Journal articles on the topic 'Wire workers'
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Lu, Xie, and Liu Yangyang. "The development of a new type of winder." E3S Web of Conferences 236 (2021): 02022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123602022.
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it is an important work for testing workers to recycle waste wire used in Oilfield testing. This paper introduces a new type of wire spinner developed by TRIZ Method. The machine is ingenious in conception, shortens the working time of workers and achieves certain economic benefits.
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Navas-Reascos, Gabriel E., David Romero, Johan Stahre, and Alberto Caballero-Ruiz. "Wire Harness Assembly Process Supported by Collaborative Robots: Literature Review and Call for R&D." Robotics 11, no. 3 (June 10, 2022): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/robotics11030065.
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The wire harness assembly process is a complicated manufacturing activity, which is becoming more complex because of the evolving nature of mechatronic and electronic products that require more connectors, sensors, controllers, communication networking, etc. Furthermore, the demand for wire harnesses continues to grow in all industries worldwide as the majority of equipment, appliances, machinery, vehicles, etc., are becoming “smart” (i.e., more mechatronic or electronic). Moreover, most of the wire harness assembly process tasks are done manually, and most of these are considered non-ergonomic for human assembly workers. Hence, the wire harness manufacturing industry is faced with the challenge of increasing productivity while improving the occupational health of its human assembly workers. The purpose of this paper is to conduct a literature review exploring the state of the use of collaborative robots in the wire harness assembly process due to their potential to reduce current occupational health problems for human assembly workers and increase the throughput of wire harness assembly lines, and to provide main findings, discussion, and further research directions for collaborative robotics in this application domain. Eleven papers were found in the scientific literature. All papers demonstrated the potential of collaborative robots to improve the productivity of wire harness assembly lines, and two of these in particular on the ergonomics of the wire harness assembly process. None of the papers reviewed presented a cost–benefit or a cycle time analysis to qualitatively and/or quantitatively measure the impact of the incorporation of collaborative robots in the wire harness assembly process. This represents an important area of opportunity for research with relevance to industry. Three papers remark on the importance of the integration of computer vision systems into a collaborative wire harness assembly process to make this more versatile as many types of wire harnesses exist. The literature review findings call for further research and technological developments in support of the wire harness manufacturing industry and its workers in four main categories: (i) Collaborative Robotics and Grippers, (ii) Ergonomics, (iii) Computer Vision Systems, and (iv) Implementation Methodologies.
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Simões, Bruno, Raffaele de Amicis, Alváro Segura, Miguel Martín, and Ibon Ipiña. "A cross reality wire assembly training system for workers with disabilities." International Journal on Interactive Design and Manufacturing (IJIDeM) 15, no. 4 (October 9, 2021): 429–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12008-021-00772-2.
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Wannapop, Rangsan, Thira Jearsiripongkul, and Thawatchai Boonluang. "Effect of Copper Wire Placement Speed Analysis on Actuator Arm by Finite Element." Advanced Materials Research 931-932 (May 2014): 994–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.931-932.994.
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This research represents a design and analysis of Automatic loading copper wire machine for the actuator arm (ALCM). The process of copper wire placement on a single actuator arm type compensates human workers. In this research, copper wire placement set is made as a 3D model by computer program before undergoes arrangement analysis via explicit dynamic finite element method to study a suitable speed for copper wire placing. It is considered by characteristics of copper wire after placed and failures occurred during the process that will define suitable speed of motor rotation. The suitable speed is corresponding to copper wire characteristic as preferred, prevent copper wire fracture and time reduction compare to human work.
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Navas-Reascos, Gabriel E., David Romero, Ciro A. Rodriguez, Federico Guedea, and Johan Stahre. "Wire Harness Assembly Process Supported by a Collaborative Robot: A Case Study Focus on Ergonomics." Robotics 11, no. 6 (November 16, 2022): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/robotics11060131.
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Products and assets are becoming increasingly “smart”, e.g., mechatronic, electronic, or cyber-physical. In the lack of fully reliable wireless solutions, extensive wiring and wire bundling into wire harnesses are needed. This has manufacturing implications, leading to increasingly complex wire harness assembly processes, where numerous components, connectors, and cables are assembled, connecting critical and non-critical electric and electronic systems in smart products and assets. Thus, wire harnesses demand is rapidly rising in most industries, requiring human or robotic work. Often, required work tasks are repetitive and physically demanding, while still needing people for quality reasons. An attractive solution would therefore be humans collaborating with robots. Unfortunately, there are very few scientific studies on automation solutions using collaborative robots (cobots) for wire harness assembly process tasks to increase process productivity and improve work ergonomics. Furthermore, wire harness assembly process tasks are presently carried out 90% manually in this industry, causing serious ergonomic problems for assembly workers who perform such tasks daily. The challenge is reducing the ergonomic risks currently present in many established wire harness assembly processes while improving production time and quality. This paper presents an early prototype and simulation to integrate a cobot into a wire harness assembly process, primarily for work ergonomic improvements. The use of a cobot is specifically proposed to reduce ergonomic risks for wire harness assembly workers. Two methodologies: RULA and JSI were used to evaluate the ergonomics of the task of cable tie collocation. The real-world case study results illustrate the validation of a cobot which significantly reduced non-ergonomic postures in the task of placing cable ties in the wire harnesses assembly process studied. An ergonomic analysis without the cobot (the actual process) was conducted, based on RULA and JSI methodologies, presenting the highest possible scores in both evaluations, which calls for urgent changes in the current wire harness assembly process task studied. Then, the same analysis was performed with the cobot, obtaining significant reductions in the ergonomic risks of the task at hand to acceptable values.
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Astuti, Rahmaniyah Dwi, Fathin Kusumo Pramesti Pudjiantoro, Bambang Suhardi, Irwan Iftadi, and Annisa Syahiliantina. "Design of Working Table for Fret Wiring Operators With Nida Method in Guitar Industry Mancasan Sukoharjo." Spektrum Industri 20, no. 1 (April 20, 2022): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.12928/si.v20i1.15.
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The guitar industry is in Mancasan, Sukoharjo regency is a smallmedium enterprises which carried out finishing process to produceacoustic guitars. All of the process are done manually without anymachine. There is one process called fret wire installation where theoperator is in a static work posture for an extended period of time tohold the work piece. Nordic Body Map (NBM) assessment showedthat almost all assessed workers have pain in hip and right upperarm. There is indication of Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDS) risk inleft upper arm, back, and waist of workers who conduct fret wiresinstallation process. This indication is confirmed using REBA. REBAScore for fret wiring operator is 10, it indicates that the investigationand modification was needed as soon as possible. This arises to aproblem called workers MSDS due to awkward posture. Thisresearch aims to design an ergonomic working table to reduce therisk of musculoskeletal disorder for fret wire installation operators.REBA was used to evaluate working posture to find the specificproblem. In addition, NIDA product development process andanthropometry concept were also implemented to develop workingtable based on the problem previously found. The result is theproposed working table which specifications are has adjustablesystem on the leg of the table, features a lock to hold the guitarhead, a support with a pad for the neck and body of the guitar, awork tool area and a half-coil fret wire arrangement, and a curvedtable base so that the operator is in a comfortable position and isclose to the work piece.
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Murakami, S., K. Matsuda, T. Kawabata, Y. Hishinuma, and S. Ikeno. "Microstructure of V3Ga Superconducting Wire Using High Ga Content Ti-Ga/V Precursor Composite Material." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 58, no. 2 (June 1, 2013): 325–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10172-012-0191-4.
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Our co-workers, Hishinuma et. al. have fabricated the V3Ga compound wire by a new process using a high Ga content Ti-Ga compound in order to improve the superconducting property of the wire. In this study, we investigated microstructures of this wire to clarify the existence of V3Ga phase. The different contrasts of the matrix, two V-Ga phases and Ti-Ga core were observed by SEM observation. Two V-Ga phases were also confirmed. The ratio of V to Ga for two V-Ga phases was respectively 3:1 and 6:5 according to the EDS result. And these two phases were confirmed as V3Ga and V6Ga5.
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Al-Qattan, Mohammad M. "Displaced unstable transverse fractures of the shaft of the proximal phalanx of the fingers in industrial workers: reduction and K-wire fixation leaving the metacarpophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints free." Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume) 36, no. 7 (May 5, 2011): 577–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1753193411405943.
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A series of 35 adult male industrial workers with displaced unstable transverse fractures of the shaft of the proximal phalanx of the fingers were treated with reduction and K-wire fixation leaving the metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints free to move immediately after surgery. At final follow-up, the total active motion score of the injured finger was graded as excellent, good, fair, or poor if it was greater than 240°, 220–240°, 180–219°, or less than 180°, respectively. Complications were also documented. The results were compared with our previously published series of these fractures treated with two other techniques: percutaneous K-wires immobilizing the metacarpophalangeal joint and open reduction and interosseous loop wire fixation. The final TAM scores in the current study were excellent in 43%, good in 29%, fair in 14% and poor in 14%. Four out of the 35 patients (11%) had minor pin tract infection. These results were significantly better than the results following percutaneous K-wire fixation immobilizing the metacarpophalangeal joint indicating that immediate mobilization of all joints has a significant effect on the outcome.
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Shanmugasundaram, S. "Implementation of Antiestablishment Wire Fault Sensing Using CC3200." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 9, no. 2 (February 1, 2018): 357. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v9.i2.pp357-360.
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Underground cables are inclined to faults because of underground conditions. Detecting particular fault area in the underground cable is a tedious one for that the whole line is to be dug check and settle issues. The proposed method using IoT identifies the correct fault position that makes repairing work simple. The professional domain workers identify the fault area sometimes they also are not able to predict the fault location. Determining fault in the cable itself take lots of time, cash and endeavours and furthermore permit to service underground links speedier. An excellent Wi-Fi featured ARM Cortex-M4 microcontroller is utilised to implement the system. This device offers a total, ease, practical and easy to use method for continuous checking. The fault is acknowledged with the help of sensors placed over the cable. The cell phone application furnishes with a GUI to screen the information from a remote area. The cloud server act as the centre man between the hardware device and the cell phone application dealing with the data movement.
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Silvetti, Alessio, Lorenzo Fiori, Antonella Tatarelli, Adriano Papale, Tiwana Varrecchia, Giorgia Chini Alberto Ranavolo, Ari Fiorelli, Giovanna Tranfo, and Francesco Draicchio. "P-626 ASSESSMENT OF A NEW LORRY DESIGN FOR THE KERBSIDE WASTE COLLECTION." Occupational Medicine 74, Supplement_1 (July 1, 2024): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqae023.1459.
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Abstract Introduction Paper aims to investigate the redesign of a lorry to reduce biomechanical load in kerbside waste collection workers. Two workers (one for gender) simulated unloading 10kg bins inside a lorry using five techniques at different heights (105, 135, 145, 185, 200cm) and horizontal distances (5, 35cm). Methods We used sEMG to calculate bilateral mean muscle activity as percentage of Maximum Voluntary Contraction (%MVC) from Anterior Deltoideus, Lateral Deltoideus, Upper Trapezius, and Erector Spinae. Results Workers refused to test 200cm for its height. Trunk muscles of both workers had highest %MVC at 145cm. For male, 105 and 135 showed the lowest %MVC values (16% ESdx, 23% ESsx). For woman, techniques less overloading were 105 and 185cm. Combined %MVC values were still high (65%). Both workers showed the lowest shoulders %MVC at 105cm. Man had the highest anterior deltoids %MVCs at 145cm; both trapezius showed the highest overall %MVC at 145 and 185cm. Woman had the highest shoulder %MVC on left side at 145cm; all TRdx values exceeded 40%. The most overloading height was 185cm. Conclusions Findings revealed negative and positive effects. Negative concern to pull a wire for opening the lorry’s backdoor at 145cm. The wire involves biomechanical load on shoulders. Handling at 145 also results in high %MVC dues to increased horizontal distance (35cm). Positive, concern lowering whole lorry to reduce lower limbs load in repeated hop on hop off task and a reduced handling height of container (135cm Vs. 105cm). Despite improvements biomechanical risk remains high. Acknowledgment Rubes Triva Foundation promoted this paper.
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Wang, Zhigang, Hao Guo, Mingming Qiao, Zhaohui Zhen, and Peng Li. "Calculation Software and Safety Analysis for Live Working of ±800kV Qishao Ultra High Voltage Transmission Line." E3S Web of Conferences 248 (2021): 02067. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124802067.
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In the power system, live workers need to complete various tasks such as heat treatment of the draft plate in a strong electric field. The inaccurate estimation of the wire load increases the labor load of the operators and can cause safety accidents such as wire disconnection and grounding short-circuit. This paper proposes a set of simple and easy-to-use live working mechanics calculation software to assist the dynamic analysis of the live working load of transmission lines, rationally select working tools, and improve the safety of live working.
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Mahmoudi, M. R., and W. Oxenham. "A NEW ELECTRO-MECHANICAL METHOD FOR MEASURING YARN THICKNESS." AUTEX Research Journal 2, no. 1 (March 1, 2002): 28–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aut-2002-020104.
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Abstract Measuring the thickness of a wire using a micrometer is simple, but textile workers cannot use the same technique. The current report describes a possible method of measuring yarn thickness under lateral force using a range of loads. The effect of twist on thickness and compressibility of yarns is studied.
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Li, Zhenghui, Na Zhang, Huaxing Rao, and Qinyue Yu. "Development Method of Fully Automatic Wire Winding Device Based on Dual Motion Control System." Journal of Engineering System 1, no. 3 (September 2023): 27–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.62517/jes.202302305.
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In the construction of overhead contact wire for electrified railways, the entire process of wire drawing is manually made, especially for the winding and fixing of the back tie wire. With the length of construction lines often reaching hundreds or even thousands of kilometers, the task of wrapping and fixing the back tie line becomes very heavy and cumbersome. In addition, whether the entanglement is firm, tightly attached, and smooth greatly tests the wrist strength and craftsmanship of construction workers. The comparison between teachers and beginners in construction is obvious, and it is difficult to ensure the consistency of construction standards. In response to the above issues, the fully automatic winding machine adopts a mechanical dual transmission design, a mechanical moving slide mechanism, a reduction motor, and a stepper motor control system to achieve winding process standards such as tight adhesion, reliability, and smoothness, and improve manual operation efficiency by 3-5 times.
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Yamaguchi, Daisuke, Yasutaka Tagawa, Masaki Hayatsu, and Manabu Yamada. "Sequential Identification Technique of Jacobian Matrix for a Power-Assisted Lifter Using Wire-Driven Parallel Mechanism." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 16, no. 3 (June 20, 2004): 228–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2004.p0228.
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The shortage of skilled workers at plant construction sites has made it necessary to increase efficiency in lifting, moving, and setting up heavy equipment. For this purpose, a power-assisted lifter (PAL) is considered one of the most effective means for using unique sensory human skills and the physical power of a machine. In this paper, the control problem is studied for a PAL driven by wires. The objective of this study is to develop a control technique using sequential identification of Jacobian matrix so the wire-driven PAL can move heavy equipment such as large pipes continuously and accurately without being influenced by geometric nonlinearity. The effectiveness of the control technique is verified through experiments.
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Ciani, Kyle E. "Hidden Laborers: Female Day Workers in Detroit, 1870–1920." Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era 4, no. 1 (January 2005): 23–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1537781400003649.
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On October 1, 1898, twenty-year-old laborer Peter Dumbrowski married Lettie, a girl from his Detroit neighborhood. Both of their Polish immigrant families had left their new Canadian homes in 1881, joining thousands of other families who had already moved south for the promise of good wages in an emerging city. The following summer, at the age of seventeen, Lettie gave birth to their first daughter and would soon be pregnant with a son. Peter earned enough as a metalworker to support the small family as well as make a down payment toward the purchase of a six-room home on the west side. By Peter's fortieth birthday, he could claim that he made thirty dollars a week at one of Detroit's most important employers of men, Timken Detroit Axle. His eldest son, now sixteen, contributed to the family economy most of his salary (twenty dollars per week) from another key operation, Insulated Wire Works.
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Мarchyshyna, YE, V. Melnyk, and M. Yaremchuk. "Features of safe and healthy behavior of ostrich care workers." Sučasne ptahìvnictvo, no. 5-6 (June 25, 2020): 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.31548/poultry2020.05-06.018.
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The historical aspects, significance, peculiarities of ostrich behavior and occupational safety of ostrich farm workers are analyzed. It is noted that ostrich farming began in the world in the late XIXth century. The authors study the domestic and foreign practice of stausivnytstva. Describes the significant contribution of the industry in obtaining ostrich products – leather, meat, eggs, feathers. The value of staus products in comparison with other species of animals is noted. It is emphasized that during the care, feeding and observation of ostriches it is necessary to follow the established precautions. An ostrich can kick from bottom to top with a force of 30 kg per 1 sq. km. With one blow it can easily injure the worker. It has been established that ostriches are quite aggressive during the reproductive period – they can take the employee as an opponent with all the negative consequences. It is noted that during work with adult ostriches (transfer to another place, loading into vehicles, carrying out of medical and preventive actions, etc.) for calming of a bird apply a special hook not less than 2 m long by means of which its head presses to the earth, and then put on an opaque hood on his head. Ostriches can be caught in the appropriate gutters, grabbing them by the head with a hook or hands. Experienced handlers use a number of specialized tools, including boards, hooks and limiters. Due to the risk of injury to birds or humans, ostriches should be handled by an experienced worker. It is noted that it is better to walk a bird to three workers, one holding each wing and one pushing from behind. Ostriches require a very good fence, as they can slip through or go over strung-wire stock fences. Measures to prevent injuries to workers during the care and breeding of poultry are described. It is noted that breeding ostriches is one of the most profitable businesses in agriculture.
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Jauhari, Muhammad Amin. "Analysis on Factors Causing Fatigue among Steel Casting Workers at PT X Sidoarjo." Indonesian Journal of Occupational Safety and Health 8, no. 2 (August 30, 2019): 224. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/ijosh.v8i2.2019.224-232.
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Introduction: Fatigue is a common condition among workers as a protective mechanism to prevent their body from further damage. PT. X Sidoarjo is a company engaged in the manufacture of steel and wire rod. In the steel casting division, the workers experienced some fatigue. The steel casting workers experience a hot work climate since their work area was close to the billet burner furnace. The physical workload of the workers also affected the level of fatigue. Individual factors and sleep quality also affect the level of individual fatigue. The purpose of this research is to analyze the factors associated with fatigue among steel casting workers at PT. X Sidoarjo. Metods: This research is categorized as analytical observational research using the cross-sectional approach. The population of this study was 43 workers in the steel casting division at PT. X Sidoarjo. The sample of this research was 30 respondents based on simple random sampling method. The independent variables were individual factors, physical workload, work climate, and sleep quality; while the dependent variable was fatigue. Results: The results showed that there was a significant relationship between physical workload, work climate, and sleep quality with fatigue. There was no significant relationship between individual factors and fatigue. Conclusion: This research conclude that excessive workload, work climate, and poor sleep quality can cause fatigue among steel casting workers at PT. X Sidoarjo. Keywords: fatigue, personal factors, physical workload, sleep quality, work climate
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Dewangan, Chandra P., and Arun K. Singh. "Ergonomic Study and Design of the Pulpit of a Wire Rod Mill at an Integrated Steel Plant." Journal of Industrial Engineering 2015 (February 12, 2015): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/412921.
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This paper presents ergonomic study and design of the pulpit in a wire rod mill at an integrated steel plant. The mill was facing problem of less productivity of workers due to lack of proper work posture and working conditions. The study data were collected from the interview of seven operators involved with the pulpit. Relevant ergonomic tools were used for assessing the survey data for identifying the risk factors involved with these operators. Ergonomically improved pulpit was proposed for reducing the musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) thereby increasing the productivity of the plant.
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Sumana, A., Sujata A. Deshpande, Anindita Bhadra, and Raghavendra Gadagkar. "Workers of the primitively eusocial wasp Ropalidia marginata do not perceive their queen across a wire mesh partition." Journal of Ethology 26, no. 2 (June 7, 2007): 207–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10164-007-0049-9.
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Soloviev, A. I., Sh I. Jafarova, A. B. Syritsky, A. M. Alstadt, and M. D. Nizamov. "Promising layouts of the robotic section." Glavnyj mekhanik (Chief Mechanic), no. 6 (June 9, 2022): 372–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/pro-2-2206-03.
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Mechanical processing of machine-building parts in most cases is associated with the appearance of burrs, sharp edges, chips. To remove them, various types of equipment and tools are developed and used, a large amount of work is done manually by workers. In this paper, it is proposed to combine finishing and stripping operations performed using adjustable wire tools on multi-purpose machines using robotic manipulators. At the same time, it is proposed to use a system for monitoring the presence of burrs by machine vision processing information using a brightness-geometric model and filtering image pixels by brightness. Two variants of schemes for the organization of promising layouts of a robotic site are proposed to reduce the share of manual labor, expand the functions of robotic manipulators and the widespread use of adjustable wire tools.
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Abdrakhmanova, Elena, Lyaylya Masyagutova, Elvira Urazaeva, Elmira Shaikhlislamova, and Natal'ya Vlasova. "PREVENTIVE MEASURES BASED ON CARDIOVASCULAR RISK ASSESSMENT IN METALLURGICAL PRODUCTION WORKERS." Social Aspects of Population Health 70, no. 1 (2024): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.21045/2071-5021-2024-70-1-13.
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Significance. The conducted studies are devoted to the analysis of the factors of disease development and prevention of major non-communicable diseases, the most common of which are cardiovascular diseases. The relevance of this work is determined by the possibility and need for timely identification of pre-pathological and pathological conditions, in order to develop optimal schemes of preventive measures to preserve professional longevity of workers. The purpose of the study was to develop a program of preventive measures based on the risk assessment of cardiovascular diseases in workers of metallurgical production, exposed to a complex of occupational risk factors. Material and methods. Results of periodic medical examination of workers of certain professional groups of a metallurgical enterprise have been analyzed. To determine the total fatal cardiovascular risk among workers, the SCORE (Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation) was used. Results. A general sanitary audit of the working conditions of the metallurgical plant workers corresponds to hazardous class 3, degree 2-3 (3.2-3.3). According to the survey results, tobacco smoking is common among more than half of the surveyed workers - 56.8%. Among the professional group of temperers, tobacco smoking is more common (67.0%) compared to the professional group of wire-drawers (50.0%) and the control group (25.6%). The average body mass index among workers was 26.1±1.7 kg/m², and 27.8±1.5 kg/m² in the control group. Analysis of the average cholesterol group level was within the reference values of 4.8±0.1 mmol/l. 31.6% of the workers had high and very high levels of fatal cardiovascular risk, and 14.1% - a low one. Conclusion. Preventive measures to preserve professional longevity of metallurgical production workers should be carried out based on the cardiovascular risk assessment using the developed programs. Scope of application. The developed algorithm for selecting medical measures with due regard to cardiovascular risk assessment can be used as a corporate program for preserving health of the working population.
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Akhmetzyanova, E. Kh, A. B. Bakirov, E. R. Abdrakhmanova, L. M. Masyagutova, E. F. Gabdulvaleeva, and A. S. Khafizova. "Assessment of the functional state of the cardiovascular system in workers of metallurgical enterprises." Sanitarnyj vrač (Sanitary Doctor), no. 12 (December 14, 2022): 894–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/med-08-2212-03.
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In the structure of factors that form the health of the working-age population, the conditions of its production activity occupy an important place. Today, the products of metallurgical industries are used in almost all industries. The study of the state of the cardiovascular systems of workers of a steel wire shop at a large metallurgical enterprise was carried out. An in-depth examination using modern methods of instrumental diagnostics was carried out by 302 employees of the enterprise. Of these — 275 men and 27 women, aged 23 to 59 years. A feature of the working conditions of workers in metallurgical production is the complex effect of the heating microclimate, the severity of the labor process, dust and complex aerosols of metals, which can be risk factors for the development of arterial hypertension at the earliest stages of exposure. A survey of the nature of nutrition and eating behavior showed that 41.2 % of the surveyed showed a high, excessive frequency of consumption of animal fat in persons with arterial hypertension. Examination of workers, aged from 23 to 59 years, revealed arterial hypertension in 19.4 %, signs of arterial hypotension were observed in 7.4 % of the examined workers of the metallurgical plant. In 46.2 % of workers, an increase in blood pressure was revealed, which can be characterized as mild arterial hypertension, in 45.1 % — moderate, and in 8.7 % of the surveyed, an increase in blood pressure can be characterized as a severe degree of arterial hypertension. Metallurgical workers were found to have such risk factors for the development of arterial hypertension as an imbalance in the consumption of plant and animal food, alcohol consumption and psychosocial factors. The state of the cardiovascular system of the workers of the metallurgical plant is characterized by maladaptive somatic changes.
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Masyagutova, Lyaylya M., Elena R. Abdrakhmanova, Ahat B. Bakirov, Galina G. Gimranova, Venera T. Akhmetshina, Lilia G. Gizatullina, Elvira F. Gabdulvaleeva, Alfia D. Volgareva, and Alsu S. Hafizova. "The role of working conditions in the formation of occupational morbidity of workers in metallurgical production." Hygiene and sanitation 101, no. 1 (February 9, 2022): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2022-101-1-47-52.
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Introduction. The working population health is the basis of human capital, which is a factor in the country’s sustainable economic development. The conditions of occupational activity rank first in the structure of health factors of a working person. Materials and methods. The working conditions and the structure of the newly identified occupational morbidity at a metallurgical enterprise located in the territory of the Republic of Bashkortostan are analyzed based on statistical reporting documents on newly established occupational diseases for the period 2011-2019 and the hygienic characteristics of labour assessment presented by Rospotrebnadzor specialists with suspicion of an occupational aetiology of the diseases. Results. Over the past number of years, workers in manufacturing industries of the Republic of Bashkortostan (RB) have been diagnosed annually from 2.16 to 6.76 cases of occupational diseases per 10 thousand workers, which makes it possible to attribute these industries to a high level of occupational risk. Over the past decade, 117 cases (11 to 26 cases per year) of occupational diseases were detected at the enterprise for the first time. In the structure of nosological forms, musculoskeletal system diseases and connective tissue rank first. Limitations of the study. The limitation of this study is the lack of complete information about working conditions in the presented sanitary and hygienic characteristics. In recent years, there has been a decrease in registered occupational morbidity against the background of minor changes in working conditions. The identification of occupational diseases is often associated with the level of competence of employees of medical institutions who examine the relationship of the disease with the occupation and certain attitudes of the employee and employer. Conclusion. The working conditions of metallurgical workers are characterized by the impact of a complex of occupational factors, the leading of which is the intensity of the work process. The working conditions of this process are considered to be harmful Class 3 (3.3). Between 2011 and 2019, the link between the disease and occupational activity was established in 117 cases, mainly in workers (wire drawers, wire winders, repairmen, metal sorters) experiencing significant physical dynamic loads.
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Mofu, Renold M., Wiwiek Mulyani, and Andreas C. Ayomi. "EFFORTS TO PREVENTING MALARIA IN COMMUNITIES NOLOKLA VILLAGE, EAST SENTANI DISTRICT, JAYAPURA REGENCY." International Journal Of Health Science 3, no. 1 (January 19, 2023): 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.55606/ijhs.v3i1.787.
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Malaria is one of the public health problems that can lead to death. Papua is one of the highest contributors to malaria cases. Therefore, the community needs to make efforts to prevent malaria. This study aims to obtain information about malaria prevention efforts carried out by the community in Nolokla Village. This type of research is descriptive. The sampling technique uses Stratified Random Sampling. A sample of 98 households was selected by tier. Data were collected using questionnaires and observation sheets (cheklists). The results showed that those who did not meet the requirements in this study were mosquito shelters (100%), the habit of going out at night (86%), mosquito repellent (77%), the habit of opening the door at night (78%), and for those who met the requirements, namely the use of mosquito nets (89%), the use of gauze wire in house ventilation (65%), the use of ceilings 64%, home hygiene efforts (71%), the habit of opening windows at night (100%). The prevention carried out by the people of Kampung Noloklais the use of mosquito nets in their bedrooms, the use of mosquito screen wire in the ventilation of the house, the place where mosquitoes are still found around the house and the use of health services tends to be rarely used by the community. For this reason, health workers, especially sanitation and health promotion workers, are more active in holding counseling and inviting village elements to protect the environment.
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Eckroth, Karoline R. "Humanitarian Principles and Protection Dilemmas: Addressing the Security Situation of Aid Workers in Darfur." Journal of International Peacekeeping 14, no. 1-2 (March 25, 2010): 86–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187541110x12592205205694.
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The changing nature of armed conflict has resulted in increased need to safeguard civilians, including humanitarian personnel, which is reflected in the emerging protection of civilians agenda. This article considers the security of aid workers in Darfur. Specifically, it examines to what extent the traditional principles of humanitarian action provide security for humanitarian personnel. By performing a within-case analysis, this study portrays the humanitarian workers’ own perspective of the micro-dynamics of security in Darfur. It argues that neutrality, impartiality and independence provide protection and are pivotal for humanitarian security in Darfur. However, these principles do not protect against all threats and needs to be supplemented by other strategies such as protective walls, unarmed guards and barbed wire. On the other hand, relying too heavily on such measures may diminish security as aid workers are alienated from the local population. This is because proximity to the population is perceived as the most important measure for security. In addition, this article suggests that mandatory security training for all humanitarian personnel working in the field would greatly increase the security situation and their ability to protect themselves.
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Moromugi, Shunji, and Toshiro Noritsugu. "Special Issue on Robotic Technology to Extend Workers' Physical Abilities and Skills." International Journal of Automation Technology 3, no. 6 (November 5, 2009): 641–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2009.p0641.
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Robot-related technologies originally developed to cut the manufacturing industry workforce in the 1970s and 1980s produced many excellent high-quality products, high production efficiency, and reduced cost. As consumer requirements changed, however, the guiding principle in industry shifted from mass production of single components to diversified small-lot “job shop” production favoring expert skills over mechanical automation due to higher efficiency and improved production line quality. Demands for higher technical efficiency and a reduced burden on human physical labor gained recognition, opening up a new scope of robot activities as the focus changed from replacing human workers to expanding personnel capabilities and skills through robot “power assist” support. Power assist techniques have just begun practical use in manufacturing fields. This special issue focuses on the new robotic technologies implemented to extend human capabilities and skills. The first paper introduced discusses safety technology for a power assist system and the second a mobile robot manipulator using impedance control. Paper No.3 relates kinesthetic assist for improving window glass installation on a car production assembly line and No.4 proposes control automatically optimizing a power assist system’s viscosity. Paper No.5 deals with power assist control using human weight perception. The sixth paper describes wire-suspension-based transfer with power assist and the seventh power assist for moving flexible objects. Papers 8, 9, and 10 cover the development of wearable support systems targeting assembly line personnel, farmers, and racehorse trainers. Paper No.11 reports the development of a sensor monitoring pneumatic artificial muscle activation. The closer in this series proposes synchronization-based control for motion assist suits. This special issue thus includes many high-quality papers covering a wide variety of power assist topics reflecting the many viewpoints and expertise of their authors. In closing, we express our sincerest gratitude to the authors, researchers, and staff who took part in compiling studies and presentations. We also thank the publishers and all those who contributed in so many ways to this issue’s publication.
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Zhangabay, Nurlan, Marco Bonopera, Akmaral Utelbayeva, Timur Tursunkululy, and Murat Rakhimov. "Experimental and Theoretical Reproducibility Research on the Earthquake Resistance of Cylindrical Steel Tanks." Vibration 6, no. 4 (November 4, 2023): 960–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vibration6040057.
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This article analyzes the convergence of the obtained values as a result of the authors’ earlier experimental and theoretical studies. On the basis of the correlations, it was found that the analyses of a traditional cylindrical steel tank without a steel wire strand wrapping and with a filling level of zero by a liquid showed a difference in natural vibration frequencies of 8.4%, while with half and maximal filling by a liquid showed differences equal to 3.2% and 6.2%, respectively. Vice versa, analyses of a cylindrical steel tank with a steel wire strand winding pitch of a = 3d and with a filling level of zero by a liquid showed a difference in natural vibration frequencies of 8.1%, while with half and maximum filling by a liquid and with the same steel wire strand winding pitch showed differences of 10.1% and 5.9%, respectively. Conversely, analyses of a cylindrical steel tank with a steel wire strand winding pitch of a = d and in absence of filling level amounted to a difference of 5.5%, while with half and maximum filling and with the same steel wire strand winding pitch of a = d, differences of 1.6% and 1.4% were, respectively, achieved. Based on the aforementioned results, the general difference between experimental and theoretical vibration frequencies showed up to 10%, which is a satisfactory result of convergence. The obtained findings of this research can be used by engineers and technical workers in the industries of various fields, research institutes and professional companies in designing new earthquake-resistant steel tanks and strengthening existing ones. Conclusions were then mentioned at the end of the article.
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Mayangsari, Irna, Muh Dassir, and Makkarennu. "Partnership pattern for tapping pine SAP in groups community forest area in Cenrana District, Maros Regency." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 886, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012077. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/886/1/012077.
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Abstract This research aims to formulate a strategy for developing the pine resin for forest farmer groups community forest (KTH HKM). The location of this research is in Cenrana Baru Village, Cenrana Distric, Maros Regency. The number of respondents was 30 people, consist of 15 tapping farmers, one person from a non-government organization, 2 persons from community leaders and head of farmer group community. Data analysis is conducted descriptively and by using Analytical hierarchy Process (AHP). The results show that the partnership between wiretapping and wire transfer is a pattern of agribusiness between the wire company and the village head without involving KTH HKM. The partnership pattern that needs to be developed in reprocessing at the HKM area is a sub-contract pattern by KTH against sad-workers and pine gum entrepreneurs. The formulation of the strategy for developing a partnership pattern for pine resin tapping is assistance, human resource development and business management.
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Liu, Lanlan, Zhipeng Jiang, Feng Wang, Dehua Zou, Zhenyu Wang, and Jiani Yang. "Research on UAV’s Automatic Hang Method For Auxiliary High-voltage Transmission Line Device." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2260, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 012005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2260/1/012005.
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Abstract With the rapid development of high-voltage transmission networks, the coverage of overhead transmission lines has become wider and wider. The overhaul of live work is also becoming more frequent. In order to improve the efficiency of live maintenance, this paper proposes a mechanism that uses a large-load unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) to carry a wire-hanging mechanism by using the combination of U AV and machine vision. The new method based on the Local Binary Pattern (LBP)vision system to identify the wire realizes one-key hookup, and achieves the purpose of assisting the inspection robot and the online operation of live workers. This method can effectively solve the bottleneck problems of robot practicality such as the cumbersome online and offline process of robots and intelligent control of the operation process. It has important engineering application value for improving the modern live operation level of power transmission lines and the energy efficiency and intelligence of power grid operation.
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Masanga, Luisito P., Ernell Bautista Gutierrez, and Rommel De Vera. "Hazards and Risks Investigation of the Fit Out Project of RMM Construc-tion: Basis for Creation of an Occupational Construction and Health and Safety Program." International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research 5, no. 1 (January 25, 2024): 285–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.11594/ijmaber.05.01.25.
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The existence of hazards and risks in businesses is inevitable, specifically, in the construction industry. The research is qualitative by nature which aimed the identification and investigation of the actual hazards and risks in the workplace as experienced by the select construction workers as main participants in the research. A total of eleven (11) constructions workers were utilized in the research and selected by way of purposive sampling. During the focus discussions, participants are divided into three groups. Among others, results revealed the following construction-related hazards: Scattered Broken Tiles, Unstable Scaffolding, Scattered Nails, Insufficient Lightning, Exposed Extension Wire and Chiselling and Grinding, No Insulation and Physical Transport of Heavy materials. The research further investigated the level of risks in the identified hazard using the probability and severity matrix. At average, the identified risks obtained a high level of probability while severity at average is to medium or moderate only. Occupational Construction and Health and Safety Program was developed based on the results of this research.
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Rashid, Saida, Shamim Ara, and A. H. M. Mostafa Kamal. "Correlation of Different Anthropometric Measurements of Hand and Grip Strength in the Adult Female Bangladeshi Garment Workers." Journal of Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College 13, no. 2 (April 18, 2023): 171–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jssmc.v13i2.65181.
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Background: A reliable and valid measurement of hand anthropometry is important for designing dimensionally compatible hand tools, gloves and hand-held devices. Hand grip strength is accepted as an objective index for the functional integrity of upper extremity. The estimation of hand grip strength is of immense importance in determining the efficacy of different treatment strategies, treatment outcome and hand rehabilitation. The present study was planned to determine the various dimensions of hands, average hand grip strength of adult Bangladeshi female garment workers and the relationship between hand grip strength and different anthropometric measurements of hand. Material and Methods: Two hundred female garment workers of 20-25 years of age were selected by purposive non random sampling from five different garment factories of Dhaka and Narayangonj city. Different dimensions of both hands were measured directly with the help of digital slide caliper and flexible wire. Hand grip strength of both hands was measured by Smedley’s Hand Grip Strength Dynamometer. Result : Body height, weight, BMI, hand length and hand breadth of adult Bangladeshi garments workers showed positive correlation with hand grip strength, but only significant positive correlation was found between hand length and grip strength of right hand (r=+0.197, P<0.05) and left hand (r=+0.405, P<0.001). Conclusion: Significant positive correlation was found between hand anthropometry such as hand length, hand breadth and hand grip strength in adult Bangladeshi female garment workers. J Shaheed Suhrawardy Med Coll 2021; 13(2): 171-176
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Niu, Xiangdong, Kepeng Hou, and Huafen Sun. "A New Method for Calculating Anchor Mesh Parameters Based on the Energy Absorption Mechanism of Helmet." Advances in Civil Engineering 2023 (June 30, 2023): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/7506467.
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Considering the pressure-bearing mechanism of the safety helmet and as an anchored net is subjected to the surrounding rock mass, researchers should regard the support force as a safety criterion. Thus, a method for calculating the anchored mesh support parameters (mesh width and reinforcement diameter) is proposed in this paper. The method can provide a theoretical basis for selecting the technical parameters of an anchored mesh in active support in underground engineering. Calculation results show that a strong power relationship exists between the mesh width a of the anchor net and the distance h3 from the anchor net to the top of the worker’s safety helmet, that is, a = 12.891 e − 0.065 h 3 , and the correlation coefficient is R 2 = 0.947 . Moreover, the mesh width of the anchored mesh decreases with an increase in the distance from the anchored mesh to the top of the worker’s safety helmet. The anchored mesh parameters designed and selected by this method ensure that the rocks falling from the anchored mesh pose no safety threat to the workers wearing helmets. The parameters also prevent an excessively large steel wire/steel bar diameter of the anchored mesh, which lowers support costs and makes the selected technical parameters of the anchored mesh economical and safe.
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Masyagutova, Lyaylya Marselyevna, Elena Rafilovna Abdrakhmanova, Venera Talgatovna Akhmetshina, Elvira Fanisovna Gabdulvaleeva, Lilia Galievna Gizatullina, Svetlana Anifovna Gallyamova, Dinara Maratovna Vagapova, and Adelina Ruslanovna Gabdulvaleeva. "Features of diseases of the musculoskeletal and peripheral nervous systems in workers of metallurgical production in modern conditions." Sanitarnyj vrač (Sanitary Doctor), no. 11 (November 1, 2021): 48–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/med-08-2111-04.
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Manufacturing industries, including metallurgy, are the backbone of the country’s economy. A number of technological operations involve the impact of physical overload, heating microclimate, static load, and often entails the development of diseases of the musculoskeletal and peripheral nervous systems. The clinical picture of such patients is dominated by pain in various parts of the spinal column, in some cases, combined localization. The analysis of the results of the examination of the connection of diseases of the musculoskeletal and peripheral nervous systems with the profession, carried out by employees of a large metallurgical enterprise of the Republic of Bashkortostan (RB), using the archival material of the FBUN clinic «Ufa Research Institute of Occupational Medicine and Human Ecology» was carried out. The group of the main professions of the enterprise includes: wire drawing machine, wire rewinder, caliper, pyrometrist, laboratory assistant for physical and mechanical tests, automatic machine for cold landing machines, mechanic-repairman, sorter-delivery of metal. During the analyzed period, in 117 cases, the workers of the enterprise confirmed the professional etiology of the disease. The nosological structure in 60 % of cases of the first established occupational diseases is represented by diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue. A significant part of diseases of occupational etiology was detected in persons aged 50 to 59 years. Workers of the studied professional groups are at the highest risk of developing diseases of the musculoskeletal and peripheral nervous systems of professional etiology, which is due to the specific conditions of their professional activity. Establishing a connection between the disease and the profession is characterized by late detection, at the stage of pronounced clinical symptoms with the formation of persistent disability.
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AL-QATTAN, M. M. "Closed Reduction and Percutaneous K-Wires Versus Open Reduction and Interosseous Loop Wires for Displaced Unstable Transverse Fractures of the Shaft of the Proximal Phalanx of the Fingers in Industrial Workers." Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume) 33, no. 5 (October 2008): 552–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1753193408090130.
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Seventy-eight male industrial workers with displaced unstable transverse fractures of the shaft of the proximal phalanx of the fingers were divided into two groups: Group 1 ( n = 40 men, mean age = 34 years, range = 22–46 years) was treated with closed reduction and percutaneous K-wires, and Group 2 ( n = 38 men, mean age = 33 years, range = 20–48 years) was treated with open reduction and interosseous loop wire fixation. At final follow-up, the total active motion (TAM) score of the injured finger was graded as excellent, good, fair or poor if it was greater than 240°, 220°, 180° or less than 180°, respectively. Group 2 had significantly better overall TAM scores than Group 1 ( P = 0.03). The complication rate was higher in Group 1 than Group 2 (28% versus 11%) but the difference did not reach statistical significance ( P = 0.084). The results were compared with those reported by other authors and other techniques of fixation of these fractures.
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Fauziyah, Fauziyah, Fatimah Nursandi, and Untung Santoso. "PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH KAWAT MENJADI PRODUK KERAJINAN YANG MEMPUNYAI NILAI EKONOMIS TINGGI DI DESA NGEBRAK KABUPATEN KEDIRI." JURNAL ABDIKARYASAKTI 3, no. 1 (April 12, 2023): 23–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.25105/ja.v3i1.14267.
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Masyarakat di Desa Ngebrak Kabupaten Kediri, aktivitasnya membuat kerajinan dari limbah kawat pabrik seperti (Hanger kawat pakaian, Kerudung/jilbab, Tempat kue, dll) namun ada juga yang bekerja sebagai petani dan buruh pabrik. Sebelumnya masyarakat tidak ada yang membuat kerajinan dari kawat. Munculnya ide mereka dalam pembuatan hanger kawat adalah adanya limbah kawat dari pabrik Zig Zag dan Pamenang yang merupakan anak perusahaan PT. Gudang Garam. Limbah kawat dari pabrik tersebut berupa kawat gulungan dari sisa pakaging, kemudian gulungan tersebut dibeli oleh kelompok usaha/warga dan diproses menjadi produk hanger kawat. Gulungan kawat dari limbah pabrik tersebut oleh masyarakat sekitar ditampung dan dimanfaatkan untuk pembuatan Hanger Pakaian. Jadi bahan baku berasal dari limbah kawat. Sehingga masih ada ketergantungan terhadap persediaan bahan baku.
Pada awalnya warga desa Ngebrak hanya mampu membuat Hanger kawat secara manual dan belum pernah mendapatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan khusus dalam pembuatan kerajinan dari limbah kawat seperti : Tempat minum, tempat cangki, tempat gelas dan perabotan rumah tangga lainnya. Sehingga produk mereka hanya terbatas pada hanger kawat dan tataan panci saja, walaupun sebenarnya mereka ingin mengembangkan produk yang bervariasi.
Dengan adanya kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat dengan melakukan pendampingan, pelatihan, pembinaan dari aspek manajemen produksi, manajemen pemasaran, manajemen keuangan dan memberikan keterampilan membuat diversifikasi produk kerajinan dari limbah kawat. Masyarakat desa Ngebrak mampu dan bisa membuat kerajinan dari limbah kawat seperti : Hanger kawat (anak-anak, dewasa, jilbab/kerudung); Tempat minum, Tempat cangkir, Tempat kue, Tempat sajian makanan dan perabotan rumah tangga lainnya.
Kata Kunci : Limbah Kawat , Diversifikasi Produk, Kerajinan kawat, Hanger kawat.
ABSTRACT
The community in Ngebrak Village, Kediri Regency, makes handicrafts from factory wire waste such as (clothing wire hangers, veils/veils, cake holders, etc.) but there are also those who work as farmers and factory workers. Previously there were no people who made crafts from wire. The emergence of their idea in the manufacture of wire hangers is the presence of wire waste from the Zig Zag and Pamenang factories which are subsidiaries of PT. Gudang Garam. Wire waste from the factory is in the form of coiled wire from the remaining packaging, then the coils are purchased by business groups/citizens and processed into wire hanger products. The coils of wire from the factory waste are accommodated by the surrounding community and used for making clothes hangers. So the raw material comes from wire waste. So there is still dependence on the supply of raw materials.
At first the villagers of Ngebrak were only able to make wire hangers manually and had never received special knowledge and skills in making handicrafts from wire waste such as: drinking holder, cup holder, glass holder and other household furniture. So that their products are only limited to wire hangers and pans, even though they really want to develop a variety of products.
With community service activities by providing assistance, training, coaching from aspects of production management, marketing management, financial management and providing skills to diversify handicraft products from wire waste. The people of Ngebrak village are able and able to make crafts from wire waste such as: wire hangers (children, adults, headscarves/veils); Drink holder, cup holder, cake holder, food serving place and other household furniture.
Keywords: Wire Waste, Product Diversification, Wire Craft, Wire Hanger.
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Drapac, Vesna. "The Devotion of French Prisoners of War and Requisitioned Workers to Thérèse of Lisieux: Transcending the ‘Diocese behind Barbed Wire’." Journal of War & Culture Studies 7, no. 3 (July 17, 2014): 283–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/1752627214z.00000000049.
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Haryudiniarti, Ayu Nurul, and Widya Putri. "Work Analysis of Wire Handling Process Using Work Sampling Method and Standard Time Determination." Journal of Global Engineering Research and Science 1, no. 1 (July 1, 2022): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.56904/jgers.v1i1.8.
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Productivity is one of the main factors in the company where productivity will affect the production output. This research was conducted on the wire handling process and the method used was work sampling and standard time determination, where previously statistical calculations were carried out to see the uniformity of the data and also the adequacy of the data. The method used in this study is the work sampling method, where time data sampling is done using a table of random numbers. In addition, standard time calculations are also carried out. The results obtained are productive activities as many as 160 out of 200 observations or by 80% and non-productive activities by 40 out of 200 observations or by 20%. Statistical testing for data uniformity shows that the observation data from the first day to the fifth day are (1) 0.80 (2) 0.80 (3) 0.825 (4) 0.80 (5) 0.775 still within the upper control limit and the lower control limit, which are 1.1 respectively. and 0.5. Sampling of the work that has been done can be concluded that with a 95% confidence level the percentage of working time that can be used productively by workers is 80% with a conclusion error rate of 10%. The standard time calculation obtained is 125.12 minutes for the wire handling process where this can still be improved if the operator is given training.
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Walder, Joseph S. "Motion of Sub-Freezing Ice Past Particles, with Applications to Wire Regelation and Frozen Soils." Journal of Glaciology 32, no. 112 (1986): 404–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022143000012119.
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Abstract Existence of a very thin layer of adsorbed water adjacent to particles embedded in ice allows relative motion between ice and particles even at sub-freezing temperatures if there are either applied stresses or macroscopic temperature gradients. Theoretical analysis of such motion involving a single sphere demonstrates that such motion is dominantly due either to “viscous” deformation in the ice or to mass transport in the liquid layer at temperatures below the nominal pressure melting-point, depending on the ratio of the sphere’s radius to a temperature-dependent “transition radius”. This result should also hold for motion of a cylinder (for which the creeping flow problem has no known analytical solution). Reviewing data on wire regelation at sub-freezing temperatures in the context of this analysis suggests that all “anomalous” data correspond to cases in which wire radii were greater than the transition radius, leading to dominance of ice-deformation effects. Ice motion past very small particles, on the other hand, is essentially accommodated entirely by mass transfer through the liquid layer. This result lends support to the “rigid-ice” model of frost heaving as proposed by R.D. Miller and co-workers, and permits approximate analysis of ice movement through a porous soil. In all cases involving relative motion between ice and particles at sub-freezing temperatures, the existence of macroscopic temperature gradients plays an important role.
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Walder, Joseph S. "Motion of Sub-Freezing Ice Past Particles, with Applications to Wire Regelation and Frozen Soils." Journal of Glaciology 32, no. 112 (1986): 404–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/s0022143000012119.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractExistence of a very thin layer of adsorbed water adjacent to particles embedded in ice allows relative motion between ice and particles even at sub-freezing temperatures if there are either applied stresses or macroscopic temperature gradients. Theoretical analysis of such motion involving a single sphere demonstrates that such motion is dominantly due either to “viscous” deformation in the ice or to mass transport in the liquid layer at temperatures below the nominal pressure melting-point, depending on the ratio of the sphere’s radius to a temperature-dependent “transition radius”. This result should also hold for motion of a cylinder (for which the creeping flow problem has no known analytical solution). Reviewing data on wire regelation at sub-freezing temperatures in the context of this analysis suggests that all “anomalous” data correspond to cases in which wire radii were greater than the transition radius, leading to dominance of ice-deformation effects. Ice motion past very small particles, on the other hand, is essentially accommodated entirely by mass transfer through the liquid layer. This result lends support to the “rigid-ice” model of frost heaving as proposed by R.D. Miller and co-workers, and permits approximate analysis of ice movement through a porous soil. In all cases involving relative motion between ice and particles at sub-freezing temperatures, the existence of macroscopic temperature gradients plays an important role.
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Dempsey, Jessica, and Rosemary-Claire Collard. "If biodiversity offsets are a dead end for conservation, what is the live wire? A response to Apostolopoulou & Adams." Oryx 51, no. 1 (October 18, 2016): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605316000752.
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Ecofeminist Maria Mies describes capitalist social relations as an iceberg. The visible tip represents the formal economy, where capitalist value emerges from exploited waged labourers and the circulation of monetized goods and assets. Underneath the waterline lurks the rest of the iceberg, and its size dwarfs the tip. Here, Mies points to a much larger world of exploitation on which commodity production and profit-making depend: women, colonies and, at the very base, nature. The bodies, places and materials of the submerged, invisible iceberg supply unwaged labour and unpriced inputs and energies that are productive; capitalism depends on this deeply undervalued work. Let us restate: capitalism exploits, yes, but strangely, it is a mode of organizing society that also relies on this exploitation. As Mies ([1986]1998, p. 200) writes, ‘the exploitation of colonies, as well as that of women and other non-wage workers, is absolutely crucial to the capitalist accumulation process’; this exploitation ‘constitutes the eternal basis for capitalist accumulation’ (Mies, 2007, p. 269).
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Bakirov, Ahat B., Liliiana Kh Salavatova, Elena R. Abdrakhmanova, Lyaylya M. Masyagutova, Raisa A. Alakaeva, Elvira F. Gabdulkhaeva, and Alsu S. Khafizova. "Diagnostic methods of the impact on the life’s quality of lumbar pain syndromes in workers of harmful industries." Russian Journal of Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology 62, no. 4 (May 25, 2022): 259–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.31089/1026-9428-2022-62-4-259-265.
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Occupational diseases associated with pain syndrome in the lower part are one of the most common causes of physical and psychological health disorders. Lower back pain (LBP) also affects labor productivity and the social sphere of life and is becoming an increasingly important factor in the growth of medical care costs. The study aims to research a comprehensive study of the impact of chronic LBP on the quality of life of workers in unfavorable conditions of metallurgical production. Experts have carried out a hygienic assessment of working conditions according to the data of the special assessment of working conditions cards, a questionnaire (a questionnaire of disorders of vital activity in Oswestrovsky's lower back pain, a questionnaire of McGill's pain) and a clinical examination of 132 employees (men) of various industries of the metallurgical enterprise. We analyzed the results of additional instrumental examination methods: radiography of the lumbar spine and electroneuromyography of the nerves of the lower extremities. Under the working conditions of workers of the leading professions of metallurgical production, combined and combined effects of harmful production factors are characteristic, the integral assessment of which corresponds to class 3.2. The severity of the labor process among employees of the studied professions was within classes 2.0.-3.1. According to the McGill questionnaire experts have found statistically significant differences in the main occupational groups: the highest pain indicators were in the group of wire-drawing workers (index - 7.5±4.9; rank - 14.6±10.2) and drivers of intra-factory vehicles (index - 6.9±4.4; rank - 15.1±11.3). After the treatment there were positive dynamics in the values of rank indicators on the affective and evaluative scales (p<0.05). Researchers have identified statistically significant differences between all the studied groups (F=2.55, p=0.041), when using the Oswestrovsky questionnaire. There were degenerative-dystrophic changes of the spine on radiographs of the lumbar spine. According to the results of an electroneuromyographic study, the authors revealed signs of dysfunction at the level of segments L5-S1-2 of the lumbosacral spine. As a result of the study, we have revealed the relationship between the early detection of disorders of the musculoskeletal system with the peculiarities of the labor process and the deterioration of the quality of worker’s life in the production of hardware. To assess the intensity of LBP in workers engaged in harmful working conditions, it is possible to use the McGill and Oswestrovsky pain questionnaires. The detection of pain syndrome and early rehabilitation in people with occupational diseases of the musculoskeletal system contributes to prolonging the working age and improving the quality of life in people with physical overload in the workplace.
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Latif, Antinah. "NOISE LEVEL INVESTIGATION (L-MIN AND L-MAX) IN PRINTING LABORATORY AT POLITEKNIK NEGERI MEDIA KREATIF, JAKARTA." Jurnal Ilmiah Publipreneur 7, no. 1 (September 4, 2020): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.46961/jip.v7i1.67.
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Printing is one of the activities that have job risks for its workers. One of the risks of works in printing is the presence of physical environment factors. This study aims to determine the noise level with different types of machines in the printing lab at Politeknik Negeri Media Kreatif, Jakarta. The study design used in this research is descriptively obtained through direct measurements using Sound Level Meters in digital printing work areas, Computer to Print machines (pre-press), 4 color sakura brand printing machines (press), and production machines in the post-press machine that is a folding, cutting machine, wire sewing machine, binding machine, and press machine. Obtained an average of different noise levels each section under 85 dBA tolerated by law.
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Šprah, Andrej. "Engaged Documentary Cinema in Independent Slovenia." Panoptikum, no. 30 (December 28, 2023): 100–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.26881/pan.2023.30.06.
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The essay discusses engaged documentary cinema in independent Slovenia. It focuses on the aspects of political engagement that address the deprived, underprivileged or oppressed communities and groups in contemporary Slovenian society. In the most unenviable position among them are members of the Roma community, the administratively erased inhabitants stripped of all their civil rights, exploited seasonal workers, representatives of the LGBTQIA+ community and the like. The discussion devotes its main attention to the operation of the informal collective Newsreel Front and its latest project “If the Forests Could Talk, They Would Dry Up with Sadness”, which documents the tragic situation of the refugees on the so-called “Balkan route” and their attempts at crossing the border between Croatia and Slovenia, fenced off with a razor wire.
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Enemark, Søren, Ilmar F. Santos, and Marcelo A. Savi. "Modelling, characterisation and uncertainties of stabilised pseudoelastic shape memory alloy helical springs." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 27, no. 20 (July 28, 2016): 2721–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x16635845.
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The thermo-mechanical behaviour of pseudoelastic shape memory alloy helical springs is of concern discussing stabilised and cyclic responses. Constitutive description of the shape memory alloy is based on the framework developed by Lagoudas and co-workers incorporating two modifications related to hardening and sub-loop functions designated by Bézier curves. The spring model takes into account both bending and torsion of the spring wire, thus representing geometrical non-linearities. Simplified models are explored showing that a single point in the wire cross section is enough to represent the global spring behaviour in spite of complex stress–strain distributions. The experiments are carried out considering different deflection amplitudes, frequencies and ambient temperatures, which influence the spring behaviour to different extents. The model is fitted against a calibration data set resulting in 1.3% residual standard deviation relative to the full range force. Compared to the validation data set, the errors are below 10% relative to the full range of the complex modulus. Uncertainty analysis of the model parameters using a Markov chain Monte Carlo technique shows low to high parameter correlation, and the relative uncertainties are less than ±12%. Both the heat capacity and the convection coefficient are clearly identifiable from the performed experiments.
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Kim, Eui-Soo. "Evaluation of Cushioning Effect and Human Injury According to Occupant Posture and Use of Air Mat in Case of Elevator Fall." Applied Sciences 13, no. 19 (September 23, 2023): 10607. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app131910607.
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Because of the function of facilities that transport individuals and luggage to elevated locations, poor maintenance and human errors by users and workers can result in many elevator accidents annually. In particular, given the characteristics of an elevator used by an unspecified number of people, in the event of a fall accident due to wire rope cutting, an occupant’s body may be fatally injured, thereby causing substantial human damage. To minimize human injury, it is important to reduce the relative impact speed between the car and the pit by utilizing the buffer effect according to the role of the safety device and the posture of occupants. The AIS (Abbreviated Injury Scale) is an anatomical-based coding system established by the Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine that classifies and describes the severity of injuries. In this study, through human injury analysis, safety device operation such as speed governor and buffer when cutting elevator wire rope, occupant’s behavior, and air mat usage were used to derive force and torque values for the injured part, and then determine the amount of impact and degree of injury to the human body using the multibody model provided by the MADYMO program and AIS by analyzing the buffering effect of the impact.
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Neffke, Frank M. H. "The value of complementary co-workers." Science Advances 5, no. 12 (December 2019): eaax3370. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aax3370.
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As individuals specialize in specific knowledge areas, a society’s know-how becomes distributed across different workers. To use this distributed know-how, workers must be coordinated into teams that, collectively, can cover a wide range of expertise. This paper studies the interdependencies among co-workers that result from this process in a population-wide dataset covering educational specializations of millions of workers and their co-workers in Sweden over a 10-year period. The analysis shows that the value of what a person knows depends on whom that person works with. Whereas having co-workers with qualifications similar to one’s own is costly, having co-workers with complementary qualifications is beneficial. This co-worker complementarity increases over a worker’s career and offers a unifying framework to explain seemingly disparate observations, answering questions such as “Why do returns to education differ so widely?” “Why do workers earn higher wages in large establishments?” “Why are wages so high in large cities?”
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Negi, Meena, Vandana K. Dhingra, Ashok Kumar, and Mayank Goswami. "Measurement of Radiation Exposure of Hands and Fingers of Nuclear Medicine Personnel Using Innovative Low-Cost GM Based System." European Journal of Theoretical and Applied Sciences 1, no. 6 (November 1, 2023): 411–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.59324/ejtas.2023.1(6).40.
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Pocket dosimeters are used commonly in Nuclear Medicine or radiology workers for daily dose measurement or during certain high radiation exposure procedures for short periods of time. These are expensive and have many maintenance costs. It may not be feasible to procure many at a time due to cost restraints. We designed a low cost remote dose monitoring device for measurement of radiation for short periods of time. Measuring device was constructed using micro Geiger Muller Counter. The micro-Geiger Counter with model no SBM21 was connected to high voltage circuit and the output signal was obtained. After this, output signal was sent it to Arduino circuit running custom code ESP8266 and readings was made on the mobile/ laptop application after connecting to Arduino circuit running custom code ESP8266 via internet. Readings were taken for short durations during certain periods. Readings were compared to the standard measuring instrument simultaneously. The tube was connected to their hands for hand exposure with a wire. Readings were recorded in the form of μSv/h or mSv/h. RESULT: Total readings were taken during various occasions while preparing (59) and dispensing (45) radioisotopes. During preparation of radiopharmaceuticals, average readings for 99mTc-Sestamibi[16 SAMPLE] (100mCi to 250mCi), 99mTc-MDP [21SAMPLE] (150-200mCi) and 99mTc-DTPA [22SAMPLES] (10-20mCi) were 1115 μSv/h, 3083 μSv/h and 453 μSv/h respectively. During dispensing of radiopharmaceuticals, average readings of total 15 sample each for 99mTc-Sestamibi (100mCi to 250mCi), 99mTc-MDP (150-200mCi) and 99mTc-DTPA (10-20mCi) were 351μSv/h, 209 μSv/h and 235 μSv/h respectively. It was feasible for the worker to fit the measuring device in their pocket while working. Conclusion: Our pilot study revealed accurate readings >95% of the times for short periods of time. Study designing, standardization of readings with more real time accuracy can make this method more reliable and is a low cost means to monitor short periods of radiation exposure for radiation workers.
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Negru, Mihaela, Violeta Calotă, Lavinia Călugăreanu, and Dana Mateș. "Occupational exposure to inorganic lead and its compounds in Romania." Romanian Journal of Occupational Medicine 71, no. 1 (December 1, 2020): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rjom-2020-0004.
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AbstractLead and its compounds are hazardous chemical agents; some lead compounds, are classified as carcinogens in humans. In Romania, the occupational exposure to inorganic lead and its compounds occurs in many sectors: production of lead, manufacture of batteries, manufacture of thermal ceramic products (terracotta), production of electric and electronic components, manufacture of articles of metal wire, production of dyes and additives for plastics, recovery of lead from waste batteries, waste collection and treatment of electrical and electronic equipment, etc. The binding occupational limit value for inorganic lead compounds established under the national regulations is 0.15 mg/m3 in the air (measured in relation to a reference period of eight hours, time-weighted average, TWA). The binding biological limit value is 70 μg Pb/100 ml blood. We have summarized lead occupational exposure data collected from the regional public health authorities in Romania, for the period 2011-2019. The concentrations of lead recorded in the workplaces air varied between “not detected” and 0.22 mg/m3. The lead concentrations in the blood had high values (over the alert value of 40 μg/100 ml blood) in several activities (production of lead, recovery-recycling of lead from waste batteries, manufacture of batteries, and manufacture of articles of metal wire) leading to the need of continuous surveillance of health status for the exposed workers.
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Park, Myeong Chul, and Sang Hoon Shin. "A Study on Lashing Plan for Marine Transport of Large Scaffolding Module for LNG Carriers." Taegu Science University Defense Security Institute 6, no. 3 (June 30, 2022): 25–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.37181/jscs.2022.6.3.025.
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Scaffolding is not a structure of a building or hull, but it is a temporary installation installed for high-place work, such as ceiling construction of a building or the inside of a tank of a ship. It is closely related to membrane LNG carriers, which are high value-added vessels in the shipbuilding field. Scaffolding plays a very important role in efficiency of work and safety of workers. Depending on how it is installed, it is a factor that has a great impact on shortening the construction period for LNG carriers, so each shipyard has made a lot of effort to develop new construction methods. The purpose of this study is to derive a lashing plan for marine transport of large modules to maximize the utility of the mounted method of the large scaffolding modules developed. The Lashing plan is a way to secure a large module on the barge for safe marine transport. The safety factor is derived for the safety of the large module and wire rope during transportation and the type, diameter and lashing position of the wire rope satisfying the safety factor are determined. It is considered that the safety of the marine transport plan was verified through hundreds of successful actual marine transports by applying the lashing plan derived from this study.
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Syamsudin, Syamsudin, Eko Hadi Sucipto, and Hana Sartika. "Analisa Produktivitas Pada Divisi Produksi PT. XYZ Menggunakan Metode Objective Matrix (OMAX)." Jurnal Penelitian Teknik industri 1, no. 1 (March 10, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.51999/jpti.v1i1.1.
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PT. XYZ is a company engaged in the fabrication industry. Based on data in 2018 and 2019 this company has not been able to reach the predetermined production target. Another problem is the amount of resources used is not proportional to the results of production. The purpose of this study is to measure the level of productivity of the Production Division. The method used is the Objective Matrix (OMAX) method. Determination of the weight of each ratio using the AHP method. The second objective is to determine the proposed improvement using a traffic light system, Pareto diagram, cause-effect diagram, and 5W + 1H. The measurement criteria are the use of steel plates, electricity consumption, welding wire, time to repair, normal working hours, overtime and the number of workers. Based on the measurement results using the OMAX method, it is known that there is a decrease in the level of productivity to below the standard productivity level, namely in January of -0.171, March of -0.03, July of -0.15 and December of -0.29. The productivity level that was above the standard productivity level occurred in February of 0.37, May of 1.80, June of 0.10, August of 0.32, September of 1.096, October of 1.82, November of 0.01 , with a traffic light system and Pareto diagram, improvements were made to the welding wire consumption performance.