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Journal articles on the topic 'Wire icing'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 30 May 2022

Last updated: 31 May 2022

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1

Zhao, Yu Qian, Pan Wang, and Ding Gao. "Automatic Anti-Icing Robot of High-Voltage Transmission Wire." Applied Mechanics and Materials 130-134 (October 2011): 3568–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.130-134.3568.

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The problem of persistent icing on high-voltage line is very serious and cause severe losses. In order to solve the high-voltage line freezing, an automatic anti-icing robot (AAR) of high-voltage transmission line is designed in a new way. In this article, the technologies of take power online (TPO), mechatronics and network group control (NGC) are used in the designs. The automatic anti-icing robot (AAR) can work continuously in all weather and be controlled in large scale. In addition, a de-icing tool is designed specially. In conclusion, the automatic anti-icing robot of high-voltage transmission line can effectively solve the freezing of the high voltage line and has a large value of reference and promotion.

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2

Wang, Chun Lei, Bai Lian Chen, Li Bing Zheng, Hua Chao Fang, and Li Han. "A New Wire Icing Automatic Monitoring System Based on Wireless Communication Platform." Applied Mechanics and Materials 527 (February 2014): 301–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.527.301.

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In view of the wire icing field monitoring in the process of the field data acquisition is difficult in the southwest mountainous area in Guizhou, the first generation of the present situation of the system operation reliability is not high, a new generation of automatic field wire icing monitoring system has been developed. The new generation of the system adopts ARM/Linux platform, Ice data can be sent via wireless transmission. With the digital acquisition mode of the System sensor, new system can monitor wire icing state stably, continuously. Data collected by GPS can be sent to the remote server of meteorological department which can provide data support for wire icing forecast. From November 2010 to March 2013, the new generation of wire icing monitoring system was carried out three times field test in Meihuashan,Weining field site test points, Kaiyang weather service stations and Wanshan SAR weather service stations in Guizhou. Results show that the system meets requirement of field site test and have further promotion value in the wire icing test requirements area.

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3

Wang, Tianshu, Shengjie Niu, Jingjing Lv, Yue Zhou, and Yuan Wang. "Observation and Simulation Studies of Three Types of Wire Icing." Atmosphere 10, no. 5 (May 1, 2019): 234. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos10050234.

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Research on three types of wire icing evolution mechanism is of great significance for ice disaster recognition and prediction. Comprehensive field observations of wire icing were conducted in the winters of 2015/2016 and 2016/2017 at the Lushan Mountain Meteorological Bureau Observatory (elevation 1164.5 m), Jiangxi Province, China, and the ice thickness, weather phenomena, meteorological elements, and fog spectrum were measured. Four icing cases were recorded, in which high ice-producing conditions, such as freezing rain, snow and supercooled fog, occurred. The icing growth and shedding mechanisms in three types of weather (freezing rain, snow, and supercooled fog) were analyzed and compared. Considering mixed ice-producing conditions, the ice thickness was simulated by integrating freezing rain, snow, and supercooled fog icing models, with inputs such as the precipitation rate and wind speed. The average measured icing growth rates in freezing rain, snow, and supercooled fog were 0.4, 0.3, and 0.2 mm h−1, respectively. The correlations between the icing growth rate and both the temperature and the wind speed were stronger in the snow and supercooled fog than in freezing rain. With the decreasing temperature, the icing growth rate increased faster with snow, while that in supercooled fog increased faster as the wind speed increased. In freezing rain, snow, and supercooled fog, the icing growth rates were all positively correlated with the ice thickness, with correlation coefficients of 0.55, 0.67, and 0.79, respectively. Ice was shed when the temperature remained below 0 °C, the wind speed fell to 2.7 m s−1, and the fog liquid water content fell to 0.036 g m−3 in supercooled fog, and when the solar radiation increased and the temperature exceeded 0 °C in freezing rain. The average sticking efficiency of the wire to snow was 0.03; its variation range was 0.01–0.10. The integrated model can simulate the changes in actual ice thickness well.

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4

He, Qing, Xi-feng Lv, and Xiao-tong Zhao. "Overhead Transmission Lines Deicing under Different Incentive Displacement." Journal of Applied Mathematics 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/872198.

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Overhead transmission line icing is one of the main factors affecting safety and reliability of power grid. This paper proposed an excitation deicing method of iced wire and theoretically revealed the ice removal mechanism under displacement excitation conditions, by taking the LGJ-70/10 glaze icing wire as the 3D model and analyzing and studying its dynamic response under the effect of displacement excitation. The simulation results show that the stress of wire icing area is enlarged with the increase of excitation displacement and frequency. Through the comparison of the compression strength experimental results on a series of different iced wires in low temperature environment, the authors found out that the stress generated from the wire icing area is greater than the crushing strength of the ice within the scope of the calculation parameters, which proved the validity and the feasibility of the method, and finally the suitable excitation displacement is determined. Following studies show that, as far as possible, it is necessary to reduce the incentive displacement and also to select the appropriate constraint length in order to avoid the line jumping that may be caused by large span ice shedding.

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5

Yu, Fa Shan, Hui Ming Lou, Yang Gao, and Xi Fang Tian. "Research of Monitoring Method of Ice Thickness for Continuous Slant Spans of High-Tension Line." Applied Mechanics and Materials 329 (June 2013): 148–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.329.148.

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High voltage overhead line icing thickness directly affects the safety operation of transmission lines, how to realize line icing monitoring has been a hot research issue in recent years, the continuous up and downhill terrain transmission line is regarded as the main research object, according to the wire suspension point inclination angle and insulator strings offset angle the detection method of calculating line icing thickness was proposed, based on the inclination angle and the inclination of wire suspension insulator icing thickness calculation mathematical model was developed, simulation research was conducted with MATLAB GUI interface, the efficiency of this method for line icing thickness detection is proved.

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6

Zhao, Yu Qian, Mei Ling Zhang, and Lian Jie Ma. "Design and Analysis of High-Tension Lines De-Icing Device." Applied Mechanics and Materials 313-314 (March 2013): 621–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.313-314.621.

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To overcome the problem of the de-icing for high-voltage wire which is nowadays done artificially and dangerously, a kind of impact type de-icing device was designed in this paper. A cam and de-icing tool are designed specially for the device. The device can conduct deicing operation automatically and realize the automatic reciprocating walking on the transmission line. In conclusion, the impact type de-icing device for transmission line can effectively solve the problem of the ice coating on the transmission line and has a large value of reference and promotion.

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7

Swainson, Ian Peter, and Lachlan Michael David Cranswick. "Safety considerations with top-loading cryostats, involving `icing-up' of the sample space with solid air." Journal of Applied Crystallography 43, no. 1 (December 18, 2009): 206–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889809049693.

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Safety considerations involving `icing-up' with solid air of the sample space of top-loading cryostat equipment are discussed, where uncontrolled de-icing may cause a flash-to-gas, leading to trapped volumes being placed under high pressure. Methods of prevention and resolution of freeze-ups are elaborated, and a case is made for using a helium leak detector as part of sample changing and a heating wire wrapped around the sample stick for de-icing.

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8

Cardinas, Dana, Manju George, Amber Norton, and Renee Gentzel. "Patient-initiated approach to prevent oxaliplatin induced peripheral neuropathy: A social media experiment." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2020): e16140-e16140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.e16140.

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e16140 Background: Oxaliplatin continues to be the standard of care in the adjuvant and palliative setting in colorectal cancer (CRC). Although effective in CRC treatment, it is associated with a high risk of chemotherapy induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN), which can debilitate the patient, prevent completion of care, and deteriorate their quality of life. Methods: Colontown is a Facebook-based CRC patient and caregiver support, education and advocacy group. Live Wire, a Colontown neighborhood that was formed in 2018 to help members manage CIPN, consists of over 700 CRC patients. One member of this group applied ice on hands and feet (‘icing’) during oxaliplatin infusion to limit exposure to chemotherapy via cold-induced vasoconstriction. The member was able to prevent CIPN, gaining the attention of the entire group. Results: Subsequently, popularization of icing occurred, as administrators communicated patient experiences and relayed published results on the effect of oral icing to patients. Several Colontown members voluntarily tried it during their chemotherapy, and reported successful outcomes. Live Wire created an “icing protocol” and distributed it to patients, oncologists, and care teams, both in-person and on social media (sm). Conclusions: This real-world example highlights the role of educated patient advocates on sm. Working with these groups directly can provide insights for the medical community on measures patients can do to prevent chemotherapy-associated side effects. The limited publications on icing to prevent CIPN, although promising, have not been enough to make it a recommended standard practice. Meanwhile, voluntary participation using icing for CIPN is growing in Colontown. At this time, Colontown is discussing with oncologists and cancer centers the potential of creating a clinical trial to verify the efficacy icing has during oxaliplatin infusion as a strategy to counter CIPN. Our hope is that this patient-informed icing protocol will be able to guide the design of a clinical trial on icing. Furthermore, with this “experiment”, we hope to illustrate the advantages of serious engagement with a large patient population through the modern use of social media.

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9

Wei, Yi Zhen, and Pan Su. "The Numerical Research on the Jumping Induced by the Uniform and Non-Uniform Ice-Shedding of Transmission Lines." Advanced Materials Research 986-987 (July 2014): 611–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.986-987.611.

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This paper introduces several kinds of icing and ice-off simulation method: the equivalent load method, quality method, Támás model method and cell death method. With a large span cross section as an example, using finite element method, established the finite element model of single span icing wire, analyzed the non-uniform ice-off and the even ice-off,the results show that: Non-uniform ice-off dynamic tension is significantly smaller than even ice-off dynamic tension,the smallest dynamic tension is closely related to wire jump amplitude, the greater jump amplitude leads to the smaller dynamic tension,the essence of which is determined by the conductor slack.

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10

Titov, D. E., A. G. Soshinov, and N. Ju Shewchenko. "Thermodynamic Method of Glaze Ice Monitoring on Air Lines Wires." Applied Mechanics and Materials 698 (December 2014): 803–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.698.803.

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11

Lu, Jia Zheng, Chun Zhao, Bo Li, Zhen Fang, and Hong Xian Zhang. "A Novel Overhead Ground Wire with Winded Insulated Conductors for Ice-Melting." Advanced Materials Research 614-615 (December 2012): 1168–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.614-615.1168.

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Serious icing on overhead ground wires threatens the safe running of power system. Common overhead ground wires are difficult to realize ice-melting. A novel overhead ground wire structure for ice-melting is proposed. Some conductors coated with insulation layer are winded around the galvanized steel wires in a special way. Ice-melting experiments are performed on the novel overhead ground wire. Experimental results show that 30 W per meter of the wire is an economic power while 40 W per meter of the wire is an effective power for ice-melting. Engineering application of the novel overhead ground wire with insulated conductors is carried out. With the light moveable de-icer, onsite experiment is performed. Under the power of 40 W per meter of the wire, a temperature rise of 10 °C is achieved in 30 minutes. The result shows that the novel overhead ground wire can meet the demands of engineering application.

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12

Bagi, Tamas. "Analytical and Experimental Investigation of Ice Melting in Power Line Ground Wires." Periodica Polytechnica Mechanical Engineering 64, no. 2 (March 10, 2020): 159–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/ppme.15299.

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The present case study, using computer modeling technology, is to investigate the process of ice melting (de-icing) on iced ground wires due to current flowing through the ground wire. Using the AC model, the time course of heating of the given ground wire has been determined, and treating the results as input to the thermal model, the ice melting process has also been investigated by finite element thermal analysis. After comparing the elements by computer analysis to laboratory measurements, the results obtained were validated with numerical analysis.

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13

Daniels, Joseph W., and Ernest Heymsfield. "Development of anti-icing airfield pavement using surface-embedded heat wire." International Journal of Pavement Engineering 21, no. 6 (August 13, 2018): 725–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10298436.2018.1508842.

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14

Marausna, G., F. S. Reza, and F. Jayadi. "Experimental Analysis of Heat Transfer on the Tubular Tube Heater with a Variable of Twisted Tape Inserts and Wire Coil to Prevent the Icing Contaminated Tailplane Stall." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2111, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2111/1/012018.

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Abstract An anti-icing system has the purpose of protecting the leading edge of the tailplane from contamination during aircraft flight. An anti-icing system in a turboprop aircraft employs heaters that use electrical energy as their power source or heat generated by the bleed air. Protecting the tailplane from contamination is preventing the aircraft stall from occurring that triggers dangerous flight conditions. The aluminum prototype tailplane is assembled with a variable of twisted tape insert and wire coil. The twisted tape insert comes in three different geometries with twist ratio T3 = 9.3; T4 = 7; and T5 = 5.6, as well as a wire coil with fixed geometry. This study shows the best heat transfer rate occurs in T3 with a value of 33.90 W. The consequence of this condition is an decrease in pressure drop that occurs. Twisted 3 has the greatest pressure drop when compared to other geometry, with an average value of 4.72 Pa.

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15

Zhou, Yue, Shengjie Niu, and Jingjing Lü. "The influence of freezing drizzle on wire icing during freezing fog events." Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 30, no. 4 (June 18, 2013): 1053–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00376-012-2030-y.

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16

Zhang, Bin, Jin Wang, Jun Ying Song, Hong Ming Yang, and Xi Zhe Liu. "The Study on Anti-Icing Critical Current of Overhead Conductors." Advanced Materials Research 143-144 (October 2010): 428–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.143-144.428.

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Preventing high-voltage power transmission lines ice-covered is ensure to power system the important guarantee of safe and reliable operation in the extreme weather. The size of anti-ice critical current is reasonable or not will directly affect the anti-ice effect. This paper conducts a comprehensive analysis of thermal balance process of the wire surface, and proposes a critical current model to anti-ice. In this paper, the minimum melting ice current of under the ultra-thin ice cover (0.05mm) circumstance is regarded as the anti-ice currents. Finally, by the model established in this article, calculating critical current of some typical wires in Hunan electric power grid, and the result is compared with result of existing literature made the critical current model, verified accuracy of model.

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17

Vagapov, G. V. "Diagnostics of the ice on the strike protection wire." Power engineering: research, equipment, technology 21, no. 4 (December 9, 2019): 104–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.30724/1998-9903-2019-21-4-104-112.

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The relevance of the research problem is chose of effective technology of strike protection wire monitoring in span with use of technical system of analysis of technical condition of strike protection wire of 110 kV voltage power line for complex assessment of the impact of both external climatic factors from wind and ice loads and the magnitude of the thermal elongation of the strike protection wire with influence of current during de-icing process. Analysis of the strike protection wire mode and their limiting values of mechanical strength allow evaluation of the effectiveness of events of prevent of accidents and reduce the undersupply of electricity to the end consumers. Visualization of the operative parameters of the strike protection wire in the span of the overhead power line will allow reduce the time to make decisions on the prevention of accidents of lines. Algorithm of monitoring of operative parameters of wires of overhead power lines base on information of longitudinal and transverse angles received from sensors installed directly on the strike protection wire.

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18

Dementyev, Sergei, and Pavel Kuteynikov. "Intelligent system for ice damage prevention on EHV overhead power lines." Energy Safety and Energy Economy 2 (April 2022): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.18635/2071-2219-2022-2-5-11.

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Most of the damage on overhead transmission lines happens due to ice accumulation on conductors. This paper is devoted to ice damage prevention on extra high voltage split-phase overhead power lines. The key idea is using high-frequency heat up of wires instead of de-icing with power supply interruption. It is proven that keeping wire temperature at 0 °C is enough for the damage prevention purpose. The authors demonstrate the structure and description of the developed damage prevention system with adaptive control depending on climate conditions.

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19

Hong, Xiaobin, Jianxi Zhou, Guojian Huang, and Lei Ni. "Synergetic damage recognition approach for messenger wire in icing environment using piezoceramic transducers." Measurement 122 (July 2018): 522–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2017.06.019.

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20

Liu, Chun Cheng, and Jiao Liu. "Ice Accretion of Glaze Loads Model on Wires of Power Transmission Lines." Advanced Materials Research 189-193 (February 2011): 3225–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.189-193.3225.

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In connection with the process of glaze ice, prediction models about height and thickness of ice coating under uniform and non-uniform ice accretion of wire are presented by taking into account local collision efficiency, freeze coefficient and collection coefficient based on the existing model at home and abroad. The time-dependent ice models on the conditions of different median volume diameter of super-cooled droplets, wind speed and wire diameter are analyzed. Compared with the existing model, the proposed ice accretion model performed well in predicting ice’s weight and thickness. At the same time, it can give some lights on ice disaster and anti-icing design for power transmission lines.

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21

Duan, Shangqi, Shuangde Huang, Wei Bu, Xingke Ge, Haidong Chen, Jing Liu, and Jiqiang Luo. "LightGBM Low-Temperature Prediction Model Based on LassoCV Feature Selection." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 (October 13, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/1776805.

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Icing disasters on power grid transmission lines can easily lead to major accidents, such as wire breakage and tower overturning, that endanger the safe operation of the power grid. Short-term prediction of transmission line icing relies to a large extent on accurate prediction of daily minimum temperature. This study therefore proposes a LightGBM low-temperature prediction model based on LassoCV feature selection. A data set comprising four meteorological variables was established, and time series autocorrelation coefficients were first used to determine the hysteresis characteristics in relation to the daily minimum temperature. Subsequently, the LassoCV feature selection method was used to select the meteorological elements that are highly related to minimum temperature, with their lag characteristics, as input variables, to eliminate noise in the original meteorological data set and reduce the complexity of the model. On this basis, the LightGBM low-temperature prediction model is established. The model was optimized through grid search and crossvalidation and validated using daily minimum surface temperature data from Yongshan County (station number 56489), Zhaotong City, Yunnan Province. The root mean square error, MAE, and MAPE of the model minimum temperature prediction after feature selection are shown to be 1.305, 0.999, and 0.112, respectively. These results indicate that the LightGBM prediction model is effective at predicting low temperatures and can be used to support short-term icing prediction.

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22

DANILIN, A. N., L. N. RABINSKIY, and S. I. ZHAVORONOK. "DEFORMATION OF THE HELICAL TYPE WIRE STRUCTURES." Periódico Tchê Química 16, no. 33 (March 20, 2019): 583–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.52571/ptq.v16.n33.2019.598_periodico33_pgs_583_601.pdf.

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Analysis of overhead power transmission lines (OPL) involves the simulation of statics and oscillation. Solving such problems strictly requires the proper accounting of the internal conductor structure, in particular for power safety and reliability systems of information-telecommunication supply of aerodromes and aircraft systems, as well as for overhead transmission lines subjected to intense wind, especially in icing conditions. Due to the complexity of wire structures, known issues arise in the estimates of their deformations, stiffness, bearing capacity, etc. For instance, the bending stiffness of the conductor can vary considerably. Consequently, the stiffness can vary along the conductor axis as well as in time. This paper proposes a new deformation model of wire structures similar to typical OPL conductors. Such structures include not only conductors and cables, but spiral clamps intended for tension, suspension, joining, protection, and repair of conductors. Based on energy averaging each wire layer is considered as an equivalent elastic anisotropic cylindrical shell. Therefore a conductor or a spiral clamp can be modeled as a system of shells nested into each other and interacting by means of pressure and friction forces. In the process of the study, calculations were made that made it possible to formulate equations for the matrices of flexibility and cruelty of spiral structures. The interaction problem for a tension clamp with an external wire layer of a conductor has been formulated and solved. Finally, the mechanism of the force transfer from the clamp on the conductor has been investigated.

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23

Liu, Chun Cheng, and Jiao Liu. "Ice Accretion Cause and Mechanism of Glaze on Wires of Power Transmission Lines." Advanced Materials Research 189-193 (February 2011): 3238–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.189-193.3238.

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The cause of ice accretion of transmission line and ice accretion mechanism are both summarized systematically. The mechanism of ice coating of wire caused by thermodynamics, fluid mechanics and the current electric field coupling is pointed out. In connection with the process of glaze ice, the existing models at home and abroad for the prediction of height and thickness of ice coating are summarized and analyzed, it can give some advises on further study of ice accretion prediction and some lights on ice disaster and anti-icing design for power transmission lines.

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24

Li, Xiangxin, Ming Zhou, Yazhou Luo, Chao Xia, Bin Cao, and Xiujuan Chen. "Insulation Reconstruction for OPGW DC De-Icing and Its Influence on Lightning Protection and Energy Conservation." Energies 11, no. 9 (September 14, 2018): 2441. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11092441.

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In order to satisfy demands for DC de-icing of optical fiber composite overhead ground wire (OPGW) and solve questions such as those relating to circulating current loss and liability of suffering from lightning strike, the grounding method of OPGW must be changed from the current commonly used method of being grounded at every tower to being grounded at one tower. The OPGW would be connected to the tower by an insulator, which is often shunt connected with a protective discharge clearance. The recommended value of the discharge clearance is from 70 to 80 mm. The lightning impulse discharge voltage of such a clearance is generally not more than 100 kV. However, as the transmission line is struck by lightning, over-voltage on the clearance is 885 kV at least, even up to a few MV. The clearance can be broken down reliably. The influence of insulation reconstruction for OPGW on the induced current and the power loss of the AC transmission line was studied by means of theoretical analysis and simulation calculations. Results indicate that change of the OPGW grounding mode could reduce the induced current of the ground wire to below 1 A and reduce the power loss of the line to below 1 W/km. Power loss could be reduced by over 99%. Adoption of a suitable grounding mode for OPGW is of great significance for DC de-icing, lightning protection safety, and energy savings for UHV projects.

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Feng, Xuebin, Jiyong Hou, Qiusheng Yu, Xuan Li, Jian Wu, Lei Liu, and Weiqiang Chen. "Research on Optical Fiber Composite Overhead Wire (OPGW) Lightning Monitoring Technology Based on Weak Fiber Bragg Grating Array." Journal of Nanoelectronics and Optoelectronics 17, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 170–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jno.2022.3182.

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Optical fiber composite overhead ground wire (OPGW), which consists of ground wire and communication function, has been widely used in transmission lines. Its running state is directly related to the security of power grid communication. In reality, the main environmental factors leading to OPGW malfunction include icing, mountain fire, wind vibration, etc., especially lightning stroke. In this paper, an OPGW temperature monitoring method based on Weak Fiber Bragg Grating (WFBG) array is proposed. By monitoring the temperature change caused by lightning stroke, the lightning stroke level identification and lightning stroke location are realized. The test results show that the minimum lightning discharge identification can reach to 9 C and the lightning location resolution is better than 0.1 m. Compared with other lightning temperature monitoring methods, lightning grade identification and positioning accuracy can be improved by this method, and it has the advantages of high real-time FBG, which provides a new approach for lightning monitoring of OPGW.

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26

FUMOTO, Koji, Hideaki YAMAGISHI, and Shoichiro FUKUSAKO. "405 Study on De-icing Heat Transfer Characteristics along a Fine Wire : Effect of Droplet Diameter Distribution." Proceedings of Conference of Hokkaido Branch 2000.40 (2000): 146–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmehokkaido.2000.40.146.

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27

Vasil'chuk, Yurij Kirillovich, Nadine Arkad'evna Budantseva, Alexander Pavlovich Ginzburg, and Alla Constantinovna Vasil'chuk. "Stable oxygen and hydrogen isotope ratios of the aufeis of the Viluy River valley." Арктика и Антарктика, no. 1 (January 2022): 1–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2453-8922.2022.1.37931.

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The object of the study is the isotope composition of three aufeis (icing) in the Viluy River basin. Two of the three tested icing were located in the wide valleys of the streams-tributaries of the Viluy River, one on the flat bottom of the thermosuffusion sinkholes. The areas of studied icings did not exceed 30 sq. m., their thickness ranges from 45 to 100 cm. Stratification is recorded in the icings. The co-isotope diagram δ2H-δ18O shows that icing ice was formed from spring water and generally is isotopically “lighter” compared to the water of Kysyl-Yurekh stream and Viluy River. The isotope composition of the icing ice varies in a very narrow range: a) for icing 1 δ18O values vary from –19.3 to –20.9‰, δ2H values vary from –156.5 to –162.9‰; b) for icing 2 δ18O values vary from –19.7 to –22.4‰, δ2H values vary from –153.2 to –173.1‰; c) for icing 3 δ18O values vary from –19.8 to –22.7‰, δ2H values vary from –162.9 to –181.3‰. The similarity of the isotope profiles of icing 2 on Viluy and icing IB93-5 on Baylot Island and isotope profiles of icing 3 on Viluy and icing F192-6 on Baylot Island was noted, however, the scale of isotopic variations for icings on Baylot Island are 5-6 times greater than that of Viluy icings.

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28

Liu, Yue Jun, and Ai Ping Tang. "Setting the Model of Iced High-Voltage Transmission Tower-Line System and Research its Dynamic Characteristics." Applied Mechanics and Materials 138-139 (November 2011): 416–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.138-139.416.

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As an important lifeline, regelation have a lot of serious effects to the transmission towers and transmission lines. China has been serious affected by the macroclimate, microtopography and microclimate condition, many accidents caused by ice cover occured frequently, it seriously impacted on people’s life and the development of social economy. In order to strengthen and improve the anti-icing capability of transmission tower-line system, it is necessary to study the iced transmission tower-line system. In this paper, the wire model, ground wire model and insulator model were established, and made a reasonable layout at the same time, then the coupled model of the transmission tower-line system is set up. It is supposed that the ice and transmission line are combined closely when there is no external loads, the ice is considered as circular cross-section, the composite structure of ice-transmission line is set up, then the coupled model of the composite structure-tower is set up, the dynamic characteristics of model can be obtained by the model analysis used the finite element analysis software SAP2000.

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29

Nie, Jing. "A New High Voltage Transmission Lines Deicer Based on Vibrations Principle." Advanced Materials Research 772 (September 2013): 604–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.772.604.

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In recent years, for the high voltage transmission lines suffered serious Icing lead wire dancing, break and tower collapsed, domestic and foreign strengthened the study of high-voltage overhead line deicing methods and put forward a variety of line deicing methods. This paper first introduced thermal ice-melting method, mechanical deicing method, natural deicing method and several common deicing methods and analyzed the pros and cons of various deicing program. Based on the analysis of deicing methods for the high voltage transmission lines, a new and simple high voltage transmission line deicer is brought forward. This paper briefly discussed the basic principles and advantages of the device, providing a new way of thinking for the high voltage transmission lines deicing and having a certain value and social benefits.

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Li, Hongliang, Shenglan Ji, Yang Jiang, and Jiangwei Chu. "Parameter study and experimental analysis of a scraping de-icing concept for thin ice using end-of-life wire ropes." Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology 35, no. 8 (July 22, 2021): 3395–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12206-021-0713-y.

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Lian, Zhongxu, Jinkai Xu, Wanfei Ren, Zuobin Wang, and Huadong Yu. "Bouncing Dynamics of Impact Droplets on the Biomimetic Plane and Convex Superhydrophobic Surfaces with Dual-Level and Three-Level Structures." Nanomaterials 9, no. 11 (October 25, 2019): 1524. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9111524.

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Reducing the contact time of a water droplet on non-wetting surfaces has great potential in the areas of self-cleaning and anti-icing, and gradually develops into a hot issue in the field of wettability surfaces. However, the existing literature on dynamic behavior of water drops impacting on superhydrophobic surfaces with various structural shapes is insufficient. Inspired by the microstructure of lotus leaf and rice leaf, dual-level and three-level structures on plane and convex surfaces were successfully fabricated by wire electrical discharge machining on aluminum alloy. After spraying hydrophobic nanoparticles on the surfaces, the plane and convex surfaces with dual-level and three-level structures showed good superhydrophobic property. Bouncing dynamics of impact droplets on the superhydrophobic surfaces wereinvestigated, and the results indicated that the contact time of plane superhydrophobic surface with a three-level structure was minimal, which is 60.4% less than the plane superhydrophobic surface with dual-level structure. The effect of the interval S, width D, and height H of the structure on the plane superhydrophobic surface with three-level structure on contact time was evaluated to obtain the best structural parameters for reducing contact time. This research is believed to guide the direction of the structural design of the droplet impinging on solid surfaces.

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Camci, Cengiz, and Frank Herr. "Forced Convection Heat Transfer Enhancement Using a Self-Oscillating Impinging Planar Jet." Journal of Heat Transfer 124, no. 4 (July 16, 2002): 770–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1471521.

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Impinging jets are widely used in the local enhancement of heat removed from internal passages of gas turbine blades. Arrays of stationary jets are usually impinged on surfaces of internal cooling passages. The current practice is to benefit from the high heat transfer coefficients existing in the vicinity of the jet impingement region on a target wall. The present study shows that a self-oscillating impinging-jet configuration is extremely beneficial in enhancing the heat removal performance of a conventional (stationary) impinging jet. In addition to a highly elevated stagnation line Nusselt number, the area coverage of the impingement zone is significantly enhanced because of the inherent sweeping motion of the oscillating coolant jet. When an oscillating jet (Re=14,000) is impinged on a plate normal to the jet axis (x/d=24 hole to plate distance), a typical enhancement of Nu number on the stagnation line is about 70 percent. The present paper explains detailed fluid dynamics structure of the self-oscillating jet by using a triple decomposition technique on a crossed hot wire signal. The current heat transfer enhancement levels achieved suggest that it may be possible to implement the present self-oscillating-impinging-jet concept in future gas turbine cooling systems, on rotating disks, glass tempering/quenching, electronic equipment cooling, aircraft de-icing, combustors and heat exchangers.

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Tan, Yan, Shuang Zheng, Henglin Xiao, and JiaMing Xing. "Influencing Factors of Snow Melting and Deicing on Carbon Fiber Embedded in Bridge Decks." Advances in Civil Engineering 2022 (April 29, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8773149.

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To study the general law of the influence of embedded carbon fiber heating wires on the melting of snow and ice on bridge decks and to solve the problem of icing on large bridges in winter, relevant model tests were carried out. In this experiment, a carbon fiber heating wire was used as the heat source to make a large-scale asphalt concrete bridge deck model with a built-in carbon fiber heating wire. The effect of different heating powers, ambient temperatures, snow and ice thicknesses, and wind levels on the melting of snow and ice on bridge decks was studied. The snow-melting and ice-melting tests performed at different heating powers show that as the heating power increases within a certain range, the time required for the snow and ice layers to melt and the power consumption decrease. Under certain conditions, to ensure the rapid melting of snow and ice layers on the surface of road bridges, a heating power of 400 W/m2 is selected. At this time, the heating effect is the best, and this method is economical and practical. The snow-melting and ice-melting tests performed at different ambient temperatures and with different thicknesses of the snow and ice layers show that as the ambient temperature decreases or the thickness of the ice layer increases within a certain range while keeping the other factors constant, the time required for the snow to melt and the power consumption increase, and the power consumption is relatively large. The snow-melting test performed at different wind levels shows that with the increase in the wind level within a certain range while keeping the other factors constant, the uniformity of the overall temperature distribution on the surface of the specimen worsens, the snow-melting time increases, and the temperature rises. The rate of temperature increase decreases. Therefore, in actual engineering applications, when the wind speed is too high, the methods of manually or mechanically removing snow can increase the snow removal rate on bridge decks. Under different conditions, choosing the right heating power can effectively improve the efficiency of melting snow and ice on bridge decks. The research results of this paper provide a theoretical reference for the actual construction of bridge decks in the future.

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Dexheimer, Darielle, Martin Airey, Erika Roesler, Casey Longbottom, Keri Nicoll, Stefan Kneifel, Fan Mei, R. Giles Harrison, Graeme Marlton, and Paul D. Williams. "Evaluation of ARM tethered-balloon system instrumentation for supercooled liquid water and distributed temperature sensing in mixed-phase Arctic clouds." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 12, no. 12 (December 20, 2019): 6845–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-6845-2019.

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Abstract. A tethered-balloon system (TBS) has been developed and is being operated by Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) on behalf of the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) User Facility in order to collect in situ atmospheric measurements within mixed-phase Arctic clouds. Periodic tethered-balloon flights have been conducted since 2015 within restricted airspace at ARM's Advanced Mobile Facility 3 (AMF3) in Oliktok Point, Alaska, as part of the AALCO (Aerial Assessment of Liquid in Clouds at Oliktok), ERASMUS (Evaluation of Routine Atmospheric Sounding Measurements using Unmanned Systems), and POPEYE (Profiling at Oliktok Point to Enhance YOPP Experiments) field campaigns. The tethered-balloon system uses helium-filled 34 m3 helikites and 79 and 104 m3 aerostats to suspend instrumentation that is used to measure aerosol particle size distributions, temperature, horizontal wind, pressure, relative humidity, turbulence, and cloud particle properties and to calibrate ground-based remote sensing instruments. Supercooled liquid water content (SLWC) sondes using the vibrating-wire principle, developed by Anasphere Inc., were operated at Oliktok Point at multiple altitudes on the TBS within mixed-phase clouds for over 200 h. Sonde-collected SLWC data were compared with liquid water content derived from a microwave radiometer, Ka-band ARM zenith radar, and ceilometer at the AMF3, as well as liquid water content derived from AMF3 radiosonde flights. The in situ data collected by the Anasphere sensors were also compared with data collected simultaneously by an alternative SLWC sensor developed at the University of Reading, UK; both vibrating-wire instruments were typically observed to shed their ice quickly upon exiting the cloud or reaching maximum ice loading. Temperature sensing measurements distributed with fiber optic tethered balloons were also compared with AMF3 radiosonde temperature measurements. Combined, the results indicate that TBS-distributed temperature sensing and supercooled liquid water measurements are in reasonably good agreement with remote sensing and radiosonde-based measurements of both properties. From these measurements and sensor evaluations, tethered-balloon flights are shown to offer an effective method of collecting data to inform and constrain numerical models, calibrate and validate remote sensing instruments, and characterize the flight environment of unmanned aircraft, circumventing the difficulties of in-cloud unmanned aircraft flights such as limited flight time and in-flight icing.

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Cao, Y., and K. Chen. "Helicopter icing." Aeronautical Journal 114, no. 1152 (February 2010): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001924000003559.

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Abstract Due to constraints of natural condition, cost and of available time associated with model fabrication and for extensive wind-tunnel tests or flight tests, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation was considered an alternative means of providing air vehicle icing simulation and aeromechanic performance analysis. Full-scale icing experiments and, therefore, certification and cost can be significantly reduced by developing full-numerical simulation methods to evaluate the air vehicle performance for a wide range of icing conditions. This paper summarises helicopter icing simulation methods that include the development of helicopter aerodynamics, calculation methods of helicopter icing, icing protection system performance, icing effects on the helicopter performance, and some challenges in helicopter icing simulation.

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Lee, Jae-Young, Yong-Ki Kim, Minh Kim Nguyen, Vu Khac Hoang Bui, and Young-Chul Lee. "Magnesium Aminoclay (MgAC) as an Additive in Anti-Icing Mixture of Propylene Glycol Applied to Railway Electrical Wires: A Preliminary Study." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 21, no. 3 (March 1, 2021): 1955–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2021.18896.

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Ice accumulation on the surface of railway electrical wires can cause significant problems in the winter season. Different anti-icing liquids have been used to prevent the formation of ice on different surface substrates. The most common anti-icing liquids are ethylene glycol mixtures. Recently, propylene glycol, due to its lesser toxicity, has been considered as an alternative anti-icing agent. However, propylene glycol mixtures have some limitations, in that their degradation can lead to corrosion of the metal substrate. As detailed in the literature, (3-aminopropyl)-triethoxysilane (APTES), the precursor of magnesium aminoclay (MgAC), has been used to protect metal substrates from corrosion. In the present study we examined the potential of MgAC as an APTES-alternative additive in propylene glycol mixtures. The results showed that the anti-icing properties of the propylene glycol mixtures were maintained in the presence of MgAC (at 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 wt.% concentrations). Furthermore, MgAC's potential as a thickening agent was shown in the increased viscosity of the propylene glycol/MgAC mixtures relative to the propylene glycol mixtures. The addition of MgAC also rendered the propylene glycol mixtures more hydrophilic. However, MgAC addition also led to corrosion due to the excess amounts of amine groups in the anti-icing solution. In this paper, the corrosion mechanism of MgAC is explained in the paper. In the future, the anti-icing and anticorrosion properties of propylene glycol/MgAC mixtures at low concentrations (<0.1 wt.%) should be more fully investigated.

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Tang, Xin De, Jun Li, Ling Li, Hong Chen, and Xiang Li Kong. "Anti-Icing Nanoparticle/Polymer Composite Coatings." Key Engineering Materials 501 (January 2012): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.501.22.

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Nano calcium carbonate/polymer composite coatings were prepared and their anti-icing property was investigated. The anti-icing capability of the composites depends not only on their superhydrophobicity but also on the surface morphology. The result opens up possibilities for rational design of anti-icing coatings by tuning surface textures in multiple scales and provides a comprehensive framework for optimazing nanoparticle/polymer composite for a wide range of applications.

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Elizbarashvili, E. Sh, O. Sh Varazanashvili, N. S. Tsereteli, M. E. Elizbarashvili, and M. N. Kaishauri. "Icing of wires in mountain areas of Georgia." Russian Meteorology and Hydrology 37, no. 8 (August 2012): 567–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1068373912080092.

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39

Toliver, Richard. "Ice Is Ice?" Journal of the IEST 31, no. 3 (May 1, 1988): 31–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17764/jiet.1.31.3.y1421304rgg67121.

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MIL-STD-810D, Method 521.0, "Icing/Freezing Rain," contains guidance for testing equipment exposed to freezing rain. This method was developed around a narrow set of meteorological conditions resulting in the buildup of clear glaze ice. The icing procedures described in Method 521.0 can be applied to a wide range of equipment and will help to predict equipment operations during natural freezing rain. However, the procedures do not give any indication of the operation of equipment during exposure to rime ice. The physical properties of rime and glaze ice differ significantly, as do their effects on equipment. Until MIL-STD-810D is modified to include rime icing, program managers and environmental test engineers will find no guidance or procedures in MIL-STD-810D for half of the icing (rime vs. glaze) that equipment can be exposed to in nature.

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Kul’kov, V. G., V. N. Kuryanov, and R. A. Fokin. "Methods for dealing with icing of power line wires." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1035, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 012042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1035/1/012042.

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Sun, Zhi Guo, Cheng Xiang Zhu, and Chun Ling Zhu. "Ice Accretion Prediction for Single Airfoil and Multi-Element Airfoil." Applied Mechanics and Materials 138-139 (November 2011): 140–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.138-139.140.

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Ice accretion on aircraft components is an enormous threat to flight safety. In this paper, ice accretions on the leading edge of the NACA 0012 airfoil and the NLR 7301 multi-element airfoil with flap are predicted using the icing code developed by us. This code mainly contains five modules which are grid module, airflow module, droplet module, heat module, and boundary reconstruction module. The effectiveness and robustness of this code are tested by executing the five modules orderly and repeatedly. The Spalart-Allmaras one-equation turbulence model is adopt to calculate the viscous airflow field and the four-order Runge-Kutta method is used to solve the droplet trajectory equations. In order to enhance the efficiency of the icing calculations, the multi-block grid technique is integrated into the grid module. Based on the above methods, numerical results in both two cases are presented and the necessary comparisons with the experimental data are given in corresponding chapters. The computational results show that performance of the icing code is very good for the wide range of icing conditions.

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Du, Yue, Lan Jiang, Yu Xin Zhou, Qiao Rong Li, Tai Ran Wan, and Zi Jun Pan. "Research on Dynamic Characteristics of Large Span Transmission Tower in Icing Environment." Advanced Materials Research 756-759 (September 2013): 4262–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.756-759.4262.

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The transmission tower with a big span in the freezing area is very sensitive to climate. When extreme weather approaches, the tower may collapse easily. The dynamic characteristics of transmission tower structure vary under different weather conditions. This paper, taking a 500kV long span tangent tower as the research subject, will demonstrate the dynamic characteristics of such structures when the weight of wires, the icing stiffness of tower structure and the thickness of ice are considered. The results show that icing has a great impact on the dynamic characteristics of the tower structure and it can not be neglected. When the ice is thick, the contribution of icing to the stiffness of the structure should be considered. This conclusion can provide a reference for the analysis and design of similar towers in high altitude area.

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Thorkildson, Ronald M., Kathleen F. Jones, and Maggie K. Emery. "In-Cloud Icing in the Columbia Basin." Monthly Weather Review 137, no. 12 (December 1, 2009): 4369–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009mwr2941.1.

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Abstract On 24 November 2005, 11 lattice steel towers of a high-voltage electrical transmission line running along the edge of an escarpment were damaged by an accumulation of rime on overhead ground wires. Cold air pooling in the Columbia basin of eastern Washington several days before the failure led to the formation of low-level fog and low clouds with temperatures below freezing at the elevation of the transmission line. The liquid water content profile of the cloud formed by air rising over Badger Mountain north of Wenatchee, Washington, is estimated using the air temperature, dewpoint temperature, and air pressure as measured at Wenatchee in the Columbia River valley below the line. Cloud median volume droplet diameters are estimated using typical droplet concentrations. The validity of the computed liquid water content is determined by comparing the measured cloud-base heights at Wenatchee with the calculated cloud-base heights. The mass and density of ice accreted on the ground wires and conductors of the transmission line are modeled using assumed wind speeds at the top of the escarpment with the estimated cloud properties. Results are compared with the density and mass of an ice sample retrieved from the field. This event is compared with other modeled in-cloud icing events from 1973 to 2007 using the period of record of Wenatchee weather data. This paper illustrates an approach for estimating the severity of in-cloud icing on the wires of transmission lines subject to cloud liquid water contents that have been enhanced by the local terrain.

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Hu, Ye Zhou, Shao Feng Yu, Lin Zhang, and Pai Liu. "Research and Validation on Melting Ice of Overhead Transmission Line." Applied Mechanics and Materials 543-547 (March 2014): 653–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.543-547.653.

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In order to further grasp the overhead rules of transmission line de-icing, this thesis designed and developed a newly transmission line icing apparatus, which can acquire the needed ice thickness covered upon a certain transmission line in laboratory. Combined with the walk-in temperature and humidity box, the temperature tester, current generator and other equipment, enhance the technology research capacity of overhead lines ice-melting. And the software can simulate the overlying ice temperature and cloud distribution changes with time, verify the line ice-melting rules. The method can be easily extended to other types of wires, and has certain application value.

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Gam-Derouich, Sarra, Jean Pinson, Philippe Decorse, Yun Luo, Remy Herbaut, Laurent Royon, and Claire Mangeney. "Diazonium salt chemistry for the design of nano-textured anti-icing surfaces." Chemical Communications 54, no. 65 (2018): 8983–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cc02601g.

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Aryl diazonium salts have emerged as a new generation of robust surface modifiers for a wide range of applications. In this paper, we explore their potentialities to impart anti-icing properties to nano-textured copper surfaces.

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Wang, Chun Jie, and Bo Xiang Xin. "Abnormal Image Monitoring for Transmission Line Based on Digital Image Processing." Advanced Materials Research 710 (June 2013): 613–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.710.613.

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In the high-voltage transmission line system, the accidents have often occurred, and as a result of power line icing accidents are particularly prominent. In this paper, the author presents a DSP-based image monitoring of high voltage transmission line method. This method is use of high-voltage transmission tower-lines camera to collect the high voltage transmission line image in real time, and directly processing the image in DSP. If wires normal, it will not send pictures to the center and if the abnormal occurred, it will calculate the thickness of ice covering wires, converting the image to JPEG. This article designed and implemented the DSP-based image monitoring of high voltage transmission line algorithm exception, run successfully in the simulation and emulation system which can be used for monitoring of high voltage transmission line icing conditions online.

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Personne, P., and J.-F. Gayet. "Ice Accretion on Wires and Anti-Icing Induced by Joule Effect." Journal of Applied Meteorology 27, no. 2 (February 1988): 101–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(1988)027<0101:iaowaa>2.0.co;2.

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Nilsson, Fritjof, Ali Moyassari, Ángela Bautista, Abraham Castro, Ignacio Arbeloa, Mikael Järn, Urban Lundgren, Jan Welinder, and Kenth Johansson. "Modelling anti-icing of railway overhead catenary wires by resistive heating." International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 143 (November 2019): 118505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2019.118505.

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Heymsfield, Ernie, Joseph W. Daniels, Robert F. Saunders, and Mark L. Kuss. "Developing anti-icing airfield runways using surface embedded heat wires and renewable energy." Sustainable Cities and Society 52 (January 2020): 101712. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2019.101712.

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Wen, Jifen, Ran Jia, and Yuxiang Peng. "Observation and Analysis of Meteorological Conditions for Icing of Wires in Guizhou, China." Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 07, no. 09 (2019): 214–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/gep.2019.79015.

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