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1
Macionis, Niki, and n/a. "Wine tourism in Australia : emergence, development and critical issues." University of Canberra. Communication, Media & Tourism, 1997. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060825.142128.
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Wine tourism has emerged as a strong and growing area of special interest tourism in Australia, and
as such it has become an increasingly significant component of the Australian regional tourism
product. The Australian Wine Foundation (1996) estimates total Australian wine tourism figures to
be in the order of 5.3 million visits per annum, worth $428 million in 1995 and which is expected
to grow substantially to around $1100 million by 2025. As a consequence, Australia's Federal and
State Governments and regional communities (including regional associations) are recognising the
benefits of promoting their wine districts as tourism attractions in their own right.
While the destinational appeal of wine regions and the concept of wine tourism is generally
acknowledged, research concerning wine tourism development, marketing and impacts is lacking.
Therefore, this thesis examines the nature and potential of wine tourism in Australia, and
documents its historical development and current status. The activities and initiatives of a number
of agencies involved in wine tourism development and marketing are also critically examined, and
significant wine tourism developmental issues are investigated through a case study of the
Canberra District, an emerging Australian wine region.
A number of developmental similarities between rural tourism and wine tourism are noted,
including: a lack of tourism and marketing awareness and knowledge by practitioners, and a lack of
industry integration and cohesion. These issues are compounded by the infancy of wine tourism
and the dominant product focus of wine makers and the Australian wine industry, resulting in the
absence of effective inter sectoral linkages. While a number of tourism agencies and wine industry
associations are pursuing wine tourism development initiatives, the success and sustainability of
these activities is dependent upon addressing various developmental issues.
2
Gabzdylova, Barbora. "Corporate social responsibility : environmental concern in New Zealand's wine industry : a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Commerce in the University of Canterbury /." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Management, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/879.
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Corporate social responsibility (CSR) has become a worldwide issue as organizations are under increasing pressure to behave in socially responsible ways. Environmental responsibility as a part of CSR is often connected with sustainability and protection the environment. This is of a significant importance to New Zealand and its 'clean' and 'green' image. One industry having an impact on the environment, and also having a strategic position in the economy of New Zealand is the wine industry. The aim of the research is to understand what motivates and sustains companies' CSR practices. This exploratory study examines (1) what drives the industry to engage in CSR practices, (2) the role of stakeholders in the company's decision making, and (3) CSR practices in the wine industry. A qualitative research approach supplemented by quantitative measures was adopted to answer the research questions. 24 case study organizations (wineries) were studied and 31 managers interviewed. The research found that the most important drivers of CSR practices are personal values, preferences and satisfaction with this profession. This is followed by product quality and customers' demand. Though New Zealand wine companies are also driven by the market; the market still does not value CSR initiatives and companies do not receive a price premium for sustainable or organically grown grapes. Furthermore, environmental regulations belong to important drivers affecting companies' decision-making. However, companies do not consider current New Zealand's regulations as significantly difficult to follow. On the other hand, companies want to preempt future regulations. The research also revealed that the most important stakeholders are owners, shareholders, customers, wholesalers and international businesses. The role of communication and ecolabelling is also discussed. As a result, the study proposes a typology matrix that differentiates organizations' involvement in CSR according to the extent of CSR practices and their drivers. This study contributes to understanding of the New Zealand wine industry status in environmental CSR at the present, the extent of drivers of proactive environmentalism and companies' stakeholders, and the description of a typology matrix of companies engaging in CSR. This contribution is valuable for those interested in CSR, and the future of New Zealand's wine industry.
3
Campbell, Willow Devin. "Spatial Analysis of Climate and Winegrape Production in Winegrape Growing Regions of Oregon, United States of America." PDXScholar, 2013. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1442.
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American Viticultural Areas (AVAs) are susceptible to small variations in climate and microclimates and are found within a narrow latitudinal range of prime climate conditions. These AVAs are geographically determined based on the best soil, climate, precipitation and temperature combinations for specific winegrape regions. As climate change continues to alter the local weather and the greater climate region of the Western United States, winegrape growing regions in Oregon are being affected. In an effort to determine what the pattern of change is, and compare previous studies of climate change using climate indices, a comparative study based in part on prior research was conducted. Using 800 meter resolution Parameter-elevation Regressions on Independent Slopes Model (PRISM) climate datasets, four individual climate indices were analyzed for statistical correlation with the climate data. These climate indices are: growing degree-days (GDD), the average growing season temperatures (GST), Huglin Index (HI) and the biologically effective degree-day (BEDD). Based on currently available data for this research, these climate indices were statistically analyzed during the years 2000 to 2010. A further avenue of research included a statistical analysis of the reported winegrape production, although this data was available only at an aggregated county-level. Results show that all four climate indices exhibit statistical significance, although the inclusion of the winegrape production data exhibited no statistical significance for many of the analyses, most likely due to subjective and aggregated data, few did result in significance with the climate indices. The research discussed here confirms the accuracy of the four climate indices and suggest that a longer time frame, coupled with less aggregated and subjective winegrape production data could produce interesting results in future research on the results of climate indices in winegrape growing regions.
4
Mahrová, Petra. "Rozvoj turistického programu v podniku Znovín Znojmo." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-224658.
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The diploma thesis deals with the possible development of a touristic program of Znovín Znojmo, a.s. company, based in Šatov in Velkopavlovická wine sub-region. There has been a deep examination of the chosen company done in order to analyze the company’s touristic programs and its activities. The analytical part defines the essential context for the development and implementation of the new touristic program. The actual proposal of the development of the touristic program in the chosen region includes a proposal of appropriate touristic activities connecting wine and local places of interest. The implementation of this project will ensure a better competitiveness and an increased number of customers of the company in the mentioned sub-region.
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Ribeiro, José Duarte Medeiros. "Between Bacchus and Dionysus: European Union policies on rural development: the cases of Nemea and Basto wine regions." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/15886.
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Mestrado em Planeamento Regional e UrbanoA actividade vitivinícola possui um conjunto diverso de características presentes no solo, território e comunidade que fazem parte do património cultural de uma determinada região. Quando a tradição se traduz num conceito como terroir que é formado por características territoriais, sociais e culturais de uma região rural, o vinho apresenta uma “assinatura” que se escreve “naturalmente” no paladar regionalmente identificado. Os vinhos da Região de Nemea, na Grécia e de Basto (Região dos Vinhos Verdes) em Portugal, estão ambos sob a proteção dos regulamentos das Denominações de Origem. No entanto, apesar de ambos serem regulados por sistemas institucionais de certificação e controlo de qualidade, afigura-se a necessidade de questionar se o património cultural e a identidade territorial específica, “impressa” em ambos os terroirs, pode ser protegida num sentido mais abrangente do que apenas origem e qualidade. Em Nemea, a discussão entre os produtores diz respeito ao estabelecimento de sub-zonas, isto é incluir na regulação PDO uma diferente categorização territorial com base no terroir. Ou seja, para além de estar presente no rótulo a designação PDO, as garrafas incluirão ainda informação certificada sobre a área específica (dentro do mesmo terroir) onde o vinho foi produzido. A acontecer resultaria em diferentes status de qualidade de acordo com as diferentes aldeias de Nemea onde as vinhas estão localizadas. O que teria possíveis impactos no valor das propriedades e no uso dos solos. Para além disso, a não participação da Cooperativa de Nemea na SON (a associação local de produtores de vinho) e como tal na discussão principal sobre as mudanças e os desafios sobre o terroir de Nemea constitui um problema no sector vitivinícola de Nemea. Em primeiro lugar estabelece uma relação de não-comunicação entre os dois mais importantes agentes desse sector – as companhias vinícolas e a Cooperativa. Em segundo lugar porque constituiu uma possibilidade real, não só para os viticultores ficarem arredados dessa discussão, como também (porque não representados pela cooperativa) ficar impossibilitado um consenso sobre as mudanças discutidas. Isto poderá criar um ‘clima’ de desconfiança levando a discussão para ‘arenas’ deslocalizadas e como tal para decisões ‘desterritorializadas’ Em Basto, há vários produtores que começaram a vender a sua produção para distribuidoras localizadas externamente à sub-região de Basto, mas dentro da Região dos Vinhos Verdes, uma vez que essas companhias tem um melhor estatuto nacional e internacional e uma melhor rede de exportações. Isto está ainda relacionado com uma competição por uma melhor rede de contactos e status mais forte, tornando as discussões sobre estratégias comuns para o desenvolvimento rural e regional de Basto mais difícil de acontecer (sobre isto a palavra impossível foi constantemente usada durante as entrevistas com os produtores de vinho). A relação predominante entre produtores é caracterizada por relações individualistas. Contudo foi observado que essas posições são ainda caracterizadas por uma desconfiança no interior da rede interprofissional local: conflitos para conseguir os mesmos potenciais clientes; comprar uvas a viticultores com melhor rácio qualidade/preço; estratégias individuais para conseguir um melhor status político na relação com a Comissão dos Vinhos Verdes. Para além disso a inexistência de uma activa intermediação institucional (autoridades municipais e a Comissão de Vinho Verde), a inexistência entre os produtores de Basto de uma associação ou mesmo a inexistência de uma cooperativa local tem levado a região de Basto a uma posição de subpromoção nas estratégias de promoção do Vinho Verde em comparação com outras sub-regiões. É também evidente pelos resultados que as mudanças no sector vitivinícolas na região de Basto têm sido estimuladas de fora da região (em resposta também às necessidades dos mercados internacionais) e raramente de dentro – mais uma vez, ‘arenas’ não localizadas e como tal decisões desterritorializadas. Nesse sentido, toda essa discussão e planeamento estratégico, terão um papel vital na preservação da identidade localizada do terroir perante os riscos de descaracterização e desterritorialização. Em suma, para ambos os casos, um dos maiores desafios parece ser como preservar o terroir vitivinícola e como tal o seu carácter e identidade local, quando a rede interprofissional em ambas as regiões se caracteriza, tanto por relações não-consensuais em Nemea como pelo modus operandi de isolamento sem comunicação em Basto. Como tal há uma necessidade de envolvimento entre os diversos agentes e as autoridades locais no sentido de uma rede localizada de governança. Assim sendo, em ambas as regiões, a existência dessa rede é essencial para prevenir os efeitos negativos na identidade do produto e na sua produção. Uma estratégia de planeamento integrado para o sector será vital para preservar essa identidade, prevenindo a sua desterritorialização através de uma restruturação do conhecimento tradicional em simultâneo com a democratização do acesso ao conhecimento das técnicas modernas de produção vitivinícola.
Wine growing and producing has a diverse set of characteristics that reflects on territory and the community of a region’s cultural heritage. In countries like Portugal and Greece, where the wine history is almost so long as the country’s history itself, this cultural heritage is deep rooted on a long past constructed tradition. When this tradition is translated into a concept like terroir that is embedded by specific territorial, social and cultural characteristics of a rural region, the wine bears a “signature” present on the “natural” taste regionally identified. On the recent years there is a renewed interest on the notion of terroir, where discussions arose about the preservation/re-creation of terroirs on the ongoing process of history. One of most used protection of wine terroirs lies on geographical indications property rights instruments. On the context of European Union the commonly used is Protected Designation of Origin (PDO), strongly influenced by the French appellation d’origine côntrolée (AOC). Nemea (Greece) and Basto (Portugal) are two high quality demarcated wines regions (VQPRD) under the protection of labels of origin that in legal terms have (commonly) the format of Geographical Indications (GIs). Despite both follow institutional overseeing certification systems and quality control, recent discussions have emerged on the reconstruction of local/traditional knowledge and thus on the reconstruction of both regions terroir’s. Therefore, those discussions arose challenges to rural development of the regions between the preservation of localness (implicit on the protection by labels of origin) and the threats of de-territorialization. In Nemea, the discussion among the wine producers concerns the establishment of sub-appellations. Therefore, if formally established, there will be included on the bottles (besides the general Nemea PDO label) certified labelling of the specific rural community (inside Nemea region). We observed that may result into different status of quality accordingly to different sub-zones of Nemea wine appellation. The opposers believe that this changes will have impacts on property values and also confusion between consumers regarding Nemea wine will be brought. Besides, the non-participation of Nemea Wine Cooperative on SON (the local interprofessional association of producers) and thus on the main table of the discussion about the changes on the terroir of Nemea, constitutes a problem on the chain of Nemea network. It establishes, at first, a non-communication between the two most important stakeholders in Nemea – the private wineries and the cooperative. Second, it constitutes a real possibility for, not only the rural community (farmers and other inhabitants that have a indirect relation with the wine economy) be set apart from the discussion as a important stakeholder, but also (because not represented by the cooperative) an overall consensus over the discussed changes will be almost impossible. This can create a ‘climate’ of distrust and driven the discussion through non-localized ‘arenas’ and thus to de-territorialized decisions. In Basto there are, increasingly, closer relations between wine producers and bigger companies located elsewhere than between themselves. This is related with a conflicting competition for stronger network and status, making discussions on common strategies for Basto wine region(al) rural development very difficult to take place (regarding this the word impossible was constantly used during interviews with wine producers). The predominant relation between producers is characterised by individualistic positions. However, we observed that those positions are augmented by the distrust within the local interprofessional network: struggling for the same potential clients; to buy (grapes) from vinegrowers with better price/quality ratio; conflicts for better social and political status on the relation with the Vinho Verde Commission. Furthermore, the lack of institutional active intermediation (municipal authorities and Vinho Verde Commission), the inexistence of a Basto wine producers association or even the inexistence of a local cooperative has leading to the sub-promotion position of Basto on Vinho Verde promotion schemes in comparison with others sub-regions. It was also evident from the results that the changes on Basto’s wine sector have been stimulated from outside (in response to international markets needs) and barely from within – once more, non-localized ‘arenas’ and thus deterritorialized decisions. In sum, for both cases, the main challenge appears to be how to preserve wine terroir and therefore its localness, when the interprofessional network is being driven in a way of, either non-consensus relations (Nemea) or isolated modus operandi without discussions at all (Basto). There is indeed a needed ‘spark’ for all involved actors and local authorities to come together – a necessity of localized governance networks. Therefore, in both wine regions, the existence of localized governance is essential to prevent the negative effects on terroir’s identity and wine production localness through strategical planning involving all stakeholders and political authorities both at local and regional level. This integrated strategical planning will only play a vital role to preserve localness over de-territorialisation if able to mobilize reterritorialization under a re-shaping of traditional knowledge along with the winemaking modern techniques.
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Tafel, Maximilian Carl [Verfasser], Gergely [Akademischer Betreuer] Szonoki, Roland [Akademischer Betreuer] Herrmann, Gergely [Gutachter] Szonoki, Roland [Gutachter] Herrmann, and Axel [Gutachter] Dreyer. "Investigating the Characteristics and the Economic Impact of Tourism in German Wine Regions / Maximilian Carl Tafel ; Gutachter: Gergely Szonoki, Roland Herrmann, Axel Dreyer ; Gergely Szonoki, Roland Herrmann." Geisenheim : Hochschule Geisenheim, 2021. http://d-nb.info/122984080X/34.
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Barnuud, Nyamdorj Namjildorj. "Determining climate change impacts on viticulture in Western Australia." Thesis, Curtin University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/1677.
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Global climate model simulations indicate 1.3°C to 1.8°C increase in the Earth’s average temperature by middle of this century above the 1980 to 1999 average. The magnitude and rate of change of this projected warming is greater than the average warming during the last century. Global climate models project an even higher degree of warming later in the century also due to increasing grrenhouse gases concentrations in the atmosphere from human activity. Impacts of future climate change on viticulture are likely to be significant as viticulture requires a narrow climate range to produce grapes of suitable quality for premium wine production.In this thesis, impacts of climate change on winegrape growing conditions across the Western Australian wine regions were spatially and temporally examined by utilising fine resolution downscaled climate projections. Relationships between climate variation and grape maturity or key quality attributes of Cabernet Sauvignon, Shiraz and Chardonnay were modelled from measured fruit and climate data along a natural climate gradient encompassing a 5°C range in winegrape growing season average temperature. Potential future climate change impacts on grape quality were quantitatively evaluated by driving the grape quality models with the downscaled climate projections.Analyses of climate conditions for winegrape growth were carried out under future climate projections for the Western Australian wine regions. A total of 10 global climate models forced with an A2 emission scenario were downscaled. Of these models, the MEDRES Miroc3.2 and CSIRO Mk3.5 climate models, which indicated the low and high warming ranges (projections of these models will be referred as low and high range warming, hereafter) across the study regions, were selected to take into account the uncertainty of future climate change for impact assessment. Our results indicate increasingly warmer and drier climate conditions for the Western Australian wine regions. The current October to April average temperature (averaged across the regions) is projected to be 0.5°C to 1.5°C warmer by 2030, respectively. The magnitude of the warming will likely be uneven across the regions. For example, 0.1 to 0.3°C higher average temperature during October to April period has been projected for the northern regions than the southern regions by 2030, depending on the warming ranges. On the other hand, rainfall is projected to decrease across the regions under the future scenario we assessed in this study. By 2030, annual rainfall, averaged across the regions, is projected to decline by 5 to 8%, respectively, under the low and high warming ranges of climate change under the A2 emission scenario. Among seasons, the greatest decline in rainfall is projected to occur during spring. On average, up to 8% and 19% decline in spring rainfall is projected respectively under the low and high warming ranges by 2030.The magnitude of these changes are projected to increase as time progresses. For example, by 2070, averaged across the study regions, our modelling results show current mean temperature during October to April is projected to be between 1.1°C and 3.9°C warmer, but the annual rainfall is likely to be 15 to 24% lower than the current climate averages (1975 to 2005) under the A2 scenario.Maturity dates of the studied varieties are projected to advance asymmetrically across the study regions. For example, Cabernet Sauvignon may reach 22 °Brix total soluble solid maturity about 4 and 7 days earlier respectively for the northern and the southern regions by 2030 under the low warming range. Our results also indicate maturity date shifting a further 8 and 18 days earlier by 2070 for the northern and the southern regions respectively under the same warming range. Patterns of this maturity date shifting is likely to be similar under the high warming range. However, the magnitude of advancement is projected to be doubled.If no adaptive measures are implemented future climate change will likely reduce wine quality due to declining concentrations of berry anthocyanins and acidity under a warmer climate. The reductions of berry quality attributes are likely to be more pronounced in the warmer northern wine regions compared to the cooler southern regions. For example, Cabernet Sauvignon current median anthocyanins concentration is projected to decline by about 12% and 33% for the warmer northern regions, and about 6 to 18% for the cooler southern wine regions respectively by 2030 and 2070 under the high warming range. In contrast, the maximum decline in Cabernet Sauvignon anthocyanin concentration under the lower warming range is projected to be small, up to 5% for the cooler southern and up to 8% for the warmer northern regions by 2070. Shiraz anthocyanins concentration decrease pattern is similar to that of Cabernet Sauvignon, however, our modelling indicates the magnitude is smaller, with maximum of 18% for Swan District and about 11% for the southern regions by 2070 under the high warming range.Modelled impacts of climate change on grape titratable acidity are also region and variety specific. Among the varieties studied, Chardonnay exhibits the highest decline in median titratable acidity across the regions (17% for the Margaret River and 42% for the Swan District regions), followed by Shiraz (7% for the Margaret River and 15% for the Peel regions) and Cabernet Sauvignon (no change for Blackwood and 12% for the Swan District regions) by 2070 under high climate warming. On the other hand, the median titratable acidity levels are less impacted by low warming scenario (maximum decline is 4% for Shiraz only by 2070).Under the future warming scenarios studied in this thesis currently established wine regions and wine styles across the Western Australian wine regions are likely to be affected to the extent that some regions may not be conducive to premium wine production, while for some regions changing the variety may be the only option to adapt to the climate change. For example, by 2070, under high warming range Swan District, Perth Hills, and some parts of the Peel and Geographe regions are projected to be suited more to producing fortified wines or table grapes due to high average growing season temperature (>24°C). In this future climate the present cool climate southern regions are likely to have the same climate conditions that currently prevail in the warmer Swan District. Apparent differences in currently planted varieties between the cooler southern and warmer northern regions clearly indicate the need to adapt to the warming climate in the southern wine regions.Analysis of other potential factors that influence viticulture such as frequency of hot days, vapour pressure deficit and disease pressure were examined. The results indicated that winegrape fungal disease pressure will likely decrease across the regions due to the declining rainfall, potentially lessening the need for spraying during the growing season. On the other hand, there will likely be increased frequency of hot days and elevated vapour pressure deficit. The impacts of these, combined with the decreasing rainfall during growing season will potentially drive irrigation demand higher requiring altered water management under climate change.Climatically, most of the Western Australian wine regions are known as premium wine producing areas. The results from this study indicate potential challenges of climate change for the Western Australian wine industry. Under the future climate scenarios examined, some currently warmer regions may become less suitable for premium quality wines due to the increased temperature, which is projected to be out of the optimum temperature range for premium wine production. For most of the other regions, the challenge will likely be a decreased grape quality required to produce premium wine with the current varieties. Suitable adaptation strategies may be required to maintain the current market reputation. Furthermore, the warmer and drier conditions under climate change is likely to necessitate revised water management across the wine growing regions, especially some regions which are already limited by available water for grape production. However, the magnitude of the impacts is projected to be dependent upon the magnitude of future climate change.
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Kovesdi, Zsófia. "Optimizing wine quality in Australia, Coonawarra wine region: vinification and fermentation control management in Shiraz wine. Internship report." Master's thesis, ISA, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/19578.
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European Master of Science in Viticulture and Oenology - Instituto Superior de Agronomia / Institut National d'Etudes Superieures Agronomiques de MontpellierThis paper presents an internship at Balnaves of Coonawarra winery and describes the specialties of the wine region trough the current technologies both in winemaking and viticulture. The biggest concern of the region is the global warming increasing average temperature and CO2 content in the air which can effect on grape maturity, and increase oenological parameters such as pH, sugar and alcohol level. Thus, temperature influences grape development, especially the breakdown of acids and berry color development. In this study, a Shiraz (Vitis vinifera L.) vintage 2018 harvested with high maturity level and potential alcohol was monitored during alcoholic and malolactic fermentation. Oenological parameter were collected from the date of harvest to investigate the possibility of quality optimization and reduction of microbiological spoilage. To overcome the problem of high sugar media and high pH must corrections were made. The organoleptic results showed minimal difference in the evaluated wines qualities concluding that with using correct winemaking technologies wine quality can be increased in case of overripe grape harvest. This is a promising view on winemaking in climate change; considering Balnaves of Coonawarra winemaking technologies could increase fermentation efficiency and closing the gap for potential spoilage in wine
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Ostrander, Joseph Bernard. "REGIONAL WINE REPUTATION: HOW IT INFLUENCES TRADE AND CONSUMER PURCHASING BEHAVIOR." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2015. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1514.
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ABSTRACT
Regional Wine Reputation: How It Influences Trade
and Consumer Purchasing Behavior
Joseph Bernard Ostrander
What are wine trade buyers and wine consumers willing to pay for a bottle of wine based on the reputation of the grape growing region apart from existing corporate branding reputation, variety popularity, or accolades from industry periodicals and celebrity wine critics? Results from a previous study discovered how attitudes about place-of-origin influenced consumer perceptions regarding the quality associated with the wines from that region. Related research also looked at how wine prices depended on the quality associated with a wine region’s reputation when linked to older, and better known wine regions from different countries. The purpose of this research was to examine the attitudes of wine trade buyers and wine consumers to determine how much of an influence American Viticulture Areas (AVAs) have on their purchasing decisions.
A trade survey was conducted during November and December 2014 and sent via email to 1,778 wine trade contacts that were provided by a well-known winery in San Luis Obispo County. Final responses numbered 152 (8.5%) from trade businesses located in the U.S. The majority of participants were from Florida (24%) and California (22%), with 71% being on-premise sales channels while 29% were retail off-premise outlets.
Respondents to the trade survey were asked to rank eight different desirability factors about the wines they selected for resale. The two most desirable features indicated were: 1) Quality product; and 2) Reputation of wine region. However, the choice of wine From a well-known AVA, was only a somewhat to very desirable trait. This could suggest that the wine trade is either unaware or unsure of what an AVA is. Of the 152 wine trade respondents that were asked how often they make a decision to purchase one wine versus another based on where it was produced, 43% indicated they always, or very often do so. Moreover, 81% of the trade respondents indicated that a wine’s place-of-origin did influence their purchasing decision at least somewhat often.
A related survey involving 302 wine consumers was conducted in San Luis Obispo County during October 2014 and February 2015. Responses were collected outside selected grocery stores using the personal interview method. The survey demographics of those consumers that participated in the study were similar to the MRI+ statistics of domestic wine consumers, although there was a higher proportion of younger respondents in the current sample.
Wine consumers were also asked to rate six different features by desirability when making a decision to purchase wine. The two most desirable features indicated by respondents were: 1) Good value for quality; and 2) Varietal. However, wine selected From a respected region, was considered only a somewhat desirable trait. These findings were not surprising since 16% of the total consumers also indicated they did not know the place-of-origin of the wines they purchased. Likewise, 60% of consumers always, or very often Read the label to learn where the wine was produced, while only 38% indicated they always, or very often Make a decision to purchase one wine versus another based on where the wine was produced.
Results suggest that for the typical wine consumer the grape growing region is not an important factor when making a purchasing decision. Conversely, wine trade decision makers do consider a wine’s place-of-origin an important factor when they select wines for their restaurants, wine bar menus, and outlet shelves. Consequently, wine regions should prioritize efforts toward educating the wine trade by highlighting the quality of their area’s winegrowing practices.
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Scott, David G. (David George). "Developing the vine : commercialisation and commodification of the wine tourism product in the Stellenbosch Wine Region." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/16443.
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Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2004.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Wine tourism is emerging as an increasingly significant phenomenon in wine-producing regions throughout the world. The Stellenbosch Wine Region (SWR) is no exception and has experienced dramatic changes in the last decade. However, despite the documented industry development and rapid participant expansion, there has been insufficient systematic study of the extent, development, management and marketing of the wine tourism product provided by wine farms. This study investigates the SWR in terms of the commercial efforts, initiatives, services, facilities and the commodification of resources that occur on wine farms to form the wine tourism product. The aim of the study is to establish the degree of commercialisation and commodification in the SWR. This is achieved through realising three research objectives, namely ���������� compiling a thorough and complete list of manifestations and indicators that describe commercialisation and commodification in the wine tourism product on wine farms; ���������� establishing the degree of commercialisation and commodification at each individual wine farm in the research area; and ���������� portraying and analysing the spatial distribution of the degrees of commercialisation and commodification. A focus group of twelve individuals involved with wine tourism allocated relative importance weightings for each of the 81 identified manifestations and indicators of commercialisation and commodification compiled in the questionnaire that was distributed to the wine farms in the study area. The questionnaire required respondents to indicate the presence or absence of the listed manifestations or indicators on their respective farms. This data, used in conjunction with the importance weightings, facilitated the calculation of a value representing the degree of commercialisation and commodification for each farm, and so too for the SWR. The study results confirmed the importance of commercialisation and commodification with every wine farm having some form of these phenomena and the SWR having a 38 percent average degree of commercialisation and commodification. Of the five wine routes in the SWR, the Stellenbosch Hills route has the highest degree of commercialisation and commodification with 42 percent.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die opkoms van wyntoerisme is ‘n toenemend betekenisvolle verskynsel in wynstreke dwarsoor die wêreld. Die Stellenbosch Wynstreek (SWS) is geen uitsondering nie en het dramatiese veranderinge oor die laaste dekade ervaar. Ten spyte van die gedokumenteerde ontwikkeling in die bedryf en die vinnige deelnemer uitbreiding, is daar nie genoegsame sistematiese studie van die omvang, ontwikkeling, bestuur en bemarking van die wyntoerismeproduk, gelewer deur die wynplase, nie. Hierdie studie ondersoek die SWS in terme van die kommersiële pogings, inisiatiewe, dienste, fasiliteite en die kommodifikasie van hulpbronne wat op wynplase gevind word om die wyntoerismeproduk te vorm. Die doel van die studie is om die graad van kommersialisering en kommodifikasie in die SWS vas te stel. Dit word bereik deur die realisering van drie navorsingsdoelwitte, naamlik ��������� die definiëring van ‘n volledige en deeglike lys van manifestasies en indikatore wat die kommersialisering en kommodifikasie van die wyntoerismeproduk op wynplase beskryf; ��������� die bepaling van die graad van kommersialisering en kommodifikasie by elke wynplaas in die navorsingsgebied; en ��������� die uitbeelding en analisering van die ruimtelike verspreiding van die grade van kommersialisering en kommodifikasie. ‘n Fokusgroep, bestaande uit twaalf individue betrokke in wyntoerisme, het relatiewe belangrikheidsgewigte toegeken aan elk van die geїdentifiseerde manifestasies en indikatore van kommersialisering en kommodifikasie, wat saamgevoeg is in die vraelyste wat versprei is na die onderskeie wynplase in die studiegebied. Die respondente moes die teenwoordigheid of afwesigheid van die gelyste manifestasies aandui. Hierdie data, saam met die belangrikheidsgewigte, is aangewend om waardes te bereken wat die graad van kommersialisering en kommodifikasie van elke wynplaas, asook die SWS, verteenwoordig. Die navorsing bevestig die belangrikheid van kommersialisering en kommodifikasie en elke plaas is gekenmerk deur vorme van hierdie verskynsels met die SWS wat ‘n 38 persent gemiddelde graad van kommersialisering en kommodifikasie behaal. Van die vyf wynroetes in die SWS, het die Stellenbosch Hills-roete die hoogste graad van kommersialisering en kommodifikasie vertoon, naamlik 42 persent.
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Kauper, Ronald, and Rene Steinbauer. "Regionalprofil der Region "Wien - Bratislava"." Institut für Regional- und Umweltwirtschaft, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2007. http://epub.wu.ac.at/1348/1/document.pdf.
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Puppová, Andrea. "Mezinárodní obchod vínem se zaměřením na víno francouzské a region Alsasko." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-204955.
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The aim of this Diploma´s thesis is to analyze the international wine trade and to characterize the position occupied by wine from France and more specifically by wine from the Alsace region. The author also seeks to specify the status of these wines on the Czech market. The thesis firstly focuses on the international wine trade, thus the wine history, world's wine regions, production, export, import, consumption, international organizations and characteristics of the wine sector within the EU. Then, it deals with the topics mentioned above in direct connection with France and the Alsace region. The last part of the thesis evaluates with help of surveys conducted among Czech consumers, importers and French wine exporters the status of French and Alsatian wines on the Czech market.
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Castellanos, Ossa Paola. "Wind-driven currents in the coastal and equatorial upwelling regions." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/119266.
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During the last two decades the scientific community has recognised the importance of the tropical Atlantic Ocean and the upwelling regions on the Earth's climate. This recognition has opened new questions such as: ¿What are the mechanisms for the ocean to adjust to variations in atmospheric forcing?, ¿Is there any indirect relation between the atmospheric seasonal cycle and the response of the surface ocean?, ¿How are the meridional boundary flows connected with the zonal jets in the interior ocean?, ¿What is the relevance of these processes in the redistribution of properties such as water mass, heat and fresh water?
In this dissertation we explore several elements that determine the effect of the surface wind stress onto the processes within the near-surface ocean. The work focuses on recognizing the (subinertial) response mechanisms of the ocean surface to the spatial and temporal wind variations in two upwelling regions: a coastal region off Northwest Africa, in the area near Cape Blanc, and an oceanic region, in the equatorial Atlantic. With this purpose we use in situ and satellite data as well as numerical data from a high-resolution circulation model. The analysis of these data has been done with several methodologies, in some cases requiring substantial developments and tuning for local applications.
The implementation of the Maximum Cross-Correlation Method has allowed determining some of the characteristics of the instantaneous and mean surface fields, during winter and spring, in the upwelling region north and south of Cape Blanc. We have identified three regions which are characterized by different responses to short-time changes of the along-shore wind stress. North of Cape Blanc stands out the intensity of the coastal baroclinic jet, in the Cape Verde basin the mesoscalar structures are relatively weak and large, and off Cape Blanc there is along-shore convergence which traduces in the formation of a normal-to-shore giant surface filament.
The analyses of time series corresponding to several upwelling indexes show that the atmospheric forcing and the oceanic response are different north and south of Cape Blanc and during the first and second trimester of the year. The total subinertial flux may be represented as the combination of a surface Ekman flux (calculated as the Ekman transport divided by the thickness of the surface mixed layer) and the surface geostrophic current (deduced from altimetry satellite images). One of the most relevant results is that the temporal and spatial changes in the normal-to-shore Ekman transport influence the intensity of the geostrophic (baroclinic) coastal jet, therefore affecting the corresponding along-shore convergence (e.g. becoming intensified off Cape Blanc) and the offshore transport of upwelled waters.
The dissertation has also aimed at understanding the patterns of seasonal variability in the equatorial Atlantic Ocean through the statistical analysis of time series of sea level pressure, sea surface wind stress, sea surface height, and the circulation of the near-surface ocean. The data reveals a predominant annual component in all these variables, closely related to the latitudinal oscillation of the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone. The equatorial divergence of the Ekman transport is well correlated with the intensity of the zonal system of equatorial currents, which includes the Equatorial Undercurrent and its northern and southern branches. Additionally, the seasonal appearance of the North Equatorial Counter Current during (boreal) summer and fall is related to the meridional convergence of the Ekman transport during those same seasons, which leads to a temporal rise of sea level and the generation of an eastward current in geostrophic balance. In general, the divergence/convergence of meridional Ekman transport is dominant in the northern hemisphere and of lesser relevance in the southern hemisphere.Durante las últimas dos décadas la comunidad científica internacional ha pasado a reconocer la importancia del Océano Atlántico tropical y las regiones de afloramiento en el clima terrestre. Este reconocimiento ha abierto nuevos interrogantes, tales como: ¿Cuáles son los mecanismos de ajuste del océano a las variaciones en el forzamiento atmosférico?, ¿Existe algún tipo de relación indirecta entre el ciclo estacional atmosférico y la respuesta del océano superficial?, ¿Cómo se conectan los flujos oceánicos meridionales en los contornos con los flujos zonales en el océano interior?, ¿Cuál es la importancia de estos procesos en la redistribución de propiedades tales como masa, calor y agua dulce? En esta tesis se exploran diversos elementos que determinan el efecto del esfuerzo del viento superficial sobre los procesos que ocurren en el océano superficial. El trabajo se centra en reconocer cuales son los mecanismos (subinerciales) de respuesta de la superficie del océano a las variaciones espaciales y temporales del viento en dos regiones de afloramiento: una costera al Noroeste de África, en el área cercana a Cabo Blanco, y otra oceánica, en el Atlántico ecuatorial. Para ello se emplean observaciones in situ, datos satelitales y datos numéricos provenientes de un modelo de circulación de alta resolución. El análisis de estos datos se ha realizado con diversas metodologías, cuya aplicación en algunos casos ha requerido un esfuerzo substancial de desarrollo y puesta a punto. La implementación del método de Máximas Correlaciones Cruzadas ha permitido determinar algunas de las características de los campos instantáneos y medios de velocidades superficiales, durante invierno y primavera, en la región del afloramiento de Cabo Blanco. Se han identificando tres regiones caracterizadas por tener respuestas distintas a los cambios que el viento paralelo a la costa experimenta en escalas temporales cortas. Al norte de Cabo Blanco destaca la intensidad del chorro baroclino costero, en la cuenca de Cabo Verde se aprecian estructuras mesoscalares relativamente débiles y grandes, y frente a Cabo Blanco existe convergencia paralela a costa que se traduce en flujo normal a costa en forma de un gran filamento superficial. El análisis de las series temporales de diversos índices de afloramiento muestra que los forzamientos atmosféricos y las respuestas oceánicas son distintas al norte y sur de Cabo Blanco y durante el primer y segundo trimestre del año. El flujo subinercial resultante se puede representar como la combinación de un flujo superficial de Ekman (calculado como el transporte de Ekman dividido por la profundidad de la capa de mezcla) y la corriente geostrófica superficial (deducida a partir de imágenes satelitales de altimetría). Uno de los resultados más relevantes es que los cambios espaciales y temporales en el transporte de Ekman perpendicular a costa influyen sobre la intensidad del chorro geostrófico (baroclíno) costero, y por tanto afectan su convergencia a lo largo de la costa intensificándose, por ejemplo, frente a Cabo Blanco) y la transferencia neta de aguas afloradas hacia el océano interior. La tesis también se ha encaminado a investigar los patrones de variabilidad estacional del Océano Atlántico ecuatorial, a través del análisis estadístico de series temporales de presión a nivel de mar, esfuerzo cortante del viento sobre la superficie oceánica, elevación del océano superficial, y la circulación oceánica superficial. Los datos revelan una fuerte componente anual en estas variables, estrechamente vinculada con la oscilación meridional de la Zona de Convergencia Intertropical. La divergencia ecuatorial del transporte de Ekman se correlaciona adecuadamente con la intensidad del sistema de corrientes zonales ecuatoriales, que incluyen la Corriente Ecuatorial Subsuperficial y sus ramales norte y sur. Asimismo, la aparición estacional de la Contra-Corriente Ecuatorial durante verano y otoño (boreal) se relaciona con la convergencia meridional en el transporte de Ekman que tiene lugar durante estas épocas, lo cual conduce a una subida del nivel del mar y la generación de una corriente hacia el este en balance geostrófico. En general se aprecia que los procesos de divergencia/convergencia del transporte meridional de Ekman son dominantes en el hemisferio norte y de menor relevancia en el hemisferio sur. Finalmente, con el fin de comprender mejor la dinámica ecuatorial, se ha desarrollado un modelo sencillo que permite cuantificar el aporte de la divergencia de Ekman al flujo zonal en varias bandas zonales características. Se han identificado dos condiciones típicas extremas, en primavera y otoño, y se han calculado la divergencia/convergencia meridional a través de líneas definidas por un máximo en la elevación de la superficie del mar. Bajo la suposición de que el transporte zonal cerca del contorno oriental (aquí tomada a una longitud de 0º) es nulo, se estima que la franja ecuatorial presenta, en su margen occidental, valores máximos de transporte correspondientes a 58 Sv en primavera y 27 Sv durante otoño, cuyo origen es el sistema de corrientes de frontera oeste.
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Ritchie, Jennifer Leigh. "Hedonic Price Analysis of Cool Climate Wines in Selected Regions." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2011. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/606.
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Many economists have estimated hedonic price models for wine. The price of wine is thought to represent the various characteristics that differentiate each bottle, assuming that the majority of consumers use price as a signal of quality. The objective of this paper is to identify and examine what factors impact cool climate wine varietals by region based on various attributes. It uses two datasets, one from the Wine Spectator and the other from Beverages and More, an outlet of a liquor store chain in San Luis Obispo, California. The analysis aims to determine which variables impact the price of wine and by what magnitude. Variables include variety, region, quality ratings by price category, number of cases and gallons produced, vintage, alcohol content, cork type, and various label attributes.
This study is unique as hedonic price analysis is used as an extension of a unique product category. Past literature has shown a growing interest in cool climate wine production and that cool climate regions are preferred to other regions.
This study examines an emerging varietal, Riesling, in addition to other popular varieties including Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc and Pinot Noir. As Riesling thrives in cooler climates, it is becoming an increasingly popular variety among both producers and consumers.
Unlike other studies that tend to incorporate mostly New World regions, this study is expanded to include more regions and other attributes that may be important when making wine purchasing decisions. It also considers the possibility that there is a consumer demand difference between Old World and New World cool climate regions. Specifically for both red and white varietals, New World wines have increased in volume sales, whereas Old World wines volume sales have decreased. In addition, many economists have estimated hedonic price functions using expert scores. However, this study is unique to others as it expands the use of quality ratings by including interaction terms to express both wine-quality and price-quality relationships.
The study confirms the results of previous literature, concluding that the majority of all variables identified significantly influence the price of wine. Previous economic and statistic research related to wine focuses on topics that are important for warm climate wines, while issues concerning cool climate wines are understudied. Thus, there is a need for research that focuses exclusively on cool climate wines.
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Stober, Gunter, Christoph Jacobi, and Dierk Kürschner. "Mesopause region temperatures over Collm (51.3° N, 13° E)." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-221943.
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Seit August 2004 wird am geophysikalischen Observatorium Collm (51.3° N, 13° E) ein SKiYMET Meteor-Radar betrieben. Dieses liefert seitdem kontinuierliche Temperaturwerte und Windmessungen. Die Grundlage des Messverfahrens stellt ein stetiger Fluss von Meteoren dar, die in einer Höhe von 75-105 km verglühen. Aus den mit dem Radar bestimmten Positionen der Meteore können Temperaturen in der Mesopausenregion abgeschätzt werden. Für die Darstellung des Jahresganges wurden Tagesmittelwerte genutzt. Dabei tritt im Sommer ein Temperaturminimum mit ca. 170 K auf. Im Winter ist die Situation durch Temperaturen von 205 K und starker planetarer Wellenaktivität gekennzeichnet. Desweiteren konnte eine Klimatologie für die ganz-, halbtägigen und 8-stündigen Gezeiten erstellt werdenSince August 2004 a SKiYMET meteor-Radar is operated at the geophysical Observatory Collm, Germany (51.3° N, 13° E). The radar provides a continuous time series of temperature and wind measurements. The bases for this method is a steady flux of meteors entering the earth’s atmosphere. In an altitude between 75-105 km they form a cylindrical plasma trail, which reflects radar signals. Hence the system can determine the positions of the meteors, which are used to estimate mesopause region temperatures. For the diagram of the seasonal change we used daily mean temperatures. The summer shows a temperature minimum with 170 K. During the Winter we observed temperatures about 205 K and a stronger planetary wave activity. Another part was the generation of a climatology for the diurnal, semidiurnal und terdiurnal tide
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Xaba, Gloria Sibongile Zanele. "Improving the viability of a regional government funded trade promotion organisation : a case study." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10734.
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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 93-101).The objective of this dissertation is to understand the critical elements that are needed to ensure the viability of a government funded regional trade promotion organisation. This is done by using the Western Cape Trade and Investment Promotion Agency of the Western Cape (Wesgro) as a case study. The mandate of Wesgro is (a) to attract and facilitate foreign and domestic direct investment into the Western Cape, (b) to grow exports of products and services of the Western Cape through development of export capability, demand and market access, (c) to market the Western Cape as a competitive business destination within the national and international arenas. The mandate aims to contribute to the strengthening of the province and promote equitable participation in the economy by sectors of the community and all regions of the province.
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Prosapio, Luci Katherine. "The impact of socio-economic development initiatives on the perceptions of wine farm labourers in the Cape Town wine region." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1021013.
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The South African wine industry faces unique challenges in the socio-economic development of its farm labourers due to its historical context and development over the past three centuries. A long history of malpractice, a lasting paternalistic mentality, and only partial compliance to regulations to reduce inequality and improve livelihoods for farm labourers hinders the success of industry-wide transformation. Despite studies regarding the current state of living and working conditions in the wine industry and types of socio-economic development needed for successful transformation, little research has been done to address whether these initiatives are creating a lasting impact on the well-being of labourers. Research on current intervention strategies aimed at empowering labourers must take into account the origin of wine in the Cape region, the legacy of Apartheid, and the current state of socio-economic inequality amongst wine industry workers. The purpose of this research is to provide a better understanding of how and to what degree initiatives and programmes designed for socio-economic development are actually making an impact within the industry. The central research question asks: “to what extent has socio-economic development initiatives aimed at the transformation of wine farm labourers influenced perceptions of well-being?” This research combines both document analysis and qualitative comparative case study methods in assessing the impact these initiatives have had on labourers’ perceptions and attitudes towards personal development and a better standard of living. At the end of the study, the researcher wants to know how the labourers perceive socio-economic initiatives; do they actually believe themselves has having gained increased levels of respect, dignity, and equality, and have these perceptions been impacted by current socio-economic initiatives?.
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Aquino, Marcio Henrique Oliveira de. "Regional approach to wide area DGPS." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.287196.
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Xu, Yizhong. "Wind shielding analysis for cold regions using experimental and numerical techniques." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/17237.
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The thesis presents a systematic experimental and numerical study on the interactions among porous fence, airflow, and windblown snowdrifts, a knowledge that will contribute to optimize the performance of porous wind shielding system in Cold Regions. A comprehensive review of the concepts, theories, techniques, and key findings associated with the research work has been undertaken. The key technical parameters influencing fence performance have been systematically studied by means of wind tunnel experimental investigations and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations. The study has found that porosity is the most influential structural parameter affecting the performance of porous fences in many aspects. Fence height stands a significant positive position in terms of its performance. It was found that fence performance is not sensitive to the changes of approaching atmospheric airflow velocity. Nevertheless, a bottom gap can improve snow fence trap efficiency. All of those findings agree with most of the findings of other researchers, which affirms that the research methodology adopted in this research is sound. Physical experimental work was performed to assess the reliability and credibility of the numerical models. Those models have been intentionally simplified, which made them easier to construct and quicker to obtain numerical solutions at a lower computational cost. Furthermore, the numerical models demonstrate the level of competence acquired through this research that is implemented in the optimisation of fence design. Special attention has been paid to the issues where elaborate research work has not been systematically reached in the open literature, this includes areas such as the effects of arrangement of porous holes, fence surface shear, and directions of wind load with respect to the fence, etc. Correlation between the reattachment length, the shelter distance, and the creation and distribution of fence surface shear is reported, to the author's knowledge, for the first time in the open literature. General guidelines for the design of shelters based on porous fences have been established through this study. For example, the desirable size of hole range should be identified beforehand, and porous holes with sharp angular corners should usually be avoided in the fence design. It is recommended to place the fence within an angle of 30° to the wind load, where the effective shelter distance can be estimated in a linearized equation, and the normal drag coefficient can be described as a function of cos2θ. Optimal design of the arrangement of porous holes will maximize the fence performance, especially when the close fence environment is of concern. Although the definition of fence effective zone is still vague in the research field, the key factors influencing the fence effective zone have been investigated by evaluating the reduction of wind velocity leeward of the fence in this thesis. It is found that the fence effective zone is not sensitive to the change of approaching airflow velocity, and that increasing fence height will increase the physical size of the fence effective zone, but not in a proportional manner. It is also concluded that fence effective zone will be significantly reduced when the non-normal wind load is inclined at an angle greater than 30° to the fence. The effective zone increases effectively when the fence porosity is optimal. In contrast to the majority of published research work, the transient snow transport model presented in this work considers the snow transport rate as a whole without distinguishing the rate in saltation and suspension layer. The numerical study indicated that the position of the snow crest is mainly determined by the fence height, while porosity and bottom gap mainly affect the downwind deposition length. The optimal porosity for snow fences is in the range of 0.4 to 0.5, which is greater than the one for wind fences, which lies in the range from 0.25 to 0.35. Two snow crests have been observed leeward the fence at the onset of snow deposition, when the fence was placed without a bottom gap to the snow ground. This finding has not been encountered in any of the reported research work. Wind tunnel simulations of snowdrift around the fences have marginally under-predicted the sizes of snow deposition. The numerical predictions were quantitatively and qualitatively in good agreement with the field observations. This incompetence of wind tunnel experiments on porous fences implies that numerical modelling can play a more important role in snow fence research.
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van, Tol Inès. "Regional rebranding through wine tourism and organic viticulture : A case of small to medium wine domains in Beaujolais, France." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och industriell teknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-446107.
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This research is a case study on the wine producing region of Beaujolais, France. It investigates the potential that organic wine tourism, which promotes the benefits of responsible wine production methods, has to positively rebrand Beaujolais. Indeed, the region has suffered from a bad reputation for the past decades, even though an increasing number of small to medium domains have started producing organic wine. Mixed methods have been used to investigate the extent to which the demand of potential tourists meets the supply of organic wine tourism activities that the previously mentioned domains are able/willing to provide. A questionnaire analysis has revealed that a diverse range of people living in the nearby area are curious about organic wine tourism and would therefore enjoy tasting organic wines at small domains, even though they do not know much about the topic. However, interviews with owners/managers of small organic wine domains have revealed that they currently face too many obstacles to properly answer the demand for organic wine tourism. Furthermore, they identify wine industry professionals as their prefered visitor target, rather than regular tourists such as the ones having answered the questionnaire. As a result, the supply of alternative wine tourism initiatives by small organic domains does not currently live up to the expectations of the customer segment wishing to experience organic wine tourism.
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Stober, Gunter, Christoph Jacobi, and Dierk Kürschner. "Mesopause region temperatures over Collm (51.3° N, 13° E)." Universität Leipzig, 2006. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A15491.
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Seit August 2004 wird am geophysikalischen Observatorium Collm (51.3° N, 13° E) ein SKiYMET Meteor-Radar betrieben. Dieses liefert seitdem kontinuierliche Temperaturwerte und Windmessungen. Die Grundlage des Messverfahrens stellt ein stetiger Fluss von Meteoren dar, die in einer Höhe von 75-105 km verglühen. Aus den mit dem Radar bestimmten Positionen der Meteore können Temperaturen in der Mesopausenregion abgeschätzt werden. Für die Darstellung des Jahresganges wurden Tagesmittelwerte genutzt. Dabei tritt im Sommer ein Temperaturminimum mit ca. 170 K auf. Im Winter ist die Situation durch Temperaturen von 205 K und starker planetarer Wellenaktivität gekennzeichnet. Desweiteren konnte eine Klimatologie für die ganz-, halbtägigen und 8-stündigen Gezeiten erstellt werden.Since August 2004 a SKiYMET meteor-Radar is operated at the geophysical Observatory Collm, Germany (51.3° N, 13° E). The radar provides a continuous time series of temperature and wind measurements. The bases for this method is a steady flux of meteors entering the earth’s atmosphere. In an altitude between 75-105 km they form a cylindrical plasma trail, which reflects radar signals. Hence the system can determine the positions of the meteors, which are used to estimate mesopause region temperatures. For the diagram of the seasonal change we used daily mean temperatures. The summer shows a temperature minimum with 170 K. During the Winter we observed temperatures about 205 K and a stronger planetary wave activity. Another part was the generation of a climatology for the diurnal, semidiurnal und terdiurnal tide.
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Al-Kayiem, Hussain Hammod. "Separated flow on a high lift wing : a study of the characteristics of the separated flow region on a lift wing under normal and wing/body conditions by means of a flying hot-wire technique." Thesis, University of Bradford, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.235558.
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Jacobi, Christoph. "Planetary wave-mean flow interaction seen in midlatidude mesopause region wind measurements at Collm." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-214560.
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From daily analyses of the prevailing wind at the mesopause region (about 95 km) oscillations in the period range of the so-called quasi 16-day wave are obtained that can be interpreted as the signal of these planetary waves in the wind field. Investigating these waves for the period of 1980 through 1997 in connection with the prevailing wind gives insight to the behaviour of planetary wave-mean flow interaction in the upper middle atmosphere. lt is found that in winter the planetary wave activity in the mesopause region is positively correlated with the zonal mean westerly wind, and negatively correlated with its mean vertical gradient. This means that strong planetary wave activity in the mesopause region is not necessarily connected wiht strong wave activity in the lower atmosphere, but rather is the result of incomplete wave breaking below the measuring levelAus täglichen Analysen des mittleren Winds im Mesopausenbereich (etwa 95 km Höhe) werden Oszillation im Periodenbereich der sogenannten quasi 16-Tage-Welle bestimmt, die als Signal dieser Welle angesehen werden. Es wird der Zusammenhang dieser Oszillationen mit dem mittleren Wind untersucht. Es zeigt sich, daß starke Wellenaktivität mit größerem (negativen) Gradienten, aber auch mit größerer mittlerer Windgeschwindigkeit verbunden ist. Dies bedeutet, daß die Variabilität der Aktivität planetarer Wellen im Mesopausenbereich nicht notwendigerweise diejeniger planetarer Wellen in der unteren Atmosphäre widerspiegelt, sondern ein Maß dafür ist, inwieweit die Energieübertragung der Wellen auf den Grundstrom im Mesopausenbereich bereits abgeschlossen ist
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Skone, Susan. "Wide area ionosphere grid modelling in the auroral region." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0030/NQ38507.pdf.
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Orimoto, Mika. "Regional analysis of extreme gust wind speed." Thesis, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/7043.
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There are two objectives of this study. The first objective is to determine the domain of attraction of an extreme value distribution of gust wind speeds, at a selected station, when only limited samples from the site are available. The second objective is to perform a series of homogeneity tests for the selected stations, such that homogenous regions for these extreme gust winds may be identified. After carefully examining the wind data available, it was decided that 133 out of more than 750 stations in the contiguous United States were selected for the study. These selected stations all have confirmed Exposure C environments, with at least 15 years of records. All wind speeds used in this study were adjusted to 10 meters above ground level. On the basis of a S-statistic method, the proper representations of extreme gust winds at the 133 selected weather stations in the contiguous United States are examined. The results indicate that the annual extreme gust wind speeds at 65 out of the 133 stations are Gumbel extreme value distributions (Type I), whereas the other 68 stations' extreme gust wind speeds are reverse Weibull (Type III), distributed. Nine homogeneous regions, for the annual extreme gust winds, were identified by applying a Type I based regional analysis. This analysis was applied to the 65 stations in the contiguous United States whose annual extreme gust winds are Type I distributed.x, 92 leaves
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Walker, Joshua. "Regional renewable assessment wind versus solar energy /." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0024933.
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Northwood, Gillian Mary. "The role of wine tourism in economic development, a case study of Niagara Region." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0022/MQ52221.pdf.
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Otten, Justin Michael. "The neoliberal katastrofa : privatisation, development and a changing economy in Macedonia's Tikveš wine region." Thesis, University of Kent, 2015. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/48413/.
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This thesis draws upon anthropological fieldwork carried out in 2010–11 in the Tikveš wine region of the Republic of Macedonia. Unlike most other countries of the former Eastern Bloc, Macedonia’s post-socialist transition was held off due to the conflicts in the former Yugoslavia in the 1990s. The result is that a slower, more subtle shift has occurred there yet it has been one guided by neoliberal principles, thus significantly altering the livelihoods of the country’s inhabitants. My research in Tikveš illustrates the role privatisation (privatizacija, a term known and used locally) is playing in the region’s transition from government to private ownership and production, specifically in the wine industry. Although the quality and selection of wine in Tikveš has improved, the lives of the independent grape growers and their families have not. Instead, the growers have been subject to the leverage of the winery owners—who have reduced and delayed payments to them—while a neoliberalised government has taken a laissez-faire approach to market regulation. Combined with EU accession development policy, this thesis therefore focuses on how individuals in the region are both protesting and adapting to the change at hand through rearranging their livelihoods and work. Indeed, grape growers have been left with a surplus of grapes and a dearth of income and certainty, inciting some to produce vast quantities of homemade rakija (brandy) while others replace, abandon or sell their vineyards. New ways of bringing in income, such as selling one’s brandy, produce or homemade goods are also modes of survival. Yet many claim that is all they are doing, merely ‘surviving, not living’. An argument is thus made that there is a return to the peasantry. Such repeasantisation is a process whereby the focus of economic activity becomes further centred on households and the pooling of family resources drawn from working the land and engaging in non-professional types of work. This form of repeasantisation is essentially that increasing numbers of individuals are not only working their small plots of land to provide produce for their family and for sale, but that in replacing the employment and income once provide by the state they are engaging in petty trade and precarious employment when it can be found. The thesis is comprised of six chapters, with an introduction and conclusion as well.
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Gaube, Veronika, and Sabine Sedlacek. "Sustainable regional development in Austria. The role of regional institutions by implementing a sustainable regional pathway." WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2002. http://epub.wu.ac.at/1358/1/document.pdf.
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According to the current focus of the regional policy of the European Union on sustainable regional development the question arises - what are the key-elements to achieve a sustainable regional pathway? The identification of these key-factors is a challenge for the regional policy in each member state. One elementary key-factor is the promotion of new technologies as part of a regional innovation strategy. Regional institutions which support environmental improvements within regions can be identified as key-actors for achieving a sustainable regional pathway. The main research question focuses on the relevance of existing regional institutions and their ability of fulfilling the challenges of sustainable regional development goals. Their role within the regional innovation system and their flexibility to change their target group profiles seems relevant for successful applications of sustainable regional development strategies. This contribution focuses exclusively on regional management institutions which were established after Austria's EU accession. (author's abstract)Series: WU-Jahrestagung 2002
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Neugebauer, Marcia, Daniel Reisenfeld, and Ian G. Richardson. "Comparison of algorithms for determination of solar wind regimes." AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/621988.
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This study compares the designation of different solar wind flow regimes (transient, coronal hole, and streamer belt) according to two algorithms derived from observations by the Solar Wind Ion Composition Spectrometer, the Solar Wind Electron Proton Alpha Monitor, and the Magnetometer on the ACE spacecraft, with a similar regime determination performed on board the Genesis spacecraft. The comparison is made for the interval from late 2001 to early 2004 when Genesis was collecting solar wind ions for return to Earth. The agreement between hourly regime assignments from any pair of algorithms was less than two thirds, while the simultaneous agreement between all three algorithms was only 49%. When the results of the algorithms were compared to a catalog of interplanetary coronal mass ejection events, it was found that almost all the events in the catalog were confirmed by the spacecraft algorithms. On the other hand, many short transient events, lasting 1 to 13h, that were unanimously selected as transient like by the algorithms, were not included in the catalog.
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Nel, Margaux. "Touriga Naçional x environment interaction in the Little Karoo region of South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2877.
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MScAgricENGLISH ABSTRACT: The Little Karoo region of South Africa stretches from Montagu in the west, through Barrydale on the Langeberg Mountain, towards Ladismith, Calitzdorp, Oudtshoorn and De Rust in the east, with the Swartberg mountain range in the north. The Wine of Origin district of Calitzdorp is a small, demarcated area around Calitzdorp in the Little Karoo, surrounded by the Rooiberg, Swartberg and Kleinberg mountains. With a mean February temperature (MFT) of 23.7ºC and a low annual rainfall of 233 mm, the district of Calitzdorp has a similar climate to that of the Douro Demarcated Region (DDR). The MFT is comparable to the DDR mean July temperature, and it seems that the Douro Superior sub-region to the east of the DDR has a mean July temperature of higher than 25°C. In the Cima Corgo sub-region (in the centre of the DDR), and the Baixo Cargo sub-region, the mean July temperatures are ±25°C and ±22°C respectively. Annual rainfall in the DDR is much higher, with Baixo Cargo recording 1 018 mm, Cima Corgo recording 658 mm and Douro Superior in the east recording only 437 mm. Touriga Naçional is one of the highest quality Portuguese red grape varieties. It produces high-quality port-style wine as well as table wines. Excellent quality Touriga Naçional wines have a dark black/purple colour, good extract, high, elegant tannin content and intense aromas, with typical plum, raisin, wild fruit, mulberry, “fynbos” and cherry aromas. The most suitable terroir for Touriga Naçional in the DDR has been found to be on sites that restrain the natural vigour of the grapevine. Soils with moderate to low water-holding capacity, in association with low rainfall, result in water deficits during the growing season and are considered optimal to restrict growth vigour. A steep, northern middle slope is ideal in the southern hemisphere for high temperatures and sunlight interception. Warm temperatures (25 to 30 °C) during the day and cooler temperatures during the night are optimal for photosynthesis and colour development. In order to study factors affecting the quality of Touriga Naçional in Calitzdorp, two Vitis vinifera L. cv. Touriga Naçional commercial vineyards in the Calitzdorp district were selected. Each vineyard was divided into two separate management blocks based on their empirically determined quality of production. Two crop-reduction treatments, the standard 50% crop reduction (which was considered to be the control) and a further less drastic treatment of 25% crop reduction, were applied. Significant differences were found in viticultural performance between the two adjacent Touriga Naçional management blocks in each vineyard, especially with respect to vigour. The upper management blocks, which provided grapes for reserve-quality port-style wines, experienced a higher water deficit due to the moderate soil water-holding capacity and higher temperatures in comparison to the lower sites. The higher water deficits had a restraining effect on the Touriga Naçional vines, and therefore the upper sites had lower vigour, which contributed to better quality of both the wine and port-style wine, and this could be recognised sensorially. However, it was not reflected in the chemical analytical results. Crop load also appeared to have an effect on the Touriga Naçional grapevines, but this appeared to be dependent on the management block. The 50% crop reduction had a significant positive effect on the sensory analyses, but did not significantly affect the chemical analyses. Calitzdorp terroir has a similar effect on Touriga Naçional compared to the DDR terroir, and that is why Calitzdorp can produce good table and port-style wines from Touriga Naçional.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Klein Karoo-streek in Suid Afrika strek vanaf Montagu in die weste, deur Barrydale teen die Langeberg, na Ladismith, Calitzdorp, Oudtshoorn en De Rust in die ooste, met die Swartberg in die noorde. Die distrik van Calitzdorp is ‘n klein area rondom Calitzdorp, in die Klein Karoo, wat deur die Rooiberg, Swartberg en Kleinberg omring is. Calitzdorp het ‘n gemiddelde Februarie-temperatuur (GFT) van 23.7°C en ‘n lae jaarlikse reënval van 223 mm, wat soortgelyk is aan die klimaat van die Douro Vallei in Portugal. Die Douro Vallei se gemiddelde Julie-temperatuur (GJT) in vergelyking met die GFT van Calitzdorp is hoër, met temperature van meer as 25°C in die substreek Douro Superior. Vir die substreke Cima Cargo en Baixo Cargo is die GJT ±25°C en ±22°C onderskeidelik. Die jaarlikse reënval is ook hoër by Baixo Cargo, met 1 018 mm, Cima Cargo met 658 mm en Douro Superior met slegs 437 mm. Touriga Naçional is een van die beste Portugese rooi kultivars wat hoëkwaliteit tafel- en portwyne produseer. ‘n Tipiese hoëkwaliteit Touriga Naçional-wyn het ‘n swartpers kleur, hoë ekstrak, hoë elegante tanniene en intense aromatiese geure wat tipiese pruim, rosyne, wilde vrugte, moerbei, fynbos en kersie aromas insluit. Die geskikste terroir vir Touriga Naçional is op swak gronde wat die natuurlike groeikrag van die wingerdstok strem. Gronde met matige tot lae grondwaterhouvermoë tesame met lae reënval veroorsaak ‘n waterstremming in die wingerdstok gedurende die groeiseisoen en word as optimaal beskou omdat dit beheersde groei veroorsaak. In die suidelike halfrond word relatief steil, noordelike middelhange as ideaal beskou vir hoë temperature en maksimale sonligonderskepping. Gepaardgaande hiermee is die interne dreinasie verantwoordelik vir vinniger uitdroging van die grond. Hoë temperature (25 tot 30°C) gedurende die dag en koue nagte is optimaal vir fotosintese en kleurontwikkeling. Twee Vitis vinifera L. cv. Touriga Naçional kommersiële wingerde in die Calitzdorp-distrik is geselekteer en in twee afsonderlike bewerkingsblokke verdeel, gebaseer op kwaliteitsverskille. In elke blok was die verdeling van so ‘n aard dat daar ‘n hoërliggende helfte en ‘n laerliggende helfte was. Twee trosverminderingsbehandelings, nl. 50% (kontrole) en 25%, gebaseer op trosgetalle, is toegepas. By elkeen van die wingerde was daar betekenisvolle groeiverskille tussen die twee aangrensende helftes. Die boonste helftes (of gedeeltes) het minder gegroei a.g.v. ‘n hoër waterstremming sowel as hoër temperatuur as die laer helftes. Dit het geblyk om ‘n positiewe invloed op die kwaliteit van beide die tafel- en portwyne uit te oefen. Troslading het ook ‘n effek op die Touriga Naçional-wingerde gehad, maar dit blyk of dit blok-afhanklik is. Die 50% trosverminderingsbehandeling het ‘n beduidende positiewe verskil in die sensoriese analises gemaak, maar nie ‘n beduidende verskil in die chemiese analises van die wyne nie. Calitzdorp se terroir het ‘n soortgelyke effek op Touriga Naçional as dié van die DDR terroir en daarom kan Calitzdorp soortgelyke goeie tafel- en portwyne van Touriga Naçional produseer.
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McGowan, Krista I. "Geochemistry of alteration and mineralization of the Wind River gold prospect, Skamania County, Washington." PDXScholar, 1985. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3586.
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The Wind River gold prospect is located in TSN, R7E of Skamania County, Washington, and is an epithermal gold-quartz vein system hosted in volcanic rocks of the Ohanapecosh Formation, a late Eocene to middle Oligocene unit of calcalkaline chemical composition. Andesitic pyroclastic rocks of the Ohanapecosh Formation are the host of mineralization in the study area, and form the lowest of several stratigraphic subunits. These pyroclastic rocks are overlain by two sequences of lava flows which cap the ridges and are folded by an anticlinal warp over the length of Paradise Ridge, plunging gently to the southeast. Toward the west, the number of flows decreases and the proportion of intercalated pyroclastic rocks increases. Numerous dikes cut the pyroclastic rocks at the Wind River prospect. Geochemical data show these dikes to have been feeders for the overlying lava flows. Differing degrees of alteration of the dikes relative to the most intensely altered pyroclastic rocks which they cut indicates a complex history of overlapping hydrothermal and volcanic activity at the prospect.
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Sayward, Elton G. "Validation of special sensor microwave/imager ocean surface wind retrievals in equatorial regions." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1994. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA293750.
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Thesis (M.S. in Applied Physics) Naval Postgraduate School, December 1994.Thesis advisor(s): Richard Christopher Olsen, Marie C. Colton. "December 1994." Bibliography: p. 67-68. Also available online.
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Jacobi, Christoph, and Dierk Kürschner. "Mesopause region winds over Central Europe during the January/February 2001 major stratwarm event." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-217121.
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Mesopause region horizontal winds have been measured over Collm during winter 2000/2001 to investigate the response of the mesosphere/lower thermosphere region to a major stratwarm. The stratospheric warming resulted in a reversal of both the zonal and meridional wind. In the zonal component, this reversal was due to a planetary oscillation with period 10 days, which was even more pronounced in the vertical gradients, so that the stratwarm effect on the mesopause was owing to the superposition of an intensifying planetary wave (PW) and a slow overall decrease of the zonal prevailing winds. An effect of the stratospheric warming on the semidiurnal tide is also visible, namely by a decrease of the tidal amplitudes and rapid phase shifts in the order of 2 – 3 hours to later valuesUm die Auswirkungen von raschen Stratosphärenerwärmungen (Stratwarm) auf das Windfeld der Mesopausenregion zu untersuchen, wurden Messdaten des Horizontalwindes über Collm in den Monaten Januar und Februar 2001 untersucht, in denen eine große Stratosphärenerwärmung auftrat. Der Stratwarm zeigte sich im Windfeld in einer Höhe durch einen Rückgang des zonalen Grundwindes, sowie durch besonders starken Nordwind. Im Zonalwind zeigte sich eine deutliche Welle mit 10-tägiger Periode, die vermutlich den Stratwarm auslöste. Das hatte zur Folge, dass das Windfeld der Mesopausenregion während Stratwarm durch eine planetare Welle, sowie einen überlagerten Rückgang des Vertikalwindgradienten zusammengesetzt war. Ein Effekt des Stratwarm auf die halbtägigen Gezeiten war ebenfalls zu erkennen; die Gezeitenamplituden sind während der Stratosphärenerwärmung reduziert und die Phase liegt in einem kurzen Zeitraum um 2 – 3 Stunden später
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Sousa, Pedro Filipe Pedroso Tomás Alves de. "Paisagem cultural da vinha na Região Demarcada de Colares. Contributo para a sua valorização e divulgação." Master's thesis, ISA/UL, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/7428.
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Mestrado em Arquitectura Paisagista - Instituto Superior de AgronomiaThe vine culture in the demarcated region of Colares went into decline many decades ago, as a consequence of the strong pressure, of urban construction demands on the coastal area of the country, and it is now at risk of disappearing, and with it part of the region’s identity. The vineyard images that once marked the landscape are now silhouettes of their former selves, dispersed in small pockets across the area. This dissertation aims to sensitize the reader to the problem of abandonment of vine growing on sand soil in the demarcated region of Colares and the consequences of the loss of its cultural identity, representing the evolution of the landscape over the past decades. The aim is also to contribute to the appreciation and promotion of the vineyard landscape, with the purpose of preserving cultural practices, traditions and the region’s history. Proposals for the delimitation and management of potential areas for vine growing are discussed and presented also demonstrating the need to integrate these areas within entities of territorial management. The importance of establishing an outreach tool in the territory such as wines routes as well as the contribution it will have for local economic development, presenting proposed routes.
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Swart, Ewarda. "The effect of region, yeast strain and ascorbic acid on the development of a sulphur-like aroma and on Sauvignon blanc wine quality." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51968.
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Thesis (MSc Food Sc )--University of Stellenbosch, 2000.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Highly valued Sauvignon blanc wines, with the distinctive cultivar-typical aromas, reminiscent of grassy, green pepper or asparagus-like, are produced in some South African regions. Quite often, however, neutral and sulphur-like, low quality Sauvignon blanc wines are produced and this phenomenon is of great concern to wine producers and consumers, and affects our competition on overseas markets, negatively. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of region, ascorbic acid/S02 treatments and yeast strain on Sauvignon blanc wine aroma and quality. Wines were produced from grapes obtained from the warmer Robertson and the relatively cooler Stellenbosch regions (1998 season). The juices were treated with different combinations of ascorbic acid/S02 treatments [commercially available ascorbic acid/meta preparate, S02 (control), pure ascorbic acid/S02] and Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strains (Vin 13, VL3C, NT 116). The wines were analysed for esters, higher alcohols, monoterpenes and 2-methoxy-3-isobutylpyrazine (ibMP). The wines were also sensorially evaluated for wine aroma intensities (fruity/ester, sulphur-like, grassy/green pepper) and overall quality. Additionally, the synergistic action of ibMP and the sulphur-containing component, 4-mercapto-4-methylpentan-2- one (MMP), considered to be the most important impact components of Sauvignon blanc, was studied. The two components were added, separately and in combinations at increasing concentrations, to different media. The nuances perceived, varied from dusty, grassy to green pepper for ibMP and from guava, sulphur-like to cat urine or "conifer" for MMP. Significant differences were observed between the wines treated with the different combinations of ascorbic acid/S02 treatments and fermented with different yeast strains, irrespective of region. The highest quality, cultivar-typical Sauvignon blanc wines were produced from the pure ascorbic acid/S02 treatment in combination with yeast strains Vin 13 and NT 116. This coincided with high ester and low higher alcohol concentrations, which did not overpower the typical Sauvignon blanc character. The treatments had, in some cases, a significant effect on monoterpene levels, but it was concluded that these differences were not big enough to affect wine quality. Levels of ibMP were too low and could not be reliably measured. Low quality wines, with prominent, undesirable sulphur-like aromas, were produced from juices, treated with the commercially available ascorbic acid/meta preparate and the French yeast strain, VL3C. Techniques, followed to identify the aroma components causing the sulphur-like offflavours, as MMP or as other sulphur-containing components, were gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, solid phase microextraction and sniffing. However, these tests were not successful and studies to identify these off-flavours should be continued. It was succeeded in this study to produce Sauvignon blanc wines without the undesirable, sulphur-like aromas. Although this investigation showed that a newly developed, commercially available ascorbic acid/meta preparate did not yield any sulphur-like off-flavours, quite often Sauvignon blanc wines with such off-flavours are still produced. Further research is needed to clarify this phenomenon.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hoë kwaliteit Sauvignon blanc wyne, met kenmerkende kultivar-tipiese, gras-, groenrissie- of aspersie-agtige aromas, word in sekere streke van Suid Afrika geproduseer. Die gereelde produksie van neutrale, en swawelagtige lae kwaliteit Sauvignon blanc wyne, wek egter nie net groot kommer by wynprodusente en verbruikers nie, maar het ook 'n negatiewe impak op kompetisie met oorsese markte. Die doel van hierdie studie was dus om die effek van streek, askorbiensuur/Sóbehandelings en gisras op Sauvignon blanc wynaroma en kwaliteit vas te stel. Wyne is berei met druiwe wat verkry is van die warmer Roberston en relatief koeler Stellenbosch streke (1998 seisoen). Verskillende kombinasies askorbiensuur/So, behandelings [kommersieel-beskikbare askorbiensuur/meta preparaat, S02 (kontrole), suiwer askorbiensuur/So-l en Saccharomyces cerevisiae gisrasse (Vin 13, VL3C, NT 116) is gebruik tydens die wynbereidingsproses. Spesifieke ester-, hoër alkohol-, monoterpeen- en 2-metoksi-3-isobutiel metoksipirasienkonsentrasies (ibMP) is in die wyne bepaal. Die wyne is ook sensories vir wynaroma intensiteite (vrugtig/ester, swaweiagtig, gras/groenrissie-agtig) en algehele kwaliteit geëvalueer. Die sinergistiese aksie van ibMP en die swawelbevattende komponent, 4-merkapto- 4-metielpenta-2-oon (MMP), wat beskou word as die belangrikste impakkomponente in Sauvignon blanc, is addisioneel bestudeer. Hierdie komponente is in toenemende konsentrasies, individueel en in kombinasies, tot verskillende media gevoeg. Die nuanses wat waargeneem is, het van stowwerig, gras-, groenrissie-agtig vir ibMP, tot koejawelagtig, swaweiagtig, katurine, konifeer vir MMP, gevarieer. Ongeag streke, is betekenisvolle verskille tussen die wyne wat berei is met die verskillende kombinasies van askorbiensuur/So- behandelings en gisrasse, waargeneem. Hoër kwaliteit, kultivar-tipiese Sauvignon blanc wyne is berei met suiwer askorbiensuur/So- in kombinasie met gisras Vin 13 of NT 116. Alhoewel die hoë ester- en lae hoër alkohol- konsentrasies, hierdie resultate bevestig het, is die tipiese Sauvignon blanc karakter nie hierdeur oorheers nie. Sommige behandelings het wel 'n betekenisvolle invloed of monoterpeenkonsentrasies gehad het, maar was te min om 'n effek op wynkwaliteit uit te oefen nie. Die konsentrasievlakke van ibMP swawelagtige aromas, het egter voorgekom in wyne wat met die kommersieelbeskikbare askorbiensuur/meta preparaat en die Franse gisras, VL3C, berei is. Verskeie tegnieke soos gaschromatografie/massa spektrometrie, soliede fase mikroekstraksie en "sniffing", is gebruik om die komponent, MMP, wat moontlik verantwoordelik vir hierdie ongewensde swawelagtige wangeure was, te identifiseer. Die identifikasie hiervan was egter onsuksesvol, en verdere studies is nodig om die komponent(e) verantwoordelik vir hierdie wangeure, te identifiseer. Die suksesvolle produksie van Sauvignon blanc, sonder ongewensde swaweiagtig aromas, was wel moontlik. Alhoewel hierdie studie ook duidelik getoon het dat daar geen swawelagtige wangeure in die wyne wat met die nuut ontwikkelde, kommersieel-beskikbare askorbiensuur/meta preparaat berei was, voorgekom het nie, vind die produksie van Sauvignon blanc wyne met van hierdie wangeure nog steeds plaas. Verdere navorsing rakende hierdie aspek is nodig.
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Hoemmen, Garrett Adam. "REGIONAL WINE QUALITY REPUTATION: THE PERCEPTIONS AND POSSIBILITIES IN THE SHAWNEE HILLS AVA." OpenSIUC, 2013. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/1109.
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AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Garrett Adam Hoemmen, for the Masters of Science degree in Agribusiness Economics, presented on *April 3, 2013 at Southern Illinois University Carbondale. TITLE: REGIONAL WINE QUALITY REPUTATION: THE PERCEPTIONS AND POSSIBILITIES OF THE SHAWNEE HILLS AVA MAJOR PROFESSORS: Dr. C. Matthew Rendleman and Dr. Bradley Taylor There is a growing consumer preference for regional or “"terroir"” based products (Guy 2011). The designation of AVA status has the potential to increase the development of consumer identification with regional wine products. The presence of a distinguishing terroir is one of the prerequisites for the establishment of a federally recognized American Viticultural Area (AVA) (TTB 2012). The TTB granted the Shawnee Hills, located in southern Illinois, this designation at their request in 2006 (MKF 2005). The goal of this project was to determine the economic impact of a regional reputation on a wine-producing region. The project examined two California wine-producing regions progressing in wine quality development and with an established AVA designation and a wine culture in place, the Lodi AVA and the Central Coast AVA. A regression model was used to measure the source of these regions' growth in grower return per ton (price). Our results show the importance of achieving an AVA designation, an increase of $173.73 –- –$179.60 in grower return per ton, as well as the formation of regional wine quality program for that AVA, an increase of $165.81–-– $372.88. A winery competiveness survey was administered to all owner/operators in the Shawnee Hills to determine whether the infrastructure was in place to sustain a regional wine quality program. The results found that Shawnee Hill's AVA winery owner/operators regard increases in regional tourism, growth in the U.S. wine market continuous innovation, unique services and processes, and flow of information from customers to have the most enhancing effects on their businesses, and that confidence/trust in Illinois state political systems, tax systems, and administrative/bureaucratic regulations were the most constraining factors. Further the Shawnee Hills AVA has growing competition, yet consists of innovative winery owners. It may currently lack external financial support, but with a community focus on product differentiation, the Shawnee Hills AVA has a chance to capture a portion of the growing market for regional products.
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Adams, Christopher Blaine. "Profile Analysis of Regional Variations Among Virginia Winery Visitors." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34397.
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This research is concerned with examining market segments and regional variations associated with winery visitors in the state of Virginia. The tourism literature published by the state of Virginia for wineries indicates that there are five wine regions. In this research, data were collected from interviews conducted at wineries in each of the five wine regions. The first phase of analysis sought to create market segments using a factor-cluster approach. Segments were created using cluster analysis and multiple discriminant analysis. Three distinct market segments based on benefits sought by the visitor emerged from these data. Regional variations were examined in the second part of this study. The data were classified into individual regions based on the locations of the wineries examined. Distinct differences in the regional profiles were revealed. Weak significant relationships among the segments and regions were also revealed through analysis indicating a spatial component to the segments. This research proposes the use of three regions for market research purposes, while retaining the five existing regions for promoting an organized structure to visiting wineries in the state.Master of Science
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Radcliffe, David Byrom. "The effect of a stellar wind on an expanding HII region." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.328005.
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Lengauer, Lukas. "Sozioökonomische Veränderungen in der Vienna Region 1971-2001. Ausgewählte Ergebnisse." Institut für Wirtschaftsgeographie, Abt. Stadt- und Regionalentwicklung, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2004. http://epub.wu.ac.at/1714/1/document.pdf.
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Gurvich, Judith. "Principals' experiences of regional networks." Thesis, Australian Catholic University, 2017. https://acuresearchbank.acu.edu.au/download/ce7cfffba6ffd6e1055e114cbf1459898e163929dd1f32775432069bbb4020b3/2277687/Gurvich_2017_Principals_experience_of_regional_networks.pdf.
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In the Australian state of Victoria, the years of the Blueprint policies (Department of Education &Training, 2003; Department of Education and Early Childhood, 2007a) represented a distinctive time of educational reform in which the quantum of strategies and resources that were fed into the education system were unprecedented. Regional Networks were one component of that reform agenda. Seventy such networks were formed in October 2008. They were system-organised groups of around 25 schools led by a Regional Network Leader. The intent of the structure was to build the capacity of principals and schools within a district by fostering collective responsibility for students through collaborative practices. However, the Regional Network structure ended prematurely after three years following a change of government in November 2010. Principals were energised by the scope of the reforms which were supported by a range of resources that included extensive opportunities for professional learning. There was a flamboyance of implementation, which engaged principals and enlisted them in the vision of system alignment and high expectations. However, that flamboyance and directedness towards alignment, was also met with apprehension by some principals. System leaders intended the reform agenda to lift student outcomes across all schools, leading to the recognition of Victorian state education as a leader in the international educational landscape. The Regional Network structure ended without the opportunity for the initiative to run its course and without an evaluation of its achievements. How principals felt about the Regional Network experience, is the focus of this research. This study was based on a hermeneutic phenomenological research design, inspired by van Manen’s thematic analysis (van Manen, 1990, 2014). It explored 10 principals’ experiences of Regional Networks, on three levels. First, the study reconstructed participants’ stories as an essential understanding of the lived experience. Second, extended extracts were examined in relation to the contradictory range of emotions that were experienced. Third, a thematic analysis of the principals’ experiences of the Regional Network experience was presented under the categories of what helped and what hindered principals in their work. In addition, the thematic analysis was anchored in theory through the lens of three frames: Systems Thinking (Senge, 2006); Professional Capital (Hargreaves & Fullan, 2012); and Governance (Moore & Khagram, 2004). An additional insider perspective to the study was presented through the researcher’s voice. As a former Regional Network Leader, the researcher included her own story to provide a unique counterpoint to principals’ stories and placed her voice firmly within the research. Principals included in this study were drawn from five different networks and represented the range of school types within a district. The research questions asked were: How did members of the Regional Network perceive the experience? In what ways did membership of Regional Networks help or hinder their work? The findings of this research indicate that although principals had some mixed feelings they valued the Regional Network structure, which provided a designated leader to coordinate the activities and act as a conduit for policy implementation. The findings show that principals enjoyed the collegiality and professional learning and they regarded the governance structure as representative of their needs. However aspects of the Regional Network experience were problematic and did not satisfy all principals’ professional needs. For example, mandated membership and restructures of some Regional Networks fuelled disillusionment. Activities that principals regarded as compliance exercises for the system such as the development of detailed strategic plans were tolerated but not valued. The quality of the Regional Network Leaders also varied, as did their understanding of the different types of schools, which impacted on the support that could be offered by these leaders. The findings show that the needs of all schools were not met, particularly specialist and secondary schools. Principals looked to self-chosen networks to satisfy their professional needs and self-chosen networks co-existed with principals’ participation in their Regional Network. For some principals, allegiance to self-chosen networks took precedence. While the features displayed by Regional Networks matched several of the features of networks outlined in the broader literature, they fell short in several areas and did not comply with the definition of networks that emerged from the literature. Because of their system-owned nature, Regional Networks would be more accurately described as pseudo-networks. However, principals were able to clearly articulate which aspects of their Regional Network membership helped or hindered their work. These insights contribute new knowledge to organisational structures for system-wide school reform. A new model of collaboration (TriCol) is introduced. TriCol addresses some of the problems raised by principals about the Regional Network structure. The TriCol model provides greater flexibility for collaboration and increased levels of expertise at the leadership level.
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Jerzewska, Anna Swietoslawa. "The role of preferences in Japan's FTA policy formation in Asia on a bilateral, minilateral, and region-wide level : does Japan need a region-wide agreement?" Thesis, University of Leeds, 2012. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/15230/.
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Using Japan's existing free trade agreements (FTAs) this thesis analyses the country's current FTA policy by focusing on the formation of domestic preferences regarding bilateral, mini lateral and proposed region-wide FTAs. The two-level game metaphor (Putnam 1988) is combined here with the international political economy (IPE) approach in order to analyse the complex interactions between various levels of factors influencing main actors' preferences. The two-level game model is used to' separate the international and domestic levels of policy formation process and to conceptualise the latter as bargaining between various groups of actors (domestic negotiations). The thesis argues that preferences of discussed domestic groups together with the specific policy formation process are central to explaining Japan's FTA policy and its current impasse. The thesis conceptualises this policy as embedded in a broader economic and political environment, both on a national and an international level. Changes in this environment can affect actors' preferences and lead to changes in country's free trade agreements policy. This study analyses the added value of consecutive FTAs from the perspective of their main clients, as well as technical aspects of their harmonisation, multilateralisation or consolidation. It also discusses Japan's approach to overlapping FTA regulations. Therefore, the research is set within the overarching theoretical debate of multilateralising bilateralism which attempts to determine the feasibility of harmonising bilateral FTAs into broader agreements. The thesis focuses predominantly on the desirability of such harmonisation from the perspective of Japan's main actors. This study is based on in-depth interviews conducted in Tokyo in January 2009 and between March 2010 and December 2011.
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Jacobi, Christoph. "Planetary wave-mean flow interaction seen in midlatidude mesopause region wind measurements at Collm." Wissenschaftliche Mitteilungen des Leipziger Instituts für Meteorologie ; 12 = Meteorologische Arbeiten aus Leipzig ; 4 (1999), S. 130-141, 1999. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A15129.
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From daily analyses of the prevailing wind at the mesopause region (about 95 km) oscillations in the period range of the so-called quasi 16-day wave are obtained that can be interpreted as the signal of these planetary waves in the wind field. Investigating these waves for the period of 1980 through 1997 in connection with the prevailing wind gives insight to the behaviour of planetary wave-mean flow interaction in the upper middle atmosphere. lt is found that in winter the planetary
wave activity in the mesopause region is positively correlated with the
zonal mean westerly wind, and negatively correlated with its mean vertical gradient. This means that strong planetary wave activity in the mesopause region is not necessarily connected wiht strong wave activity in the lower atmosphere, but rather is the result of incomplete wave breaking below the measuring level.Aus täglichen Analysen des mittleren Winds im Mesopausenbereich (etwa 95 km Höhe) werden Oszillation im Periodenbereich der sogenannten quasi 16-Tage-Welle bestimmt, die als Signal dieser Welle angesehen werden. Es wird der Zusammenhang dieser Oszillationen mit dem mittleren Wind untersucht. Es zeigt sich, daß starke Wellenaktivität mit größerem (negativen) Gradienten, aber auch mit größerer mittlerer Windgeschwindigkeit verbunden ist. Dies bedeutet, daß die Variabilität der Aktivität planetarer Wellen im Mesopausenbereich nicht notwendigerweise diejeniger planetarer Wellen in der unteren Atmosphäre widerspiegelt, sondern ein Maß dafür ist, inwieweit die Energieübertragung der Wellen auf den Grundstrom im Mesopausenbereich bereits abgeschlossen ist.
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Utsunomiya, Maki. "A genome-wide scan for Japanese familial intracranial aneurysms : linkage to several chromosomal regions." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/145167.
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Kyoto University (京都大学)0048
新制・課程博士
博士(社会健康医学)
甲第11468号
社医博第5号
新制||社医||2(附属図書館)
23111
UT51-2005-D218
京都大学大学院医学研究科社会健康医学系専攻
(主査)教授 松田 文彦, 教授 白川 太郎, 教授 小杉 眞司
学位規則第4条第1項該当
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Spicer, Jason S. (Jason Simpson). "Appalachia's new region-wide CDFI : building local community with global capital?" Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/90104.
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Thesis: M.C.P., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, 2014.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 115-122).
The Appalachian Regional Commission is currently working with a major foundation on the development of a new regional Community Development Financial Institution (CDFI), Appalachian Community Capital. By connecting Appalachia's small businesses to large external investors, will this CDFI bring more community development capital into the region, and help alleviate poverty? Or, as the neoliberal era deepens into the "Age of Austerity", is this but the latest use of market logic to attempt to solve public, political problems, fraught with the shortcomings of such an approach? I argue that the new CDFI may bring capital into the region. But because it does so using market logic, it cannot ensure that the money will go to the neediest areas, or that it will be invested in a manner which actually creates jobs for existing residents, in locally owned businesses (thereby keeping profit in the region), or in sustainable industries. It also cannot address the problems posed by a dysfunctional civic culture, in part the legacy of big coal's historic corporate paternalism and subsequent disinvestment, as corrupt local elites "other" the mostly white mountain poor as an intractable, permanent underclass. Further, even if the new entity could surmount these issues, I argue that it does not address the underlying challenge: the ongoing outflow of capital out of the region. Due to both regulatory barriers and industry economies of scale, institutional and individual investors ship most of Appalachia's capital out to major national financial centers, where it is disbursed around the world. These levels of exported capital stock dwarf the small volumes of community development capital that any CDFI might hope to reinvest locally. For the region's poverty level to decline, this challenge might be addressed through the removal of regulatory barriers and creation of local institutions and investment platforms to invest both community development capital specifically, and other forms of capital, as well. These institutions and platforms may not be most appropriately constructed at the geographic scale of the Appalachian region, given the economic diversity in the region, and given the value-laden history of the social construction of the term Appalachia itself.
by Jason S. Spicer.
M.C.P.
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Johnson, Ashley Stratton. "Analysis of variable scatterometer wind fields in the Benguela upwelling region." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/6484.
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Bibliography: p. 142-149.The dissertation seeked to understand the effectiveness of satellite based data collection of wind fields along the west coast of southern Africa, pertaining to particular synoptic atmospheric systems. A comparison between data from two automatic coastal weather stations and measurements obtained by the NASA scatterometer (NSCAT) for the period 1 December 1996 to 31 May 1997 yielded a correlation coefficient of 70%.
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Bruwer, Rachel Jacoba. "The edaphic and climatic effects on production and wine quality of Cabernet Sauvignon in the Lower Olifants River region." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/4342.
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Thesis (MScAgric (Viticulture and Oenology))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Cabernet Sauvignon is the most planted red cultivar in South Africa and the second most planted red cultivar in the Olifants River region. The cultivar is prone to vigorous growth with low yields. Excessive irrigation could accentuate these cultivar characteristics. Considering the foregoing, the aim of the study was to describe how Cabernet Sauvignon will react to climate, soil type (texture) and irrigation within the Lower Olifants River wine region to enable growers to make the right decisions regarding long term as well as short term cultivation practices. This study is part of a project carried out by the ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij at Stellenbosch to determine the effects of soil type and atmospheric conditions on yield and wine quality of Cabernet Sauvignon in different grape growing regions of South Africa. Similar studies are being carried out in the Orange River, Stellenbosch and Swartland regions of South Africa. The Lower Olifants River region could be divided into three climatic regions. Furthermore, two climatic regions is evident regarding the formation of grape wine colour and aromas. Proximity to the Atlantic Ocean would play an important role in a cultivar establishment policy. The variation in stem water potential (ΨS) could be related to soil water status expressed in terms of matric potential (ΨM). In the case of sandy soils, ΨS decreased substantially more as the ΨM decreased compared to the sandy loam soils. The reason could be that the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity in sandy soils decreased more rapidly as the ΨM decreased compared to the heavier soils. Thus could explain why the grapevines in the sandy soils experienced more water stress than the ones in the sandy loam soils at a given ΨM. Climate had a strong influence on grapevine water status with grapevines nearer to the ocean experiencing less water stress compared to the ones further inland. This was especially true for grapevines in the sandy soils. Vegetative growth and yield of grapevines in the sandy soils were more sensitive to water deficits compared to the ones in the sandy loam soils. For deficit irrigated grapevines in the sandy soils, vegetative growth and yield decreased by ca. 30% when ca. 55% less water was applied from flowering to harvest. Yield reduction were ca. 15% with no or very little influence on vegetative growth with ca. 80% reduction in water applied from flowering to harvest for grapevines in the sandy loam soils. The influence of soil texture on wine quality and style were evident under intensive irrigation as well as over different climatic regions. Overall sensorial potential wine quality of grapevines in sandy soils tended to be higher compared to the ones in the sandy loam soils. Deficit irrigation tended to increase wine colour intensity, irrespective of soil texture. Furthermore, deficit irrigation in sandy loam soils tended to increase wine fullness and the berry characteristics of the wine. Berry characteristics of wines from the sandy soils tended to be higher compared to the ones from the sandy loam soils. Too severe water deficits in sandy soils could be detrimental to wine quality. Climate tended to have an influence on wine style of grapevines in the sandy soils with wines produced further away from the ocean tended to have higher berry characteristics. Irrigation management could be a powerful tool to manipulate the grapevine in sandy soils. For grapevines the sandy loam soils in addition to regulated deficit irrigation, additional canopy management practices could be needed to improve wine quality.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Cabernet Sauvignon is die mees aangeplante rooidruif kultivar in die Suid-Afrikaanse wynbedryf. In die Olifantsriver streek is dit naas Shiraz, die tweede mees aangeplante rooidruif kultivar. Cabernet Sauvignon is bekend as ‘n groeikragtige skaamdraer. Indien oorbesproei word, kan hierdie potensiële nadelige eienskappe nog meer na vore tree. Die doel van die studie is om die invloed van die klimaat, grond en besproeiing op Cabernet Sauvignon se vegetatiewe groei, produksie en wyngehalte in die Benede Olifantsrivier streek te bepaal. Hierdie inligting kan produsente help om ingeligte kortsowel as langtermyn besluite te maak rakende die verbouing van Cabernet Sauvignon. Hierdie studie vorm deel van ‘n breër studie in die Suid-Afrikaanse wynbedryf, gedryf deur die Landbou Navorsingsraad (LNR) Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Stellenbosch om die invloed van atmosferiese toestande en grond op die produksie en wyngehalte van Cabernet Sauvignon te bepaal. Soortgelyke projekte word uitgevoer in die Oranjerivier, Stellenbosch en Swartland wynstreke. Die Benede Olifantsrivier streek kan verdeel word in drie klimaatstreke op grond van temperatuurdata. In terme van die ontwikkeling van druifkleur en aromas, kan die streek verdeel word in twee klimaatstreke. Die afstand vanaf die Atlantiese Oseaan kan ‘n belangrike rol speel in die ontwikkeling van ‘n kultivarriglynplan vir die streek. Grondwaterstatus, uitgedruk as die matrikspotensiaal (ΨM), kan aanleiding gee tot variasie in middag blaarwaterpotensiaal (ΨS) lesings. Die ΨS van die sand gronde verlaag vinniger soos die ΨM verlaag invergelyke met die sandleem gronde. Dit kan moontlik wees as gevolg van die verskil in die grond onversadigde hidroliese konduktiwiteit. Sand gronde se hidroliese konduktiwiteit verlaag vinniger soos die ΨM verlaag, invergelyke met sandleem gronde. Dit verklaar waarom wingerde in sand gronde by dieselfde ΨM, meer waterspanning ondervind as wingerde in sandleem gronde. Klimaat het ‘n invloed op die waterstatus van die wingerdstok. Wingerde nader aan die see het minder waterspanning ondervind invergelyke met wingerde wat verder in die binneland geleë is. Dit was veral die geval met wingerde in die sand gronde. Vegetatiewe groei en produksie van wingerde in die sand gronde is meer sensitief vir waterspanning as wingerde in die sandleem gronde. Tekortbesproeiing in die sand gronde het die groei asook produksie met ongeveer 30% verlaag deur ongeveer 55% minder water toe te dien vanaf blom tot oes. In teenstelling daarmee is die produksie van wingerde in die sandleem gronde met ongeveer 15% verlaag met geen tot baie min verlaging in die groeikrag. Ongeveer 80% minder water is toegedien vanaf blom tot oes. Grondtekstuur kan wyngehalte en -styl beïnvloed ten spyte van intensiewe besproeiing en klimaatsverskille. Sensoriese potensiële wyngehalte van wingerde in die sand gronde was beter invergelyke met dié van die sandleem gronde. Die wyne vanaf die sand gronde het ook geneig om oor meer bessie intensiteit te beskik as wyne vanaf die sandleem gronde. Tekortbesproeiing neig om die wynkleur intensiteit te verhoog, ongeag van grondtekstuur. Tekortbesproeiing in die sandleem gronde kan ook die volheid van die wyne verbeter, asook die bessie intensiteit van die wyn verhoog. Te hoë waterspanning in die sand gronde kan wyngehalte nadelig beïnvloed. Klimaat kan ook die wynstyl vanaf sand gronde beïnvloed met wyne verder vanaf die see wat oor meer bessie intensiteit beskik as wyne nader aan die see. Beheerde tekortbesproeiing kan as ‘n kragtige hulpmiddel gebruik word om wingerde in die sand gronde te manipuleer. Vir wingerde in die sandleem gronde, addisioneel tot beheerde tekortbesproeiing en normale loofbestuurspraktyke, kan ekstra loofbestuurspraktyke bv. die verwydering van sylootlote, dalk nodig wees om wyngehalte te verbeter.
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Birks, Peter Melville. "Relationships between climate indices, phenology and berry composition of Touriga Nacional in the Dão wine region." Master's thesis, ISA/UL, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/8611.
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Mestrado Vinifera EuroMaster - Instituto Superior de AgronomiaDespite the expansion and increasing popularity of Touriga Nacional in Portugal, there has not been extensive research into the variety’s response to different climate characteristics. The objective of this research was to test the relationships between different climate indices and berry composition and Phenology in Touriga Nacional in the Dão winegrowing region of Portugal. From the available data we can also explore any evolution of the climate, berry composition and phenology during the recorded years. Climate and plant data were analysed from records collected at the ‘Centro de Estudos Vitivinícolas do Dão’ in the Dão wine region of northern Portugal between 1963-2010. Six common climate indices were calculated from the climate data for each year of the recorded period. Berry composition and phenology records of Touriga Nacional planted at the research centre from the same period were also analysed. Any trends or changes in climate or plant data were analysed over the recorded period. All climate indices were correlated against the plant data results to investigate any relationships. An increase in the Growing Season Temperature Index (GST) during the studied period was observed that agreed with studies over a similar period in other parts of Europe. Various climate indices had some correlations with grape and vine parameters; generally acidity showed a reduction with increases in temperature-based indices. Budburst and harvest dates were confirmed to be hastened by higher temperatures. Also yield had a positive correlation with the Huglin Index (HI). HI had a better correlation with plant parameters because it is calculated over a 6-month (instead of 7-month) period. Understanding the relationship between Touriga Nacional and climate indices can help producers maximise the potential of this important Portuguese variety, as well as aid its expansion into other Portuguese regions and other regions throughout the world
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Shah, Anshu. "Effective Regional Development: A State-Wise Analysis of India." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2015. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1097.
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Regional Development is a potentially powerful approach to help lower the inequality among Indian states. This study uses a robust control model for residuals analysis of infrastructure levels (rate of rural electrification and provision of all-weathered roads) to identify states that are over-performing and under-performing. The results show that a large disparity exists in providing adequate infrastructure among Indian states. While states such as, Kerala and Tamil Nadu are outdoing expectations, Bihar and Uttar Pradesh are under-performing. A closer look at state policies adopted after the economic reforms, helped shed light on possible measures that under-performing states could adopt in order to improve standards of infrastructural development. Since infrastructure is closely related to overall economic development, adopting policies that are conducive to investments can help improve per capita income as well as the output of a state.
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Camp, Elizabeth H. "Wind Energy and Wind-Energy-Inspired Turbulent Wakes: Modulation of Structures, Mechanisms and Flow Regimes." PDXScholar, 2018. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4391.
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The interaction of turbulent wakes with one another and with the adjacent fluid directly impacts the generation of electricity in wind turbine arrays. Computational modeling is well suited to the repeated iterations of data generation that may be required to inform understanding of the function of wind farms as well as to develop control schemes for plant function. In order to perform such computational studies, a simplified model of the turbine must be implemented. One of the most computationally efficient parametrizations of the blade utilizes a stationary disk which has a prescribed drag and produces a wake. However, since accurate estimates of wake properties and the interaction with the surrounding fluid is critical to the function of wind farms, a comparison of the wakes emitted from a stationary disk model should be compared to that of a model with a rotating blade. Toward this end, an array of model rotating wind turbines is compared experimentally to an array of static porous disks. Stereo particle image velocimetry measurements are done in a wind tunnel bracketing the center turbine in the fourth row of a 4$\times$3 array of model turbines. Equivalent sets of rotors and porous disks are created by matching their respective induction factors. The similarities and differences in the wakes between these two cases are explored using time-averaged statistics. The primary difference in the mean velocity components was found in the spanwise mean velocity component, which is much as 190\% different between the rotor and disk cases. Conditional averaging of mean kinetic energy transport in wake from these two models reveals that a differing mechanism is responsible for the entrainment of mean kinetic energy in the near wake. In contrast, results imply that the stationary porous disk adequately represents the mean kinetic energy transport of a rotor in the far wake where rotation is less important. Proper orthogonal decomposition and analysis of the invariants of the Reynolds stress anisotropy tensor is done in order to examine large scale structure of the flow and characterize the turbulent wake produced by the porous disks and rotors. The spatial coherence uncovered via the proper orthogonal decomposition in the rotor case and its absence in the disk case suggests caution should be employed when applying stationary disk parametrization to research questions that are heavily dependent on flow structure. Motivated by questions on the impact of freestream turbulence on wakes in wind energy, a study of pairs of cylinders subject to varying levels of inflow turbulence is undertaken. Time-averaged statistics show a modification of the symmetry and development of the wakes originating from the pairs of cylinders in response to freestream turbulence. Recurrence-based phase averaging allowws examination of the many configurations of the wake and the modification of these topologies due to varying inflow turbulence. Results show the changes in vortex shedding synchronization as well as large scale cross stream advection in response to elevated levels of incoming turbulence.