Journal articles: 'Wing construction'

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Tarnowski, Andrzej. "Morphing wing with skin discontinuity – kinematic concept." Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 89, no. 4 (July 3, 2017): 535–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aeat-11-2016-0208.

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Purpose This paper aims to describe the concept of morphing tailless aircraft with discontinuous skin and its preliminary kinematic solution. Project assumptions, next steps and expected results are briefly presented. Design/methodology/approach Multidisciplinary numerical optimization will be used to determine control allocation for wing segments rotation. Wing demonstrator will be fabricated and tested in wind tunnel. Results will be used in construction of flying model and design of its control system. Flight data of morphing demonstrator and reference aircraft will result in comparative analysis of both technologies. Findings Proposed design combines advantages of wing morphing without complications of wing’s structure elastic deformation. Better performance, stability and maneuverability is expected due to wing’s construction which is entirely composed of unconnected wing segments. Independent control of each segment allows for free modeling of spanwise lift force distribution. Originality/value Nonlinear multipoint distribution of wing twist as the only mechanism for control and flight performance optimization has never been studied or constructed. Planned wind tunnel investigation of such complex aerodynamic structure has not been previously published and will be an original contribution to the development of aviation and in particular to the aerodynamics of wing with discontinuous skin.

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Richter, Charles, and Hod Lipson. "Untethered Hovering Flapping Flight of a 3D-Printed Mechanical Insect." Artificial Life 17, no. 2 (April 2011): 73–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/artl_a_00020.

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This project focuses on developing a flapping-wing hovering insect using 3D-printed wings and mechanical parts. The use of 3D printing technology has greatly expanded the possibilities for wing design, allowing wing shapes to replicate those of real insects or virtually any other shape. It has also reduced the time of a wing design cycle to a matter of minutes. An ornithopter with a mass of 3.89 g has been constructed using the 3D printing technique and has demonstrated an 85-s passively stable untethered hovering flight. This flight exhibits the functional utility of printed materials for flapping-wing experimentation and ornithopter construction and for understanding the mechanical principles underlying insect flight and control.

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Irwin, A. J., and P. M. Render. "The influence of simulated missile warhead fragment damage on the aerodynamic characteristics of two-dimensional wings." Aeronautical Journal 117, no. 1194 (August 2013): 823–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001924000008472.

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AbstractThe paper describes a method of representing damage on a wing due to multiple warhead fragments, and investigates two of the key variables: fragment impact density and hole diameter. The aerodynamic effects of the damage were quantified by wind-tunnel tests on a two-dimensional wing at a Reynolds number of 5 × 105. The wing was of hollow construction with leading and trailing-edge spars. In all of the cases tested, simulated fragment damage resulted in significant lift losses, drag increases and pitching moment changes. Increasing fragment density or hole size resulted in greater effects. To a first order approximation, both lift and drag increments at a given incidence were related to the percentage wing area removed. Surface flow visualisation showed that low fragment densities and small damage sizes resulted in a complex flow structure on the surface of the wing. This was made up of boundary-layer growth between the damage holes, attached wakes from the forward damage holes and separated surface flow over the rear of the wing. For these cases, individual hole patterns showed similar flow mechanisms to those seen for larger scale gunfire damage cases. Increased fragment density and hole size resulted in upper surface flow separation at the first row of holes. Behind this separation, the flow was attached and consisted of the combined wakes from the forward damage holes. Investigations into the influence of internal model structure indicated that trends in coefficient changes were similar for both hollow and solid wings. However, the magnitudes of the effects were found to be smaller for hollow wings than for solid wings.

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Newman, D. J. S., and R. J. Wootton. "An Approach to the Mechanics of Pleating in Dragonfly Wings." Journal of Experimental Biology 125, no. 1 (September 1, 1986): 361–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.125.1.361.

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A structural engineering approach to the pleated wings of Odonata has been developed during a functional study of wing morphology in the group. The wing can be regarded as a folded plate structure within which each pleat-side acts as a deep plate-girder. Small cross-veins act as stiffeners within the girders, allowing the membrane to carry web shearing forces as pure tension, through a stressed-skin effect. Bending experiments confirm that the membrane significantly increases the rigidity of wing components. The properties of the membrane are unknown. It lacks birefringence, is very thin, and may be pure epicuticle. The advantages of stressedskin construction are discussed, and possible modes of structural failure considered. The wing seems adapted to yield reversibly to unpredictable heavy loads.

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Breen, John E., Michael E. Kreger, Christopher D. White, and Gordon C. Clark. "Field evaluation and model test of a composite wing-girder bridge." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 14, no. 6 (December 1, 1987): 753–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l87-113.

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This paper presents the key observations and conclusions from the evaluation of an innovative "loose-fit" composite, post-tensioned concrete wing-girder bridge proposed for an elevated interstate highway expansion in an urban environment. The evaluation program included both testing to destruction of a 1/2-scale model of a partial span as well as construction monitoring and field testing at service load levels of a full-scale prototype two-span bridge. Results of both construction measurements and loading tests were compared with analytical predictions. Laboratory tests showed the composite behavior of the wing-girder joint to be fully effective and a high level of load transfer between wings to be present. Recommendations for modification of the prototype design are made to improve constructibility, durability, structural performance, and economy. Key words: box girder, bridge, post-tensioned, prestressed concrete, reinforcement, stresses, temperature, tendons.

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YOSHIZU, Toshihiro. "DEVELOPMENT OF SCREW STEEL PIPE PILE WITH TOE WING HAVING AN INNER WING." AIJ Journal of Technology and Design 20, no. 45 (2014): 467–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aijt.20.467.

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Жданов, Дмитро, and Дмитро Зінченко. "Aerodynamic design of adaptive airplane wing of hybrid construction." MECHANICS OF GYROSCOPIC SYSTEMS, no. 29 (July 10, 2015): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.20535/0203-377129201560714.

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WIELOCH, GRZEGORZ. "Low noise with wood milling "Airface" constructions." Annals of WULS, Forestry and Wood Technology 106 (January 15, 2019): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.7736.

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Low noise with wood milling"airface" constructions. The noise surrounds us everywhere, constituting a disruptive component of our lives. In the wood industry it is more than in other industries due to the specificity of wood processing carried out by high-speed tools. GUS data say that in 2012 as many as 53% of employees worked in noise. Hence the necessity of constant search for new methods of noise reduction. One of them is the use of a grooved surface patterned on the plumage of owls in the construction of milling heads. Their characteristic construction makes the flight of owls almost silent. this is possible due to the special construction of ailerons, which form the bearing surface of the wing. The "owl's wing" smoothes the air flow with a serrated edge and scatters the noise. This allows for almost silent flight characteristics without adversely affecting aerodynamics. Leuco has used this concept of learning from nature to make the milling tools even more aerodynamic, and to get further noise reduction effects! Leuco has submitted a patent for this aerodynamic head design called "airface".

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Arokiasami, Willson Amalraj, Prahlad Vadakkepat, and Abdullah Al Mamun. "Wingbeat Generation for a 15 DOF Flexible-Wing Aerial Vehicle Using Cosine Wave Functions." Unmanned Systems 05, no. 02 (April 2017): 115–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s230138501750008x.

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Birds and conventional airplanes control their flight in a different manner. Conventional airplanes maneuver themselves by means of moving surfaces, while birds can bend, twist and deform their wings and adapt to unforeseen conditions such as wind gusts. However, if planes can do exactly as the birds do they can gain agility, more lift, less drag while consuming less fuel. This work aims to address this issue. Therefore, approaches of wingbeat generation for a 15 DOF flexible-wing aerial vehicle are developed in this paper. A computationally cost-effective cosine wave function-based algorithm that computes a set of wingbeats enabling the aerial vehicle to follow a desired trajectory in a realistic manner is discussed. The flexible-wing aerial vehicle is modeled similar to a seagull with an articulated skeleton. Motion of the aerial vehicle is simulated by applying joint torques and aerodynamic forces over a period of time in forward dynamics simulation. Wing and tail feather motions generate lift in the aerial vehicle, which makes it possible for the aerial vehicle to trace predefined paths. The solidworks mechanical design is used as input into Matlab SimMechanics for visualization. The results are promising for the construction of bird-like aerial vehicles.

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Horden, R. "The Wing Tower (Der "Wing Tower")." Stahlbau 69, no. 6 (June 2000): 466–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/stab.200001490.

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Ng, Thomas, and Kelvin Wong. "Book Review - The Soft Power of Construction Contracting Organisations." Construction Economics and Building 16, no. 1 (March 8, 2016): 104–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ajceb.v16i1.4879.

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YU, BO, and GUOSI HU. "CONSTRUCTING MULTIWING HYPERCHAOTIC ATTRACTORS." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 20, no. 03 (March 2010): 727–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127410026010.

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Few reports have introduced chaotic attractors with both multiwing topological structure and hyperchaotic dynamics. A simple construction method, for designing chaotic system with multiwing attractors, is presented in this paper. The number of wings in the attractor was doubled on applying this method to an arbitrary smooth chaotic system. Moreover, the hyperchaotic property is preserved in the new system. A new hyperchaotic system with 16-wing attractors is constructed; the result system is not only verified via numerical simulation but also confirmed by a DSP-based experiment.

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Kim, YC, Y. Tamura, A. Yoshida, T. Ito, W. Shan, and Q. Yang. "Experimental investigation of aerodynamic vibrations of solar wing system." Advances in Structural Engineering 21, no. 15 (May 7, 2018): 2217–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1369433218770799.

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The general characteristics of aerodynamic vibrations of a solar wing system were investigated through wind tunnel tests using an aeroelastic model under four oncoming flows. In total, 12 solar panels were suspended by cables and orientated horizontally. Distances between panels were set constant. Tests showed that the fluctuating displacement increases proportionally to the square of the mean wind speed for all wind directions in boundary-layer flows. Larger fluctuating displacements were found for boundary-layer flows with larger power-law indices. Under low-turbulence flow, the fluctuating displacement increased proportionally to the square of the mean wind speed for wind directions between 0° and 30°, but an instability vibration was observed at high mean wind speed for wind directions larger than 40°. And when the wind direction was larger than 60°, a limited vibration was observed at low mean wind speed and the instability vibration was also observed at high mean wind speed. Fluctuating displacements under grid-generated flow showed a similar trend to that of the boundary-layer flows, although the values became much smaller.

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Cetinsoy, E., S. Dikyar, C. Hancer, K. T. Oner, E. Sirimoglu, M. Unel, and M. F. Aksit. "Design and construction of a novel quad tilt-wing UAV." Mechatronics 22, no. 6 (September 2012): 723–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mechatronics.2012.03.003.

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Communier, David, Franck Le Besnerais, Ruxandra Mihaela Botez, and Tony Wong. "Design, Manufacturing, and Testing of a New Concept for a Morphing Leading Edge using a Subsonic Blow Down Wind Tunnel." Biomimetics 4, no. 4 (December 2, 2019): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics4040076.

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This paper presents the design and wind tunnel test results of a wing including a morphing leading edge for a medium unmanned aerial vehicle with a maximum wingspan of 5 m. The design of the morphing leading edge system is part of research on the design of a morphing camber system. The concept presented here has the advantage of being simple to manufacture (wooden construction) and light for the structure of the wing (compliance mechanism). The morphing leading edge prototype demonstrates the possibility of modifying the stall angle of the wing. In addition, the modification of the stall angle is performed without affecting the slope of the lift coefficient. This prototype is designed to validate the functionality of the deformation method applied to the leading edge of the wing. The mechanism can be further optimized in terms of shape and material to obtain a greater deformation of the leading edge, and, thus, to have a higher impact on the increase of the stall angle than the first prototype of the morphing leading edge presented in this paper.

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He, Jun, Xiao Ping Wu, and Zai Chun Yan. "Anti-Wind Safety of Guangzhou New TV Tower During Construction." Applied Mechanics and Materials 94-96 (September 2011): 1912–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.94-96.1912.

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The Guangzhou New TV Tower with a total height of 610 m is the tallest tower in the word. It comprises a 454 m high main tower and a 156 m high antenna mast. The main tower is a tube-in-tube structure consisting of a steel lattice outer structure and a reinforced concrete inner structure. The antenna mast is a steel structure founded on the tope of the main tower. To ensure the safety during construction of this challenging structure, the failure probability estimates under wind load during construction has been performed. The estimates consists of three steps. First, the cumulative distribution functions (CDFs) of static wing loads per year at Guangzhou site are given out. Secondly, the CDFs of horizontal displacement responses during construction of the Guangzhou New TV Tower to static wind loads are derived based on static analyses of a reduced finite element (FE) model of the structure. Finally, anti-wind safeties during construction of the structure are estimated based on the structural reliability method. The study not only provides useful data concerning the structural safety of the Guangzhou New TV Tower during construction but also is of considerable referential importance in estimating the safety of an in-construction supertall structure.

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Jóźwiak, Sławomir, and Janusz Trupinda. "Czas powstania krzyżackiego komturstwa w Pokarminie (Brandenburg) a kwestia chronologii wznoszenia tamtejszego zamku." Studia z Dziejów Średniowiecza, no. 23 (December 17, 2019): 100–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.26881/sds.2019.23.04.

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The analyses performed in the paper indicate that the construction works on the brick Teutonic Commandery Castle in Pokarmin (Brandenburg) started in the 1280s (perhaps around 1283). This coincided with the decision to make it the headquarters of the order and the seat of the commander, which took place at the end of 1283 or at the beginning of 1294. The castle was more or less finished (the main wing and the curtain wall surrounding the whole site?) in 1290. At the beginning of the 14th century (before 1306) it had two or three wings and was built on a rectangular plane. By no means was the castle in Pokarmin the first or model regular castle in the State of the Teutonic Order in Prussia, which was a common assumption among scholars up until now. This issue is still being researched, but more and more information points to Papowo in the Chełmno land as the first regular (square), four‑wing commandery castle in Prussia. We are still not certain, however, if by the end of the 13th century its construction had been completed.

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Goszczyński, Jacek A., Maciej Lasek, Józef Pietrucha, and Krzysztof Sibilski. "ANIMALOPTERS-TOWARDS A NEW DIMENSION OF FLIGHT MECHANICS." TRANSPORT 17, no. 3 (June 30, 2002): 108–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16483840.2002.10414023.

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Recently, it has been recognised that flapping wing propulsion can be more efficient than conventional propellers if applied to very small-scale vehicles, so-called MAVs (micro air vehicles). Extraordinary possibilities of such objects, particularly in the context of special missions, are discussed. Flapping flight is more complicated than flight with fixed or rotating wings. Therefore, there is a need to understand the mechanisms of force generation by flapping wings in a more comprehensive way. The paper describes the current work on flapping wing conducted by the Flying amp;Swimming Puzzle Group. The key to understand the mechanisms of flapping flight is the adequate physical and mathematical modelling; modelling problems of flow and motion are emphasised. Sample calculations illustrating current capabilities of the method have been performed. The effect of feathering amplitude, flapping amplitude, and phase shifting on the MAV&s control effectiveness has been examined. It has been discovered that the parameters mentioned above can be considered as control parameters of “flapping wing” MAVs, especially in lateral direction. Research programmes for the construction of MAYs concentrate on understanding the mechanisms of animal flight and on creating smart structures which would enable flight in micro-scale.

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Csikós, Sándor, Tamás Molnár, Péter Szuchy, László Gogolák, István Bíró, and József Sárosi. "Vibrational tests and analysis on materials used in aircraft." Analecta Technica Szegedinensia 12, no. 2 (December 5, 2018): 32–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/analecta.2018.2.32-36.

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The current cargo capacity for aircraft is about 20% of their total weight, increasing this ratio would significantly increase the economics of aircraft logistics. This is why it’s important for material sciences to advance so that the materials used in aircraft construction become lighter while still retaining their structural integrity. In this paper we examined materials used in aircraft construction (steel, aluminum, plastics and composites) at the University of Szeged Faculty of Engineering. Using vibrational analysis we analyzed the test pieces for their natural frequency, we did this to gain insight to the range of frequencies that are least attenuated by the material the aircraft wings are made from. Using the data we gathered we wish to draw conclusions to which materials are more suited for aircraft wing construction.

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Жиряков, Дмитрий Юрьевич. "АНАЛІЗ КОНСТРУКТИВНИХ ОСОБЛИВОСТЕЙ З'ЄДНАНЬ СИЛОВИХ ЕЛЕМЕНТІВ КРИЛА ЛІТАКІВ ТРАНСПОРТНОЇ КАТЕГОРІЇ." Open Information and Computer Integrated Technologies, no. 86 (February 14, 2020): 139–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.32620/oikit.2019.86.10.

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Ensuring the fatigue life of the aircraft structure is a requirement for flight safety, and for a cost-effective aircraft. A plane with a long lifetime can perform more flights, reduce routine maintenance costs and increase airline profits. Market trends in the aviation industry show the interest of airlines in long life aircraft. Structural elements of the wing are joined by fasteners. The wing structure fatigue is determined by the endurance of regular zones. Regular zones include longitudinal, transverse joints. The fatigue life of the wing irregular zones should be no less than the fatigue life of the regular zone. The article provides an analysis of the design features of the wing structural element joints performing short and medium flights, ANTONOV and Boeing, which have reached a high level in this field of research. Structural schemes of the wings, location and execution of the joints of the wing structural parts using facilities that improve take-off and landing characteristics (such as ailerons, flaps, slats and spoilers) are analyzed. The types, diameters and materials of fasteners that vary within the wing limits are considered. Attention was focused on such important indicators as the edge tolerance, distance between the fasteners (spacing), wing and fastener construction materials. The wing is made of a prefabricated structure, to ensure safety requirements for permissible destruction. In turn, this leads to an increase in the amount of fasteners. Since fatigue life is affected not only by the kinds of materials, parameters of fasteners, rated stresses, but also the degree of load transferring between parts. The constructive execution of the longitudinal and transverse connections of the load-bearing elements was analyzed to further study the degree of load transfer in a difficult - stressed state. The materials of the article provide an opportunity for further in-depth research on the general and local stress-strain state of the wing.

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de Almeida, Thais Campos, Osmar De Sousa Santos, and Jorge Otubo. "Construction of a Morphing Wing Rib Actuated by a NiTi Wire." Journal of Aerospace Technology and Management 7, no. 4 (December 2, 2015): 454–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5028/jatm.v7i4.532.

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Moosavi, M. R., A. R. Naddaf Oskouei, and A. Khelil. "Flutter of subsonic wing." Thin-Walled Structures 43, no. 4 (April 2005): 617–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2004.10.001.

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Stenfelt, G., and U. Ringertz. "Design and construction of aeroelastic wind tunnel models." Aeronautical Journal 119, no. 1222 (December 2015): 1585–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001924000011416.

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AbstractThe design and building of accurately scaled aeroelastic wind-tunnel models is difficult, time consuming and very costly. With the increasing usefulness of computational methods for predicting aeroelastic phenomena, few complex models have been built in recent years. New fighter aircraft projects are also becoming more and more scarce, and transport aircraft have essentially the same configuration since half a decade. This also significantly reduces the need for aeroelastic wind-tunnel models. However, there still is an interest in the results from aeroelastic testing. In some cases new and radical configurations may warrant wind-tunnel testing and in other cases complex phenomena arising in fight testing may need carefully performed experiments to resolve problems. However, there is definitely a trend towards building models and performing testing in the support of the development of computational methods.The developments in computer technology do not only improve the computational methods for aeroelasticity. Modern Computer Aided Design and Manufacturing techniques can significantly improve the quality and efficiency of the design and build process for aeroelastic models. There have also been some recent improvements in measurement techniques which have proven very useful for testing of aeroelastic wind-tunnel models. The paper will present some new design and build techniques developed for the manufacturing of a large scale wind-tunnel model of a canard delta wing fighter aircraft configuration. In the build process fiber-reinforced composites will be used, hence, challenges and possible solutions concerning the ability to produce a model with well defined material properties and fiber angles will be discussed. Further challenges arise when both measurement equipment and adjustable control surfaces should be attached inside the model using techniques that are possible to describe with computational methods. In addition, equipment, such as pressure taps, and control surface mechanics need to fit and function in a flexible structure. As a result, the above requirements will lead to necessary compromises in the design, hence, the paper will present the choices taken during the build process and for which reasons. The use of an optical positioning measurement system will also be discussed for both the validation of model properties and non-contact measurement of model deformations during wind-tunnel testing.

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Tomlinson, R. A. "The Sequence of Construction of Mnesikles' Propylaia." Annual of the British School at Athens 85 (November 1990): 405–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068245400015756.

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The sequence of construction of the Propylaia to the Acropolis of Athens is reassessed in the light of Pontus Hellstrom's suggestion that the two unbuilt east halls, and the original plan for the S.W. hall were intended to be dining halls like the Pinakotheke. It is argued that the objections of the various priests are unlikely to account for changes in plan; that the east halls were abandoned before work started on the S.W. wing; and that the cause of the change was financial, the need to economize in the face of the growing certainty of war with Sparta.

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MIZUNO, Akisato, and Takenori SUGIYAMA. "J0503-4-1 Construction of the field examination system of the Straight Wing Vertical Axis Wind Turbine." Proceedings of the JSME annual meeting 2009.7 (2009): 105–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecjo.2009.7.0_105.

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Shelley, Becky. "The Cultural Construction of Politics in Asia. Hans Antlöv , Tak-Wing Ngo." China Journal 45 (January 2001): 186–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3182392.

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Zakrisson, Ingrid. "Construction of a short version of the Right-Wing Authoritarianism (RWA) scale." Personality and Individual Differences 39, no. 5 (October 2005): 863–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2005.02.026.

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Park, Joon-Kyu, and Min-Gyu Kim. "Applicability Verification of Rotary Wing UAV for Rapid Construction of Geospatial Information." Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology 6, no. 4 (April 30, 2016): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/ajmahs.2016.04.45.

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Lamp, Benjamin, Angelika Url, Kerstin Seitz, Jürgen Eichhorn, Christiane Riedel, Leonie Janina Sinn, Stanislav Indik, Hemma Köglberger, and Till Rümenapf. "Construction and Rescue of a Molecular Clone of Deformed Wing Virus (DWV)." PLOS ONE 11, no. 11 (November 9, 2016): e0164639. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0164639.

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Dinh, Bao Anh, Hieu Khanh Ngo, and Van Nhu Nguyen. "An efficient low-speed airfoil design optimization process using multi-fidelity analysis for UAV flying wing." Science and Technology Development Journal 19, no. 3 (September 30, 2016): 43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v19i3.519.

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This paper proposes an efficient low-speed airfoil selection and design optimization process using multi-fidelity analysis for a long endurance Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) flying wing. The developed process includes the low speed airfoil database construction, airfoil selection and design optimization steps based on the given design requirements. The multi-fidelity analysis solvers including the panel method and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) are presented to analyze the low speed airfoil aerodynamic characteristics accurately and perform inverse airfoil design optimization effectively without any noticeable turnaround time in the early aircraft design stage. The unconventional flying wing UAV design shows poor reaction in longitudinal stability. However, It has low parasite drag, long endurance, and better performance. The multi-fidelity analysis solvers are validated for the E387 and CAL2463m airfoil compared to the wind tunnel test data. Then, 29 low speed airfoils for flying wing UAV are constructed by using the multi-fidelity solvers. The weighting score method is used to select the appropriate airfoil for the given design requirements. The selected airfoil is used as a baseline for the inverse airfoil design optimization step to refine and obtain the optimal airfoil configuration. The implementation of proposed method is applied for the real flying-wing UAV airfoil design case to demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method.

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SALISTEAN, Adrian, Carmen MIHAI, Irina CRISTIAN, Daniela FARIMA, and Cristina PIROI. "FABRIC FOR SINGLE SKIN TEXTILE WING." TEXTEH Proceedings 2019 (November 5, 2019): 220–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.35530/tt.2019.09.

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The fabrics used to make parachutes and paragliders must have the several specific characteristics: the mass of fabric per unit of surface must be low while the other physical- mechanical characteristics (the axial breaking strength load, the relative and absolute elongation, the tear resistance of the fabric and the assemblies, air permeability) must be at a maximum. The paper deals with the analysis of qualitative aspects of several parachute fabrics that are used as a baseline in the development of a novel fabric. The results of experiments have materialized in statistical data, diagrams and graphs and their interpretation leads to the determination of the fabric variant that best meets the requirements of the destination. The destination is a patent pending inflatable wing design that utilizes a single skin construction and solid reinforcements in the sewing for shape stability. It is worth noting that the experimental results were compared with values indicated in specific international testing norms.

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Doig, G., T. J. Barber, A. J. Neely, and D. D. Myre. "Aerodynamics of an aerofoil in transonic ground effect: Methods for blowdown windtunnel scale testing." Aeronautical Journal 116, no. 1180 (June 2012): 599–620. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001924000007090.

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Abstract Experimental aerodynamic testing of objects in close ground proximity at high subsonic Mach numbers is difficult due to the construction of a transonic moving ground being largely unfeasible. Two simple, passive methods have been evaluated for their suitability for such testing in a small blowdown wind tunnel: an elevated ground plane, and a symmetry (or mirror-image) approach. The methods were examined using an unswept wing of RAE2822 section, with experiments and Reynolds-Averaged Navier Stokes CFD used synergistically to determine the relative merits of the techniques. The symmetry method was found to be a superior approximation of a moving ground in all cases, with mild discrepancies observed only at the lowest ground clearance. The elevated ground plane was generally found to influence the oncoming flow and distort the flowfield between the wing and ground, such that the method provided a less-satisfactory match to moving ground simulations compared to the symmetry technique.

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Wasik, Bogusz. "The castle in Świecie: The topography and building techniques of the Teutonic Order’s castle." Masuro-⁠Warmian Bulletin 300, no. 2 (July 4, 2018): 211–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.51974/kmw-134886.

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The construction of the castle in Świecie began around 1335. It was located on the fork of the Vistula and Wda rivers. The Vistula initially passed directly under the southern walls of the castle, while the Wda was sepa�rated from it. The outer ward protected the wide moat from the west. The next moat surrounded the upper castle on three sides. The outer ward had a plan similar to that of a rectangle. To the west there was a gate with a tower and a cowshed, from the south – the house of the commander and stables, and from the north perhaps also the armoury and infirmary. Surrounded by the parcham, the convent house was built on a square plan with a cylin�drical “bergfried” (tower) in the north-west corner and three lower cylindrical towers in the other. It had two fully raised wings – in the north it housed, amongst others, a chapel and refectory, and in the eastern wing a brewery, bakery and dormitory. From the south and west there were single storey buildings present in the Middle Ages, housing a kitchen (in the south) associated rooms and a basement (in the western wing). Based on the analysis of architecture and the results of archaeological research it is possible to reconstruct the stages and techniques of construction. After setting the proportions of the building by the “ad quadratum” method, a perimeter curtain wall was first built. Subsequently, the internal buildings were successively constructed from the main (northern) wing. The area of the courtyard and the parcham were raised by 2–3 metres. Subsequently, the upper floors of the “Bergfried”, the parcham wall, and, finally, the outer ward were erected.

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Safaee, Ahmad, Seyed Zeinolabedin Moussavi, and Mohammad Bagher Menhaj. "Design and Construction of Monocopter and its Nonlinear Control Using Photo Diode Array." U.Porto Journal of Engineering 4, no. 2 (October 31, 2018): 34–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.24840/2183-6493_004.002_0003.

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Monocopter is a single-wing rotary flight system which has the capability of hovering. This flyer includes two dynamic parts in which more efficiency can be expected rather than other Micro UAVs due to the extended area of wing compared to its frame. Low capital cost and simple mechanism rather than other systems such as helicopter are the most important specifications of this flight system. In this paper, a model of monocopter flight system has been designed and implemented. Then, a new method of monocopter control and the related hardware has been designed and constructed using photo diode array in order to define position angle of flight system. Designers and constructors have to build a digital compass with the related advantages and disadvantages for this purpose. In the next stage, the optimized flight sample was redesigned and reconstructed and the dynamic parameters of flying were set due to existed hardware restrictions. Then, different experimental tests have been carried out after hardware installation of the control system. So, the controllable flying has been implemented using this control system.

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Czyba, Roman, Marcin Lemanowicz, Zbigniew Gorol, and Tomasz Kudala. "Construction Prototyping, Flight Dynamics Modeling, and Aerodynamic Analysis of Hybrid VTOL Unmanned Aircraft." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2018 (October 1, 2018): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/7040531.

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A challenging issue associated with fixed-wing Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) is that these vehicles are often not appropriate for operating effectively in limited airspace. This problem emerges especially in urban environment where the usage of a runway is not possible, and UAVs usually have to fly at a relatively low speed and altitude. The development of a vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) fixed-wing plane is a promising trend which hopefully will solve this issue. This paper presents the design process of an unmanned vertical take-off and landing aircraft including prototyping of the airframe construction and mathematical modeling as well as computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. The designed system is to be a hybrid platform, for which different operating modes correspond to the vertical flight, transition, and spatial flight in the airframe system. The paper discusses an iterative design process of the platform with emphasis on CAD design and aerodynamic analysis for particular flight modes. The operating prototype is presented and future plans for platform improvement are discussed.

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Bai, Yuguang, Youwei Zhang, Tingting Liu, David Kennedy, and Fred Williams. "Numerical predictions of wind-induced buffeting vibration for structures by a developed pseudo-excitation method." Journal of Low Frequency Noise, Vibration and Active Control 38, no. 2 (February 14, 2019): 510–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461348419828248.

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A numerical analysis method for wind-induced response of structures is presented which is based on the pseudo-excitation method to significantly reduce the computational complexity while preserving accuracy. Original pseudo-excitation method was developed suitable for adoption by combining an effective computational fluid dynamic method which can be used to replace wind tunnel tests when finding important aerodynamic parameters. Two problems investigated are gust responses of a composite wing and buffeting vibration responses of the Tsing Ma Bridge. Atmospheric turbulence effects are modeled by either k–ω shear stress transport or detached eddy simulation. The power spectral responses and variances of the wing are computed by employing the Dryden atmospheric turbulence spectrum and the computed values of the local stress standard deviation of the Tsing Ma Bridge are compared with experimental values. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method can provide highly efficient numerical analysis of two kinds of wind-induced responses of structures and hence has significant benefits for wind-induced vibration engineering.

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Shirokov, I. A. "Construction of Tetrahedral Mesh for Modeling of the Flow around a Triangular Wing." Physical-Chemical Kinetics in Gas Dynamics 21, no. 1 (2020): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.33257/phchgd.21.1.883.

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Saggu, J. S., and J. P. Fielding. "An integrated CADCAM method for the design and construction of aircraft wing components." Computers in Industry 12, no. 2 (May 1989): 123–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0166-3615(89)90054-7.

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Alizadeh, A., Z. Ebrahimi, A. Mazidi, and S. Ahmad Fazelzadeh. "Experimental Nonlinear Flutter Analysis of a Cantilever Wing/Store." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 20, no. 07 (July 2020): 2050082. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455420500820.

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This paper studies experimentally the nonlinear aeroelastic and flutter behavior of a cantilever plate wing with an external store. The wing model that is constructed from plexiglass sheet is designed and tested in a closed-circuit subsonic wind tunnel. To deal with the structural nonlinearities of the model, various analysis tools such as time history plots, phase-plane projections and Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) have been used for detecting the critical and post-critical behaviors of the structure. The results show that flutter takes place by the coupling between the torsional and bending modes. A good correlation between the present experiments and previous numerical results is obtained. The nonlinear aeroelastic response and flutter boundary are investigated for different sweep angles. The flutter velocity and amplitudes of limit cycle oscillations (LCOs) increase rapidly with increasing sweep angle. The nonlinear response of the wing with an external store is also investigated, with the effect of store location on the nonlinear flutter boundary evaluated.

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Gnapowski, Ernest. "Selected structural elements of the wing to increase the lift force." AUTOBUSY – Technika, Eksploatacja, Systemy Transportowe 19, no. 12 (December 31, 2018): 764–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/atest.2018.494.

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The article presents a currently used structural elements to increase the lift force. Presented mechanical and no-mechanical construction elements that increase the lifting force. The author's attention to the new direction of flow control using a DBD plasma actuator. This is a new direction of active flow control.

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SĂLIȘTEAN, ADRIAN, and CARMEN MIHAI. "Textile wing fabric for emergency response UAS." Industria Textila 71, no. 04 (August 31, 2020): 321–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.35530/it.071.04.1762.

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The fabrics used to manufacture parachutes and paragliders must have several specific characteristics: the mass of fabric per unit of surface must be low while the other physical-mechanical characteristics (the axial breaking strength load, the relative and absolute elongation, the tear resistance of the fabric and the assemblies, air permeability) must have high values. The paper deals with the analysis of qualitative aspects of several parachute fabrics that are used as a baseline in the development of a novel fabric. The results of experiments have materialized in statistical data, diagrams and graphs and their interpretation leads to the determination of the fabric variant that best meets the requirements of the destination. The destination is a patent pending inflatable wing design that utilizes a single skin construction and solid reinforcements in the sewing for shape stability. It is worth noting that the experimental results were compared with values indicated in specific international testing norms.

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Liu, Ying Li, and Chun Miao Li. "Design and Bearing Capacity Study of Multi-Wing Branch Pile." Advanced Materials Research 243-249 (May 2011): 1311–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.243-249.1311.

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This paper describes the characteristics and construction processes of Multi-winged branches pile, it also introduces the basic principles and considerations should be followed in the design process by analyzing the mechanical properties of Multi-winged branches pile, and summarizes the calculation formula of bearing capacity for the single pile. This formula is suitable for Multi-winged branches pile and it can provide the reference for scientific research and engineering practice.

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Stopfner, Maria. "De-Konstruktion von Glaubwürdigkeit in Online-Debatten." Studia Linguistica 35 (March 29, 2017): 67–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0137-1169.35.4.

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The de-construction of credibility in online-debatesSharing the notion of credibility as a dynamic construct within interaction, the paper traces the argumentative manoeuvers by which left- and right-wing users try to de-construct credibility within online-debates. Based on the concept of “Community of Practice”, the qualitative analysis combines cognitive as well as conversation analytic approaches to identity construction with typical far and extreme right argumentation schemes specified by critical discourse analysis.

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Ajaj, Rafic M., Farag K. Omar, Tariq T. Darabseh, and Jonathan Cooper. "Flutter of Telescopic Span Morphing Wings." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 19, no. 06 (June 2019): 1950061. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455419500615.

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This paper studies the aeroelastic behavior of telescopic, multi-segment, span morphing wings. The wing is modeled as a linear, multi-segment, stepped, cantilever Euler–Bernoulli beam. It consists of three segments along the axis and each segment has different geometric, mechanical, and inertial properties. The aeroelastic analysis takes into account spanwise out-of-plane bending and torsion only, for which the corresponding shape functions are derived and validated. The use of shape functions allows representing the wing as an equivalent aerofoil whose generalized coordinates are defined at the wingtip according to the Rayleigh–Ritz method. Theodorsen’s unsteady aerodynamic theory is used to estimate the aerodynamic loads. A representative Padé approximation for the Theodorsen’s transfer function is utilized to model the aerodynamic behaviors in state-space form allowing time-domain simulation and analysis. The effect of the segments’ mechanical, geometric, and inertial properties on the aeroelastic behavior of the wing is assessed. Finally, the viability of span morphing as a flutter suppression device is studied.

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Dvorak, Milan, Miroslav Kabrt, and Milan Růžička. "The Use of Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors during the Static Load Test of a Composite Wing Structure." Applied Mechanics and Materials 486 (December 2013): 102–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.486.102.

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The article describes process of implementation of optical Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors into the composite wing structure and their behavior during the strength test. The wing is of all-composite construction. The upper and lower skins are made of glass/epoxy composite. The spar caps are made of carbon/epoxy unidirectional composite. Optical fibers were integrated directly into the spar caps and into the adhesive joints. They were oriented in parallel with the main spar axis. The first optical fiber with chain of multiple FBG sensors was integrated into the structure of upper spar cap. Another FBG chain of FBG sensors was located in the adhesive joint of lower spar cap and shear web. The wing was instrumented with strain gages as well. Strain gages were glued to the sides of the spar caps. Static load was produced by a hydraulic actuator. Experimental results from strain gages and FBG sensors were compared with the results of the analytical analysis of the wing.

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Alnasseri, Sabah. "Zur Krisensituation der arabischen Gesellschaften." PROKLA. Zeitschrift für kritische Sozialwissenschaft 31, no. 125 (December 1, 2001): 557–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.32387/prokla.v31i125.723.

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If anything brings the construction Bin-Laden discoursivly to the fore it is a specific conflict situation with the participation of the USA in the arabic space: a conflict situation between the dominant political regimes, the opposing conservativ-liberal blocks, and an extremist wing. The conflict could be characterized as between two political strategies about the restructuring of this economic as well as geostrategic important space. The construction Bin-Laden is the name of this violence game.

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Nas, Burhan, and Deniz Altun Çolak. "Genotoxic analysis of nickel–iron oxide in Drosophila." Toxicology and Industrial Health 36, no. 11 (September 2, 2020): 835–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0748233720947575.

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It is known that nickel–iron oxide nanocomposite (NiFe2O4NP) is used in many important areas such as modern industry, biomedical applications, magnetic resonance imaging, construction of sensors, targeted drug treatment, and photoelectric devices in our life. In this study, we have carried out a genotoxic evaluation of NiFe2O4NP (30 nm) in Drosophila melanogaster by using the wing somatic mutation and recombination assay. For this purpose, third instar larvae carrying the recessive genes ( flr3) and multiple wing hairs ( mwh) in their third chromosomes were used. The larvae were fed at concentrations ranging from 25 µg/mL to 200 µg/mL. The genotoxic effects of NiFe2O4NPs were evaluated according to mutant trichomes resulting from genetic changes (mitotic recombination, deletion, point mutation, nondisjunction) on development of the wing imaginal discs. Mutant clone evaluations were performed based on small single spots, large single spots, and twin spots classifications. The results showed that significant increases were observed in the frequency of all spots, indicating that the highest concentration of nanoparticles was able to induce genotoxic activity in the wing spot assay of D. melanogaster.

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Goldstein, Ariel Alejandro. "The New Far-Right in Brazil and the Construction of a Right-Wing Order." Latin American Perspectives 46, no. 4 (April 30, 2019): 245–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0094582x19846900.

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Kaya, Ayhan, and Ayşe Tecmen. "Europe versus Islam?: Right-Wing Populist Discourse and the Construction of a Civilizational Identity." Review of Faith & International Affairs 17, no. 1 (January 2, 2019): 49–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15570274.2019.1570759.

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András, Kovács. "Bethlen Gábor fejedelem újonnan előkerült címerköve Fogarasban." Művészettörténeti Értesítő 69, no. 1 (December 23, 2020): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/080.2020.00001.

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The on-going restoration works of the Făgăraș castle have revealed a carved stone measuring approximately 70×100 cm, which bears the fragment of the coat of arms of Gabriel Bethlen, prince of Transylvania between 1613 and 1629. By comparison with the stamps used by the prince one can date the heraldic composition quite accurately between 1618 and 1619. In the afore-mentioned period, written sources attest certain construction works for the enlargement of the residence within the fortress, in the area of the Red-tower. Late renaissance window frames, adorned with ornamental gables were fitted at the second floor of the western wing, erected by Gabriel Bethlen as well as at the same level of the southern wing, towards the loggia built by Balthasar Báthory (1561– 1594). The afore-mentioned, late medieval cylindrical tower had been heightened towards the end of the 16th century with octagonal storeys topped by an open platform with crenellated parapet. Under prince Gabriel Bethlen the platform was closed and transformed into a summer chamber for the prince. A stonemason from Cluj, Stephan Diószegi carved these frames, as well as the triple window frames of the Red-tower, in Cluj. He must have carved the recently found coat of arms as well, which was set aside presumably around 1639-1640, during the construction of the chapel at the first floor of the western wing.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Wing construction'

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