Relevant bibliographies by topics / Winter habitat

Academic literature on the topic 'Winter habitat'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Winter habitat"

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Poole, Kim G., and Kari Stuart-Smith. "Winter habitat selection by female moose in western interior montane forests." Canadian Journal of Zoology 84, no. 12 (December 2006): 1823–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z06-184.

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Winter range has been identified as an important component of moose ( Alces alces (L., 1758)) conservation in managed forests, yet there have been few studies on habitat associations in montane ecosystems. We investigated habitat selection by moose at landscape and stand scales during late winter in southeastern British Columbia using global positioning system (GPS) collars on 24 adult moose cows in each of two winters. The strongest determinant of late-winter range at the landscape scale was decreasing elevation, while moose also selected for areas of gentler slopes and higher solar insolation. Elevation likely is a surrogate for snow depth, which is probably the primary causative factor influencing late-winter distribution of moose. Within late-winter range, topographic variables had little influence on moose habitat selection. Lower crown closure was the strongest determinant of stand-scale selection, although the resultant model was weak. We found no disproportionate selection for stands with high crown closure, and there was little evidence for greater use of cover stands with increasing snow as winter progressed. Within late-winter range, moose selected forage habitats (42% use vs. 30% availability) over cover habitats (22% use vs. 37% availability). The delineation of late-winter moose range can be based on snow depth, or elevation as its surrogate.
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Nickelson, Thomas E., Mario F. Solazzi, Steven L. Johnson, and Jeffrey D. Rodgers. "Effectiveness of Selected Stream Improvement Techniques to Create Suitable Summer and Winter Rearing Habitat for Juvenile Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) in Oregon Coastal Streams." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 49, no. 4 (April 1, 1992): 790–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f92-089.

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We examined the use of constructed pools by juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) during summer and winter. Log, gabion, and rock structures placed across the full stream width provided good summer habitat but poor winter habitat for juvenile coho salmon. Rearing densities in constructed habitats during summer and winter were generally similar to those in natural habitats of the same type, except that constructed dammed pools supported lower densities during winter than natural dammed pools. The addition of brush bundles to pools created by full-stream-width structures increased the density of juvenile coho salmon in dammed pools during winter, but not in plunge pools. We concluded that the development of off-channel habitat has the greatest potential to increase production of wild coho salmon smolts in Oregon coastal streams.
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Alfredsen, Knut, and Einar Tesaker. "Winter habitat assessment strategies and incorporation of winter habitat in the Norwegian habitat assessment tools." Hydrological Processes 16, no. 4 (2002): 927–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.364.

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FARASHI, AZITA, and MOHAMMAD ALIZADEH-NOUGHANI. "Niche modelling of the potential distribution of the Egyptian Vulture Neophron percnopterus during summer and winter in Iran, to identify gaps in protected area coverage." Bird Conservation International 29, no. 03 (November 29, 2018): 423–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270918000278.

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SummaryAn analysis of the extent of overlap between habitats of the Egyptian Vulture Neophron percnopterus during summer and winter in Iran, and Iranian protected areas, discovered slight overlap between the two. Our study aimed to survey suitable habitats of the Egyptian Vulture during summer and winter in Iran using MaxEnt, a species distribution modelling method, and compare the results with the locations and span of protected areas. Model fitness was assessed using the area under the ROC-plot and True Skill Statistics. We found that habitat suitability in Iran varies for the Egyptian Vulture during summer and winter. Summer visitors are scattered in the north and west of Iran, concentrated along the Zagros and Alborz mountain ranges. Winter visitors and residents are scattered in coastal areas in the south. Habitat protection for winter visitors was the greatest, with 10% of suitable habitat covered, while less than 10% of suitable habitat for residents and summer visitors fell within protected areas. The Egyptian Vulture is categorised as ‘Endangered’ on the IUCN Red List. Different environmental factors influence the suitability of habitat for the species. While some factors such as NDVI and anthropogenic disturbance influence all visitors in a similar way, the effects of others such as elevation and distance from protected areas vary for summer and winter visitors. Since designation of protected areas in Iran is mainly determined by the distribution of mammal species, protection of bird habitats is often overlooked. Suitable habitat for the species should be considered when selecting protected areas in future.
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Proulx, Gilbert. "Winter Habitat Use by American Marten, Martes americana, in Western Alberta Boreal Forests." Canadian Field-Naturalist 120, no. 1 (January 1, 2006): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v120i1.253.

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Although the American Marten (Martes americana) is found in most forest regions of Alberta, little is known about its choice of winter habitats. This study investigated winter habitat use by American Marten in Weyerhaeuser’s Grande Prairie Forest Management Area (FMA) using snowtracking along 128.2 km of seismic lines inventoried in winters 1999, 2002, and 2005 with snowmobiles. American Marten tracks (n = 44) occurred significantly less frequently than expected (P < 0.001) in immature/young pole stands, but more frequently than expected (P < 0.02) in mature/old growth mixedwood stands. American Martens apparently used young forests, and mature/old coniferous and deciduous stands, according to their availability. Forest development plans should be developed locally to retain late successional forests that meet the winter habitat requirements of American Marten.
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Sabine, Dwayne L., Graham Forbes, Warren B. Ballard, Jeff Bowman, and Heather Whitlaw. "Use of mixedwood stands by wintering white-tailed deer in southern New Brunswick." Forestry Chronicle 77, no. 1 (February 1, 2001): 97–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc77097-1.

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On the northern edge of their range, white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) congregate during winter to cope with severe climate conditions. We documented the winter habitat use of deer in southern New Brunswick, where winters are of moderate severity, and tested predictions concerning the influence of food and cover availability on habitat use by deer under different snow depth regimes. Sixty-three radio-collared deer were monitored during the winters of 1995 to 1997. Within wintering areas, deer showed a preference for mixedwoods. Mixedwood stands provided only moderate amounts of food and cover relative to some other cover types, but were the only type to provide both simultaneously. Current habitat management guidelines in parts of northeastern North America consider critical habitat for wintering deer to be softwood-dominated stands. These guidelines may not provide adequate habitat in this region, since deer appear to use mixedwood stands under some conditions. Key words: deer, deer wintering area, deer yard, habitat, habitat management, mixedwood, Odocoileus, winter, yard
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Whalen, Kevin G., and Donna L. Parrish. "Nocturnal habitat use of Atlantic salmon parr in winter." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 56, no. 9 (September 1, 1999): 1543–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f99-078.

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We completed 22 night snorkeling surveys between November and March 1995-1997 to quantify Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) parr habitat use relative to habitat availability in the Rock River, Vermont, U.S.A. On average, post-young-of-the-year (PYOY) parr selected greater water depths in winter than young-of-the-year (YOY) parr, whereas YOY and PYOY parr both selected water velocities ([Formula: see text]19 cm/s) that were significantly lower than random measurements (46 cm/s). Maturity of PYOY parr had no significant influence on habitat selection. The majority of YOY and PYOY parr at night were found in contact with the stream bottom resting on silt-sand or gravel substrates in velocity dead-zone habitats created by the stream edge or depositional habitats created by midstream rocks and boulders. The strong selection that nocturnal Atlantic salmon parr exhibit for low water velocity areas in winter indicates the importance of maintaining large instream cover that provides refuges from high flows. The similarity that YOY and PYOY parr exhibited in many elements of habitat selection suggests that both stages may be similarly susceptible to habitat limitations in winter.
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Hjeljord, Olav, Bernt-Erik Sæther, and Reidar Andersen. "Estimating energy intake of free-ranging moose cows and calves through collection of feces." Canadian Journal of Zoology 72, no. 8 (August 1, 1994): 1409–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z94-186.

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We calculated the daily energy intake of wintering cow and calf moose from a series of 24-h feces collections and from estimates of the digestibility and energy content of forages from four different habitats in Norway during a 3-year period (1984–1986). Habitats varied in condition from good to poor. In early winter, the estimated energy intake of cows ranged from 803 kJ∙kg−0.75∙day−1 in the good- and average-quality habitats to 573 kJ∙kg−0.75∙day−1 in the poor habitat. Estimated energy intake decreased by 15–30% from early to late winter. The estimated energy intake of calves ranged from 920 kJ∙kg−0.75∙day−1 in the good habitat to 414 kJ∙kg−0.75∙day−1 in the poor habitat; a significant decrease over winter was not evident. The estimates of daily energy intake correspond to a browse wet mass of 8–17 kg for cows and 4–10 kg for calves. In the good- and medium-quality habitats the average energy deficiency of adult cows over winter was estimated at 25–30%.
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Whalen, Kevin G., Donna L. Parrish, and Martha E. Mather. "Effect of ice formation on selection of habitats and winter distribution of post-young-of-the-year Atlantic salmon parr." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 56, no. 1 (January 1, 1999): 87–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f98-156.

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We determined how ice affects selection of habitats and distribution of post-young-of-the-year Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) parr during winter. Night snorkeling surveys were completed between November and April to evaluate parr habitat use and movements. Systematic measurements of water depth and velocity were recorded during ice-free and [Formula: see text]55% iced conditions to quantify habitat availability. Ice formation altered the distribution and reduced the abundance of habitats commonly used by parr; differences between parr habitat use and habitat availability were greatest when ice was present. Edge ice formation resulted in the concentration of flows, and areas of high flow were formed in midchannel; few parr were observed in midchannel after ice had formed. Through the winter, most parr were found lateral to high flows on the ice edge boundary or in the post-ice period lateral to the stream midchannel. The correspondence of parr movements during winter to changes in the physical habitat associated with ice formation indicates that movements and redistributions may be important for survival in streams affected by ice.
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Poole, Kim G., Kari Stuart-Smith, and Irene E. Teske. "Wintering strategies by mountain goats in interior mountains." Canadian Journal of Zoology 87, no. 3 (March 2009): 273–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z09-009.

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As with many ungulates inhabiting areas with potentially deep snow, winter is an important season for mountain goats ( Oreamnos americanus (de Blainville, 1816)) and is characterized by restricted movements and high juvenile mortality. We examined winter habitat selection and wintering strategies by mountain goats in two adjacent areas of southeastern British Columbia characterized by deep, moist snow and by shallow, dry snow. Fifteen GPS collars were placed on mountain goats in each area over two winters. Winter-range size did not differ between areas and comprised, on average, 2.2%–7.4% of male home range and 8.0%–14.1% of female home range. Topographic variables dominated habitat model selection. At the broad scale, mountain goats in both areas selected winter ranges closer to escape terrain on warmer aspects that contained lesser amounts of mature dense forest. At the fine scale, mountain goats in both areas selected rugged habitat at upper mid-elevations and on warmer aspects. Alpine areas were avoided in the deep snow area and selected in the shallow snow area. No selection for mature forests was observed in either area. Mountain goats, therefore, appeared to utilize open, high-elevation habitats in shallow snow zones, but they did not seek reduced snow levels in mature forest stands in deep snow areas.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Winter habitat"

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Catton, Robert Bruce. "Winter use and habitat selection of moose in openings and adjacent upland forested habitats." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/31919.

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Two designs were developed to model and compare the effects of scale on resource utilization by moose in a managed lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) forest. Statistical models, based on population and individual design levels (using microsite and moderate polygon habitat scales, respectively), were used to 1) test the hypotheses that moose track presence was increased i) in openings of increasing shrub cover, ii) in forests adjacent to openings of increasing shrub cover, 2) model moose utilization of forest cover, based on distance-from-nearest-opening, to determine appropriate leave strip widths adjacent to openings used by moose, 3) further understanding of how different opening and forest cover types influence moose presence and utilization and 4) compare these results from the different designs. Moose track occurrence and habitat attributes were recorded on 55 snow track transects to model moose presence as a function of distance-from- opening-edge and variation in vegetation cover. Over 15,000 UTM relocations were obtained from 15 GPS collared cow moose over two winters, in the same area. Based on track transect data, the model containing bog birch (Betula glandulosa), Salix species and mean shrub height was the best predictor of moose presence. Resource utilization functions indicated natural and forest management openings, up to 40 years old, were utilised more than older forest habitats. Modeling at both scales confirmed the use of early seral openings (natural or harvested) and indicated that forested distance-from-an-opening-edge does not influence resource utilization or presence of moose. Track presence was greater in wetlands with average shrub cover between 6 - 20% and > 20% than within adjacent forest cover but there was no difference between wetlands with shrub cover < 6% and adjacent forest cover. Tracks were more numerous in forest cover adjacent to wetlands with shrub cover > 20% than in forest cover adjacent to wetlands with shrub cover < 6% and 6 - 20%. The study implies that leave strips may have little immediate effect on the use of early seral openings by moose in winter although, this does not rule out that climate, predation or hunting pressure will influence habitat selection in the future.
Forestry, Faculty of
Graduate
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askelund, sara. "Problems and improvements in reindeer’s habitat." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för ekoteknik och hållbart byggande, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-21901.

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Hayhow, Daniel Beck. "Consequences of winter habitat use in a migratory shorebird." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2009. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/10607/.

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In this thesis I explore the importance of using different habitat types in winter for a migratory shorebird, the Icelandic Black-tailed godwit Limosa limosa islandica. Godwits use a mixture of estuarine and freshwater wetland habitats across all major wintering regions. The Irish wintering population of black-tailed godwits makes up c, 20% of the flyway population, and these birds use coastal mudflats and adjacent grassland habitats throughout the winter. In addition, very large numbers congregate on inland wetland ‘callows’ in late winter and spring. The Icelandic godwit population is currently increasing, however, numbers of godwits wintering in Ireland have not increased as rapidly as elsewhere in the winter range over the last 40 years. Using detailed behavioural studies, I show that grasslands in Ireland provide essential resources for godwits, as prey consumption rates on the mudflats are insufficient to meet energetic requirements. Despite their importance, grasslands receive virtually no protection. Surveys of field selection by godwits throughout southern Ireland indicate that small, enclosed fields are avoided but that godwits use large, open fields in both urban and rural dominated areas. Levels of urbanisation also have little impact on the use of resources on mudflats or grasslands by godwits. Candidate fields for inclusion within protected areas would therefore ideally be large, open fields situated throughout urban and rural areas. Finally, I explore the evidence for increasing use of grassland habitats by godwits wintering in the east of England, where rates of population increase have been particularly high and annual survival has been estimated to be lower than other winter regions. Count information and records of individually marked godwits indicate a rapid shift in habitat use since the 1990s, with inland grasslands now being used by large numbers of godwits. These sites are also being used progressively earlier in the winter, which may indicate that estuarine prey resources are also limited in the east of England. Thus, while there is evidence that estuarine habitats are preferred by godwits in winter, grasslands are also essential for maintaining a large proportion of the Icelandic black-tailed godwit population, and improving protection of these habitats should thus be a priority.
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Baigas, Phillip E. "Winter habitat selection, winter diet, and seasonal distribution mapping of moose (Alces alces shirasi) in southeastern Wyoming." Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1797714121&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Sabine, Dwayne L. "Migration behaviour and winter habitat use of white-tailed deer under moderate winter climate conditions." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ54644.pdf.

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Gaudette, Mary Theresa. "Modeling winter habitat for white-tailed deer in southwestern Virginia." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77898.

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Pellet group surveys were conducted on 21 transects in February-March, 1985, and January-March, 1986, to estimate relative deer densities on eleven study areas on the Jefferson National Forest, southwestern Virginia. Habitat data were collected on the same transects in July-September, 1985. Additional habitat information was measured from aerial photographs and USDA Forest Service compartment maps. These data were used to develop eleven multiple linear regression models and one pattern recognition (PATREC) model for predicting deer winter habitat quality, based on the assumption that relative density of deer is a good indicator of habitat quality. The densities of evergreen broad-leaved shrubs and"Nonforage" shrubs, basal area, mean distance to a field, and percent slope were among the most important variables selected in the regression model building process. Six variables were selected for use in the PATREC model: mean tree diameter, oak basal area, basal area of"Other Winter Forage" tree species, density of"Nonforage" shrubs, mean distance to a gated gravel road, and mean canopy closure. Spearman's rank correlations were used to compare the model outputs with estimated pellet group densities. All of the models had correlation coefficients ≥ 0.60, four had correlation coefficients > 0.80. The models need to be validated, i.e. tested with independent data from areas outside the study sites. These tests will help refine the models and assess their effectiveness in other regions of the southern Appalachian Mountains.
Master of Science
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Maletzke, Benjamin Thomas. "Winter habitat selection of lynx (Lynx canadensis) in northern Washington." Online access for everyone, 2004. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Summer2004/b%5Fmaletzke%5F081704.pdf.

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Eamer, Joan. "Winter habitat for dabbling ducks on southeastern Vancouver Island, British Columbia." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/24634.

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This study is an examination of the use of coastal estuaries and nearby farmland as habitat by dabbling ducks (mallard and American wigeon) during migrating and wintering periods. Its aim was to identify aspects of British Columbia coastal habitat of importance to dabblers through an analysis of the ducks' movements among habitat types and through a description of where and on what ducks feed. Data were collected in 1979 and 1980 along a 30 km stretch of coastline on southeastern Vancouver Island. Results are presented in 3 parts. Part 1 examines the relative use of farm and coastal habitat through a series of censuses conducted weekly at 8 farm and 8 coastal sites. The strong negative correlation between counts at farm and coastal sites indicates that dabblers treat them as alternative habitats. The numbers of ducks on farms was positively correlated with the area of standing water on the fields. Farm habitat, apparently preferred during warm, wet weather, was not used when fields were dry or frozen. Part 2 is a description of feeding location on fields, at estuaries and at a shallow, nonestuarine bay. It is based on observations at selected sites at high and low tide levels. Each duck in each observation period was classified as to location and activity. Both species fed primarily in shallow water, their feeding location shifting with the tides. Both marsh and marine sections of estuaries were used extensively for feeding. The shallow bay was used especially by American wigeon at low tide in fall and early winter. The high marsh areas at estuaries were particularly attractive to mallards when flooded by exceptionally high tides. Feeding intensities were consistently high at farm sites for both species. In Part 3, 23 mallards and 40 American wigeon were shot while feeding in estuarine locations commonly used for feeding. Analysis of gullet contents revealed that both species ate a wide variety of items. Main foods were, for mallards, seeds, invertebrates and green algae and, for American wigeon, green algae, roots, seeds and green vegetation. Algae and marine Invertebrates are not usually considered to be important dabbler foods in estuaries. Major conclusions and recommendations are: 1) Both farm and coastal sites are important to dabblers, with fields being favoured as feeding locations under good flood conditions and coastal habitat being vital during dry or freezing periods. As dabblers move among sites, assessment and management of wintering dabbler habitat should be by wetland complexes rather than by individual estuaries. 2) Dabblers feed in or near shallow water. Fields that do not flood are not worth maintaining as dabbler habitat. Assessment of estuarine marshes should consider the availability of food at all points of the tidal cycle. 3) As both species feed on a wide variety of items, factors affecting shallow water flooding and thus food availability are more important than plant species composition. 4) Marine deltas and beaches are important as refuges from disturbance and as feeding grounds. They form an integral part of dabbler coastal habitat.
Science, Faculty of
Zoology, Department of
Graduate
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Stepaniuk, Darin W. "Planning for woodland caribou winter habitat needs in west-central Alberta." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/mq22677.pdf.

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Dunfey-Ball, Kyle Robert. "Moose Density, Habitat, and Winter Tick Epizootics in a Changing Climate." Thesis, University of New Hampshire, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10262491.

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Unregulated hunting and habitat loss led to a near extirpation of moose (Alces alces) in New Hampshire in the 1800s. After state protection in 1901, the estimated population increased slowly to ∼500 moose in 1977, then increased rapidly in the next 2 decades to ∼7500 following an increase in browse habitat created by spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana ) and related timber salvage operations, and then halved from 1998-2016 despite highly available optimal habitat. The declining population was partially related to the specific management objective to reduce moose-vehicle collisions, and a possible change in deer hunter and moose behavior that influence population estimates. But given the substantial decline in productivity and condition of cows, and frequent episodes of high calf mortality in April, the primary cause of decline was presumed to be is an increase in winter tick abundance.

This study examined the relationships among moose density, optimal habitat, weather/ground conditions, winter tick abundance, and natal dispersal in northern New England. Comparing movement data from the previous (2002-2006) and current (2014-2016) productivity studies in New Hampshire and Maine, the distance of natal dispersal, home and core range size, and home and core range overlap did not significantly (P > 0.05) change despite an increase in optimal habitat and a decrease in moose density.

Geographic changes in tick abundance were related to an interaction between moose density, and the onset and length of winter. Annual changes in tick abundance in northern New Hampshire are driven by desiccating late summer conditions, as well as the length of the fall questing season. Lower precipitation (6.4 cm) and higher minimum temperatures (9.8 °C) specifically concentrated during larval quiescence from mid-August through mid-September reduces winter tick abundance and the likelihood of an epizootic event. The onset of winter, defined by the first snowfall event (> 2.54 cm), influenced the length of the questing season relative to the date of long-term first snowfall event (14 November). In the epizootic region, average winter tick abundance on moose harvested in mid-October indicated a threshold of 36.9 ticks, above which an epizootic is like to occur unless an early snowfall event shortened the fall questing season. Optimal habitat created by forest harvesting was produced at an annual rate of 1.3% (1999-2011) and is not considered limiting in northern New Hampshire, but likely concentrates moose density locally (∼4 moose/km2) facilitating the exchange of winter ticks. In northern New Hampshire, snow cover late into April did not reduce tick abundance in the following year and cold temperatures (< 17 °C) that induced replete adult female mortality are extremely rare in April.

Given a continuation of warming climate and conservative moose harvest weather conditions and high local moose densities will continue to favor the life cycle of winter ticks, increasing the frequency of winter tick epizootics and shift the epizootic region slowly northward. Conversely, temporary reduction of moose density may substantially reduce parasite abundance and support a healthier and more productive moose population.

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Books on the topic "Winter habitat"

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Allen, Arthur W. Habitat suitability index models: Mallard (winter habitat, lower Mississippi Valley). Washington, DC: National Ecology Center, Division of Wildlife and Contaminant Research, Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, 1987.

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Swans in winter. [Stevenson, Wash.]: Ruby Rose's Fairy Tale Emporium, 2012.

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Kujala, Quentin J. Winter habitat selection and habitat status of pine marten in southwest Montana. Bozeman?, Mont.]: [Dept. of Fish, Wildlife, and Parks?], 1993.

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Goldstone, Bruce. Spring stream, winter pond. New York: Macmillan/McGraw-Hill, 2002.

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Morgan, Amy. Winter habitat utilization by juvenile salmonids: A literature review. [Olympia, Wash.?]: Timber, Fish and Wildlife, 1996.

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Eamer, Joan. Winter habitat for dabbling ducks on southeastern Vancouver Island, British Columbia. [Ottawa?]: Environment Canada, 1985.

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Hornbeck, Garry E. Oldman Reservoir mule deer studies: Capture and radio-collaring, winter 1993-94. [Calgary]: Axys Environmental Consulting Ltd., 1994.

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Hitchcock, Mark. Microcomputer software for calculating an elk habitat effectiveness index on Blue Mountain winter range. Portland, Or: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 1992.

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Fager, Craig William. Harvest dynamics and winter habitat use of the pine marten in southwest Montana. Helena: Montana Dept. of Fish, Wildlife, and Parks, Wildlife Division?, 1991.

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Ramsey, Katherine J. Grass-legume seeding to improve winter forage for Roosevelt elk: A literature review. Corvallis, Or: Agricultural Experiment Station, Oregon State University, 1986.

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Book chapters on the topic "Winter habitat"

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Johnson, Joseph S., Anna S. Blomberg, Justin G. Boyles, and Thomas M. Lilley. "The Winter Worries of Bats: Past and Present Perspectives on Winter Habitat and Management of Cave Hibernating Bats." In 50 Years of Bat Research, 209–21. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54727-1_13.

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Masters, J. E. G., J. S. Welton, W. R. C. Beaumont, K. H. Hodder, A. C. Pinder, R. E. Gozlan, and M. Ladle. "Habitat utilisation by pike Esox lucius L. during winter floods in a southern English chalk river." In Aquatic Telemetry, 185–91. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0771-8_21.

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Fairchild, Elizabeth A., Nathan Rennels, and Hunt Howell. "Using Telemetry to Monitor Movements and Habitat Use of Cultured and Wild Juvenile Winter Flounder in a Shallow Estuary." In Reviews: Methods and Technologies in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 5–22. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9640-2_1.

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Danks, H. V. "Winter Habitats and Ecological Adaptations for Winter Survival." In Insects at Low Temperature, 231–59. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-0190-6_10.

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Enders, Eva C., Keith D. Clarke, Curtis J. Pennell, L. M. Neil Ollerhead, and David A. Scruton. "Comparison between PIT and radio telemetry to evaluate winter habitat use and activity patterns of juvenile Atlantic salmon and brown trout." In Developments in Fish Telemetry, 231–42. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6237-7_22.

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Huusko, Ari, Teppo Vehanen, and Morten Stickler. "Salmonid Habitats in Riverine Winter Conditions with Ice." In Ecohydraulics, 177–92. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118526576.ch10.

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Risenhoover, Ken L., and John H. Roese. "A Bioenergetics Model for Evaluating the Quality of Moose Winter Habitats." In The Biology of Deer, 457. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2782-3_105.

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Finch, Deborah M., Jack L. Butler, Justin B. Runyon, Christopher J. Fettig, Francis F. Kilkenny, Shibu Jose, Susan J. Frankel, et al. "Effects of Climate Change on Invasive Species." In Invasive Species in Forests and Rangelands of the United States, 57–83. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45367-1_4.

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AbstractMean surface temperatures have increased globally by ~0.7 °C per century since 1900 and 0.16 °C per decade since 1970 (Levinson and Fettig 2014). Most of this warming is believed to result from increases in atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases produced by human activity. Temperature increases have been greater in winter than in summer, and there is a tendency for these increases to be manifested mainly by changes in minimum (nighttime low) temperatures (Kukla and Karl 1993). Changes in precipitation patterns have also been observed, but are more variable than those of temperature. Even under conservative emission scenarios, future climatic changes are likely to include further increases in temperature with significant drying (drought) in some regions and increases in the frequency and severity of extreme weather events (IPCC 2007). For example, multimodel means of annual temperature from climate projections predict an increase of 3–9 °C in the United States over the next century combined with reductions in summer precipitation in certain areas (Walsh et al. 2014). These changes will affect invasive species in several ways. Furthermore, climate change may challenge the way we perceive and consider nonnative invasive species, as impacts to some will change and others will remain unaffected; other nonnative species are likely to become invasive; and native species are likely to shift their geographic ranges into novel habitats.
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Peters, Martine, Sylvie Fontaine, and Eric Frenette. "Teaching the Teachers: To What Extent Do Pre-service Teachers Cheat on Exams and Plagiarise in Their Written Work?" In Academic Integrity in Canada, 307–32. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83255-1_16.

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AbstractVery little is known about preservice teachers’ actions when it comes to plagiarizing and cheating in their university work. This is particularly the case in Quebec, Canada. It is important to know to what extent these students commit academic misconduct as they will ultimately become the role models who will shape future generations of learners. This chapter reports on a study of this important issue. An online questionnaire was used to survey preservice teachers (n = 573) in five Quebec universities in winter 2018. The majority of participants were between the ages of 18 to 25 and were studying to be kindergarten, primary, special education or high school teachers. The questionnaire contained items about demographic information as well as items on methods of cheating, peers’ influence, perception of control, goal of performance and engaging in studying. Preservice teachers also answered questions that were used to control for social desirability bias. Results showed that some of them reported participating in academic misconduct. Fewer participants reported cheating on exams while studying at university (15.2%) than when they were in high school (34.9%). They believe that the best ways to plagiarise on written assignment are reusing one’s previous work (47.6%), asking somebody else to do the assignment (38.6%), and collaborating with peers (37.2%) while the best ways to cheat on exams would be using hidden material (63%), looking at the neighbour’s copy (55.7%) and using electronic devices (31.9%). Four interpretations for the preservice teacher actions are given: they commit academic misconduct because they want to succeed, because they have poor studying habits which lead them to make poor decisions, because of the cheating culture in which they evolve, and because of the cheating patterns they develop. Recommendations for teacher education programs conclude the article.
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Han, Yi, Xiangyu Liu, Yanhui Du, and Tianliang Lu. "Research on the Relationship Between Chinese Nicknames and Accounts in Social Networks." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 143–56. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-9229-1_9.

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AbstractWith the increasing integration of mobile Internet into people’s daily life, generally a user will register several different network applications at the same time. Therefore, there are many virtual identities belonging to one person on the Internet, and the similarity analysis of cross-platform network identities is of great significance in the field of network security. This paper studied the Chinese user nicknames and virtual identity recognition in domestic social networking. Considering that account nicknames, to some extent, can reflect the characteristics of the account owners’ naming habits and preferences, and that the information of nickname is easier to obtain than other registration information, we collected the nickname information of users who registered on three application platforms: WeChat, Weibo and Alipay. At the same time, according to the characteristics of account nicknames and their probability distribution, we determined the characteristic indicators that can be used to calculate the similarity of nicknames. Finally, this paper optimized the Jaro distance and Jaro-Winkler distance algorithms, and proposed an identity algorithm suitable for domestic social networks, especially calculating the similarity of Chinese nicknames, and verified the effectiveness of the algorithm on the basis of large-scale real data.
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Conference papers on the topic "Winter habitat"

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Knadler, Charles E. "Models of a predator-prey relationship in a closed habitat." In 2008 Winter Simulation Conference (WSC). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wsc.2008.4736407.

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Mulvey, Catherine, Thomas Costanzo, Thomas Shea, Jenine Gallo, Doug Clarke, David Davis, and Sarah Zappala. "Winter Flounder Habitat Utilization and Environmental Windows in New York and New Jersey Harbor." In 12th Triannual International Conference on Ports. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41098(368)55.

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Jurminskaia, Olga, Nina Bagrin, and Elena Zubcov. "Study of acid-neutralizing capacity of the Dniester River under winter low-water conditions." In Xth International Conference of Zoologists. Institute of Zoology, Republic of Moldova, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53937/icz10.2021.12.

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The resistance to acidification of the Dniester water was tested by the method of potentiometric titration. Water samples were collected on the right bank of the Dniester River within the territory of the Republic of Moldova in February 2020. The acid-neutralising capacity values obtained (ANC) were compared with the critical acid load (CAL), which makes it possible to assess the habitat conditions for any group of hydrobionts whose resistance to acidification is known.
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Mendelsohn, Daniel L., Steve Peene, and Ray Pribble. "Modeling the Impacts of Water Withdrawls on the Thermal Regime of the Weeki Wachee River Winter Manatee Habitat." In International Conference on Estuarine and Coastal Modeling 2012. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784412411.00004.

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Lees, Albert, Andrea Jalbert, and M. Traverso. "Assessment of Success Biostabilization Techniques on Selected Watercrossings in Alberta." In 2006 International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2006-10082.

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Since the early 1980’s TransCanada PipeLines Ltd. (TransCanada) has employed a number of stream bank stabilization measures in an effort to minimize the loss of fish habitat and to reduce the risk of long term erosion and sedimentation. Traditional stream crossing stabilization involved the re-contouring of streambanks to a stable slope (generally 2:1) and then lining the banks with rock armour and seeding. TransCanada began using alternate techniques, primarily log-walls in 1981. Since 1981 TransCanada has evolved the use stream bank stabilization techniques to include bio-stabilization techniques such as live log-walls, fascines, live staking, and brush layering in combination with more traditional structures. In 2004, TransCanada initiated a two year project to assess the success of biostabilization techniques used on a number of watercrossing throughout the its’ Alberta System. A total of 22 stream crossings were assessed in 2004 and 24 in 2005. Sites assessed were located the foothills and boreal forest areas of Alberta. In the majority of cases the biostabilization methods utilized were still intact and functioning as planned by providing stable streambanks and fish habitat. Several factors appeared to be influencing the value of the measures employed. Cattle grazing on sites where fencing did not exclude cattle from the crossing site resulted in destruction or reduced value of the measures employed. Uncontrolled All Terrain Vehicle activity resulted in a reduced value of the measure employed. Implementation of biostabilization techniques in the winter months (frozen ground conditions) created challenges in implementation of biostabilization measures resulting in less favorable results compared to other sites constructed in early and late fall. Seeding to control surface erosion also appeared to affect overall success of woody vegetation used as part of the biostabilization techniques. Biostabilization techniques employed by TransCanad have been effective in stabilizing watercrossings and providing fish habitat. In designing biostabilization systems for watercrossings consideration should be given to overall stabilization objectives, stream flow information, fish and fish habitat values, and likelihood of success given the geographic region, timing of construction, and surrounding land-use pressures.
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Antonov, A. L. "MATERIALS ON THE WINTER ECOLOGY OF THE BOAR (SUS SCROFA) IN ANYUI NATIONAL PARK." In Современные проблемы регионального развития. ИКАРП ДВО РАН, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31433/978-5-904121-35-8-2022-17-20.

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The results of studies of the winter ecology of the wild boar Sus scrofa in the Anyui National Park, where the animals are fed in winter, are presented. It has been established that in different parts of the park, the population density, the herd index and the age composition of the groups differ significantly. In general, the population density is higher than in typical habitats of the Amur region.
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Jean, Frederic, Alexandra Branzan Albu, David Capson, Eric Higgs, Jason T. Fisher, and Brian M. Starzomski. "The Mountain Habitats Segmentation and Change Detection Dataset." In 2015 IEEE Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wacv.2015.86.

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Ajder, Vitalie, and Silvia Ursul. "The inventory of the ornitofauna of Sarata Noua lake, Leova county, Republic of Moldova from 2016 – 2021." In Xth International Conference of Zoologists. Institute of Zoology, Republic of Moldova, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53937/icz10.2021.49.

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The Republic of Moldova is a small European country where long-term studies have been more of an exception than a rule. Being an agrarian country, the mosaic of natural and artificial habitats is found on a smaller scale, namely in the Sărata river meadow, and in Sărata Nouă lake and surrounding. The Sărata River is a right tributary of the Prut River in the Republic of Moldova, having a quiet plain character, with a mosaic of natural and artificial habitats which are traditionally managed. The area overlaps with the East-Elbic migration route, the short distance to the Prut River and being located in the northern part of the Bugeac steppe, ensures a great diversity both in winter and nesting, and especially in the migration period. During 2016-2021, we registered the presence of 126 bird species, which represent 46% of the total species encountered in the Republic of Moldova.
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ŠIDLAUSKAS, Gvidas, Irena PRANCKIETIENĖ, Rūta DROMANTIENĖ, and Viktoras PRANCKIETIS. "THE EFFECT OF AGRONOMIC AND CLIMATIC FACTORS ON WINTER OILSEED RAPE (BRASSICA NAPUS L.) ROOT NECK GROWTH IN AUTUMN." In Rural Development 2015. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2015.025.

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The aim of this study was to investigate the growth habit of winter oilseed rape root neck during the vegetative period in autumn. Such information is important for better understanding of winter oilseed rape growth pattern at early stages of development with the purpose to improve over winter survival. Field trials were conducted on Endocalcari – Epihypogleyic Cambisols. For the determination of changes of winter oilseed rape root neck thickness during autumnal development the effect of planting date, seedbed nitrogen application, stand population density, number of calendar days after emergence, accumulated by plants growing degree days and interaction among these factors was tested. For the description of the root neck growth pattern Boltzmann’s growth function performing a nonlinear fitting of estimating parameters was used. Results collected in the experiments indicate that the effect of sowing date including accumulated by plants growing degree days and the number of calendar days after emergence showed much greater effect on winter oilseed rape root diameter than seeding rate or pre-plant nitrogen application. On the basis of collected data winter oilseed rape root neck growth model was developed. These studies that relate mentioned factors to fall growth of winter oilseed rape root neck are presented in the paper.
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Miguel Marques, Fernando. "“ALImentáRIO” - Holder for the Supplementary Feeding of Wild Birds." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001397.

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This is an animal design project (design thinking to meet the needs of animals) which aims to bring birds into contact with humans and - through this solution - to bring the sound and movement produced by them into our lives (whether in the countryside, whether in the urban landscape), which can be translated into joy and peace achieved by the harmony of natural wildlife in our domestic environment.Starting question Knowing that birds are elusive and fearful animals, but also can bring joy and movement to our daily lives, how can we attract them to our coexistence? Supplementary feeding can be a good solution, and there are already some versions available on the international market, especially in countries where winter is more extreme. In southern Europe, feeding birds is still not a very common practice. Depending on the type of food the birds eat in their natural habitat and, depending on the endogenous birds, there are variations in the diet, and only a test of placing food available to the birds will determine the type of food to be placed in the supplementary feeder.The "AlimentáRIO" (feeder) is a ceramic supplementary feeding stand/holder that can contain various types of food, in order to test if birds can be attracted close to your home.There are several types of bird food: nectar, seeds, worms, fruit, tallow/lard... And, for each of these types of food, there is a specific type of feeder. The "AlimentáRIO" is a versatile feeder intended to cover all types. Nectar is more suitable for birds that can pollinate during late winter and early spring, when insects are less active. For these reasons, nectar should only be placed in feeders as a food supplement in the winter and autumn.In Portugal, there are some birds that drink nectar, according to Luís Pascoal da Silva , a researcher at CIBIO-inBIO. The scientist states that there are several pollinating birds in Portugal, but the study of the contribution of these birds to pollination is scarce. Seeds - besides the traditional canary seed - can contain sunflower seeds or nuts, such as walnuts and peanuts, depending on the endogenous birds. Fruit is also sought after by some species of birds, namely apples and pears, in addition to other exotic fruits. However, in general, birds can be drawn to any type of fruit. Fat balls are usually tallow/lard balls with seeds and fruits to reinforce supplementary feeding during cold seasons. The "AlimentáRIO" is a suspended wild bird feeder that can be hung in more or less sheltered places, made with materials resistant to the elements, without the need for maintenance. However, its cleaning must be done according to the recommendations referred to in the full article. As already mentioned, the construction materials are low maintenance, and the food container and the deflecting bell jar are made with stoneware - the type of ceramics more resistant to both bumps and thermal variations. The junction of the two parts is made with a nickel-plated threaded rod, covered with an aluminium tube, and all components are joined by manual screw threads, which allows to assemble and disassemble it without the use of any tools, thus facilitating an in-depth cleaning at the end of the supplementary feeding season.The "AlimentáRIO" has a lower part with four concavities for placing food, which allows the possible placement of different types of food at the same time, thus drawing different species. As it is a feeder consisting of a protective and deflecting bell jar, the birds are protected from possible direct attacks from predators and from falling leaves in the autumn. The fact that it is a supplementary feeder that can be hung with a rope makes it difficult for rats and squirrels to get close to the food, given that, if by chance these animals manage to descend on the rope, they must also overcome the challenge of getting through the bell jar (which is a spherical cap) to get to the place where the food is. The results of the placement tests of this supplementary feeder have been reassuring, which show that the feeders foster the approximation of wild birds in relatively short periods of time - between 3 weeks and one month.
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Reports on the topic "Winter habitat"

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Thomas, Jack Ward, Donavin A. Leckenby, Mark Henjum, Richard J. Pedersen, and Larry D. Bryant. Habitat-effectiveness index for elk on Blue Mountain Winter Ranges. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/pnw-gtr-218.

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Casey, Daniel, and Patrick Malta. Hungry Horse Dam Wildlife Habitat Enhancement Project: Long-Term Habitat Management Plan, Elk and Mule Deer Winter Range Enhancement, Firefighter Mountain and Spotted Bear Winter Ranges. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6194783.

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Hitchcock, Mark, and Alan Ager. Microcomputer software for calculating an elk habitat effectiveness index on Blue Mountain winter ranges. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/pnw-gtr-301.

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Yde, Chis. Kootenai River Wildlife Habitat Enhancement Project : Long-term Bighorn Sheep/Mule Deer Winter and Spring Habitat Improvement Project : Wildlife Mitigation Project, Libby Dam, Montana : Management Plan. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6823352.

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Ford, W. Mark, Kely N. Mertz, Jennifer M. Menzel, and Kenneth K. Sturm. Late winter home range and habitat use of the Virginia northern flying squirrel (Glaucomys sabrinus fuscus). Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/nrs-rp-4.

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Peitz, David, and Naomi Reibold. Bird community monitoring at George Washington Carver National Monu-ment, Missouri: Status report 2008–2020. Edited by Tani Hubbard. National Park Service, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2287852.

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Breeding bird surveys were initiated on George Washington Carver National Monument, Missouri, in 2008 to assess temporal changes in the species composition and abundance of birds on the park and to improve our understanding of relationships between breeding birds and their habitat and the effects of management actions, such as invasive plant species control and tree thinning, on bird populations. Birds were sampled using point counts with 70 variable circular plots located on a systematic grid of 100 x 100-m cells (originating from a random start point). All birds seen or heard on a plot during a 5-min sampling period were recorded. In the 13 years since initiating our breeding bird surveys on the park, birds were surveyed on as many of the 70 variable circular plots as possible each year, resulting in 520 cumulative plot visits. Surveys have yielded records for 100 different species of birds. Ninety-seven of the species recorded are classified as permanent or summer residents to the area, two are classified as transients in the area, and one as a winter resident to the area. Six breeding species recorded are considered species of conservation concern for the Central Hardwoods Bird Conservation Region, the bird conservation region in which George Washington Carver National Monument is located. Of the 97 breeding species recorded, ten species in grassland habitat and six in woodland habitat occurred in numbers large enough to calculate annual abundances with some degree of confidence. Trends in abundance were classified as uncertain for most species, which means that there were no significant increases or decreases, but it is not certain that trends were < 5% per year. The Northern Cardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis) in woodland habitat was stable. The Eastern Meadowlark (Sturnella magna) in grassland habitat was in moderate decline, and the Northern Bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) in grassland habitat was in steep decline. Comparing population trends (i.e., changes in population size over time) on the park with regional trends for the Central Hardwoods Bird Conservation Region suggests that the bird community at George Washington Carver National Monument is faring similarly to that of the region as a whole. Trends in the park’s popula-tions of Field Sparrow (Spizella pusilla) and Indigo Bunting (Passerina cyanea) in grassland habitat and Carolina Wren (Thryothorus ludovicianus) in woodland habitat were uncertain, whereas they declined significantly in the larger region, which could be a result of management on George Washington Carver National Monument. Red-bellied Woodpecker (Melanerpes carolinus) population trends, while uncertain in grassland habitat on the park, increased significantly in the region. The Red-bellied Woodpecker utilizes trees for foraging, which are sparse in the grassland habitat on the park. Declining diversity and richness values suggest that park habitat is declining in its ability to meet the requirements of many of the park’s breeding bird species. This decline in species richness could reflect habitat management practices, but it could also reflect the influences of larger-scale factors such as weather or climatic conditions on vegetation. Therefore, continued monitoring of birds and their habitats on George Washington Carver National Monument as management and weather and climatic conditions change is essential for park management.
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Peitz, David, and Naomi Reibold. Bird community monitoring at Wilson’s Creek National Battlefield, Missouri: Status report 2008–2020. Edited by Tani Hubbard. National Park Service, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2287875.

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Breeding bird surveys were initiated on Wilson’s Creek National Monument, Missouri, in 2008 to assess temporal changes in the species composition and abundance of birds on the park and to improve our understanding of relationships between breeding birds and their habitat and the effects of management actions, such as invasive plant species control and tree thinning, on bird populations. Birds were sampled using point counts with 38 variable circular plots located on a systematic grid of 400 x 400-m cells (originating from a random start point). All birds seen or heard on a plot during a 5-min sampling period were recorded. In the 13 years since initiating our breeding bird survey, birds were surveyed on as many of the 38 variable circular plots as possible each year, resulting in 444 cumulative plot visits. Surveys have yielded records for 119 different species of birds. Ninety-eight of the species recorded are classified as permanent or summer residents to the area, 18 are classified as transients in the area, and 3 as winter residents to the area. Eight breeding species recorded are considered species of conservation concern for the Central Hardwoods Bird Conservation Region, the bird conservation region in which Wilson’s Creek National Battlefield is located. Of the 98 breeding species recorded, 12 species in grassland habitat and 15 in woodland habitat occurred in numbers large enough to calculate annual abundances with some degree of confidence. Trends in abundance were classified as uncertain for most species, which means that no significant increases or decreases occurred but it is not certain that trends were <5% per year. The Indigo Bunting (Passerina cyanea) population in grassland habitat was stable. The Eastern Towhee (Pipilo erythrophthalmus) and Eastern Wood-pewee (Contopus virens) populations in woodland habitat were in moderate decline. Comparing population trends on the park with regional trends for the Central Hardwoods Bird Conservation Region suggests that the bird community at Wilson’s Creek National Battlefield is faring similarly to that of the region as a whole. Stable diversity, richness, and evenness values suggest that the park’s habitat has remained consistent in its ability to meet the requirements of many of the park’s breeding bird species. Any decline in species richness could reflect habitat management practices, but it could also reflect the influences of larger-scale factors such as weather or climatic conditions on vegetation. Therefore, continued monitoring of birds and their habitats on Wilson’s Creek National Battlefield as management and weather and climatic conditions change is essential for park management.
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Peitz, David. Bird community monitoring at Pea Ridge National Military Park, Arkansas: Status report 2008–2021. Edited by Tani Hubbard. National Park Service, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2294263.

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Breeding bird surveys were initiated on Pea Ridge National Military Park, Arkansas in 2008 to assess temporal changes in the species composition and abundance of birds on the park. These data also improve our understanding of relationships between breeding birds and their habitat and the effects of management actions, such as invasive plant species control and tree thinning, on bird populations. Birds were sampled using point counts with 99 variable circular plots located on a systematic grid of 400 x 400-m cells (originating from a random start point). All birds seen or heard on a plot during a 5-minute sampling period were recorded. We surveyed for breeding birds in eight of the last 14 years on as many of the 99 variable circular plots as possible each year, resulting in 592 cumulative plot visits. Surveys have yielded records for 111 different species of birds. Ninety-three of the species recorded are classified as permanent or summer residents to the area, 11 as winter residents to the area, six as transients in the area, and one as a migrant through the area. Nine breeding species recorded are considered species of conservation concern for the Central Hardwoods Bird Conservation Region, the bird conservation region Pea Ridge National Military Park is located within. Of the 93 breeding species recorded, 4 species occurred in grassland and 11 in woodland habitats in numbers large enough to calculate annual abundances with some degree of confidence. However, only the Blue-gray Gnatcatcher (Polioptila caerulea), Eastern Wood-pewee (Contopus virens), Red-eyed Vireo (Vireo olivaceus), and Tufted Titmouse (Baeolophus bicolor) in woodland habitats demonstrated any trends (moderate to strong increases) in abundance. Trends in abundance were classified as uncertain for the rest of the species in both grassland and woodland habitats, which means that no significant increases or decreases occurred, but it is not certain that trends were < 5% per year. Comparisons of population trends on the park with regional trends for the Central Hardwoods Bird Conservation Region suggest that the bird community at Pea Ridge National Military Park is faring similarly to or slightly better than that of the region as a whole. Stable diversity, richness, and evenness values suggest that the park’s habitat has remained consistent in its ability to meet the requirements of many of the park’s breeding bird species. Any increase or decline in species richness could reflect habitat management practices but could also reflect the influences of larger-scale factors such as weather or climatic conditions on vegetation. Therefore, continued monitoring of birds and their habitats on Pea Ridge National Military Park as management and climatic conditions change is essential for park management. - -
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Miller, James E. Wild Turkeys. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, January 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2018.7208751.ws.

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Like other bird and mammal species whose populations have been restored through conservation efforts, wild turkeys are treasured by many recreationists and outdoor enthusiasts. Wild turkeys have responded positively to wildlife habitat and population management. In some areas, however, their increased populations have led to increased damage to property and agricultural crops, and threats to human health and safety. Turkeys frequent agricultural fields, pastures, vineyards and orchards, as well as some urban and suburban neighborhoods. Because of this, they may cause damage or mistakenly be blamed for damage. Research has found that despite increases in turkey numbers and complaints, damage is often caused by other mammalian or bird species, not turkeys. In the instances where turkeys did cause damage, it was to specialty crops, vineyards, orchards, hay bales or silage pits during the winter. In cultured crops or gardens where wood chips, pine straw or other bedding materials (mulch) are placed around plants, wild turkeys sometimes scratch or dig up the material and damage plants when searching for food. Wild turkeys are a valuable game species, treasured by recreational hunters and wildlife enthusiasts.
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Parfenova, Elena. Database "Climate parameters of seed provenances of pine in northern eurasia". SIB-Expertise, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/sib-expertise-0351-25122020.

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Database is created for pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seeds weight from different habitats of northern Eurasia. Each database record consists of the following fields: latitude, longitude, July temperature, January temperature, mean annual temperature, annual precipitation, precipitation of vegetation period, growing degree days of vegetation period, degree days of winter period. Database is of 200 records long distributed along the whole area of pine in northern Eurasia.
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