) transmission efficiency, considered as an objective study, was correlated with the level of noise in the cable for both induction-inductive and mixed capacitive-inductive coupling of the measurement devices and/or modems. The quality of voice transmission, considered as a subjective study, was assessed by a group of 15 people aged between 25 and 35 years old. The test audio signals included samples in 3 languages sourced from ITU (International Telecommunication Union) and processed in 3 bitrates ranging from 8 kbps to 24 kbps.
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Ramanatt, Peter Reji, K. Natarajan, and K. R. Shobha. "Challenges in implementing a wireless avionics network." Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 92, no. 3 (February 7, 2020): 482–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aeat-07-2019-0144.
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Purpose Aircraft manufacturers for a long time have been looking to reduce the weight of on board equipment to enhance performance both from commercial aspect and from military aspect. The existing wired technology, using cables to connect different on board line replaceable unit apart from increasing the weight also increases the complexity related to electromagnetic interference, installation and maintenance. With continuous technology upgradation in the wireless domain, aviation industry is in the process of using wireless technology for intra-aircraft communication. Wireless technology can meet most of the challenges of modern avionics systems and significantly reduce the weight. This paper aims to look at various aspects of implementing a wireless network including issues related to wired network, aircraft channel, interference issues, suitable wireless protocols for aircraft applications and security aspects. Design/methodology/approach The paper has relied on literature study on wireless avionics intra-communications (WAIC) and the research work carried out in specific areas related to channel inside an aircraft, interference issues of wireless systems with onboard and external systems operating in the same band and security issues related to wireless network and security requirements of implementing an avionics wireless network (AWN). To identify suitable wireless protocol for AWN literature review and simulation to compare different protocols was carried out. Findings A single wireless protocol may not be suitable for all aircraft systems, and therefore, there may be a requirement to use multiple technologies. Mutual interference is not expected between WAIC systems with on board and external systems operating in the same band. The channel inside an aircraft is expected to be Rician (LOS) or Rayleigh (NLOS). However, additional measurements may have to be undertaken to have a generalized channel model. Security aspects in an AWN are critical and needs to be analyzed in detail prior to any wireless deployment. Practical implications Implementation of wireless technology can pave the way for usage of wireless technology for future generation avionics. With International Telecommunication Union allotting dedicated band for WAIC operations, considerable amount of research has been initiated in this field. It is believed that in the coming 2-3 years, the designers will be ready to replace the existing data wires with wireless transceivers. With radio technical commission for aeronautics and EURACAE involved in development of minimum operations performance standards for WAIC systems use of wireless for intra communication is bound to happen. Therefore, it is necessary to look at different issues for integrating wireless in the avionics domain. Originality/value The existing studies have been carried out in individual domains of using wireless in avionics. Separate studies and research work has been carried out for identifying wireless protocols, aircraft channel models, interference issues and security aspects. The paper has attempted to look at all these aspects together including certification.
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Milanovic, J., A. Katalinic Mucalo, and M. Gal. "Comparison between Measured Data-Carrying VDSL2 Cable Radiation and Radiation Limits for Wire-Line Telecommunication Networks." Radioengineering 30, no. 1 (April 15, 2021): 125–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.13164/re.2021.0125.
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Tsyrulnyk, Serhii. "MOBILE APPLICATIONS AND ONLINE WI-FI MONITORING PLATFORMS OF WEATHER STATIONS." OPEN EDUCATIONAL E-ENVIRONMENT OF MODERN UNIVERSITY, no. 9 (2020): 181–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.28925/2414-0325.2020.9.15.
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Networks that allow digital devices to connect and transmit data are covering the world fast. Thanks to the networks, it is possible to connect all mobile devices, electronic sensors, electronic measuring devices, medical devices and sensors. They track, share, evaluate, and in some cases automatically adjust the data that is collected and transmitted. The concept of "Internet of Things" is complex and has several levels: end devices (sensors, actuators), transport layer (telecommunications environment, including wired and wireless networks) and the level of data processing (collection, storage and processing). The market environment creates requirements for young professionals, and competition between higher education institutions and vocational education institutions provides an opportunity to train a highly qualified specialist who can study and create modern hardware and software for smart electronic devices and systems that are nodes of the Internet of Things network. The article deals with issues related to the peculiarities of creating simple devices within the concept of the Internet of Things based on the popular Wi-Fi module ESP8266 and the introduction of this research into the educational process. The technical possibilities, features of connection and interaction of the ESP8266 module for meteorological monitoring are revealed. The organization of the module's access to the Internet, data sending and their monitoring using the popular mobile applications Blynk, Virtuino and the cloud IoT service ThingSpeak is shown. Their work in non-commercial tasks and ease of use for educational institutions are analyzed. The article provides the source codes of programs for the Wi-Fi module ESP8266 with a digital sensor BME280
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Abd-Rahman, M. Kamil, M. Nasir Taib, and Ibrahim Azmi. "Application of Optical Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor for Structure Monitoring." Materials Science Forum 517 (June 2006): 202–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.517.202.
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Fiber Bragg gratings (FBG) are extensively used in optical add-drop multiplexers/demultiplexers, optical cross-connect switches, optical sensors and many others in optical fiber telecommunication networks. In this study, FBG was employed as an optical sensor for pile monitoring on steel and concrete structures particularly in bridges and buildings. The measurement was conducted in accordance to PWD (Public Works Department) requirements and the test showed compatible results to the vibrating wire strain gauge (VWSG) used in pile monitoring by PWD. The FBG sensors mounted onto the mild steel rod as a device-under-test have provided high sensitivity, good accuracy and linearity.
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Lilik, Ferenc, Szilvia Nagy, and László T. Kóczy. "Improved Method for Predicting the Performance of the Physical Links in Telecommunications Access Networks." Complexity 2018 (2018): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3685927.
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A novel approach is presented which is able to predict the available maximal data transfer rate of SHDSL connections from measured frequency dependent electrical parameters of wire pairs. Predictions are made by a fuzzy inference system. The basis of the operable and tested method will be introduced, then an improved version is shown, in which the problems derived from sampling of continuous functions of electrical parameters are eliminated by wavelet transformation. Also possibilities for simplification of the problem and a way of reducing the dimensions of the applied rule bases are presented. As the set of the measured data leads to sparse rule bases, handling of sparseness is unavoidable. Two different ways—fuzzy interpolation and various membership functions—will be introduced. The presented methods were tested by measurements in real telecommunications access networks.
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Vladimir, Mirkin. "Siberian Radio Communication during the Great Patriotic War." TECHNOLOGOS, no. 2 (2021): 57–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.15593/perm.kipf/2021.2.05.
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The article examines the technical modernization of Siberian radio communications and broadcasting during the war period. Under the conditions of a large-scale evacuation of industrial facilities and the population to the Siberian region as well as the organization of new telephone and telegraph highways in the eastern direction wire telecommunications worked at the limit of its capabilities and could not cope with the load. In these conditions radio communication was often the only means of communication. Among the evacuated enterprises deployed on the territory of Siberia most of them were the enterprises of the radio industry. One of the main problems faced by the Siberian radio communications, in addition to the shortage of qualified personnel, was the lack of backup equipment, which the front desperately needed. Another difficulty was the restructuring of the radial telecommunication system which entailed the modernization of the transmitters of the main radio communication. In the conditions of an acute shortage of material resources for civil radio communications radio communication activities had to be seriously limited. In general, it was necessary to temporarily abandon the program of continuous radio coverage of the country developed in the pre-war period. First of all, the radio stations were set up at enterprises, city and rural streets and squares, in clubs, libraries, etc. At the same time, as far as possible, the park of radio points was expanded and the operability of radio centers was maintained. Thanks to the mobilization of internal reserves and measures of an administrativerepressive nature in Siberian radio communications it was possible to strengthen the material and technical basis. The industrial production of radio products (mainly for military purposes) was launched in Siberia. However, the quality level of radio communication was low. Since the main efforts were aimed at meeting the needs of the front and the liberated regions the total power of the Siberian radio network has not yet been able to match a large territory of the region and the average power of broadcast transmitters has also remained low. Development of broadcast networks was primarily happened in cities. So, a significant disproportion between the density of radio coverage in urban and rural areas preserved and increased.
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Milanovic, Josip, and Domagoj Budisa. "Analysis of the radiated electric field strength from in‐house G.fast2 data carrying wire‐line telecommunication network." IET Science, Measurement & Technology 15, no. 5 (March 5, 2021): 478–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/smt2.12048.
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Saravanan, S., and A. John Peter. "Binding Energy of a Magneto-exciton in an InAsP Quantum Well Wire for the Potential Application of Telecommunication Networks." Materials Today: Proceedings 2, no. 9 (2015): 4373–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2015.10.030.
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Dhiko Pradnyana, Putu, D. M. Wiharta, and N. P. Sastra. "ANALISIS CAKUPAN LAYANAN WI-FI GEDUNG PASCASARJANA UNIVERSITAS UDAYANA." Jurnal SPEKTRUM 6, no. 2 (June 1, 2019): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/spektrum.2019.v06.i02.p09.
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The main changes in the telecommunication during these present days come mainly from wired technology to wireless technology. The Wireless LAN (WLAN) configuration consists of an access point, connected to users using air medium. The postgraduate building of Universitas Udayana has been equipped with a wireless network, supporting the study activities within the building. This research explains regarding the signal level quality and the Quality of Service (QoS) by analyzing the Wi-Fi coverage. The measurements were divided into two models, with and without barriers. The highest result comes to -42 dBm, conversely, the lowest is -82 dBm. Thus, the results show that the throughput value is 3.97 Mbps. Within the maximum bandwidth of 10 Mbps, the average packet-loss is not more than 3%. The delay measurement provides a result of not more than 100 ms, and the jitter obtained is 0.04. According to the digital floor plan, the calculation results of the coverage area match the signal level measurement.
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Karampatea, Apostolia, and Katherine Siakavara. "Analysis and Synthesis of Double Negative Dielectric Media Rectenna Systems for Ambient Microwave Energy Harvesting." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2018 (2018): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2472738.
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The concept of harvesting the ambient electromagnetic radiation energy, coming from public telecommunication wireless networks, has been recently subject of extensive research. Techniques proposed for this target use mainly antennas, as the grade gathering the radiation power. In this work, a method introducing the usage of specific dielectric structures with artificially negative electric permittivity and magnetic permeability (double negative media or DNG) in combination with wire dipole antenna sensors is proposed as an RF harvesting system. Theoretical study of the synthesized DNG medium’s performance and the distribution of the electromagnetic field in its interior is made, with the intention of finding the areas of maximum electric field intensity at which the antenna sensors would be positioned for maximum power scavenging. The received numerical results show that the synthesized schemes are capable of enhancing the energy gathering ability. Compared to the same antenna sensors positioned in free space, they ensure higher input voltage to the rectifier and also an increase of the available power about 10 dB. Moreover, they exhibit this performance for every direction of arrival of the incoming waves. The hybrid schemes DNG dipole antenna were designed for the Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS) frequency band, but the method is general and would be applied to any other frequency band and also with other antenna types.
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Jonckheere, Matthieu, and Seva Shneer. "Stability of Multi-Dimensional Birth-and-Death Processes with State-Dependent 0-Homogeneous Jumps." Advances in Applied Probability 46, no. 1 (March 2014): 59–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1239/aap/1396360103.
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We study the conditions for positive recurrence and transience of multi-dimensional birth-and-death processes describing the evolution of a large class of stochastic systems, a typical example being the randomly varying number of flow-level transfers in a telecommunication wire-line or wireless network. First, using an associated deterministic dynamical system, we provide a generic method to construct a Lyapunov function when the drift is a smooth function on ℝN. This approach gives an elementary and direct proof of ergodicity. We also provide instability conditions. Our main contribution consists of showing how discontinuous drifts change the nature of the stability conditions and of providing generic sufficient stability conditions having a simple geometric interpretation. These conditions turn out to be necessary (outside a negligible set of the parameter space) for piecewise constant drifts in dimension two.
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Jonckheere, Matthieu, and Seva Shneer. "Stability of Multi-Dimensional Birth-and-Death Processes with State-Dependent 0-Homogeneous Jumps." Advances in Applied Probability 46, no. 01 (March 2014): 59–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001867800006935.
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We study the conditions for positive recurrence and transience of multi-dimensional birth-and-death processes describing the evolution of a large class of stochastic systems, a typical example being the randomly varying number of flow-level transfers in a telecommunication wire-line or wireless network. First, using an associated deterministic dynamical system, we provide a generic method to construct a Lyapunov function when the drift is a smooth function on ℝN. This approach gives an elementary and direct proof of ergodicity. We also provide instability conditions. Our main contribution consists of showing how discontinuous drifts change the nature of the stability conditions and of providing generic sufficient stability conditions having a simple geometric interpretation. These conditions turn out to be necessary (outside a negligible set of the parameter space) for piecewise constant drifts in dimension two.
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Santos, Edval JP. "Bucket-brigade Inspired Power Line Network Protocol for Sensed Quantity Profile Acquisition with Smart Sensors Deployed as a Queue in Harsh Environment." Journal of Integrated Circuits and Systems 16, no. 3 (December 31, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.29292/jics.v16i3.495.
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Pressure and temperature profile are key data for safe production in oil and gas wells. In this paper, a bucket-brigade inspired sensor network protocol is proposed which can be used to extract sensed data profile from the nanoscale up to kilometer long structures. The PHY/MAC layers are discussed. This protocol is best suited for low data rate exchanges in small fixed-size packets, named buckets, transmitted as time-domain bursts among high-precision smart sensors deployed as a queue. There is only one coordinator, which is not directly accessible by most of the sensor nodes. The coordinator is responsible for collecting the measurement profile and send it to a supervisory node. There is no need for complex routing mechanism, as the network topology is determined during deployment. There are many applications which require sensors to be deployed as a long queue and sensed data could be transmitted at low data rates. Examples of such monitoring applications are: neural connected artificial skin, oil/gas/water pipeline integrity, power transmission line tower integrity, (rail)road/highway lighting and integrity, individualized monitoring in vineyard or re-foresting or plantation, underwater telecommunications cable integrity, oil/gas riser integrity, oil/gas well temperature and pressure profile, among others. For robustness and reduced electromagnetic interference, wired network is preferred. Besides in some harsh environment wireless is not feasible. To reduce wiring, communications can be carried out in the same cable used to supply electrical power.
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Dejneka, M., and B. Samson. "Rare-Earth-Doped Fibers for Telecommunications Applications." MRS Bulletin 24, no. 9 (September 1999): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400053057.
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Primarily to meet the dramatic increase in Internet traffic, a substantial expansion in new fiber-optic networks has been seen in the last few years, increasing the total amount of transmission fiber deployed in the field. However, increased capacity has also been achieved by utilizing more of the available bandwidth present in the currently installed fiber. A key component in facilitating this increase in bandwidth is the erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA), which provides efficient broad-band gain in the 1530–1560-nm telecommunications window. Erbium-doped glasses can be drawn into low-loss fiber, and the width of the gain band can be controlled with glass composition. With appropriate composition and design, EDFAs can simultaneously amplify 32 or more wavelengths, providing a 32-fold increase in data capacity over single-channel systems. These devices can boost signal strength by a factor of 1000, with high reliability and low noise at data rates exceeding 1 Tbit/s. In this article, we review some of the properties that are key to the success of EDFAs and discuss the potential for other rare-earth-doped glass-fiber combinations that may find possible applications in future telecommunications networks.Fiber optics have revolutionized the telecommunications industry, providing more information capacity and greater distances between signal boosters than copper wire and coaxial cable. The attenuation in coaxial systems increases exponentially with signal frequency, making high-speed transmission over long distances impractical. The best copper systems have a bandwidth of about 10 Mbit/s and are limited to lengths of less than 200 m at high data rates. In contrast, the attenuation of SiO2 optical fibers is low and independent of signal frequency, thus optical fiber can easily support 100 Gbit/s (10,000 times the capacity of copper) over 80 km and is currently only limited by the speed of the transmission and receiving electronics, with capacities in excess of 50 Tbit/s theoretically possible.1 For links in excess of 80 km, signal amplification is necessary to prevent total loss of the signal. In the 1980s, amplification was done with electronic devices called repeaters that detected the light, converted it to an electronic signal, amplified, retimed, and then retransmitted it as an optical pulse.The field of optical telecommunications has itself undergone a revolution. In the late 1980s, the invention of the all-optical amplifier allowed for simultaneous amplification of multiple channels in a single optical fiber each at a different wavelength or color of light. SiO2 fibers have a minimum in attenuation in the infrared (IR) portion of the optical spectrum near 1550 nm, as shown in Figure 1. The EDFA fortuitously provides high gain and low noise in the 1530-1560-nm spectral window. This technology now enables simultaneous amplification of 32 channels in a single fiber without the need for optical-to-electronic conversion. Thus single-fiber capacities of 320 Gbit/s are currently being deployed today. To perform this electronically, each channel would have to be separated (demultiplexed), amplified by its own costly repeater, and then recombined (multiplexed) in the fiber. Researchers are now perfecting 100-channel EDFAs in the lab.
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Alhaj Hasan, Adnan, Tuan M. Nguyen, Sergei P. Kuksenko, and Talgat R. Gazizov. "Wire-Grid and Sparse MoM Antennas: Past Evolution, Present Implementation, and Future Possibilities." Symmetry 15, no. 2 (January 31, 2023): 378. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym15020378.
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Since the end of the 19th century, radioelectronic devices (REDs) have actively penetrated into all modern community spheres. Achievements in the fields of radio engineering and electronics, as well as computing, information, telecommunications, and other technologies, have greatly contributed to this. The main elements of REDs are antennas and microwave devices. For example, linear (wire) antennas are the basis of long-distance communication agency networks of various law enforcement agencies and departments. The manufacturing of REDs requires the regular and rapid appearance of more and more advanced types with minimal costs. At the same time, the design complexity of REDs and the tightening of EMC requirements caused by the growth of upper frequencies of useful and interfering signals, the mounting density, as well as the capabilities of generators of intentional electromagnetic impacts, together with the need to take into account inter-element, inter-unit, and inter-system interference, require more and more accurate designs of REDs. However, this becomes impossible without computer modeling, which saves the time and financial resources required for their development, as well as to evaluate the correctness of the proposed technical solutions. During the design process, as a rule, a multivariate analysis or optimization of the product is performed. In this case, methods of computational electrodynamics (one of which is the method of moments) are used. They are based on the replacement of continuous functions with their discrete analogues (construction of a grid), which reduces the problem to the solution of a system of linear algebraic equations (SLAE). The problem’s complexity depends on the complexity of the SLAE solution, which is determined by its order (which in turn is determined by the complexity of the simulated object and its surrounding area) and by the number of the required SLAE solutions for each problem (determined by the upper frequency of the signal, the number, and range of the optimized parameters). This dramatically increases the computational cost, which becomes the main constraint for the optimal design. Therefore, reducing the computational cost for the analysis and optimization of RED elements (in particular, linear antennas) is an important scientific problem. Meanwhile, finding new antenna structures that meet all the desired features (low price, required characteristics, manufacturable design with small dimensions and windage, etc.) is no less important today. One of the promise solutions for these problems is using a wire grid and sparse antennas for modeling and constructing antennas. Since the last century, a lot of research has been performed on them. The aim of this paper is to review their history and the main related aspects such as computational, acceleration, and optimization used methods, the fields of their application, and their evolution to this moment. In addition, this paper provides a possible future implementation of wire-grid and sparse antennas from the authors’ point of view by presenting a new method that is under research to obtain effective wire sparse antennas.
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Shikoski, Jovan, Rumen Arnaudov, and Tinko Eftimov. "Photonic powering of sensors with bidirectional communication along a single fiber." Photonics Letters of Poland 12, no. 1 (March 31, 2020): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v12i1.919.
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In this paper we propose and study simultaneous transmission of photonic power and bidirectional communication to and from sensors via 840/1310 nm WDMs. The photovoltaic converter is used both for power conversion and data transfer from the high power laser at 808nm up to 1Mb/s while the 1310nm link can be up to 155 Mb/s.Full Text: PDF References:J.C.V.da Silva, E.L.A.S.de Souza, V.Garcia, J.B.Rosolem, C.Floridia, M.A.B.Sanches, "Design of a Multimode Fiber Optic Cable to Transmit Optical Energy for Long Reach in PoF Systems", Proceedings of the 63rd IWCS Conference, International Wire & Cable Symposium, Shrewsbury, PA, USA, 2014, pp.832-839. [CrossRef]J.B. Rosolem, E.K.Tomiyama, D.C.Dini, F.R.Bassan, R.S.Penze, A.A.Leonardi, C. Floridia, J.P.Fracarolli, R.M.Teixeira, "A fiber optic powered sensor designed for partial discharges monitoring on high voltage bushings". Proc. of SBMO/IEEE MTT‐S International Microwave and Optoelectronics Conference (IMOC); 3-6 Nov. 2015; Porto de Galinhas, Brazil, pp. 1-5. [CrossRef]T.C. Banwell, R.C.Estes, L.A.Reith, P.W.Shumate, E.M.Vogel, "Powering the fiber loop optically - a cost analysis", IEEE J. of Lightwave Techn., Vol. 11, No. 3, pp. 481-494, 1993. [CrossRef]M. Dumke, G. Heiserich, S. Franke, L. Schulz, and L. Overmeyer, "Power Transmission by Optical Fibers for Component Inherent Communication", Systemics, Cybernetics And Informatics, Vol.8, No.1, pp. 55-60, (2010) [DirectLink]C. Gao, J. Wang, L. Yin, J. Yang, J. Jiang, H. Wan, Optically Powered Active Sensing System for Internet Of Things, Proc. SPIE 9270, Optoelectronic Devices and Integration V, 927016 (24 October 2014) [CrossRef]J. Yan, J. Wang, Y. Lu, J. Jiang, H. Wan, Novel Wireless Sensor System Based on Power-over-Fiber Technique, 14th Int. Conf. on Optical Comm. and Networks (ICOCN) 3-5 July 2015, Nanjing, China, 15382393 [CrossRef]Böttger, G.; Dreschmann, M.; Klamouris, C.; Hü bner, M.; Röger, M.; Bett, A. W.; Kueng, T.; Becker, J.; Freu de, W.; Leuthold, J.: An Otically Powered Video Camera Link. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, Vol. 20, No. 1, pages 39-41, 2008. [CrossRef]M. Matsuura and J. Sato, Bidirectional Radio-Over-Fiber Systems Using Double-Clad Fibers for Optically Powered Remote Antenna Units, IEEE Photonics J., Vol. 7, No. 1, 2015, 7900609 [CrossRef]J. Wang, Q. Li, J. Yan, Y. Ding, Y. Lu, Y. Zhang, H. Wan, Power-Over-Fiber Technique based Sensing System for Internet оf Things, 15th International Conference on Optical Communications and Networks (ICOCN), Hangzhou, China, Sep. 24-27, 2016. [CrossRef]S. Kartalopoulos, Optical Bit Error Rate: An Estimation Methodology (2004) Willey- IEEE Press. [CrossRef]J. Shikoski, R. Arnaudov, and T. Eftimov, A study of the frequency characteristics of a photovoltaic convertor РРС-4Е, Photonics Letters of Poland, Vol. 10(3), (2018), pp. 70-72 [CrossRef]J. B. Rosolem, Optical Fiber and Wireless Communications, Ed. by R. Róka, Ch. 13, Power‐Over‐Fiber Applications for Telecommunications and for Electric Utilities, Intech Open Ltd, London, 2017, pp.255-278. [CrossRef]
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Dubchak, D. K., O. M. Tkalenko, and K. V. Polonsʹkyy. "Prospects of standardization of the internet of things in international communication organizations." Connectivity 150, no. 2 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.31673/2412-9070.2021.021316.
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Research firm Gartner defines IoT as a network of physical objects that contain the means to interact with the environment and with each other, as well as to transmit information about their status and receive commands. McKinsey offers a less abstract definition: IoTs are sensors and drives built into physical devices and Internet connections over wired or wireless networks. IoT is developed not only by device manufacturers, but also by specialized organizations, including the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), the Industrial Internet Consortium and the IETF. In the recommendations of Y.2060 of the International Telecommunication Union, called the Overview of the Internet of Things, the Internet of Things appears as «a global infrastructure that provides complex services by connecting physical and virtual things based on existing and evolving, functionally compatible information and communication technologies». A thing in this definition means an object of the physical or virtual world that can be identified and connected to communication networks. A device in the context of IoT is an element of equipment that has the required communication capabilities and can perform measurements, operate under certain conditions, enter, store and process data. As is typical of any new concept, the process of standardizing the Internet of Things has gone from understanding the network architecture, requirements and capabilities of «things» and ways to apply them to specific technologies that allow to organize the Internet of Things direct interaction of «things» with each other and with devices and people from the outside environment. The article considers the peculiarities of the main organizations involved in IoT standardization at the global level, identifies technological, economic and social benefits of ISO standards, offers a variant of building a topology for the study of IoT protocols, which corresponds to the architecture of the Internet of Things.
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Dowins, Oswald Aguilar, and Omar Mar Cornelio. "Computer Network Design of the office area of the telecommunications company SERTOD." Fusion: Practice and Applications, 2021, 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.54216/fpa.060101.
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At present, every industry or company that wishes to improve efficiency in carrying out its social role needs to use the technological tools at its disposal, an example of this is computer networks, which is the set of computers interconnected with each other and that have resources shared. This document describes the implementation of a wired network in the telecommunications company SERTOD. This company had a network with obsolete equipment, it also had areas where the product network did not reach the remodeling and expansion of the company. A new network was designed following a series of steps well defined by the bibliographies for the implementation of wired networks, A market study was carried out to analyze the costs of the equipment to be used and to choose carefully in terms of cost and quality. A proposal was obtained for the new network to be implemented in the SETOD company.
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Yassir, Ali Hameed, Ali Fattah Dakhil, Waffa Muhammed Ali, and Abeer Nasir Faisal. "Current Trend in Wireless Networks." Asian Journal of Research in Computer Science, January 31, 2019, 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajrcos/2018/v2i430077.
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In this study, a general overview of the current trend wireless network has been presented the explosive parallel growth of both the Internet and cellular telephone services are becoming the two most important phenomena that impact the required modern feasible and secure telecommunications. A wireless service technology has become well-known in technology markets. WLAN implemented the development of the wired LAN. Industries produce the required components, which lead to the fast developments in designing and implementing of such networks. The merging of wireless network deemed to be a solution to some of the problems of the wired networks. In this survey study, we will try to discuss the advantages of wireless devices and indicate the challenges involved in this technology from the point of view of its foundation, architecture, requirements, its components, and protocols.
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Al-Tarawneh, Luae, Ali Alqatawneh, Ashraf Tahat, and Omar Saraereh. "Evolution of optical networks: from legacy networks to next-generation networks." Journal of Optical Communications, December 21, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/joc-2020-0108.
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AbstractThe requirement for the huge bandwidth-demanding applications has urged researchers to develop improved data pipes that could allow smooth data flow. Revolutionary growth has been witnessed in the domain of the telecommunication industry, which has opened new horizons for connectivity among humans and devices alike especially, in the era of 5G. The advancement from TDM multiplexed signal transmitted over copper wire to the flexible and smart grid along with ethernet passive optical networks or space division multiplexed over optic fiber introducing enormous speed in 100 of Gbps has contributed to the fastest communication. The heterogeneous structure and network complexity require the automating of telecommunication services which have been assisted with the incorporation of machine learning and artificial intelligence, highlighting the new era of communication with the reliability and fastest accessibility. This survey reports the evolution of optical carrier generations and advancement in networks along with the fundamental achievements to comprehend the supportive competition while highlighting the gaps and challenges for future work.
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Hamid, Hamood Shehab, and Abdul Kareem Dawah Abbas. "Study and Characterization of New Topologies of Dielectric Resonator Antennas: Application to New Wireless Communications Systems." Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University 55, no. 2 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.35741/issn.0258-2724.55.2.60.
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Nowadays, we are witnessing a considerable change in the field of telecommunications, be it mobile telephony, wired or wireless networks. Advances in the fields of information technology, communication, microelectronics and telecommunications have led to a massive deployment of new networks which today connect a mass of individuals and computing entities. These networks are the backbone of all services influencing both the personal and professional spheres, with almost instant access to information, social networks and the IT world. In this regard, the antennas deployed in new telecommunications systems must be able to adapt to such an environment in perpetual evolution. Indeed, with the emergence of new telecommunications standards such as the Internet of Things (IoT), new telecommunications systems must meet new requirements, including the ability to include a large number of features to meet to the growing needs of users, such as making several standards coexist on the same compact structure, reducing interference with neighboring devices, improving the transmission rate, avoiding phenomena of antenna performance degradation in the presence of external disturbance and ensuring good efficiency in receiving data. Agile antennas in radiation patterns also present themselves as potential candidates to meet the requirements imposed.
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BHARATHI, DIVYA. "A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS ON CONSUMER PREFERENCE OVER JIO & AIRTEL NETWORK SERVICES." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 06, no. 12 (December 7, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem17020.
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A customer’s choice refers to the types of service. If you are selling or providing a service knowing your customer’s preference however you can only fulfill your customers desires if u learn as much as you can about them. Anticipate their requirements and exceed their standard. Customer satisfaction is a metric that measures a customer’s level of satisfaction with company’s services. India's telecommunication network is 2nd biggest in number of Mobilepatrons as of January 31st, 2021, with 1179.49 million customers. It’s about every global smart phone rate, made it possible beyond large tele companies, flighty-conflict amongst its Bharat possesses every sphere has every second-biggest Internet user base. Dominant part of the Indian telecommunication business is Mobile phone, industry of internet and television broadcasting in India which is currently undergoing transformation into a to come-cohort lattice, hireling a comprehensive complex of current lattice constitute comparatively Modern phone transfer, polarize, At the core, media portal winking are interrelated beyond an extensive range of conveyance apparatus based on tendril perceiving either fryer Marconi impart lattice. Every way in lattice that links to every patron to every basic is hugely diverse, utilizing various russet-twain, ocular-fibril, also cellular mechanics. DTH is a newer podcasting mechanics gained considerable fame via every small screen fragment every incorporation about non- government FM own stated Marconi podcasting in India a boost. Telecommunications in India evolved powerfully the country's INSAT system, where world's biggest domiciliary sputnik complex has provided support. India has diverse network that connects every duchy via phone, net, Marconi, small screen, also spacecraft. Ago every 1990s, every Indian telecom enterprise familiar hasty trade broadens along widening, also it is at International Journal of Scientific Research in Engineering and Management (IJSREM) Volume: 06 Issue: 12 | December - 2022 Impact Factor: 7.185 ISSN: 2582-3930 © 2022, IJSREM | www.ijsrem.com DOI: 10.55041/IJSREM17020 | Page 2 present every sphere identical merciless also one of the rapid spreading telecom markets. Telecom network services own succor India's retrench improvement it backed to bridge every rural- urban cybernetic cleave to a certain extent Using the introduction about e-governance to a certain extent Using the also contributed to increased transparency in governance. The government has used modern technology. Telecommunications infrastructure to deliver mass education programmers to agricultural Indians. Technological modernization is widely recognized as a predicted requirement for all countries in today's age of progress and affluence. Thanks to enhanced technology and increased competition via initiated enterprises, Tele communications have invaded a phase of improvement. The telecoms sector's technological developments are tied to the mobile industry's continued expansion. Providers of services major intention are to establish a devoted client base by monitoring their efficiency and retaining existing customers so that they can Profit from their devotion. The purpose of this paper is to address these concerns. Every introduction of the telegraph in India marked the beginning of telecommunications. The postal service and telecommunications India's industries are among the oldest on the planet. The first trial electric telegraph cable was constructed from Calcutta to Diamond Harbor mod 1850. It had been opened in 1851 for the British East India Company's use. At every time, the Department of Posts and Telegraphs washoused in a nook in the Public Works Department Development of Broadcaster: Radio transmission began in 1927 however did not become a state obligation until 1930. All India Radio was granted to it. In 1937, also, it's been known as Akash Vani since 1957. Television programming with limited duration began in 1959, with full broadcasting following in 1965. Prior to the 1991 economic reforms, the owned and operated by the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting country's equipment for audio-visual communication, such as a televisionDoor Darshan. Under the Prasad Bharti Act, an autonomous body called Prasar Bhartiwas established in 1997 to oversee public service broadcasting. All India Radio and Door Darshan are two services that previously working with the Ministry of I&B as media organizations, they turn into members the bodies. Stats from before liberalization: During every British occupation, all of the country's significant towns and cities were wired utilizing telephones, but there were only about 80,000 telephones in 1948. Because the telephone was viewed as a prestige symbol rather than a useful tool after independence, expansion was modest. The number of telephones steadily increased from 980,000 in 1971 - 1981, 2.15 million to 5.07 million was the number in 1991. That’s when country's economic reforms began.
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Frieden, Rob. "The Wired Village: Building Communities and Improving Government Services Through Advanced Telecommunications and Information Networks." SSRN Electronic Journal, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.259779.
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"The use of preliminary hazard analysis to assess the risk of damage to the telecommunications wired access network." Czasopismo Techniczne 8 (2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/2353737xct.18.120.8895.
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Atzori, Luigi, Antonio Lera, and Giacomo Morabito. "THE INTERNET OF THINGS: A SURVEY." Tạp chí Nghiên cứu dân tộc, no. 24 (December 20, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.25073/0866-773x/64.
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This paper addresses the Internet of Things. Main enabling factor of this promising paradigm is the integration of several technologies and communications solutions. Identification and tracking technologies, wired and wireless sensor and actuator networks, enhanced communication protocols (shared with the Next Generation Internet), and distributed intelligence for smart objects are just the most relevant. As one can easily imagine, any serious contribution to the advance of the Internet of Things must necessarily be the result of synergetic activities conducted in different fields of knowledge, such as telecommunications, informatics, electronics and social science. In such a complex scenario, this survey is directed to those who want to approach this complex discipline and contribute to its development. Different visions of this Internet of Things paradigm are reported and enabling technologies reviewed. What emerges is that still major issues shall be faced by the research community. The most relevant among them are addressed in details.