Journal articles: 'Winsaam'

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Stefanovski, Darko, Peter J. Moate, and Raymond C. Boston. "WinSAAM: a windows-based compartmental modeling system." Metabolism 52, no. 9 (September 2003): 1153–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0026-0495(03)00144-6.

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Park, Hyunjin, and Michael H. Green. "Parameter identifiability and Extended Multiple Studies Analysis of a compartmental model for human vitamin A kinetics: fixing fractional transfer coefficients for the initial steps in the absorptive process." British Journal of Nutrition 111, no. 6 (November 11, 2013): 1004–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114513003450.

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In the existing compartmental models of human vitamin A metabolism, parameters related to the absorption of the isotopic oral dose have not been well identified. We hypothesised that fixing some poorly identified parameters related to vitamin A absorption would improve parameter identifiability and add statistical certainty to such models. In the present study, data for serum vitamin A kinetics in nine subjects given [2H8]retinyl acetate orally and a model with absorption fixed at 75 % were used to test this hypothesis. In addition to absorption efficiency, we fixed two other fractional transfer coefficients: one representing the initial processing of the ingested dose and the other representing the direct secretion of retinol bound to retinol-binding protein (RBP) from enterocytes into the plasma. The Windows version of Simulation, Analysis and Modeling software (WinSAAM) was used to fit serum tracer data v. time for each subject. Then, a population model was generated by WinSAAM's Extended Multiple Studies Analysis. All the parameters had fractional standard deviations < 0·5, and none of the pairs of parameters had a correlation coefficient >0·8 (accepted criteria for well-identified parameters). Similar to the values predicted by the original model, total traced mass for retinol was 1160 (sd 468) μmol, and the time for retinol to appear in the plasma bound to RBP was 31·3 (sd 4·4) h. In conclusion, we suggest that this approach holds promise for advancing compartmental modelling of vitamin A kinetics in humans when the dose must be administered orally.

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Green, Michael H. "Evaluation of the Olson Equation, an Isotope Dilution Method for Estimating Vitamin A Stores." International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research 84, Supplement 1 (December 1, 2014): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0300-9831/a000181.

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Isotope dilution methods have been successfully used to estimate vitamin A status in human populations as well as to evaluate the impact of vitamin A interventions. The most commonly applied isotope dilution method is the retinol isotope dilution technique, which is based on the 1989 Olson equation for estimating total body vitamin A stores (sometimes equated to liver vitamin A) after an oral dose of labeled vitamin A. The equation relies on several factors related to absorption and retention of the dose, the equilibration of label in plasma vs. liver, and timing of a blood sample for measurement of labeled vitamin A. Here, the assumptions underlying these factors are discussed, and new results based on applying model-based compartmental analysis [specifically, the Simulation, Analysis and Modeling software (WinSAAM)] to data on retinol kinetics in humans are summarized. A simplification of the Olson equation, in which plasma tracer is measured 3 days after administration of the oral dose and several factors are eliminated, is presented. The potential usefulness of the retinol isotope dilution technique for setting vitamin A requirements and assessing vitamin A status in children, as well as the confounding effects of inflammation and likely variability in vitamin A absorption, are also discussed.

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Cao, Sisi, Meryl E. Wastney, Pamela J. Lachcik, Hui-Hui Xiao, Connie M. Weaver, and Man-Sau Wong. "Both Oleanolic Acid and a Mixture of Oleanolic and Ursolic Acids Mimic the Effects of Fructus ligustri lucidi on Bone Properties and Circulating 1,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol in Ovariectomized Rats." Journal of Nutrition 148, no. 12 (November 6, 2018): 1895–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxy242.

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ABSTRACT Background Oleanolic acid (OA) and ursolic acid (UA) are major chemical constituents found in Fructus ligustri lucidi (FLL), a Chinese herb previously shown to increase bone properties and modulate calcium-vitamin D metabolism in rats. OA and UA have been reported to exert osteoprotective effects in vitro. Objective The present study was designed to determine whether OA or OA + UA mimicked the effects of FLL on bone and calcium homeostasis using ovariectomized rats. Methods Three-month-old ovariectomized Sprague-Dawley rats were stabilized for 2 mo and randomly assigned to 4 groups offered the same amount (15–17 g/d) of a control diet or experimental diets containing FLL (18.8 g/kg), OA (0.67 g/kg), or OA (0.67 g/kg) + UA (0.22 g/kg) for 6 wk. Serum was obtained for measurement of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol [1,25(OH)2D3] and bones were collected for micro-CT analysis. Calcium balance was measured at weeks 1 and 6. A calcium kinetic study using 45Ca was conducted at week 6 and modeled using WinSAAM software. Results Compared with the control group, rats fed the FLL-, OA-, and OA + UA-enriched diets had better bone properties and 51%, 31%, and 27% higher serum 1,25(OH)2D3 concentrations at week 6, respectively. These variables did not differ between the treatments. Calcium balance was not affected by diet at either week 1 or week 6. Kinetic modeling predicted that FLL and OA + UA diet-fed rats had 9% and 15% less endogenous excretion of calcium, respectively, compared with the control group. All 3 treatments resulted in a higher calcium mass of compartment 3 because of changes in transfer rate between compartments 2 and 3, and were positively associated with the serum 1,25(OH)2D3 concentration (R2 = 0.28; P < 0.01). Conclusion Similar to FLL, OA and OA + UA increase bone properties, serum 1,25(OH)2D3 concentration, and calcium use in ovariectomized rats, suggesting their potential role in management of osteoporosis.

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Ford, Jennifer Lynn, Joanne Balmer Green, Marjorie J. Haskell, Shaikh M. Ahmad, Dora Inés Mazariegos Cordero, Anthony Oxley, Reina Engle-Stone, Georg Lietz, and Michael H. Green. "Use of Model-Based Compartmental Analysis and a Super-Child Design to Study Whole-Body Retinol Kinetics and Vitamin A Total Body Stores in Children from 3 Lower-Income Countries." Journal of Nutrition 150, no. 2 (September 18, 2019): 411–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxz225.

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ABSTRACT Background Model-based compartmental analysis has been used to describe and quantify whole-body vitamin A metabolism and estimate total body stores (TBS) in animals and humans. Objectives We applied compartmental modeling and a super-child design to estimate retinol kinetic parameters and TBS for young children in Bangladesh, Guatemala, and the Philippines. Methods Children ingested [13C10]retinyl acetate and 1 or 2 blood samples were collected from each child from 6 h to 28 d after dosing. Temporal data for fraction of dose in plasma [13C10]retinol were modeled using WinSAAM software and a 6-component model with vitamin A intake included as weighted data. Results Model-predicted TBS was 198, 533, and 1062 μmol for the Bangladeshi (age, 9–17 mo), Filipino (12–18 mo), and Guatemalan children (35–65 mo). Retinol kinetics were similar for Filipino and Guatemalan groups and generally faster for Bangladeshi children, although fractional transfer of plasma retinol to a larger exchangeable storage pool was the same for the 3 groups. Recycling to plasma from that pool was ∼2.5 times faster in the Bangladeshi children compared with the other groups and the recycling number was 2–3 times greater. Differences in kinetics between groups are likely related to differences in vitamin A stores and intakes (geometric means: 352, 727, and 764 μg retinol activity equivalents/d for the Bangladeshi, Filipino, and Guatemalan children, respectively). Conclusions By collecting 1 or 2 blood samples from each child to generate a composite plasma tracer data set with a minimum of 5 children/time, group TBS and retinol kinetics can be estimated in children by compartmental analysis; inclusion of vitamin A intake data increases confidence in model predictions. The super-child modeling approach is an effective technique for comparing vitamin A status among children from different populations. These trials were registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03000543 (Bangladesh), NCT03345147 (Guatemala), and NCT03030339 (Philippines).

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Green, Michael, Jennifer Ford, and Joanne Green. "Validation of a Method for Estimating Vitamin A Absorption Efficiency Based on Compartmental Analysis of Post-Prandial Plasma Retinyl Ester Kinetics." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (May 29, 2020): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa041_012.

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Abstract Objectives Because good methods are not available to estimate vitamin A (VA) absorption, we evaluated an approach based on modeling retinyl ester response to an oral VA dose. Methods We generated data for 12 theoretical subjects, assigning values for VA absorption, stores, and kinetic parameters; we used WinSAAM (Simulation, Analysis and Modeling software) to simulate data (without and with 5% average error) for plasma chylomicron retinyl esters (RE) and retinol versus time (30 min to 8 h or 56 d, respectively) after ingestion of labeled VA; next we fit data to a previously-published 9-component model for VA metabolism to obtain “known” values for VA absorption. Then RE data only were modeled for each subject using a robust (n = 16 times) vs truncated sampling schedule (n = 10) and model-predicted absorptions were compared to known values. Areas under the plasma RE response curves (AUCs) were also calculated and compared to known absorption values. Results Known values for VA absorption based on modeling all data with error ranged from 54 – 92% (mean, 72%), VA stores from 160 – 1775 μmol, and chylomicron t1/2 from 6 – 12 min. Using the full sampling scheme for RE, the ratio of model-predicted to known absorption ranged from 0.927 – 1.06 (mean, 0.997); using the truncated scheme, the ratio was 0.814 – 1.13 (mean, 0.973). AUCs were not significantly correlated with known values for VA absorption (R2 = 0.112; P > 0.05), presumably because absorption and chylomicron catabolism are occurring simultaneously. Conclusions By modeling chylomicron RE tracer data after ingestion of labeled VA, absorption efficiency was estimated accurately using error-free data; using data with 5% error, estimates were within 10% of known values (full sampling) or within 20% (truncated). If subjects, after an overnight fast, consume a breakfast containing some fat and a known amount of VA, then no tracer is required to estimate VA absorption using this modeling approach. By incorporating a population-based design, the method could be used in children. Funding Sources Supported by Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (Project Number OPP1115464) and HarvestPlus (BH183438).

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Nolan, J. V., R. A. Leng, R. C. Dobos, and R. C. Boston. "The production of acetate, propionate and butyrate in the rumen of sheep: fitting models to 14C- or 13C-labelled tracer data to determine synthesis rates and interconversions." Animal Production Science 54, no. 12 (2014): 2082. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an14539.

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A procedure is described for solving an open, fully exchanging, three-compartment model representing ruminal volatile fatty acids (VFA) kinetics in sheep. This model was solved using results from a published study in which labelled VFA, viz. 1-14C-acetate (Ac), 1-14C-propionate (Pr) and 1-14C-butyrate (Bu), were infused individually at a constant rate for 240 min into the rumen of sheep on different occasions. During the tracer infusions, the sheep were given 75 g of lucerne (Medicago sativa) every hour. The patterns of increasing specific radioactivity (SA) during the infusions were described by differential equations that were solved using the computer software, WinSAAM. This linear kinetic analysis gave estimates of the rates of synthesis and absorption of Ac, Pr and Bu and the carbon interconversions between each acid. The sizes of the Ac, Pr and Bu compartments (10.5, 3.9 and 2.1 g C respectively), were also estimated, which is not possible with commonly used algebraic analyses. The model output showed that tracer : tracee equilibrium (plateau SA) had not been reached in the Ac, Pr and Bu compartments during the 240 min of tracer infusion and the algebraic method of analysis used in the original study was therefore compromised. The procedures described here eliminated this source of error; in addition, confidence in the model solution was improved because all data representing the build-up to plateau SA were used, rather than just estimates of ‘plateau’ SA. After accounting for VFA interconversions, the rates of VFA absorption (or incorporation into other materials such as microbial polymers or methane) were 85, 48 and 49 g C/day, or 78%, 91% and 73% of the total production of each VFA, respectively. The variability in the observed SA responses to the tracer infusions was relatively large and this is discussed. Model solutions using the linear kinetic analysis and the previously widely used algebraic analyses are compared. The effect of positional labelling in tracer VFA is also discussed in the light of evidence that the rate of absorption of Pr may be overestimated when [1-14C]-Pr rather than [2-14C]-Pr or uniformly labelled [14C]-Pr is used as the Pr tracer.

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Hodges, Joanna, Geoffrey Sasaki, and Richard Bruno. "Epigallocatechin Is Eliminated Faster From Plasma Than Epigallocatechin Gallate: Mathematical Modeling of Green Tea Catechin Metabolism in Healthy Adults." Current Developments in Nutrition 5, Supplement_2 (June 2021): 323. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab037_033.

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Abstract Objectives The predominant catechins [epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), epigallocatechin (EGC), epicatechin (EC), epicatechin gallate (ECG)] in green tea extract (GTE) vary in bioactivity. Our objective was to develop a physiologically relevant mathematical model of catechin metabolism and assess their fractional catabolic rates relative to their structural attributes, which may influence their bioactivities. Methods Pharmacokinetic data were collected from healthy adults (n = 18; 27 ± 7 y; 22 ± 2 kg/m2) after oral intake of 0.5 g GTE (EGCG: 290 mg, EGC: 87 mg, EC: 39 mg, ECG: 28 mg) delivered in 3 gelatin-based confections. Participants maintained a low-polyphenol diet for 3 d prior to the trial. Concentrations of deconjugated catechins were measured by LC-MS in plasma and urine collected at timed intervals over 12 and 24 h, respectively. A multi-compartment model of catechin metabolism was developed using the mean fraction of dose for all catechins. Data were fitted by iterative least squares regression analysis in WinSAAM software. Kinetic parameters for EGCG and EGC were compared using a Student t-test and one-way ANOVA. Results Observed data for each catechin were successfully fit into a 7-compartment model comprised of the gastrointestinal tract (stomach, small and large intestine), liver, plasma, extravascular tissues, and kidneys. Goodness of fit was ascertained by the estimated variability of parameters (FSD < 0.5). Based on plasma response profiles, EGC and EC disappeared from plasma faster compared with EGCG and ECG. The highest fractional uptake was by the extravascular tissues (P < 0.05) with no other between-organ differences. Compared with EGCG, EGC showed a higher fractional transfer from the liver to plasma (2.5 vs. 0.4 pools/h, P < 0.001) and the uptake by kidneys (1.2 vs. 0.01 pools/h, P < 0.001) with no difference in absorption. The fractional catabolic rate was also higher for EGC compared with EGCG (59.4 vs. 42.7 plasma pools/h, P < 0.05), while its plasma transit time was shorter (0.9 vs. 1.3 min, P < 0.05). Conclusions A 7-compartment model, to be validated in a future study, was successfully developed to demonstrate that EGC is eliminated faster compared with EGCG in healthy adults, suggesting that the gallate group may influence relative bioactivity of catechins. Funding Sources The Ohio State University and the National Institute of Food and Agriculture.

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Smith, Scott M., and David B. Whitlark. "WINSTAT 2.0 [Computer Software]." Journal of Marketing Research 31, no. 1 (February 1994): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3151956.

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Divall, Colin. "(Alan) Winstan Bond, OBE." Journal of Transport History 30, no. 1 (June 2009): v—vii. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/tjth.30.1.2.

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Green, Briana. "San Manuel's Second Exception: Identifying Treaty Provisions That Support Tribal Labor Sovereignty." Michigan Journal of Environmental & Administrative Law, no. 6.2 (2017): 463. http://dx.doi.org/10.36640/mjeal.6.2.san.

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Inspired by the holding in WinStar World Casino, this Note considers the potential for tribes to make treaty-based arguments when facing the threat of National Labor Relations Board jurisdiction. This Note presents the results of a survey of U.S. government treaties with Native Americans to identify those treaties with language similar to that interpreted by the Board in WinStar World Casino. The survey identified four treaties and four tribes that could make treaty-based arguments like those made in Winstar World Casino: the Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation, the Muscogee (Creek) Nation, the Seminole Nation of Oklahoma, and the Menominee Indian Tribe of Wisconsin. As the applicability of WinStar World Casino is narrow, this Note also considers the possibility of a broader legislative option to clarify the law and ensure labor sovereignty for all tribes.

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Macey, Jonathan R. "Winstar, Bureaucracy and Public Choice." Supreme Court Economic Review 6 (January 1998): 173–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/scer.6.1147105.

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Ng, Alexander W., Lasse Mertins, and Charles L. Martin. "Winstar Communications: corporate fraud and auditing procedures." CASE Journal 11, no. 2 (April 2, 2015): 147–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tcj-07-2014-0053.

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Synopsis Winstar Communications was a successful and fast growing telecommunication company in the 1990s and early 2000s. However, in the early 2000s, the company started to struggle financially. In 2000, Grant Thornton audited Winstar, issuing an unqualified opinion. After Winstar went into bankruptcy in 2002, investors started to question the quality of the audit. This teaching case is based on the Gould v. Grant Thornton case that was tried in the United States Court of Appeals in 2011/2012. It provides accounting students with an opportunity to learn about auditing procedures and the consequences when auditing procedures are not correctly followed. Research methodology Teaching case study. Relevant courses and levels This case study is suitable for introductory undergraduate auditing, advanced undergraduate auditing and master level auditing courses.

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Tiwari, Dev N., Ram C. Adhikari, and Man B. Shrestha. "Physicochemical Properties and Yield of Tomato Varieties under Plastic House Condition." Nepal Journal of Science and Technology 15, no. 2 (February 14, 2015): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v15i2.12106.

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Seven tomato varieties, Ahmita, BL-410, Ceres, Dalila, Makish, Srijana and Winsari were evaluated for physicochemical properties and fruit yield under plastic house condition during rainy seasons of two consecutive years 2012 and 2013 at the Regional Agriculture Research Station, Lumle, Kaski . The experiment was laid out in a complete randomized block design with four replications. The physicochemical analyses revealed that BL-410 had the highest total soluble solid (5.22 oBx) while Srijana had the highest tritrable acidity (0.903%) and vitamic C content (32.32 mg/100 g). It showed that Srijana was the most useful variety from nutritional perspective. BL-410 took least time to flowering (22.00 days), fruiting (28.00 days) and first harvesting (72.00 days) after transplanting. Ahmita produced maximum number of fruits per cluster (8.43). Ceres produced largest size (122.0 g) fruit while Winsari measured the tallest plant (120.5). Winsari produced highest marketable yield (105.8 t ha<sup>-1</sup>). Thus, it has been recommended for commercial production. Srijana, which has highest nutritional value needs to be promoted with increasing its productivity.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/njst.v15i2.12106 Nepal Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 15, No.2 (2014) 17-22

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SCHÜRER, NORBERT. "Jane Cave Winscom: Provincial Poetry and the Metropolitan Connection." Journal for Eighteenth-Century Studies 36, no. 3 (March 13, 2013): 415–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1754-0208.12010.

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Cook, Patrick. "Woria� �a Winsalo: The bonds of exile in ?The Wanderer?" Neophilologus 80, no. 1 (January 1996): 127–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00430024.

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Lee, Grace, Tyler M. Moore, Mathias Basner, Jad Nasrini, David R. Roalf, Kosha Ruparel, Allison M. Port, David F. Dinges, and Ruben C. Gur. "Age, Sex, and Repeated Measures Effects on NASA’s “Cognition” Test Battery in STEM Educated Adults." Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance 91, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3357/amhp.5485.2020.

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BACKGROUND: Cognition is a neurocognitive test battery created at the University of Pennsylvania and adapted by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). It comprises 10 neurocognitive tests that examine multiple domains, and has been validated in a normative sample of STEM-educated adults and compared to NASA’s WinSCAT battery.METHODS: The purpose of this study was to follow the original sample to assess Cognition and WinSCAT’s test-retest reliability and age, sex, and test-retest interval effects on performance.RESULTS: Performance on both Cognition and WinSCAT decreased with age but improved with repeated administration due to practice effects, and men had higher scores than women on tasks that required vigilant attention, spatial reasoning, and risk-taking behaviors. Assessment of test-retest reliability showed intraclass coefficients for efficiency ranging from 0.417 to 0.810, reflecting the broad nature of constructs assessed by Cognition.DISCUSSION: Results largely matched predictions, with some counter-intuitive results for test-retest reliability interval.Lee G, Moore TM, Basner M, Nasrini J, Roalf DR, Ruparel K, Port AM, Dinges DF, Gur RC. Age, sex, and repeated measures effects on NASA’s “Cognition” Test Battery in STEM educated adults. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2020; 91(1):18–25.

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McKim, Elizabeth. "Making Poetry of Pain: The Headache Poems of Jane Cave Winscom." Literature and Medicine 24, no. 1 (2005): 93–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/lm.2005.0030.

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Alam, Taufiqul, Ahmed Mahmoud, Kim D. Jones, Juan César Bezares-Cruz, and Javier Guerrero. "WinSLAMM Simulation of Hydrologic Performance of Permeable Pavements—A Case Study in the Semi-Arid Lower Rio Grande Valley of South Texas, United States." Water 11, no. 9 (September 8, 2019): 1865. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11091865.

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This study used the Source Loading and Management Model for Windows (WinSLAMM) to develop a set of calibrated hydrologic models for three types of regional permeable pavements—porous concrete pavement (PCP), permeable interlocking concrete pavement (PICP), and interlocking block pavement with gravel (IBPG). The objective was to assess the hydrologic performance of permeable pavements, including the runoff depth, peak discharge, percentage increment in runoff reduction of pavements as a function of rainfall depth, development area, and base aggregate porosity, respectively. The permeable pavements were monitored over a wide range of rainfall events in the semi-arid Lower Rio Grande Valley of South Texas. Data regarding rainfall intensities, source characterizations, runoff coefficients, and pavement design were initialized as WinSLAMM input. Validation results showed that the calibrated models could over or under-predict runoff reduction within a 30% error range. PCP and IBPG were very effective and could be capable of handling storms as large as 50-year frequency over a 24-h time period. The modeling results showed that PCP might require a 50–60% lesser footprint area as compared to PICP and IBPG, respectively. Additionally, PCP might be able to store 30% additional runoff if the porosity of base aggregates was increased by 40%.

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Burridge, J. M., B. M. Collins, B. N. Galton, A. R. Halbert, T. R. Heywood, W. H. Latham, R. W. Phippen, et al. "The WINSOM solid modeller and its application to data visualization." IBM Systems Journal 28, no. 4 (1989): 548–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1147/sj.284.0548.

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Hopkins, John. "Technical visit: BDS conference 2012 – tour of Winscar, Langsett and Underbank reservoirs." Dams and Reservoirs 22, no. 2 (June 2012): 79–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/dare.12.00019.

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Young, Bailee, Jon Hathaway, Whitney Lisenbee, and Qiang He. "Assessing the Runoff Reduction Potential of Highway Swales and WinSLAMM as a Predictive Tool." Sustainability 10, no. 8 (August 13, 2018): 2871. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10082871.

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Across the United States, the impacts of stormwater runoff are being managed through the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) in an effort to restore and/or maintain the quality of surface waters. State transportation authorities fall within this regulatory framework, being tasked with managing runoff leaving their impervious surfaces. Opportunely, the highway environment also has substantial amounts of green space that may be leveraged for this purpose. However, there are questions as to how much runoff reduction is provided by these spaces, a question that may have a dramatic impact on stormwater management strategies across the country. A highway median swale, located on Asheville Highway, Knoxville, Tennessee, was monitored for hydrology over an 11-month period. The total catchment was 0.64 ha, with 0.26 ha of roadway draining to 0.38 ha of a vegetated median. The results of this study indicated that 87.2% of runoff volume was sequestered by the swale. The Source Loading and Management Model for Windows (WinSLAMM) was used to model the swale runoff reduction performance to determine how well this model may perform in such an application. To calibrate the model, adjustments were made to measured on-site infiltration rates, which was identified as a sensitive parameter in the model that also had substantial measurement uncertainty in the field. The calibrated model performed reasonably with a Nash Sutcliffe Efficiency of 0.46. WinSLAMM proved to be a beneficial resource to assess green space performance; however, the sensitivity of the infiltration parameter suggests that field measurements of this characteristic may be needed to achieve accurate results.

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Andjani, H. N., Y. Sentosa, K. Yati, A. Fauzantoro, M. Gozan, and Y. J. Yoo. "Acute Oral Toxicity Test of Nicotiana tabacum L. Bio-Oil Against Female Winstar Rats." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 353 (October 31, 2019): 012047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/353/1/012047.

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Kiassos, D., S. Papadopoulos, E. Chatzigiannakis, E. Agapitos, and S. Theocharis. "Eversion of fulminant hepatic necrosis and encephalopathy with ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) in winstar rats." Hellenic Journal of Surgery 82, no. 2 (April 2010): 125–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13126-010-0018-6.

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Sonerud, Geir A. "Brood Movements in Grouse and Waders as Defence against Winstay Search in Their Predators." Oikos 44, no. 2 (April 1985): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3544702.

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De la Torre, Gabriel G., Jose M. Mestre Navas, and Rocio Guil Bozal. "Neurocognitive performance using the Windows spaceflight cognitive assessment tool (WinSCAT) in human spaceflight simulations." Aerospace Science and Technology 35 (May 2014): 87–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2014.02.006.

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Trivedi, Amit Kumar, Emily Vanlalmalsawmi, Zothanmawii Renthlei, and Lalremruati Jongte. "Food, not the photoperiod, entrains the circadian rhythms in the liver of Winstar albino rats." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 14, no. 2 (June 18, 2022): 559–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v14i2.3447.

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The central oscillator is located in mammals' suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). The liver is the non-photic organ and the centre for metabolic activities. Food could be a potential zeitgeber for the liver as the timing of feeding is precise in animals. The present study hypothesized that the food provided at a different time of the day (consistently delay of 6 hours) could lead to the desynchronization of daily rhythms in clock genes in liver tissues. The Winstar albino rats were divided into three groups and were exposed to a daily light-dark cycle (12L:12D; 12h light and 12h dark). The Group 1 (Control group) had food ad libitum, Group 2- second group- 6h food group had daily food availability of 6h (night fed group). In contrast, Group 3- T30 group was provided food for 6 hours but delayed by 6h from the previous day's food timing. After 30 days, animals were sacrificed at six-time points and the expression of clock genes was studied in the liver. Food cycle's effect was observed on body mass, and it was significantly (P < 0.05) reduced in the T30 group. The circadian clock persisted in both food ad libitum and night fed groups but changed in phase and amplitude. However, it lost daily rhythm in clock genes in liver tissues of the T30 group. These results are significant as they suggest that the food's timing is critical for synchronizing the circadian clock in the metabolic center, i.e., the liver.

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Yudhani, Ratih D., Riza N. Pesik, Sarah Azzahro, Adliah F. Anisa, and Rizka Hendriyani. "Acute Toxicity Test of Amomum cardamomum (Kapulaga) Seed Extract on Hepatic Trasaminase Enzyme in Winstar Rats." Indonesian Journal of Clinical Pharmacy 9, no. 4 (December 10, 2020): 288. http://dx.doi.org/10.15416/ijcp.2020.9.4.288.

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The herb frequently used as spices or remedies in the Indonesian community, with the seed as the most common part is kapulaga (Amomum cardamomum). According to earlier evidence, this possessed antibacterial, antifungal and several biological properties, reduced blood glucose and atherogenic parameter, and is developed as standardized herbal cures. However, the application of herbal medicine requires validating evidence of safety and effectiveness, including toxicity tests, particularly in clinical settings. The target organs in this comprised hepar, due to the role in several drug metabolism. This study aimed at discovering the safety profile of kapulaga seed extract based on the hepatic transaminase enzyme (SGOT and SGPT) level, by conducting an acute toxicity test in Winstar rats. Also, this was implemented with the OECD 420 Fixed-Dose Procedure, and the preliminary test employed 300 mg/kg BW dose followed by a maximum single quantity (2000 mg/kg BW) of kapulaga. The main test was executed by a separation into control and treatment groups of 5 rats each. Therefore, a single dose of 2000 mg/kg BW kapulaga seed extract was administered to the treatment group, while the control group received standard pellets and water ad libitum. The blood from orbital vein was acquired on day 14, and SGOT and SGPT were subsequently assessed by an enzymatic-photometric method. Also, this data was analyzed using an independent sample t-test, and the mean of SGOT in both groups were 116.92±22.35 and 98.02±16.38 (p=0.17), with 58.72±8.79 and 47.64±7.30 (p=0.06) as SGPT respectively. Therefore, there was no statistical difference, and no acute toxicity signs were discovered. The maximum dose was not toxic and did not result in poisonous symptoms or alter hepatic transaminase enzyme (SGOT and SGPT) in rats.Keywords: Amomum cardamomum, kapulaga, acute toxicity, SGOT, SGPT Uji Toksisitas Akut Ekstrak Biji Kapulaga (Amomum cardamomum) Berdasarkan Kadar Enzim Transaminase Hepar Tikus WinstarAbstrakKapulaga (Amomum cardamomum), merupakan salah satu herbal Indonesia yang secara umum dimanfaatkan sebagai rempah-rempah maupun obat, terutama bagian biji. Beberapa bukti sebelumnya menunjukkan bahwa kapulaga memiliki berbagai aktivitas biologis seperti antibakteri, antijamur, dan sudah dibuktikan mampu menurunkan glukosa darah dan parameter arterogenik. Bukti tersebut mendukung pengembangan kapulaga sebagai obat herbal terstandar. Penggunaan obat herbal terutama di klinik harus didukung dengan adanya bukti keamanan maupun efektivitasnya termasuk uji toksisitas. Hepar merupakan salah satu target organ dari uji toksisitas karena perannya yang penting pada metabolisme sebagian besar obat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai profil keamanan ekstrak biji kapulaga melalui uji toksisitas akut menggunakan tikus Winstar berdasarkan kadar enzim transaminase hepar (SGOT dan SGPT). Uji toksisitas akut berpedoman pada OECD 420 Fixed Dose Procedure. Uji pendahuluan menggunakan ekstrak biji kapulaga dosis 300 mg/kg BB dan diikuti dengan dosis tinggi 2000 mg/kg BB yang diberikan secara tunggal. Uji utama dilakukan dengan membagi tikus ke dalam kelompok kontrol dan perlakuan, masing-masing kelompok terdiri atas 5 tikus. Berdasarkan hasil uji pendahuluan, uji utama menggunakan dosis tunggal 2000 mg/kg BB untuk kelompok perlakuan, sedangkan kelompok kontrol hanya mendapatkan pelet dan air secukupnya. Pada hari ke-14, darah dari vena orbital diambil, lalu kadar SGOT dan SGPT diukur menggunakan metode enzymatic-photometric. Independent sample t-test digunakan untuk menilai data rata-rata kadar SGOT dan SGPT dari kedua kelompok. Rata-rata kadar SGOT pada kelompok kontrol dan perlakuan sebesar 116,92±22,35 dan 98,02±16,38 (p=0,17), sedangkan rata-rata SGPT sebesar 58,72±8,79 dan 47,64±7,30 (p=0,06). Perbedaan rata-rata SGOT dan SGPT pada kedua kelompok tersebut secara statistik tidak bermakna dan tidak ditemukan tanda toksisitas pada semua hewan coba. Ekstrak biji kapulaga dosis maksimal 2000 mg/kg BB tidak toksik pada hepar tikus karena tidak menimbulkan tanda toksisitas maupun mengubah enzim transaminase hati (SGOT dan SGPT). Kata kunci: Amomum cardamomum, kapulaga, toksisitas akut, SGOT, SGPT

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GALESTIN, Marjan. "A fourth-century silver hoard from Winsum in the Province of Friesland (The Netherlands)." BABESCH - Bulletin Antieke Beschaving 68 (January 1, 1993): 257–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2143/bab.68.0.2005967.

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Talebi, Leila, Robert Pitt, and Shirley Clark. "Stormwater Reuse Opportunities and Effects on Urban Infrastructure Management; Review of Practices and Proposal of WinSLAMM Modeling." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2012, no. 5 (January 1, 2012): 577–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864712811699032.

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BPA, Fernando, Hettiarachchi GTK, and Kumara GUA. "Evaluation of the Efficacy of Sapta Winsati Guggulu in the Management of Shushkarsha: A Comparative Clinical Study." International Journal of Health Sciences and Research 11, no. 6 (June 10, 2021): 172–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijhsr.20210627.

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Introduction: Hemorrhoids, also called piles, co-related with Arsha in Ayurveda, are swollen veins in the anus and the lower rectum, similar to varicose veins. Hemorrhoids can develop inside the rectum known as internal hemorrhoids or under the skin around the anus known as external hemorrhoids. Worldwide, the prevalence of symptomatic hemorrhoids is estimated at 4.4% in the general population. Objectives: This is a clinical study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of the Sapta Winshati Guggulu in the management of Shushkarsha. Methodology: 40 patients diagnosed with Shushkarsha were randomly selected to this study and they were randomly divided into two groups and was named as the Group-A (Tested group) and the Group-B (Control group). All the patients (both A and B groups) were treated by Abhayarishta, Chirabilwa Kwatha and Sukumara Churna. Only Group-A (testing group) was additionally treated with Sapta Winshati Guggulu. Data collection: Subjective parameters such as pain and Objective parameters such as circumference of the pile and distance of the prolapse were collected. Data analysis: All the subjective and objective parameters were entered by using reputed methods and were analyzed by using graphs and figures and SPSS Statistical Software. Results: p-value and t-value of Group-A and Group-B were statistically significant. But, Significant level of Group-A was higher than Group-B. Conclusion: According to the findings, finally it can be concluded that the Sapta Winshati Guggulu has remarkable effect in the management of the Shushkarsha. Key words: Hemorrhoids, Piles, Shushkarsha, Chirabilwa Kwatha, Sapta Winshati Guggulu.

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Ibarra-Estrada, Emmanuel, Rocío Téllez-Morales, Marcos Soto-Hernández, Mariano Martínez-Vázquez, Rosario García-Mateos, and Rubén San Miguel-Chávez. "ACTIVIDAD ANTIMICÓTICA in vitro DE ERISOVINA." Revista Fitotecnia Mexicana 32, no. 4 (December 28, 2009): 327–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.35196/rfm.2009.4.327-330.

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Varios alcaloides del género Erythrina presentan actividad farmacológica que parece estar asociada con la amina terciaria espiroamina. E. americana sintetiza erisovina, alcaloide tóxico con una D L50 de 25.23 mg kg-1 contra ratas ‘Winstar’, y que no ha sido probado como agente biocida contra microorganismos. En este estudio se investigó la actividad antimicótica de la erisovina, aislada de semillas maduras de E. americana en los hongos fitopatógenos Alternaria solani, Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium oxysporum, Monilia fructicola, Penicillium sp. y Trichoderma harzianum mediante el método de difusión de disco de papel. B. cinerea, F. oxysporum y M. fructicola presentaron la mayor susceptibilidad a la erisovina, ya que una dosis de 8 mg mL-1 inhibió el crecimiento del micelio en 88, 57 y 43 %, valores superiores al testigo tratado con dimetilsulfóxido. A. solani, Penicillium sp. y T. harzianum, tuvieron diámetros de inhibición apenas 27 % mayores que el testigo.

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Oke, D. B., O. A. Adeyemi, and M. O. Oke. "Protein quality of autoclaved cowpea varieties as influenced by anti-nutritional factors." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 31, no. 1 (January 7, 2021): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v31i1.1433.

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One hundred and ten (110) weanling male winstar strain rats were used to determine the protein efficiency ration (PER) and net protein ration (NPR) of five cowpea samples. PER ranged from 1.06 in IT 81D-1137 to 1.91 in 1784E-1-108 while values in autoclaved samples ranged from 1.55 in IT81D-1137 to 2.78 in 1784E-1-108. for NPR, raw samples gave values that ranged between 2.44 and 3.57 in 1781D-1137 and 1784E-1-108 respectively. Autoclaved samples gave NPR values that ranged from 2.72 to 4.47 in IT 8ID-1137 and IT84E-1-108 respectively. In the raw and autoclaved cowpea diets, trypsin inhibitor, lectin and tannic acid were negatively correlated with PER and NPR while HCN and phytic acid had positive relationship with these indicators of protein quality. In autoclaved samples cowpea variety IT84E-1-108 had the highest PER and NPR values showing that it would support growth to a reasonable extent.

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Oktavianingtyas, Ervin, Susanto Susanto, Rayendra Wahyu, and Lioni Anka M. "PENGEMBANGAN MODEL PENILAIAN TECHNOLOGICAL PEDAGOGICAL CONTENT KNOWLEDGE BERBASIS POTENSI TAMAN NASIONAL BALURAN PADA MATA KULIAH PENGAJARAN MIKRO UNTUK MENINGKATKAN SELF EFFICACY MAHASISWA." Pancaran Pendidikan 6, no. 1 (May 18, 2017): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.25037/pancaran.v6i1.7.

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Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPCK) adalah merupakan pengetahuan tentang integrasi teknologi ke dalam pembelajaran yang sesuai dengan konten materi ajar. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengembangkan instrumen penilaian Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPCK) untuk mengukur kemampuan TPCK calon guru. Jenis penelitian adalah penelitian pengembangan (Establishment) dengan metode trial and revised ,yaitu a) uji tahap awal pada 5 mahasiswa FKIP Unej, b) uji tahap utama pada 20 mahasiswa FKIP Unej, c) uji tahap operasional pada mahasiswa Unej, UM, dan Unesa yang seluruhnya berjumlah 40 responden, d) penyempurnaan produk. Semua data hasil uji coba dianalisis menggunakan Rasch Model dengan aplikasi winstap, dengan hasil skor reliabilitas sebesar 0,79 mengindikasikan kualitas instrument memiliki reliabilitas cukup, Skor Person Reliability sebesar 0,91 menunjukkan responden memberikan konsistensi respon yang istimewa, dan skor reliabilitas alpha cronbach sebesar 0,92 berarti interaksi antara responden dengan butir soal bagus sekali. Hasil ini mengindikasikan bahwa produk instrumen yang dikembangkan dalam penelitian layak digunakan untuk pengukuran kemampuan TPCK.

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Zhang, Jing, and Richard C. Peralta. "Estimating infiltration increase and runoff reduction due to green infrastructure." Journal of Water and Climate Change 10, no. 2 (September 19, 2018): 237–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2018.354.

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Abstract To aid urban entities desiring to reduce runoff from precipitation while increasing aquifer recharge, we present an approach for simultaneously quantifying runoff and infiltration. Developing the approach involved using: (1) the Windows version of the Source Loading and Management Model (WINSLAMM) to estimate runoff from precipitation in areas with green infrastructure (GI); and (2) the SCS runoff curve method to estimate infiltration. Computed infiltration and runoff values enable the estimation of the runoff reduction and infiltration increase due to alternative GI construction modes. We relate infiltration ratios to land use for a range of event rainfall depths in southwestern USA. These ratios can aid estimation of aquifer recharge while improving storm water management. We apply the approach to a Salt Lake City residential area for current land use and three assumed runoff control practices. Although currently applicable for a wide range of precipitation and urban land use situations in southwestern USA, the approach is extensible to guide urban development elsewhere.

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Salas Olivet, Eva, Jenny Ruiz Cardona, and Jhunior Abrahan Marcía Fuentes. "Hymenocallis caribaea (L); una planta con potencial agroindustrial, medicinal y farmacológico." Revista InGenio 5, no. 1 (January 13, 2022): 56–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.18779/ingenio.v5i1.476.

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Hymenocallis caribaea L., conocida comúnmente como Lirio de San Juan, es una especie de planta geófita perteneciente a la familia de las amarilidáceas, se encuentra distribuida en Centroamérica y en Cuba, además es considerada medicinal. Por lo anterior, esta investigación tuvo como objetivo evaluar la toxicidad aguda dérmica y oral de los extractos acuosos e hidroalcohólicos a partir de las hojas y los bulbos de esta planta, para su potencial aprovechamiento agroindustrial, medicinal y farmacológico. Para su alcance se empleó estudios in vivo a partir de ratas Winstar, empleando dosis límite de 2000 mg/kg. Los resultados indicaron que existió una tendencia al incremento del peso de las ratas durante la experimentación, además no se observó mortalidad, ni cambios en la conducta en los animales, lo que sugiere la ausencia de efectos tóxicos sistémicos. Asimismo, estos resultados demostraron la inocuidad de esta planta cuando se aplica de forma aguda por las vías ensayadas.

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Olafsdottir, Elin Asta, Sigurdur Erlingsson, and Bjarni Bessason. "Tool for analysis of multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW) field data and evaluation of shear wave velocity profiles of soils." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 55, no. 2 (February 2018): 217–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2016-0302.

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Multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW) is a fast, low-cost, and environmentally friendly technique to estimate shear wave velocity profiles of soil sites. This paper introduces a new open-source software, MASWaves, for processing and analysing multichannel surface wave records using the MASW method. The software consists of two main parts: a dispersion analysis tool (MASWaves Dispersion) and an inversion analysis tool (MASWaves Inversion). The performance of the dispersion analysis tool is validated by comparison with results obtained by the Geopsy software package. Verification of the inversion analysis tool is carried out by comparison with results obtained by the software WinSASW and theoretical dispersion curves presented in the literature. Results of MASW field tests conducted at three sites in south Iceland are presented to demonstrate the performance and robustness of the new software. The soils at the three test sites ranged from loose sand to cemented silty sand. In addition, at one site, the results of existing spectral analysis of surface waves (SASW) measurements were compared with the results obtained by MASWaves.

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Schultz, Jørgen M., and Svend Svendsen. "WinSim: A simple simulation program for evaluating the influence of windows on heating demand and risk of overheating." Solar Energy 63, no. 4 (October 1998): 251–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0038-092x(98)00062-0.

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Winsa, Brita, Jonas Rastad, Göran Åkerström, Henry Johansson, Kerstin Westermark, and F. Anders Karlsson. "Retrospective evaluation of subtotal and total thyroidectomy in Graves' disease with and without endocrine ophthalmopathy." European Journal of Endocrinology 132, no. 4 (April 1995): 406–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje.0.1320406.

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Winsa B, Rastad J, Åkerström G, Johansson H, Westermark K, Karlsson FA. Retrospective evaluation of subtotal and total thyroidectomy in Graves' disease with and without endocrine ophthalmopathy. Eur J Endocrinol 1995;132:406–12. ISSN 0804–4643 A retrospective analysis was performed in 173 consecutive patients with Graves' disease (GD) with the principal aim of evaluating the influences of subtotal (N = 157) and total (N = 19) thyroidectomy on postoperative recurrence rates, endocrine ophthalmopathy (EO) and thyrotropin receptor antibody (TSH-R-ab) titres. Postoperatively recurrent disease, identified by increased thyroid hormone levels, occurred in 32 patients (20%) who underwent subtotal resection. These recurrences were associated with over-representation of preoperative EO (p < 0.001) as well as high TSH-R-ab levels post-operatively (p < 0.05–0.01). Subtotal and total resections were followed by an aggravation of preoperative EO in nine (16%) and one (6%), and by a development of EO in two and none of the patients, respectively. Persistently elevated TSH-R-ab titers during thyrostatic therapy became close to normalized in seven (32%) and 15 (88%) of the patients undergoing subtotal or total thyroidectomies, respectively, which illustrates a thyroid tissue dependency of the autoantibody production. Among the total material of 173 patients, altogether 75 cases exhibited persistent or progressive EO and/or TSH-R-ab elevation after more than 1 year of preoperative thyrostatic treatment. In this group, recurrent GD or aggravated EO occurred in 23 (39%) of those operated with subtotal resection and in one (6%) of those undergoing total thyroidectomy (p < 0.05). The results thus indicate that EO, particularly at the time of surgery, and prevailing TSH-R-ab titers are associated with an increased risk of recurrent GD and suggest that patients exhibiting these characteristics should benefit from total rather than subtotal thyroidectomy. Brita Winsa, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, S-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden

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Huang, B. "A Review of: “Winsteam 1.0a Steam Properties for Microsoft Windows Applications” Techware Engineering Applications, Inc. P.O. Box 16 Emerson, NJ 07630." Drying Technology 12, no. 5 (January 1994): 1239–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07373939408960999.

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Zuchi, Jacson, Gilberto Antônio Peripolli Bevilaqua, José Cola Zanuncio, Silmar Teichert Peske, Sérgio Delmar dos Anjos e. Silva, and Carlos Sigueyuki Sediyama. "Características agronômicas de cultivares de mamona em função do local de cultivo e da época de semeadura no Rio Grande do Sul." Ciência Rural 40, no. 3 (March 2010): 501–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-84782010000300001.

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A mamona (Ricinus communis L.) é uma planta oleaginosa anual e, ocasionalmente, bienal em regiões tropicais, com ciclo médio de 150 dias para a maioria das cultivares anuais e de 120 a 130 dias para cultivares anuais precoces. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar características agronômicas de cultivares das mamonas 'Al Guarany 2002', 'IAC 80', 'IAC 226' e 'BRS 188 Paraguaçu'em função do ambiente de cultivo e da época de semeadura. As cultivares foram semeadas entre o primeiro e o quinto dia dos meses de novembro e dezembro, na Embrapa Clima Temperado, em Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul. Cada época teve 12 unidades experimentais em três blocos casualizados. A emergência, a altura de planta e de inserção do primeiro cacho, o período de florescimento e colheita e o ataque de pragas e doenças foram avaliados e analisados com o programa WinStat Versão 2.0. O comportamento entre as cultivares diferiu entre locais de cultivo e época de semeadura. A inserção do cacho foi mais alta, e as florações e colheitas foram mais tardias em plantas da segunda época de semeadura. Danos por pragas e doenças e os descritores morfológicos da planta de mamona apresentaram diferenças entre os locais de cultivo.

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Ulfvarson, Johanna, Lena Oxelmark, and Maria Jirwe. "Assessment in clinical education: A comparison between a generic instrument and a course-specific criterion-based instrument." Nordic Journal of Nursing Research 38, no. 4 (April 26, 2018): 220–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2057158518768404.

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Assessment of students’ clinical performance and reasoning raises critical questions of whether learning outcomes have been reached and whether the aims of a course/education programme have been fulfilled. The aim of this study was to compare two assessment instruments in clinical education. A cross-sectional, comparative design was used. Nursing students and supervisors from five universities and university colleges in Sweden were included in the study. A sample of 435 students was used. Data were collected with study-specific questionnaires targeted for the two groups, nursing students and supervisors, and were analysed using cross-tabulation, chi-square with WinSTAT. Students perceived supervisors using the instrument Assessment of Clinical Education (AClEd) to be more aware of what to assess and they experienced more support from the ‘AClEd supervisors’ as compared to the supervisors using the second instrument, the Assessment form for Clinical education (AssCe). Furthermore, the AClEd assessment was perceived to be fairer compared to the AssCe assessment. The criterion-referenced assessment instrument AClEd was perceived, by both nursing students and supervisors, to give a clearer view of the learning outcome and the possibility of a fair and comprehensive assessment.

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Guerrero, Javier, Taufiqul Alam, Ahmed Mahmoud, Kim D. Jones, and Andrew Ernest. "Decision-Support System for LID Footprint Planning and Urban Runoff Mitigation in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of South Texas." Sustainability 12, no. 8 (April 14, 2020): 3152. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12083152.

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To address regional flooding in the United States, federal and state agencies are adopting strict drainage policies in any large-scale commercial development within the watershed boundary. The conventional approach of implementing a wet detention pond (WP) reduces the land cover and causes operation and maintenance challenges eventually. The present study developed a decision-support system (DSS) in the Lower Rio Grande Valley region of South Texas for optimal selection of Best Management Practices (BMPs) by substituting a portion of the WP footprint with three regionally promising low-impact development practices, namely, porous concrete pavement (PCP), bioretention (BR), and bioswale (BS). Source Load Assessment and Management Model for Windows (WinSLAMM) was used as the foundation for the DSS database and algorithm development. This tool suggested that the implementation of bioswale alone can considerably reduce the footprint and construction cost. Less than 0.95 ha of installation of BR and BS can mitigate 79–91% of runoff from a maximum of 5 ha of commercial development. A combination of BR, BS, and WP was found to reduce runoff significantly (~100%), which suggests that the successful adoption of DSS might support better planning of the urban stormwater management in the Lower Rio Grande Valley (LRGV).

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Octadiani Putri, Latifa, Diah Hermayanti, and Fathiyah S. "PENGARUH PEMBERIAN EKSTRAK BUAH NANAS (Ananas comosus L. Merr) PERORAL TERHADAP PERBAIKAN PROFIL LIPID PADA TIKUS PUTIH (Rattus Norvegicus) JANTAN STRAIN WINSTAR DISLIPIDEMIA." Saintika Medika 9, no. 1 (March 20, 2017): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/sm.v9i1.4122.

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Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Buah Nanas (Ananas comosus L. Merr) Peroral Terhadap Perbaikan Profil Lipid Pada Tikus Putih (Rattus Norvegius) Jantan Strain Winstar Displidemia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh ekstrak nanas (Ananas Comosus L. merr) secara peroral terhadap perbaikan profil lipid pada tikus putih (Rattus norvegicus strain wistar) dislipidemia. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian true eksperiment, dengan rancangan post test control group design.Sampel penelitian dibagi menjadi lima kelompok. Dari hasil uji One way ANOVA, didapatkan pengaruh yang bermakna (nilai sig = 0,000 < p (0,01)) antara kelompok perlakuan. Hasil uji tukey 1% pada kelompok I, II, III, IV, dan V didapatkan notasi yang berbeda dari tiap kelompok yang artinya tiap kelompok mempunyai kadar profil lipid yang berbeda satu sama lain. Hasil uji korelasi didapatkan korelasi yang berbanding terbalik pada KT, TG, LDL, rasio dan LDL/HDL, berarti bahwa kenaikan dosis ekstrak nanas mampu menyebabkan penurunan KT, TG, LDL, dan rasio LDL/HDL dan didapatkan uji korelasi yang berbanding lurus pada HDL, yakni kenaikan dosis ekstrak nanas mampu menyebabkan peningkatan HDL pada tikus. Kesimpulan: Ekstrak nanas dapat memperbaiki profil lipid dan dosis yang paling efektif pada penelitian ini adalah 4 gr/200grBB/hari.Kata Kunci: Ekstrak nanas, Myricetin, Rattus norvegicus strain wistar, perbaikan profil lipid.

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Riera, B., B. Vigario, J. P. Chemla, L. Correia, and F. Gellot. "10 ans de Maquettes Virtuelles pour l'enseignement des automatismes : de WINSIM en 1998 à ITS PLC Professional Edition en 2008." J3eA 8 (2009): 1004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/j3ea:2008045.

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Karau, Paul Bundi, Paul Odula, and Moses Obimbo. "Changes in normal and apoptotic pyramidal neuronal cell densities in prefrontal cortex of the male rat following chronic khat use." Anatomy Journal of Africa 11, no. 1 (August 15, 2022): 2053–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/aja.v11i1.5.

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Long-term Khat consumption is associated with significant neuro-cognitive changes, which have been elucidated in behavioral studies. However, correlation of these neurophysiological changes with experimental structural changes in prefrontal neurons has not been described adequately. Young adult male Winstar rats, aged 2-3 months, weighing 200-300 grams were randomized into four groups of 11 each to correspond with those used as controls, those that received 500mg/kg, 1000mg/kg and 2000mg/kg body weight khat extracts respectively. The control rats were fed on normal diet, while experimental groups were fed on normal diet and khat extracts using oral gavage for 6 weeks. The animals were sacrificed, and their brains removed. Toluidine blue staining was used to elucidate the Nissl substance. Image-Fiji was used to analyse densities of normal and apoptotic pyramidal neuronal densities across the 4 experimental groups. Normal pyramidal neurons were identifiable by their characteristic uniform size and prominent nucleoli, while apoptotic cells displayed prominent eosinophilia and pyknotic nuclei. There was a statistically significant increase in apoptotic pyramidal neurons across the three khat-fed groups compared to controls, and a decrease in normal pyramidal neuronal population from controls with increasing doses of khat. This decrease in normal pyramidal neurons and increase in apoptosis could be a potential surrogate for neurocognitive perturbations associated with chronic khat use.

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Bawadi, N. F., K. C. Teoh, A. F. Mansor, M. M. Nujid, M. A. Rahim, and S. Anudai@Anuar. "Prediction of Soil Settlement using Numerical Modelling Based on Shear Wave Velocity Measurement." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 920, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/920/1/012043.

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Abstract The method of Spectral Analysis of Surface Wave (SASW) is a seismic method that consider as a non-destructive geotechnical technique to determine the soil profile based on the shear wave velocity profile by utilizing the dispersive characteristic of Rayleigh wave through the soil medium. The shear wave velocity was found to be directly proportional to the strength of the soil. In this research, SASW measurement had been proposed to predict the soil settlements using numerical modelling. The frequency responses from SASW were acquired for shear wave profile analysis using WinSASW software. Thus, the borehole information which near to the conventional pile method and SASW were taken as the reference of the study. In obtaining the correlated N-value, equation that developed from previous research was used with the reference of N-SPT value. Hence, the correlated N-values were carried forward to obtaining the bearing capacity of foundation. Meanwhile, the numerical modelling has been developed in PLAXIS software in obtaining the soil settlement. The prediction of soil settlements of Site 1, Site 2 and Site 3 that calculated by conventional equation and modelled using PLAXIS were 0.003mm and 0.001mm, 0.002mm and 0.004mm, 0.003mm and 0.004m respectively. Based on the result obtained, this research has shown the potential used of shear wave velocity in the prediction of soil settlement.

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48

Neubauer, Franziska, Tobias Reil, Konstantin Hofmann, and Marion Merklein. "Increasing the Adhesive Wear Resistance of Hot Stamping Tools by Modifying the Surfaces." Key Engineering Materials 767 (April 2018): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.767.61.

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Over the last few years lightweight construction became increasingly important in modern cars. Motivated by reducing greenhouse gas emission the car industry is currently working on different approaches to decrease the weight of structural body parts. In this regard, a reduced sheet thickness of these components and therefore a reduced overall weight can be achieved by using high-strength steels. Hot stamping has been established as a suitable manufacturing process for these steel grades, in which a hot austenitic blank is formed and quenched simultaneously. The high strength of the formed parts is realized by the phase transformation of an austenitic to a martensitic structure during hot stamping. Due to the alternating thermo-mechanical loads, which occur during forming and quenching, the hot stamping tools are highly stressed. In addition, when the blank slides over the surface of its counterpart, a substantial adhesive wear occurs, which is the predominant wear mechanism in hot stamping. The aim of this study is, to increase the wear resistance of the tools by modifying the surface. In this context, the chemical affinity between the interacting components need to be reduced in order to decrease the adhesive wear on the hot stamping tool, which is possible by alloying the base material. For this reason, the wear development is investigated for samples alloyed with different materials with a modified pin-on-disc test. This experimental setup enables a continuous contact of the tool with the blank and thermal alternating stress of the pin. The contact area is investigated with a laser-scanning microscope to qualify the tool surface before and after the experiments by measuring the tool topographies. The results of an unalloyed and alloyed tool will be compared with each other to evaluate the wear behavior. In order to quantify the amount of wear the wear volume will be calculated with an algorithm of the software WinSam. The experiments will be carried out under process like conditions to ensure transferability to the real hot forming process.

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Yıldırım, N., A. Karatas, M. Cengiz, E. Onalan, GN Yazıcı, M. Sunar, R. Mammadov, A. Coban, and H. Suleyman. "Protective effect of adenosine triphosphate against sunitinib-related skin damage in rats." Human & Experimental Toxicology 39, no. 12 (July 17, 2020): 1737–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0960327120940365.

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Cutaneous side effects associated with sunitinib use are a major problem in patients receiving cancer treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) against possible skin damage resulting from sunitinib use in rats. Thirty Albino Winstar rats were divided into the following three groups: healthy controls (HCs, n = 10), sunitinib (SUN, n = 10), and sunitinib + ATP (SAT, n = 10). ATP was injected intraperitoneally at a dose of 2 mg/kg. One hour subsequent to the administration of ATP and 0.9% NaCl, the SAT and SUN groups were orally administered a dose of 25 mg/kg sunitinib to the stomach. Macroscopic evaluation of the skin indicated lower levels of skin damage in the SAT group than in the SUN group. As an indicator of oxidative stress, malondialdehyde (MDA), total oxidant status (TOS), and oxidative stress index (OSI) levels were significantly higher in the SUN group than in the HC group, while total glutathione (tGSH) and total antioxidant status (TAS) levels were significantly lower. However, MDA, TOS, and OSI levels were significantly lower in the SAT group than in the SUN group, while tGSH and TAS levels were significantly higher. Histopathological examination revealed keratin plugs with edema, vasopathology, and inflammatory cell infiltration in the SUN group. The SAT group showed less necrotic epithelium, keratin plugs, edema, and vasopathology than the SUN group. ATP can be effective in preventing skin damage caused by sunitinib use by reducing oxidative stress.

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Chabuk, Halla Abdul-Hadi, and Zahraa Isam Jameel. "Relationship between the monoamine oxidase gene overactivity and the other pathophysiological and behavioral parameters implicated in memory deficiency in albino Winstar rats as Alzheimer’s disease model." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 13, no. 4 (December 16, 2021): 1274–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v13i4.3024.

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The current study aimed to assess the pathophysiology mechanisms that mediate the effect on albin winstar rats' memory induced by the co -administration of fluoride and aluminum sulfate, as a model of Alzheimer's disease. This was done by assessing monoamine oxidase-A (MAO-A) activity, antioxidant activity, H2O2 and amyloid-β concentration in the hippocampus, embedded deep into the brain's temporal lobe, and level of cytokines in serum. The polymerase chain reaction approach was used to genotyping MAO-A, followed by single -stranded conformational polymorphism (SSCP) coupled with sequencing technique. The experimental animals were divided into two groups: control and treated groups. The uptake of heavy metals led to significantly increased MAO-A activity, amyloid -β deposition, H2O2 and cytokines levels in the treated group. However, the finding showed a significant decrease in antioxidant activity in the treated group. The results indicated that metals caused memory and learning impairments. PCR -SSCP genotyping showed many SNPs and haplotypes of the MAO-A exon 2 region, which showed the MAO-A gene polymorphism changes associated with Alzheimer's disease. The overall results indicated a role of metals to induce oxidative stress stimulating pathophysiological hallmarks in the hippocampus due to an increase in the influx of monoamine oxidase expression, which has been implicated in impaired memory, this study focused on the genetic variation of the exon 2 in monoamine oxidase-A gene and its relationship to Alzheimer's disease with the presence of several single nucleotide polymorphisms that may be related to Alzheimer's disease model in rats.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Winsaam'

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