Journal articles: 'Winery system'

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Saraiva, A., G. Rodrigues, H. Mamede, J. Silvestre, I. Dias, M. Feliciano, P. Oliveira e Silva, and M. Oliveira. "The impact of the winery's wastewater treatment system on the winery water footprint." Water Science and Technology 80, no. 10 (November 15, 2019): 1823–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2019.432.

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Abstract In the Mediterranean region, water scarcity has already prompted concern in the wine sector due to the strong impact it has on vineyard productivity and wine quality. Water footprint is an indicator that takes account of all the water involved in the creation of a product and may help producers to identify hotspots, and reduce water consumption and the corresponding production costs. In recent years several studies have been reported on wine water footprint determination, but mostly focused on the viticulture phase or assuming no grey water footprint at the winery since it has a treatment system. In the framework of the WineWaterFootprint project a medium-size winery was monitored, with direct measurements, regarding determination of the blue and grey components of water footprint. The determined winery water footprint ranged from 9.6 to 12.7 L of water per wine bottle of 0.75 L, the wastewater produced being responsible for about 98%, which means that the grey component cannot be disregarded. The developed scenarios show that a potential reduction of 87% in winery water footprint can be obtained with almost no investment. The challenge of reducing the grey footprint is not in technology development, but rather in the proper maintenance and monitoring of treatment systems.

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Koráb, Vojtěch. "Key factors influencing family businesses: a qualitative study of selected world wineries." SHS Web of Conferences 115 (2021): 02003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202111502003.

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This research study is based on the elaboration of nineteen case studies of family wineries from all over the world and one case study from the Czech Republic. All family wineries were visited by the author and semi-structured interviews were conducted with selected representatives of family wineries. The aim of the research was to look at the family winery through the lens of two systems: the family system and the business system, in order to find out the involvement of family members in a winery and the most important factors affecting a winery. Websites of family wineries were examined through contextual analysis. Based on the analysis of all case studies, four key groups of family wineries in the world were compiled. The research study identifies key family factors, i.e. familiness and the generation of the family which owns a winery. On the business side, the study identifies two key factors important for the sustainability of a family winery, namely corporate innovation and the degree of internationalization. The results of the analysis of world family wineries were compared with one winery selected from the Czech Republic.

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Litaor, M. I., N. Meir-Dinar, B. Castro, H. Azaizeh, G. Rytwo, N. Levi, M. Levi, and U. MarChaim. "Treatment of winery wastewater with aerated cells mobile system." Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring & Management 4 (November 2015): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enmm.2015.03.001.

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Jourjon, F., S. Khaldi, M. Reveillere, C. Thibault, A. Poulard, P. Chretien, and J. Bednar. "Microbiological characterization of winery effluents: an inventory of the sites for different treatment systems." Water Science and Technology 51, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2005.0003.

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In a more and more regulated and socially pressured environment, the durable management of winery effluents must take into account their characteristics and their potential impact on their natural setting. The object of this exploratory study is to establish an inventory of the microbiological composition of winery effluents coming from different treatment systems. We have observed that winery effluents are charged with micro-organisms, by a factor that ranges from 105 to 108 UFC/ml, and that the level of "microbiological pollution" is independent of the type of system. The composition of the flora is closely tied to the time of year and therefore to winery activities, so certain micro-organisms will be favoured in certain periods and others will have a tendency to decrease. We have seen that from one year to another our observations remain identical; the flora equilibrium therefore occurs systematically and naturally. Faecal germs are found in very small quantities in winery effluent treatment systems. They represent minor sanitary risks. Good correlations were observed between some micro-organisms and some physical-chemical parameters (COD). It is, however, difficult to use these "easy-to-measure" parameters as reliable markers of certain microbial populations.

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Canziani, Bonnie Farber, and Dianne H. B. Welsh. "Website quality for SME wineries: measurement insights." Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology 7, no. 3 (August 1, 2016): 266–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhtt-02-2016-0009.

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Purpose The study aims to offer a general review of website evaluation, with particular application to the winery tourism field. Automated website evaluation is explored as a complementary tool in the evaluation of small and medium enterprise (SME) winery websites. Design/methodology/approach The study adopted a mixed-method investigation including a critical review of winery website evaluation literature and analysis of winery website scores generated through a free service of a commercial automated evaluation scoring system. Findings No standards currently exist for winery website evaluation metrics and current evaluation processes suffer from human rater bias. An automated evaluation scoring system used in the study was able to discriminate between a sample of known best practice websites and other independently formed samples representing average wineries in the USA and in North Carolina. Research limitations/implications Wineries and other small business tourism firms can benefit by incorporating automated website evaluation and benchmarking into their internet strategies. Reported human rater limitations noted in manual evaluation may be minimized using automated rating technology. Automated evaluation system metrics tend to be updated more frequently and offer better alignment with trending consumer expectations for website design. Originality/value The current study used an automated website quality evaluation tool that serves to move winery website design efforts forward and supports the goals of reputation management for tourism businesses relying on internet marketing.

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Eusébio, A., M. Mateus, L. Baeta-Hall, E. Almeida-Vara, and J. C. Duarte. "Microflora evaluation of two agro-industrial effluents treated by the JACTO jet-loop type reactor system." Water Science and Technology 51, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2005.0013.

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Jet-loop type reactors developed in our group have been successfully used for biological treatment of winery and olive oil wastewaters. The objective of the present work was to study the influence of the reactor hydrodynamics, causing high shear stress applied on the nozzle and its influence on the composition of the microbial population. Winery and olive oil industry effluents were treated and analysed. Microbial consortia were enriched and selected under different bio-treatment conditions of the effluents. In the case of the winery wastewaters, the isolates identified belong to the genera of Pseudomonas and Bacillus. Saccharomyces cerevisiae was also present in the consortia but no filamentous fungi were detected. In the case of the olive oil wastewaters, Bacillus megaterium 2 was the predominant microorganism. It was not detected any type of fungi.

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Boulton, Roger. "A self-sustainable winery, an advanced passive building and remote monitoring of environments in wineries." Journal of Agricultural Engineering 48, no. 1s (August 2, 2017): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/jae.2017.735.

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The self-sustainable winery was conceived in 2006 and the intention was to create a building and its related utility systems that would operate independently from the energy and water grids and to eliminate hydrocarbon fuels from its operation, capture and sequester the carbon dioxide from its fermentations and create a zero carbon footprint facility. The winery was the highest scoring LEED building at any university when it was completed and the first LEED Platinum Winery in the USA. The adjacent Jess Jackson sustainable winery building is a highly passive research and utility space that will house the advanced energy and water systems that make this off-grid performance possible. Together these buildings will operate every daily in energy and water positive modes and at capacities, which exceed the demands even during the harvest season. The data system incorporated into these buildings for one hundred and fifty research fermentors, fourteen teaching fermentors will also monitor all energy, water and building activities in a secure, cloud-based software system that supports both web and handheld access, with the potential for bidirectional date and control functions. This data network has been extended to include real time monitoring of temperature, humidity, carbon dioxide and volatile organic compounds in five production areas within two commercial winery sites and two creamery facilities, located more than 100 km from Davis. This now provides an example of a distributed dynamic network for the monitoring of the built environment in remote commercial food and wine facilities.

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Milani, Mirco, Simona Consoli, Alessia Marzo, Alessandra Pino, Cinzia Randazzo, Salvatore Barbagallo, and Giuseppe Luigi Cirelli. "Treatment of Winery Wastewater with a Multistage Constructed Wetland System for Irrigation Reuse." Water 12, no. 5 (April 29, 2020): 1260. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12051260.

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This paper reports a study on the performance of a multistage constructed wetland (CW) system adopted for winery wastewater and on the analysis of its suitability for irrigation reuse. The CW system treats about 3 m3·day−1 of wastewater produced by a small winery located in Sicily (insular Italy). Wastewater samples were collected at the CW inlet and outlet for physical–chemical and microbiological quality characterization. CW efficiency was evaluated on the basis of water quality improvement and of the achievement of Italian and EU irrigation reuse regulation limits. The CW system showed Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and Total Suspended Solids (TSS) mean removal rates of about 81% and 69%, and a maximum removal of about 99% (for both COD and TSS) occurred during grape harvest phase. The CW removal efficiencies for nutrients were 56% for TN and 38% for PO4-P, considering their low average concentrations at CW inlet. The CW system evidenced an effluent average quality compatible with the limits imposed by the Italian regulation and EU proposal regulation on the minimum requirement for water reuse. The CW vegetated area showed regular growth and vegetative development; phytotoxicity phenomena were not detected. The results of the study suggest the important role of CW systems in the treatment of winery wastewater and for their subsequent reuse in agriculture.

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Tsolcha, Olga, Athanasia Tekerlekopoulou, Christos Akratos, George Aggelis, Savvas Genitsaris, Maria Moustaka-Gouni, and Dimitrios Vayenas. "Agroindustrial Wastewater Treatment with Simultaneous Biodiesel Production in Attached Growth Systems Using a Mixed Microbial Culture." Water 10, no. 11 (November 20, 2018): 1693. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10111693.

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The use of cyanobacteria in biological wastewater treatment technologies can greatly reduce operation costs by combining wastewater bioremediation and production of lipid suitable as biodiesel feedstock. In this work, an attached growth system was employed to achieve the above-mentioned dual objective using a mixed microbial culture dominated by Leptolyngbya and Limnothrix species in diverse heterotrophic consortia. Kinetic experiments on different initial pollutant concentrations were carried out to determine the ability of the established culture to remove organic load (expressed by d-COD, dissolved-Chemical Oxygen Demand), N and P from agroindustrial wastewaters (dairy, winery and raisin). Biomass and oil productivity were determined. It was found that significant removal rates of nutrients were achieved in all the wastewaters examined, especially in that originated from winery in which the highest d-COD removal rate (up to 97.4%) was observed. The attached microbial biomass produced in winery wastewater contained 23.2% lipid/biomass, wt/wt, which was satisfying. The growth in the dairy wastewater yielded the highest attached biomass productivity (5.03 g m−2 day−1) followed by the mixed effluent of winery-raisin (4.12 g m−2 day−1) and the winery wastewater (3.08 g m−2 day−1). The produced microbial lipids contained high percentages of saturated and mono-unsaturated fatty acids (over 89% in total lipids) in all substrates examined. We conclude that the proposed attached growth photobioreactor system can be considered an effective wastewater treatment system that simultaneously produces microbial lipids suitable as biodiesel feedstock.

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Laurenson, S., E. Smith, N. S. Bolan, and M. McCarthy. "Effect of K+ on Na - Ca exchange and the SAR-ESP relationship." Soil Research 49, no. 6 (2011): 538. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr11192.

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In Australia, application of winery wastewater to land is increasingly being viewed as the most environmentally sound and cost-effective means of disposal. This wastewater contains high concentrations of both sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+), which have the potential to accumulate in the profile of irrigated soils and adversely alter physical properties such as aggregate stability and hydraulic conductivity. Cation exchange equilibria in soil of mixed illite and kaolinite mineralogy have been investigated in binary Ca–Na and Ca–K systems and in a ternary Ca–Na–K system. In the respective binary systems, resulting exchangeable potassium percentage was nearly twice the corresponding exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP), indicating a high binding affinity of K+ in this soil. In a ternary system, soils were equilibrated with solutions of differing sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) and potassium adsorption ratio (PAR) within ranges typical of winery wastewater. The presence of K+ had a significant effect on the relationship between SAR and ESP, whereby ESP decreased with increasing PAR. Resulting ESP in the ternary system was consistently lower than in the binary system. Cation selectivity between solid and solution phases in the ternary system was calculated from the Vanselow and K-selectivity coefficients and showed a decreasing selectivity for Na+ with increasing K+ in solution. It is expected that, due to the high K+ content of winery wastewater (i.e. >400 mg/L), adsorption of Na+, and subsequent ESP, will be less than in wastewaters of comparable Na+ concentration yet absent K+.

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Mosteo, R., J. Sarasa, Maria P. Ormad, and J. L. Ovelleiro. "Sequential Solar Photo-Fenton-Biological System for the Treatment of Winery Wastewaters." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 56, no. 16 (August 2008): 7333–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf8005678.

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Arfi, Véronique, Dijella Bagoudou, Nathalie Korboulewsky, and Grégory Bois. "Initial efficiency of a bamboo grove–based treatment system for winery wastewater." Desalination 246, no. 1-3 (September 2009): 69–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2008.03.043.

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Madrid, Nicolas, Roger Boulton, and André Knoesen. "Remote monitoring of winery and creamery environments with a wireless sensor system." Building and Environment 119 (July 2017): 128–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2017.04.010.

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Monteagudo, J. M., A. Durán, J. M. Corral, A. Carnicer, J. M. Frades, and M. A. Alonso. "Ferrioxalate-induced solar photo-Fenton system for the treatment of winery wastewaters." Chemical Engineering Journal 181-182 (February 2012): 281–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2011.11.080.

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Colin, T., A. Bories, Y. Sire, and R. Perrin. "Treatment and valorisation of winery wastewater by a new biophysical process (ECCF®)." Water Science and Technology 51, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2005.0012.

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Taking account of the high specificity of the organic load of winery effluents, a new biophysical treatment using the stripping of ethanol combined with a final concentration by evaporation has been studied. Two options are proposed: full treatment and pre-treatment. The study of the composition of winery wastewater has shown the large, dominant part of ethanol in the organic load (75 to 99% of the COD). According to a linear correlation between COD and ethanol concentration, the determination of ethanol concentration can be used to estimate the organic load of winery wastewater. Full treatment by stripping and concentration at a pilot plant allows the separation of the wastewater into highly purified water (COD elimination>99%), a concentrated alcoholic solution usable as bio-fuel and a concentrated by-product. Stripping alone represents an advantageous pre-treatment of winery wastewater. The purification rate reaches 78 to 85% and ethanol is recovered. The process facilitates discharge into a sewage system in view of treatment with domestic effluents and can also improve the efficiency of overloaded or old purification plants.The economical approach of this method demonstrates its competitiveness in comparison with biological treatments: low energy consumed, no sludge.

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Velikova, Natalia, Bonnie Canziani, and Helena Williams. "Small winery-restaurant relationship building: challenges and opportunities." International Journal of Wine Business Research 31, no. 1 (March 11, 2019): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijwbr-07-2018-0038.

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Purpose Wine is an important profit center for restaurants. The purpose of this paper is to address some of the challenges and opportunities at the nexus of wine and hospitality, with an eye on relationship building between smaller wineries and dining establishments. Design/methodology/approach The paper is essay style with acknowledgments made to extant literature, as well as US industry-based intelligence. Findings Primary challenges facing small wineries trying to enter the restaurant market revolve around constraints imposed by the traditional distribution system mindset, as well as pricing issues affecting procurement and markup of wine for restaurant use, limited abilities to provide sufficient inventory and the lack of time and people resources. Counterpoint discussion reveals opportunities related to increased focus on experience-based wine sales in restaurants, the importance of the story and the value of co-branding. Practical implications Partnerships with restaurants can be a delicate yet desirable part of a small winery’s strategy. The key is to develop a mutually beneficial relationship, while fulfilling the objectives and missions of both winery and restaurant. When wineries and restaurants carve out the time and invest the people resources to successfully and purposefully co-brand, optimum symmetry is formed which leads to mutually valued dining and special gastronomic experiences for the winery/restaurant partners and their customers. Originality/value In a viewpoint format, the paper outlines and discusses the key elements of relationship building between small wineries and restaurants.

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Aybar, M., M. Carvallo, F. Fabacher, G. Pizarr, and P. Pastén. "Towards a benchmarking model for winery wastewater treatment and disposal." Water Science and Technology 56, no. 2 (July 1, 2007): 153–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2007.484.

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We propose a benchmarking model for winery wastewater treatment systems and use it to quantitatively compare the performance of Chilean wine-making operations. The benchmarking model integrates three components: the influent characteristics, the wastewater treatment alternatives, and the location constraints. Four performance levels may be defined when plotting the available data of the wine production versus the ratio of wastewater to wine, for the French, US, and Chilean industries. Knowing where a certain system lies in this diagram helps to quantify the gap between the current and a target performance, and to set performance goals for planned expansions. The analysis of construction and operating costs of treatment systems currently in operation in Chile shows that similar compliance levels can be achieved at remarkably different costs. A steep decrease in the unitary cost is observed as wastewater flow increases; yet, the treatment alternative for achieving that cost may change. Further selection is obtained when location constraints are considered, including stringent discharge standards and proximity to urban settlements. The application of this simple benchmark model to three Chilean winery facilities shows how it produces meaningful quantitative and qualitative results. However, there is still ample room to improve this benchmarking model by considering additional complexity, including technical detail in the treatment options and costs related to technology conversion.

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Artiga, P., M. Carballa, J. M. Garrido, and R. Méndez. "Treatment of winery wastewaters in a membrane submerged bioreactor." Water Science and Technology 56, no. 2 (July 1, 2007): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2007.473.

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Wine production is seasonal, and thus the wastewater flow and its chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentrations greatly vary during the vintage and non-vintage periods, as well as being dependant on the winemaking technologies used, e.g. red, white or special wines production. Due to this seasonal high variability in terms of organic matter load, the use of membrane biological reactors (MBR) could be suitable for the treatment of such wastewaters. MBR offers several benefits, such as rapid start up, good effluent quality, low footprint area, absence of voluminous secondary settler and its operation is not affected by the settling properties of the sludge. A pilot scale hollow fibre MBR system of 220 L was fed by adequately diluting white wine with tap water, simulating wastewaters generated in wineries. The COD in the influent ranged between 1,000 and 4,000 mg/L. In less than 10 days after the start up, the system showed a good COD removal efficiency. The COD elimination percentage was always higher than 97% regardless of the organic loading rate (OLR) applied (0.5–2.2 kg COD/m3 d), with COD concentrations in the effluent ranging between 20 and 100 mg/L. Although the biomass concentration in the reactor increased from 0.5 to 8.6 g VSS/L, the suspended solids concentration in the effluent was negligible. Apparent biomass yield was estimated in 0.14 g VSS/g COD.

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Perdigones, Alicia, Isaac García, Carlos Javier Porras-Prieto, María Teresa Gómez-Villarino, Fátima Baptista, and José Luis García. "Evaluation of the cost-effectiveness of grid-connected photovoltaic solar energy in wineries." Ciência e Técnica Vitivinícola 36, no. 1 (2021): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ctv/ctv2021360145.

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The objective of this study was to analyze the cost-effectiveness of photovoltaic (PV) solar energy in wineries. The factors analysed were solar radiation, cost of PV installation, prices in the public electricity grid, size of the winery, power of installed panels, influence of the decreased consumption during weekends, and seasonality in the consumption. The study has been based on the European TESLA project, in which 39 energy audits were carried out in wineries in four European countries. A winery of 30,000 hL/year was characterized as a representative winery. The results showed that seasonality was key in the profitability of the system for self-consumption, related to the optimum power to be installed of PV. It was recommended to install, as an optimal PV power, the stable electrical power that is demanded in the daytime period. Optimizing the installed power of PV panels in the representative winery, the percentage of electrical energy consumption covered by photovoltaic energy varied between 16% and 22%. The percentage of the cost of electric energy covered varied between 18% and 24%, with payback values between 18 years (3.1 peak sun hours of solar radiation -PSH) and 10 years (5.6 peak sun hours of solar radiation - PSH). All the factors involved were analyzed.

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Jorge, Nuno, Ana R. Teixeira, Carlos C. Matos, Marco S. Lucas, and José A. Peres. "Combination of Coagulation–Flocculation–Decantation and Ozonation Processes for Winery Wastewater Treatment." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 16 (August 23, 2021): 8882. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168882.

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This research assessed a novel treatment process of winery wastewater, through the application of a chemical-based process aiming to decrease the high organic carbon content, which represents a difficulty for wastewater treatment plants and a public health problem. Firstly, a coagulation–flocculation–decantation process (CFD process) was optimized by a simplex lattice design. Afterwards, the efficiency of a UV-C/ferrous iron/ozone system was assessed for organic carbon removal in winery wastewater. This system was applied alone and in combination with the CFD process (as a pre- and post-treatment). The coagulation–flocculation–decantation process, with a mixture of 0.48 g/L potassium caseinate and 0.52 g/L bentonite at pH 4.0, achieved 98.3, 97.6, and 87.8% removals of turbidity, total suspended solids, and total polyphenols, respectively. For the ozonation process, the required pH and ferrous iron concentration (Fe2+) were crucial variables in treatment optimization. With the application of the best operational conditions (pH = 4.0, [Fe2+] = 1.0 mM), the UV-C/ferrous iron/ozone system achieved 63.2% total organic carbon (TOC) removal and an energy consumption of 1843 kWh∙m−3∙order−1. The combination of CFD and ozonation processes increased the TOC removal to 66.1 and 65.5%, respectively, for the ozone/ferrous iron/UV-C/CFD and CFD/ozone/ferrous iron/UV-C systems. In addition, the germination index of several seeds was assessed and excellent values (>80%) were observed, which revealed the reduction in phytotoxicity. In conclusion, the combination of CFD and UV-C/ferrous iron/ozone processes is efficient for WW treatment.

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Skornia, Katelyn, Steven I. Safferman, Laura Rodriguez-Gonzalez, and Sarina J. Ergas. "Treatment of Winery Wastewater Using Bench-Scale Columns Simulating Vertical Flow Constructed Wetlands with Adsorption Media." Applied Sciences 10, no. 3 (February 5, 2020): 1063. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10031063.

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Wastewater produced during the wine-making process often contains an order of magnitude greater chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration than is typical of domestic wastewater. This waste stream is also highly variable in flow and composition due to the seasonality of wine-making. The recent growth of small-scale wineries in cold climates and increasing regulations present a need for low-cost, easily-operable treatment systems that do not require large amounts of land, yet maintain a high level of treatment in cool temperatures. This research investigates the use of a subsurface vertical flow constructed wetland (SVFCW) to treat winery wastewater. In this study, clinoptilolite, tire chips, and a nano-enhanced iron foam were used to enhance bench-scale gravel cells to adsorb ammonia, nitrate, and phosphorus, respectively. The treatment systems, without nitrogen adsorption media, performed well, with >99% removal of COD and 94% removal of total nitrogen. Treatment systems with the nitrogen adsorption media did not enhance nitrogen removal. Equilibrium was reached within two weeks of start-up, regardless of prior inoculation, which suggests that microbes present in the winery wastewater are sufficient for the start-up of the wastewater treatment system; therefore, the seasonality of winery wastewater production will not substantially impact treatment. Operating the treatment systems under cool temperatures did not significantly impact COD or total nitrogen removal. Further, the use of nano-enhanced iron foam exhibited 99.8% removal of phosphorus, which resulted in effluent concentrations that were below 0.102 mg/L P.

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Ruíz, C., M. Torrijos, P. Sousbie, J. Lebrato Martínez, R. Moletta, and J. P. Delgenès. "Treatment of winery wastewater by an anaerobic sequencing batch reactor." Water Science and Technology 45, no. 10 (May 1, 2002): 219–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2002.0336.

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Treatment of winery wastewater was investigated using an anaerobic sequencing batch reactor (ASBR). Biogas production rate was monitored and permitted the automation of the bioreactor by a simple control system. The reactor was operated at an organic loading rate (ORL) around 8.6 gCOD/L.d with soluble chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency greater than 98%, hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 2.2 d and a specific organic loading rate (SOLR) of 0.96 gCOD/gVSS.d. The kinetics of COD and VFA removal were investigated for winery wastewater and for simple compounds such as ethanol, which is a major component of winery effluent, and acetate, which is the main volatile fatty acid (VFA) produced. The comparison of the profiles obtained with the 3 substrates shows that, overall, the acidification of the organic matter and the methanisation of the VFA follow zero order reactions, in the operating conditions of our study. The effect on the gas production rate resulted in two level periods separated by a sharp break when the acidification stage was finished and only the breaking down of the VFA continued.

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Akratos, Christos S., Triantafyllos I. Tatoulis, and Athanasia G. Tekerlekopoulou. "Biotreatment of Winery Wastewater Using a Hybrid System Combining Biological Trickling Filters and Constructed Wetlands." Applied Sciences 10, no. 2 (January 15, 2020): 619. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10020619.

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The objective of this work was to determine the ability of a pilot-scale hybrid system to treat real (non-synthetic) winery wastewater. The experimental treatment system consisted of two stages: An attached growth pilot-scale bioreactor (biological trickling filter with plastic support material) was initially used to remove a significant amount of dissolved chemical oxygen demand (d-COD) from winery wastewater, and then a pilot-scale, horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland (CW) was examined as a post-treatment step for further d-COD removal. Results from the biofilter revealed that the recirculation rate of 1.0 L/min lead to higher d-COD removal rates than that of 0.5 L/min for all feed d-COD concentrations tested (3500, 7500, 9000 and 18,000 mg d-COD/L). Experiments in the CW were performed using feed d-COD concentrations of about 1500 mg/L (equivalent to biofilter effluent when initial filter feed d-COD concentrations are 18,000 mg/L). The wetland polishing stage managed to further remove d-COD and produced effluent concentrations below current legislation limits for safe disposal. Furthermore, the presence of zeolite in CW (one third of the length of CW) enhanced ammonium removal. The experimental results indicate that the combination of a biological trickling filter and a constructed wetland could effectively treat effluents originating from small wineries typical of the Mediterranean region.

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Zang, Hua Dong. "Configuration Software-Based Control System for Wine Production." Advanced Materials Research 328-330 (September 2011): 2144–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.328-330.2144.

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According to request of the control system in the wine fermentation process at a winery, the design plan of the control system based on Siemens PLC and King View is put forward. Lower processor was composed by series CPU module and ET200S module of Siemens S7-400 PLC in that control system; moreover, centralized management and real-time monitoring of collected data are carried out through the upper processor that adopts industrial computer and the software of King View. The practice shows that the control precision and the reliability of the control system of the wine fermentation process both have met the needs of the control.

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Andreottola, G., P. Foladori, P. Nardelli, and A. Denicolo. "Treatment of winery wastewater in a full-scale fixed bed biofilm reactor." Water Science and Technology 51, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 71–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2005.0009.

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The treatment of winery wastewater was performed at full-scale applying a two-stage fixed bed biofilm reactor (FBBR) system for the discharge in the sewerage. The results of the first year of operation at the full-scale plant are presented. Values of removed organic loads and effluent concentrations were interpreted on the basis of the COD fractionation of influent wastewater assessed through respirometric tests. The average removal efficiency of total COD was 91%. It was not possible to reach an higher efficiency because of the unbiodegradable soluble fraction of COD (about 10% of total COD on average during the whole year), that cannot be removed by biological process or settling. Due to the high empty space offered by the plastic carriers, FBBRs did not require backwashing during the seasonal operationing period of the plant (September–March). In comparison with other treatment systems the FBBR configuration allows one to ensure a simple management, to obtain high efficiency also in the case of higher fluctuations of flow and loads and to guarantee a good settleability of the sludge, without bulking problems.

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Sigge, G. O., T. J. Britz, P. C. Fourie, C. A. Barnardt, and R. Strydom. "Combining UASB technology and advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) to treat food processing wastewaters." Water Science and Technology 45, no. 10 (May 1, 2002): 329–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2002.0365.

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UASB treatment of fruit cannery and winery effluents was shown to be feasible. However, the treated effluents still have residual COD levels well above the legal limit of 75 mg.L−1 for direct discharge to a water system and a form of post-treatment is necessary to reduce the COD further. Ozone and ozone/hydrogen peroxide were used in combination with a granular activated carbon contacting column to assess the effectiveness as a post-treatment option for the UASB treated fruit cannery and winery effluent. Colour reduction in the effluents ranged from 66 to 90% and COD reductions of 27–55% were achieved. The combination of ozone and hydrogen peroxide gave better results than ozonation alone. Significant progress was thus made in achieving the legal limit of 75 mg.L−1.

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Litskas, Vassilis, Athanasia Mandoulaki, Ioannis N. Vogiatzakis, Nikolaos Tzortzakis, and Menelaos Stavrinides. "Sustainable Viticulture: First Determination of the Environmental Footprint of Grapes." Sustainability 12, no. 21 (October 23, 2020): 8812. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12218812.

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We present for the first time the environmental footprint (EF) of grapes following the methodology proposed by the EU and life cycle assessment (LCA). We used data from three different production systems, conventional high- or low-input and organic from vineyards on the Mediterranean island of Cyprus. The life cycle inventory (LCI) data were retrieved from the recently released AGRIBALYSE database, and the EF was determined with the Open LCA software. The system boundary was from “cradle to winery door” and the functional unit was 1 ton of grapes delivered to the winery. Organic grape production had the lowest values for most of the 16 EF impact categories. Machinery, fuel, and sulfur production and use were identified as EF hotspots for organic grapes. Fertilizer production and use were identified as EF hotspots for high-input grape production. The EF impact category values for low-input grapes showed similarities with organic production. Future research needs to enrich the LCI databases with data more applicable to the methods and inputs applied in Mediterranean agriculture.

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Bustamante, M. A., C. Paredes, R. Moral, J. Moreno-Caselles, M. D. Pérez-Murcia, A. Pérez-Espinosa, and M. P. Bernal. "Co-composting of distillery and winery wastes with sewage sludge." Water Science and Technology 56, no. 2 (July 1, 2007): 187–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2007.488.

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The winery and distillery wastes (grape stalk and marc (GS and GM, respectively), wine lees (WL) and exhausted grape marc (EGM)) are produced in great amounts in the Mediterranean countries, where their treatment and disposal are becoming an important environmental problem, mainly due to their seasonal character and some characteristics that make their management difficult and which are not optimised yet. Composting is a treatment widely used for organic wastes, which could be a feasible option to treat and recycle the winery and distillery wastes. In this experiment, two different piles (pile 1 and 2) were prepared with mixtures of GS, GM, EG and sewage sludge (SS) and composted in a pilot plant by the Rutgers static pile composting system. Initially, GS, GM and EGM were mixed, the pile 1 being watered with fresh collected vinasse (V). After 17 days, SS was added to both piles as a nitrogen and microorganisms source. During composting, the evolution of temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, total organic C, total N, humic acid-like C and fulvic acid-like C contents, C/N ratio, cation exchange capacity and germination index of the mixtures were studied. The addition of V in pile 1 produced higher values of temperature, a greater degradation of the total organic C, higher electrical conductivity values and similar pH values and total N contents than in pile 2. The addition of this effluent also increased the cation exchange capacity and produced a longer persistence of phytotoxicity. However, both piles showed a stabilised organic matter and a reduction of the phytotoxicity at the end of the composting process.

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Vargas-Morales, Gustavo, Rolando Chamy, and Santiago García-Gen. "A VFA-based controller for anaerobic digestion of industrial winery wastewater." Water Science and Technology 78, no. 9 (August 22, 2018): 1871–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2018.367.

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Abstract A variable-gain controller for anaerobic digestion of industrial winery wastewater is presented. A control law using both volatile fatty acids (VFA) and methane production rate as controlled variables and organic loading rate (OLR) as manipulated variable is defined. The process state is quantitatively estimated by an empirical function comparing VFA measurements against a setpoint value; then, it is modified with a second empirical function that compares the methane flow rate with a maximum capacity reference, and finally it is adjusted with a third factor considering the actual hydraulic retention time. The variable-gain function determines the extent of the OLR change applied to the system. The controller was successfully validated in a 95 L upflow-anaerobic-sludge-blanket (UASB) reactor, treating industrial wine wastewater at OLR ranged between 2.0 and 39.2 g COD/L d for 120 days at mesophilic conditions. Higher performance was achieved contrasted with a conventional strategy carried out in a parallel UASB unit.

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Mulidzi, A. R. "Winery and distillery wastewater treatment by constructed wetland with shorter retention time." Water Science and Technology 61, no. 10 (May 1, 2010): 2611–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2010.206.

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The rationale for using constructed wetlands for treating wastewater is that wetlands are naturally among the most biological active ecosystem on earth. The aim of the study was to determine the impact of shorter retention time on the performance of constructed wetland in terms of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and other elements removal. The application of wastewater with retention time of seven days as well as the evaluation of water quality after treatment at Goudini experimental wetland was carried out throughout the year. The results had shown an overall average COD removal of 60% throughout the year. Results also showed reasonable removal of other elements namely; potassium, pH, nitrogen, electrical conductivity, calcium, sodium, magnesium and boron from the wastewater by constructed wetlands. The results showed low COD removal during July until September after which it improved tremendously. The reason for low COD removal during first three months could be attributed to the fact that there was no gradual increase of wastewater application to the wetlands i.e. from 4,050 litres per day to 8,100 litres per day. The results had showed that constructed wetland as a secondary treatment system is effective in terms of COD and other elements removal from winery and distillery wastewater. COD removal throughout the year was 60% with seven days retention time. When compared with previous studies that showed 80% COD removal within 14 days retention time, therefore the 60% removal is very critical to wine industries as more wastewater will be applied to the system.

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Holtman, G. A., R. Haldenwang, and P. J. Welz. "Biological sand filter system treating winery effluent for effective reduction in organic load and pH neutralisation." Journal of Water Process Engineering 25 (October 2018): 118–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2018.07.008.

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Kalyuzhnyi, S. V., M. A. Gladchenko, V. I. Skylar, Ye S. Kizimenko, and S. S. Shcherbakov. "Psychrophilic one- and two-step systems for pre-treatment of winery waste water." Water Science and Technology 44, no. 4 (August 1, 2001): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0169.

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The operation performance of a single and two (in series) laboratory UASB reactors (working volume of 2.7 l, recycle ratio varied from 1:1 to 1:18) treating diluted wine vinasse was investigated under psychrophilic conditions (4-10°C). For a single UASB reactor seeded with granular sludge, the average organic loading rates (OLR) applied were 4.7, 3.7 and 1.7 g COD/l/d (hydraulic retention times (HRTs) were around 1 d) at 9-11, 6-7 and 4-5°C, respectively. The average total COD removal for preacidified vinasse wastewater was around 60% for all the temperature regimes tested. For two UASB reactors in series, the average total COD removal for treatment of non-preacidified wastewater exceeded 70% (the average OLRs for a whole system were 2.2, 1.8 and 1.3 g COD/l/d under HRTs of 2 days at 10, 7 and 4°C, respectively). In situ determinations of kinetic sludge characteristics (Vm and Km) revealed the existence of substantial mass-transfer limitations for the soluble substrates inside the reactor sludge bed. Therefore an application of higher recycle rations is essential for enhancement of UASB pre-treatment under psychrophilic conditions. The produced anaerobic effluents were shown to be efficiently post-treated aerobically - final effluent COD concentrations were around 0.1 g/l.

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Olson, David L., Paraskeva Dimitrova‐Davidova, and Ivan Stoykov. "Systems dynamics model of a transition firm." Managerial Finance 31, no. 3 (March 1, 2005): 67–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03074350510769578.

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Eastern European countries are undergoing a transition from centralized economic planning to more open economic systems. A team of Bulgarian and U.S. researchers have collaborated to study this problem, using a real Bulgarian winery as the focus of their research. System dynamics modeling was selected as a tool to provide better understanding of management issues. A framework for future objective research, and as a pedagogical tool. This system dynamics model generates output on a number of measures. This paper presents initial output from the model, reporting profit ability, risk, and market share measures. These multiple measures create the need for multiple criteria analysis. Three multiple criteria techniques are demonstrated, and their value in the system dynamics simulation modeling process is discussed.

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Pontes Luz, Guilherme, and Rodrigo Amaro e Silva. "Modeling Energy Communities with Collective Photovoltaic Self-Consumption: Synergies between a Small City and a Winery in Portugal." Energies 14, no. 2 (January 8, 2021): 323. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14020323.

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The recently approved regulation on Energy Communities in Europe is paving the way for new collective forms of energy consumption and production, mainly based on photovoltaics. However, energy modeling approaches that can adequately evaluate the impact of these new regulations on energy community configurations are still lacking, particularly with regards to the grid tariffs imposed on collective systems. Thus, the present work models three different energy community configurations sustained on collective photovoltaics self-consumption for a small city in southern Portugal. This energy community, which integrates the city consumers and a local winery, was modeled using the Python-based Calliope framework. Using real electricity demand data from power transformers and an actual winery, the techno-economic feasibility of each configuration was assessed. Results show that all collective arrangements can promote a higher penetration of photovoltaic capacity (up to 23%) and a modest reduction in the overall cost of electricity (up to 8%). However, there are clear trade-offs between the different pathways: more centralized configurations have 53% lower installation costs but are more sensitive to grid use costs (which can represent up to 74% of the total system costs). Moreover, key actor’s individual self-consumption rate may decrease by 10% in order to benefit the energy community as a whole.

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Pontes Luz, Guilherme, and Rodrigo Amaro e Silva. "Modeling Energy Communities with Collective Photovoltaic Self-Consumption: Synergies between a Small City and a Winery in Portugal." Energies 14, no. 2 (January 8, 2021): 323. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14020323.

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The recently approved regulation on Energy Communities in Europe is paving the way for new collective forms of energy consumption and production, mainly based on photovoltaics. However, energy modeling approaches that can adequately evaluate the impact of these new regulations on energy community configurations are still lacking, particularly with regards to the grid tariffs imposed on collective systems. Thus, the present work models three different energy community configurations sustained on collective photovoltaics self-consumption for a small city in southern Portugal. This energy community, which integrates the city consumers and a local winery, was modeled using the Python-based Calliope framework. Using real electricity demand data from power transformers and an actual winery, the techno-economic feasibility of each configuration was assessed. Results show that all collective arrangements can promote a higher penetration of photovoltaic capacity (up to 23%) and a modest reduction in the overall cost of electricity (up to 8%). However, there are clear trade-offs between the different pathways: more centralized configurations have 53% lower installation costs but are more sensitive to grid use costs (which can represent up to 74% of the total system costs). Moreover, key actor’s individual self-consumption rate may decrease by 10% in order to benefit the energy community as a whole.

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Gómez-Plaza, Encarnación, Adrián Martínez-Cutillas, and José Laencina. "Recovery of wine volatile compounds during the vinification." OENO One 27, no. 3 (September 30, 1993): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/oeno-one.1993.27.3.1166.

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<p style="text-align: justify;">During the fermentation of grape sugars there is a formation of CO<sub>2</sub>, which escapes along with other volatile compounds being formed during the fermentation. To determine these lost main compounds, we placed an experimental system in a winery, which consisted in a cold trap connected to the exit of the fermentation tanks.</p>

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Xagoraris, Marinos, Ioanna Oikonomou, Dimitra Daferera, Charalambos Kanakis, Iliada K. Lappa, Charilaos Giotis, Christos S. Pappas, Petros A. Tarantilis, and Efstathia Skotti. "Quality Evaluation of Winery By-Products from Ionian Islands Grape Varieties in the Concept of Circular Bioeconomy." Sustainability 13, no. 10 (May 13, 2021): 5454. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13105454.

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The aim of this work was the study and evaluation of winery by-products in the framework of the circular bioeconomy. Grape seeds and grape skins from Greek Ionian Islands varieties were analyzed in an attempt to provide the appropriate basis for model development of their sustainable exploitation at a local or regional level. The by-products were collected directly from the wineries immediately after the vinification process and were analyzed by chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques. In addition, annual production and yields were estimated. Grape seed oil quality was evaluated based on fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) composition. The grape skins’ phenolic fraction was extracted by an eco-friendly, nontoxic water-glycerol solvent system and was detected qualitatively. In addition, total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity (ABTS, DPPH) were measured. Based on estimated yields, our results demonstrate that winery by-products have the potential to promote the cyclical bioeconomy in a modern economic growth model that will reduce by-products and environmental costs as they can be reused as whole material in foods, dietary supplements, cosmetic ingredients, food colorants, and preservatives.

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Cañete, Eduardo, Jaime Chen, Cristian Martín, and Bartolomé Rubio. "Smart Winery: A Real-Time Monitoring System for Structural Health and Ullage in Fino Style Wine Casks." Sensors 18, no. 3 (March 7, 2018): 803. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18030803.

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Expósito, Isabel, and Iñigo Cuiñas. "Exploring the Limitations on RFID Technology in Traceability Systems at Beverage Factories." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2013 (2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/916526.

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The application of RFID in traceability of products in beverage factories is analyzed in terms of the electromagnetic conditions defined by the massive presence of metallic elements and liquids. Various experiments are reported to determine the maximum reading range from RFID tags installed on tanks or to read RFID information around bottles, both empty and full of wine, trying to put in context the possible problems that could appear when installing an RFID-based traceability system within a winery, a brewery, or any other beverage factory.

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Eusebi, A. L., P. Nardelli, G. Gatti, P. Battistoni, and F. Cecchi. "From conventional activated sludge to alternate oxic/anoxic process: the optimisation of winery wastewater treatment." Water Science and Technology 60, no. 4 (April 1, 2009): 1041–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2009.557.

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The paper deals with the results obtained as nitrogen removal and energy savings in a wastewater treatment plant located in the Province of Trento where the vineyards grow on about 1,500 ha (19% of total vineyards of the Province). In the plant the municipal and pre-treated winery wastewater were co-treated. The optimal effluent quality and the reduction of energy consumption were achieved changing the total oxidation process to an alternate cycles (AC) one and applying a remote control system for three months. The characterization of the influent highlighted a remarkable variability of the mass loads mainly determined by the cyclic winemaking periods. The AC application allowed the system to cope with the intense variations of influent nitrogen loadings and to obtain a stable quality of the effluent with an average TN concentration less than 10 mg NL−1. The nitrogen loading rate (NLR) up to 0.227 Kg TN m−3 d−1 was tolerated by the elevated AC control level device to assure successful denitrification performances (from 70% to 90%) also in conditions of COD/TN lower than 7. Comparing the AC with the pre AC conditions, a total energy saving in the range of 13–23% was estimated. Moreover, the specific energy consumptions were reduced to 59% despite the increment of the influent mass loadings.

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Mulidzi, A. R. "Winery wastewater treatment by constructed wetlands and the use of treated wastewater for cash crop production." Water Science and Technology 56, no. 2 (July 1, 2007): 103–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2007.478.

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A 45 m long, 4 m wide and 1 m deep wetland was constructed at Goudini in 2002 to treat distillery and winery effluent. After the plants were fully established, the wastewater with an average chemical oxygen demand (COD) of 14,000 mg/l was introduced to the wetland system at a rate of 4,050 litres per day. After treatment, wastewater at the outlet had an average COD of 500 mg/ l, indicating more than 90% COD removal. After treatment, the wastewater was used to irrigate cash crops as part of poverty alleviation for farm workers. The experiment consisted of four treatment: clean irrigation water with fertilizer applied (B1); clean irrigation water without fertilizer applied (B2); wastewater irrigation with fertilizer applied (B3); and wastewater irrigation without fertilizer applied (B4). These were replicated seven times. Cabbage was cultivated as a cash crop. The results indicated that cabbage could be irrigated with winery wastewater treated by wetlands. The study found that there was significant difference between treatments that were fertilized compared with those that were not fertilized. The results indicated that wastewater irrigation improved the nutritional status of the soil.

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Portalés, Cristina, and Emilio Ribes-Gómez. "An image-based system to preliminary assess the quality of grape harvest batches on arrival at the winery." Computers in Industry 68 (April 2015): 105–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compind.2014.12.010.

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Katona, Ádám László, István Ervin Háber, and István Kistelegdi. "Comparison of Downdraught and Up Draft Passive Air Conduction Systems (PACS) in a Winery Building." Buildings 11, no. 6 (June 17, 2021): 259. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings11060259.

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A huge portion of energy consumption in buildings comes from heating, ventilation, and air conditioning. Numerous previous works assessed the potential of natural ventilation compared to mechanical ventilation and proved their justification on the field. Nevertheless, it is a major difficulty to collect enough information from the literature to make decisions between different natural ventilation solutions with a given situation and boundary conditions. The current study tests the passive air conduction system (PACS) variations in the design phase of a medium-sized new winery’s cellar and production hall in Villány, Hungary. A computational fluid dynamics simulation based comparative analysis enabled to determine the differences in updraft (UD) and downdraught (DD) PACS, whereby the latter was found to be more efficient. While the DD PACS performed an air change range of 1.02 h−1 to 5.98 h−1, the UD PACS delivered −0.25 h−1 to 12.82 h−1 air change rate. The ventilation performance of the DD version possessed lower amplitudes, but the distribution was more balanced under different wind incident angles, thus this version was chosen for construction. It could be concluded that the DD PACS provides a more general applicability for natural ventilation in moderate climates and in small to medium scale industry hall domains with one in- and one outlet.

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Marco-Fondevila, Miguel, José M. Moneva, and Fernando Llena-Macarulla. "Accounting for Carbon Footprint Flows in Wine Production Process. Case Study in Spanish Winery." Applied Sciences 10, no. 23 (November 25, 2020): 8381. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10238381.

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Companies are gradually becoming conscious about the necessity of reducing their environmental impact and adopting low-carbon strategies in order to cope with increasing institutional and social demands. However, remaining competitive while reducing the environmental impact and improving the corporate image requires adopting sophisticated mechanisms boosting eco-efficiency and keeping costs tight. Material Flows Cost Accounting (MFCA) is an instrument that allows the monitoring of, measurement of, and accounting for physical and monetary processes along the production process. If extended to the supply chain, and applied to the energy usage and CO2 emissions, it allows one to account for the Carbon Footprint (CF) of a company and its products at any given stage of the value chain. The current paper presents a case study developed under the framework of a three-year project to introduce an energy use and carbon emissions monitoring and accounting system in a large winery company in Spain, based on the MFCA approach and CF accountability. Including the supply chain of the company and the whole farming cycle of its main input, the case study presents the method and phases adopted to implement the project, its direct and indirect results and outcomes, and the conclusions that can be extracted, which may be inspirational for practitioners and scholars envisaging similar projects.

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Brucculeri, M., D. Bolzonella, P. Battistoni, and F. Cecchi. "Treatment of mixed municipal and winery wastewaters in a conventional activated sludge process: a case study." Water Science and Technology 51, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 89–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2005.0011.

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The possibility of co-treating municipal and winery wastewaters in a conventional activated sludge process was studied at full scale. The wastewater treatment plant considered in this paper operated an extended-oxidation process during vintage (four month per year) and a pre-denitrification/oxidation process during the rest of the year. The experimentation showed that good performances, in terms of COD and nitrogen removal, could be obtained in both cases: 90% and 60%, for COD and nitrogen removal, respectively. Thanks to the high solid retention times applied to the system (up to 48 days) the waste activated sludge production was low (0.20 kgMLVSS/kgCODremoved) and respiration was the main process for carbon removal. Nitrification was always satisfactory while the behaviour of the denitrification process during vintage was not totally understood and further studies are going on.

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Vlyssides, A., E. M. Barampouti, S. Mai, A. Stamatoglou, and E. Tsimas. "Alternative biological systems for the treatment of vinasse from wine." Water Science and Technology 62, no. 12 (December 1, 2010): 2899–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2010.647.

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This work studied alternative treatment schemes for the vinasse wastewater from wine distilleries aiming at overcoming the problems caused by the high nitrogen and sulfur concentrations. A plexiglas laboratory-scale upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor of 20 L volume that was operated at 45°C and hydraulic retention time 1 d, was included in all the examined systems. System 1 was the conventional UASB reactor, system 2 was the UASB reactor supplemented with iron. System 3 consisted of the UASB reactor supplemented with iron and a CSTR reactor that operated under the following conditions: Diluted Oxygen 1.2 mg/L, Hydraulic Retention Time 1 d, pH 6.7 and Temperature 45°C. System 3 aimed at converting ammonium directly to dinitrogen gas under anaerobic conditions but it needed to be preceeded by a first partial nitrification step. All systems had high COD efficiencies over 75%. Ferrous iron addition apart from enhancing the performance of systems 2 and 3, it was able to retain all sulphur content of the wastewater as ferrous sulfide stripping the biogas from hydrogen sulfide. System 3 also managed to meet its goal, since it achieved an 86% nitrogen reduction. Conclusively, system 3 seems to be a very promising environmental technology for the treatment of distillery and winery byproducts, as well as industrial wastewater with high sulfur and nitrogen content.

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Rizzo, Anacleto, Riccardo Bresciani, Nicola Martinuzzi, and Fabio Masi. "Online Monitoring of a Long-Term Full-Scale Constructed Wetland for the Treatment of Winery Wastewater in Italy." Applied Sciences 10, no. 2 (January 12, 2020): 555. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10020555.

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Nature-based solutions, such as Constructed Wetlands (CWs), for the treatment of industrial wastewater can be more efficiently operated making use of online monitored parameters as inlet/outlet flows and concentrations for specific substances. The present study compares different datasets acquired in a two-and-a-half-year-long period by normal laboratory methods and also from a specific COD/BOD sensor installed at a winery CWs wastewater treatment plant in Tuscany, Italy. The CW wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) is composed of: equalization tank (70 m3); French Reed Bed (1200 m2); horizontal subsurface flow (HF) CW (960 m2): free water system (850 m2); optional post-treatment sand filter (50 m2); and emergency recirculation. The obtained average performances for this last period are for COD 97.5%, for MBAS 93.1%, for N-NO2- 84.7%, for NO3- 39.9%, and for TP 45.5%. The online sensor has shown excellent performance in following the COD concentration patterns along the observed period. The qualitative and quantitative validity of the online sensor measurements has been assessed by statistical analysis (t-test) and reported in the paper. Online data, acquired every 30 min, availability is of extreme importance for the CW system performance optimization, for understanding the behavior of the WWTP in different operative scenarios, and finally for driving the powering on or off eventual process enhancement tools.

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Litskas, Vassilis D., Nikolaos Tzortzakis, and Menelaos C. Stavrinides. "Determining the Carbon Footprint and Emission Hotspots for the Wine Produced in Cyprus." Atmosphere 11, no. 5 (May 3, 2020): 463. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11050463.

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International agreements and policies on climate change urge for a drastic reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to prevent a temperature rise above 2 °C at the end of the century. Determination of the product carbon footprint (CF), identifying carbon hotspots and examining ways for CF reduction is an essential step towards mitigation actions. Viticulture and winemaking are very important for the economy of Mediterranean regions, especially for the sustainability of rural areas. To determine the CF for wine, the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) approach was adopted with system boundaries from vineyard to market. Input data were collected from 20 vineyards on the island of Cyprus, where the indigenous Xynisteri variety is cultivated and from an SME winery that uses the grapes to produce wine. The winery CF was 99,586 kg CO2-eq for 76,000 bottles produced (1.31 kg/0.75 L bottle). The uncertainty factor was determined to be ±50%, which was considered adequate for the methodology followed. The share of electrical energy was 46%, of packaging 18% and of the vineyard 16%. Fuel (transportation and heating), as well as waste management (solid and wastewater) contributed 10% each to the CF. There is potential for mitigation of the CF by replacing the bottles currently used by lighter ones, lowering the energy use and reusing a part of the solid waste as fertilizer. Research towards eco-innovation of viticulture/winemaking is essential for reducing the footprint of the sector to promote sustainable wine production.

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Paschal, C., L. Gastory, J. H. Y. Katima, and K. N. Njau. "Application of up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor integrated with constructed wetland for treatment of banana winery effluent." Water Practice and Technology 12, no. 3 (August 1, 2017): 667–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2017.062.

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Agroprocessing constitutes sizeable industries in the Eastern Africa region discharging wastes into the environment. Proper management of industrial waste is perceived as expensive and enforcement of laws is weak. Generally, there is low awareness of environmental and socio-economic consequences of polluting the environment. The Banana Investment Limited (BIL) in Arusha Tanzania which produces banana wine from ripe bananas was discharging untreated wastewater into the environment. This project aimed at treating the BIL wastewater to meet environmental standards and recover nutrients, water and energy. The feeding wastewater to the up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) with flow rate of 62.4 m3/d had concentrations (mg/L) of chemical oxygen demand (COD) (4,959.3 ± 388.7), BOD5 (1,453.7 ± 110.3), total suspended solids (TSS) (2,431.0 ± 190.5), NH4+ (7.2 ± 1.1), NO3− (23.4 ± 3.2), PO43− (5.12 ± 0.73), volatile fatty acid (0.60 ± 0.09), and Alkalinity (60.00 ± 8.98). After 17 months of operation the system achieved removal efficiencies (%) of COD (99.0), BOD5 (98.6), TSS (96.0), NO3− (88.7), PO43− (50.8). There was a net generation of NH4+ (387.8%) in the system. The biogas produced in the UASB is collected at a rate of 163 m3/d and is used in the boiler at BIL. The dried sludge and the treated water are used for irrigation. The study concluded that integrating the bio-digestion process with polishing stage for water, nutrient and energy recovery ensures compliance to environmental law and provides incentive to treat wastewater while also mitigating greenhouse gases.

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Jobbágy, A., B. Literáthy, and G. Tardy. "Implementation of glycogen accumulating bacteria in treating nutrient-deficient wastewater." Water Science and Technology 46, no. 1-2 (July 1, 2002): 185–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2002.0475.

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Abstract:

Activated sludge treatment of nutrient-deficient wastes may lead to severe slime formation and consequent biomass separation difficulties. The purpose of this paper has been to show that bioreactor arrangement essentially influences the manner of biological excess carbon removal. In a comparative lab-scale experiment two differently arranged activated sludge systems were operated simultaneously: an aerated CSTR with an aerobic selector and an aerated CSTR with an anaerobic selector. The seed derived from an anaerobic/aerobic activated sludge plant of a winery. The model wastewater contained wine, sugar and acetic acid as organic carbon sources and lacked nutrients regarding both N and P, similarly to the influent of the full-scale plant. During the 52 days of the experiment the SVI values of the fully aerated system increased up to 600–800 cm3 g−1 whereas those of the anaerobic/aerobic system remained below 250 cm3 g−1. The SVI values showed a strict correlation with the amount of extracellular polysaccharides. In the anaerobic/aerobic experimental system, the high (40% of MLSS) intracellular polysaccharide content of the seed could be maintained. Besides the analytical data, also the microscopic observations of the biomass structure referred to the presence of glycogen accumulating organisms in both the lab- and full-scale anaerobic/aerobic systems.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Winery system'

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