Academic literature on the topic 'Wine industry – France'
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Journal articles on the topic "Wine industry – France"
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MARCU, Nicu, Georgeta-Madalina MEGHISAN-TOMA, Georgiana-Raluca LADARU, and Carmen-Elena DOBROTA. "Vineyards’ restructuring and conversion through national support programmes - the case of Romania." Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 48, no. 2 (June 30, 2020): 783–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nbha48211874.
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Wine industry is considered to be a traditional industry, where the potential for growth is still important for the existing wine producers and new entrants, based on strategies for increasing international awareness, technological innovation and financing program. The paper aims to explore the evolution of the determinants of wine and vineyards industry from a macroeconomic perspective, in order to assess the efficiency of the National Support Programmes, financed by the European Union. The exploration intends to cover the tendency of the following indicators: areas under vines, areas under vines for wines, wine producers, wine consumers, wine imports and wine exports, in order to explore new opportunities for growth and develop future orientation. Moreover, the analysis intends to address the importance of National Support Programmes 2009-2013; 2014-2018; 2019-2023, whose evolution is currently considered a key research question in the field. Romania is an important European country from the point of view of wine industry, the various wines it produces are known for their quality. With an area of around 180.000 ha cultivated with vines which, in 2016, represented 1,42% of its agricultural area and 2,28% of arable area, Romania ranks the 5th position in the European Union, after Spain, Italy, France and Portugal. However, the countries that took advantage of the financial funds allocated to the National Support Programmes, were: Italy, Spain and France, which together spent more than 70% of the total amount for each of these programmes.
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Carrol, Alison. "Wine Making and the Politics of Identity in Alsace, 1918–1939." Contemporary European History 29, no. 4 (November 2020): 380–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777320000375.
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This article examines the politics of wine making in Alsace in the two decades after the region returned to French rule in 1918. During these years Alsatian wine makers worked to transform their wines to meet the tastes of French drinkers, following five decades of producing wine for German consumption. As wine makers grappled with the question of how to secure the future of their industry, Alsatian wine became emblematic of the most contentious aspects of Alsace's reintegration into France. The introduction of new laws on viticulture raised the question of what was French about wine, the wine industry's woes symbolised the difficulties of Alsace's economic reintegration and wine became an emblem for often fierce wrangling over identity and belonging in the recovered region. This article traces this process and argues that while wine became a symbol of the complications of reintegration, its importance in understandings of French national culture equally allowed it to offer a solution to the problems that return to France caused for Alsace's wine industry in the interwar years. In this way, this case study of the politics of wine making in Alsace is suggestive of wine's broader power as a symbol of national belonging.
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Meloni, Giulia, and Johan Swinnen. "The Rise and Fall of the World's Largest Wine Exporter—And Its Institutional Legacy." Journal of Wine Economics 9, no. 1 (April 16, 2014): 3–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jwe.2014.3.
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AbstractThis paper analyzes the causes of the rise and the fall of the Algerian wine industry. It is hard to imagine in the twenty-first century global wine economy, but until about 50 years ago Algeria was the largest exporter of wine in the world—and by a wide margin. Between 1880 and 1930 Algerian wine production grew dramatically. Equally spectacular was the decline of Algerian wine production: today, Algeria produces and exports little wine. There was an important bidirectional impact between developments in the Algerian wine sector and French regulations. French regulations had a major impact on the Algerian wine industry, and the growth of the Algerian wine industry triggered the introduction of important wine regulations in France at the beginning of the twentieth century and during the 1930s. Important elements of these regulations are still present in European wine policy today. (JEL Classifications: K23, L51, N44, N54, Q13)
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Ouvrard, Stéphane, Sajjad M. Jasimuddin, and Antonio Spiga. "Does Sustainability Push to Reshape Business Models? Evidence from the European Wine Industry." Sustainability 12, no. 6 (March 24, 2020): 2561. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12062561.
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The wine industry is not free from environmental concerns. The paper intends to explore the owners/managers’ interest in environmental sustainability issues in their business model and to empirically understand a business model in the wine industry. Taking a qualitative approach, this exploratory study allows us to observe the phenomenon in a natural setting. Eleven interviewees were selected from wineries based in France and Italy. The study reveals that sustainability is an important issue in wine businesses that shapes the business model. Highlighting the environmental aspects of wine production, the four components of a business model, i.e., performance, resources, innovation, and value creation (PRIV), have emerged from the interviews. The sustainability and environmental issues are reflected in business models in the wine industry. The paper explains how these components of a business model work together to ensure sustainability practices by wine producers. This study proposes a model for future applications in winery businesses. The paper helps to understand that wine producers are very keen on environmentally friendly wine businesses.
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Barton, Lisa C., Sandra Painbéni, and Harry Barton. "Small Firms Crafting Growth Niches in the French Wine Industry: The Role of Entrepreneurial Marketing." International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation 13, no. 3 (August 2012): 211–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/ijei.2012.0087.
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The Case Study section of the International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation serves two purposes. First, the case studies presented are concerned with problematical issues that are pertinent to students of entrepreneurship. Thus they constitute appropriate teaching and learning vehicles on a variety of postgraduate and undergraduate programmes. Each case study is accompanied by a set of guidelines for the use of tutors. Second, it is envisaged that those engaged in entrepreneurial activities will find the cases both interesting and useful. This case study focuses on Domaine de Mourchon, a niche producer of Côtes du Rhône Villages, Séguret Wines in France, owned by the Scottish McKinlay family. The case explores the role of entrepreneurial marketing in helping small independent wine producers to craft strong niche positions in a mature industry. Over the last two decades, French wine producers have been faced with changing consumption and production patterns and fiercer competition, particularly from the New World wine producers. McKinlay entered wine production in 1998 at the height of the industry decline in France. The case allows for the exploration of how a small independent domaine has been proactive in integrating customer preferences, competitor intelligence and product knowledge into the process of creating and delivering superior value to customers in an attempt to achieve a strong market positioning. The activities of McKinlay highlight some of the important considerations for successful entrepreneurial marketing in an industry facing severe marketing problems. Learning objectives: a) to explore the role of entrepreneurial marketing in promoting small firm growth, particularly in mature and/or declining industries; (b) to assess branding and the establishment of or involvement in cooperative interorganizational networks as key factors in successful entrepreneurial marketing; and (c) to stimulate debate about the role of entrepreneurial marketing for small and large firms in different industries.
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Balogh, Jeremiás Máté, and Attila Jámbor. "The global competitiveness of European wine producers." British Food Journal 119, no. 9 (September 4, 2017): 2076–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-12-2016-0609.
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Purpose Comparative advantage is an important indicator in the analysis of international trade flow; however, in empirical studies on agriculture it is often neglected. The purpose of this paper is to analyse global comparative advantage in the European Union (EU) wine industry and to test the duration and stability of trade indices. Design/methodology/approach The paper applies the theory of comparative advantages by using the Balassa indices to European wine trade (based on the 16 biggest producers) data from the period 2000-2013. Moreover, it applies stability and duration analysis on comparative advantages calculated. Findings Results suggest that Bulgaria, Cyprus, France, Greece, Italy, Portugal, and Spain are the highest ranked European wine producers in the world market and have the largest comparative advantages. However, duration and stability tests indicate that trade advantages have weakened for the majority of these countries. The paper discusses a number of reasons for this downturn, including changes to Common Agricultural Policy wine regulation, economic crisis, and the rise of New World wine producers. Originality/value The originality of the paper is that it applies the theory of comparative advantage to top wine exporters in the EU. The paper also makes valuable contributions to the wine literature by analysing the duration and stability of comparative advantage in the global wine trade. Moreover, the identification of industry-specific causes for changing patterns in comparative advantage in the EU might be important to the wine industry.
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Ticau, Iulia Ruxandra. "Evolution of the wine market in Europe: trends and barriers in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic." Proceedings of the International Conference on Business Excellence 16, no. 1 (August 1, 2022): 918–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/picbe-2022-0086.
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Abstract Evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic has brought considerable transformations to the worldwide markets, creating an economic and sanitary crisis. Distribution channels were disrupted, affecting supply networks and business models. With restaurants and bars closed down, banned airlines and travel restrictions implemented, the economic well-being of worldwide industries got disturbed. As global decreases in alcohol trade were registered, wine market was appraised an industry worthy of being taken under consideration, with focus on its market size, incurred revenues, price evolution and degree of embracing digitalization to adapt to the ongoing restrictions imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic. The latter one referring to traditional wine tasting rooms which were banned due to the lockdown, wine industry found online wine tasting as a profitable alternative. The presented metrics were analyzed in Europe, with a high focus on region’s main wine producers: France, Spain, Italy, Germany and Portugal, but not only. Research followed an exploratory approach to determine changes under pandemic restrictions, lockdown and finally economic crisis in the selected industry, by engaging international available data and statistics. The study, therefore, formulated relevant hypothesis based on market size and registered revenues, price evolution and adoption of online wine tasting strategies. Results of the paper highlight decreases in market size and revenues of European wine market, however, on the long-term, industry revival is forecasted. Prices slightly decreased mainly for prestigious wines (AOP labelled), showing consumer budget restraints brought by the crisis. European’s wine market digitalization show differences among countries, with Germany being a leader for engaging such technologies. Our paper brings a snapshot of current trends and barriers under the COVID-19 pandemic, acting as a future basis and guidance for researchers in the field.
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Lecat, Benoit, Joelle Brouard, and Claude Chapuis. "Fraud and counterfeit wines in France: an overview and perspectives." British Food Journal 119, no. 1 (January 3, 2017): 84–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-09-2016-0398.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze the specificities of wine forgery today and to show the perspectives offered to the different stakeholders in the wine industry. Design/methodology/approach Owing to the technical aspects of this paper, a literature review based on academic papers (history) and articles coming from the professional press, internet websites and public organizations was made. Findings It was found that frauds have always existed. Forgers are constantly in search of new ways of counterfeiting wines. Producers have had to adapt to the various forms of counterfeiting, mainly by resorting to modern technology. As the traceability of great wines is becoming crucial, a new type of relationships between producers anxious to offer genuine estate wines and consumers anxious to drink the bottles they ordered has developed. This new constraint became a marketing opportunity for producers. Research limitations/implications It was difficult to obtain official data (interviews or surveys) because of the sensitiveness of the topic. Practical implications This paper, which offers an inventory of the methods used by forgers to deceive customers, makes both producers and consumers aware of the extent of the problem. The counterfeiting phenomenon is dangerous for producers’ image and the technological changes are a tool allowing producers to protect their wine and reinforce their relationships with consumers. Originality/value This paper gives an overview of forgers’ ploys in France. It opens a discussion about perspectives for the different stakeholders while most of the research tends to focus on technical solutions and the analysis of specific affairs which received media coverage.
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Dubois, Magalie, Lara Agnoli, Jean-Marie Cardebat, Raúl Compés, Benoit Faye, Bernd Frick, Davide Gaeta, et al. "Did Wine Consumption Change During the COVID-19 Lockdown in France, Italy, Spain, and Portugal?" Journal of Wine Economics 16, no. 2 (May 2021): 131–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jwe.2021.19.
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AbstractThis article documents how the COVID-19 crisis has affected the drinking behavior of Latin European wine consumers. Using a large online survey conducted during the first lockdown in France, Italy, Portugal, and Spain (n = 7,324 individuals), we reconstruct the purchasing and consumption patterns of the respondents. The number of people who maintained their wine consumption frequency is significantly higher than those who increased or decreased their consumption. Wine consumption frequency held up better than other types of alcohol (beer and spirits). We analyze heterogeneities among countries and individuals by employing the Marascuilo procedure and an ordered logit model. The latter identifies the impact of demographic, commercial, and psychosocial factors on wine consumption frequency. The results shed light on changes in wine consumer behavior during the first lockdown and consider possible post-lockdown trends that could be useful to industry players. (JEL Classifications: D5, L66, Q1)
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Iazzi, Antonio, Paola Scorrano, Pierfelice Rosato, and Balakrishna Grandhi. "Millennial generation preferences for rosé wine." British Food Journal 122, no. 8 (December 17, 2019): 2443–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-07-2019-0478.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to verify the preferences for the purchase of rosé wine by Italian and French Millennials, with the aim of allowing Italian companies to acquire knowledge in improving the positioning of this product in both the Italian and French markets. Design/methodology/approach The study involved a descriptive survey conducted between December 2018 and January 2019 on Millennials residing in Italy and France, intercepted via Facebook. In total, 500 valid responses to a highly structured self-administered questionnaire were collected. Descriptive and multivariate analysis techniques were used to examine the responses. Findings The two groups of Millennials show different preferences in the purchase of rosé wine. French Millennials rarely buy the product, and perhaps only for reasonable prices. Their purchasing process involves no characteristics of particular importance. On the other hand, Italian Millennials buy the product with a higher frequency and show a greater propensity to spend. In general, they attribute greater importance (though not a great deal of importance) to the characteristics of the product, paying attention to both its intrinsic aspects and its territorial origin and the quality certifications. Research limitations/implications The main limitation of the research is the small sample size. Future insights into the consumption of rosé wine will be sought in other significant European markets. Practical implications This study is of value to academic researchers, wine industry practitioners and other members of the wine distribution channel, as it provides insights into consumer behavior differences. Originality/value This research is the first to compare rosé wine preferences of Millennials in France and Italy.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Wine industry – France"
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Gatelier, Elsa. "De la ressource territoriale « vin » à l’architecture du service œnotouristique : une application au cas du vignoble champenois." Thesis, Reims, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REIME003/document.
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La question du développement de l’œnotourisme s’est imposée dans les vignobles depuis une vingtaine d’années. Des retombées sont attendues de cette activité tant en matière de notoriété et de ventes des vins que de dynamisme économique local. Cependant, le développement de l’œnotourisme n’est ni systématique ni uniforme dans les vignobles. Ce constat conduit la thèse à questionner la diversité de l’œnotourisme et à en développer une compréhension. L’hypothèse principale est que la diversité de l’œnotourisme est imputable à la diversité des contextes vitivinicoles dans lesquels cette activité émerge. En prenant appui sur la vitiviniculture locale, l’œnotourisme est fortement influencé par son fonctionnement. À partir d’une analyse puisant dans l’économie territoriale, l’économie des services et les théories institutionnalistes de la firme, la thèse met en évidence que les stratégies des professionnels du vin – du fait qu’ils sont simultanément les acteurs centraux de la vitiviniculture et de l’œnotourisme – matérialisent l’influence qu’exerce le contexte vitivinicole sur l’œnotourisme. L’application au cas du vignoble champenois du cadre analytique construit corrobore cette hypothèse : les spécificités organisationnelles de la filière du champagne et la géographie particulière de son vignoble ont des implications sur les stratégies œnotouristiques (individuelles et collectives) des professionnels du champagne et, par conséquent, sur la forme de l’œnotourisme localWine tourism has been a growing issue in vineyards since the last twenty years. Benefits are expected from its development for both wines sales and local economic development. However, wine tourism development is neither systematic nor uniform in vineyards. This observation leads the thesis to question the diversity of wine tourism and to develop its understanding. The main hypothesis is about the existence of a link between wine tourism diversity and wine industry diversity. Using an analysis based on regional economics, services economics and institutional theories of the firm, the thesis explains how local wine industry attributes influence local wine tourism. It highlights that the strategies of wine professionals play a key role in that influence – because they are simultaneously the central actors in the wine industry and in wine tourism. The application of the analytical framework to the champagne case confirms the hypothesis: the specific organization of the champagne industry and the particular geography of its vineyard affect the wine tourism strategies (individual and collective) of champagne professionals. It consequently gives local wine tourism a specific shape
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Duquesnois, Franck. "LES STRATÉGIES DES PETITES ENTREPRISES DANS LES INDUSTRIES EN CRISE : Une étude des caves particulières de la région vitivinicole du Languedoc-Roussillon." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00765657.
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" Ici, les viticulteurs se cachent pour mourir... " témoigne en 2011 le président de la chambre régionale d'agriculture du Languedoc-Roussillon. Notre travail de thèse s'intéresse aux choix stratégiques et aux comportements concurrentiels des (très) petites entreprises dans le contexte d'une industrie vitivinicole en crise de la région Languedoc-Roussillon. Nous avons alors constaté qu'il existe très peu de travaux de recherche sur l'identification des stratégies suivies par les petites entreprises dans des industries en crise. Dans notre cadre conceptuel, nous nous attacherons donc à identifier des travaux proches concernant les stratégies dans les secteurs en déclin ou en dérégulation, dans l'hypercompétition ou encore dans divers contextes économiquement difficiles. Plus précisément, notre recherche tentera d'apporter des éléments de réponse face aux interrogations toutes en lien avec un contexte de crise caractérisé par une raréfaction des ressources et une baisse importante des performances. Quels sont les comportements adoptés par les petites entreprises et comment expliquer les différents niveaux de performance observés au sein d'un seul et même contexte de crise ? Des liens existent-ils entre les choix stratégiques des petites entreprises et leurs performances économiques ? Quels sont les déterminants, notamment managériaux, des succès et des échecs de ces stratégies ? Pour conduire cette recherche, nous avons procédé à une phase qualitative exploratoire afin d'affiner nos propositions de recherche issues de la littérature. Nous avons alors formulé des hypothèses de recherche que nous avons testées avec SPSS lors d'une phase quantitative et à partir de questionnaires interrogeant, sur la période 2000 à 2007, les comportements adoptés par 160 caves particulières de la région. Concernant nos résultats descriptifs, ils montrent que les petites entreprises cherchent leur salut dans des stratégies de spécialisation et de différenciation plutôt que dans des stratégies de coûts bas. Nos résultats mettent aussi en évidence que la recherche d'informations et la prospection sont des pratiques qui améliorent la performance de la petite entreprise en contexte de crise. Ces pratiques sont elles-mêmes renforcées par la réactivité et la recherche d'indépendance du dirigeant. Par là-même, nos résultats soulignent l'impact du dirigeant sur la performance de la petite entreprise, plus particulièrement à travers sa capacité à comprendre les nouvelles formes de pression concurrentielle ou encore du fait de sa propension à rechercher une forme d'indépendance, notamment financière, en contexte de crise.
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Maurel, Carole. "Les déterminants financiers de la performance export des PME : le cas de la filière vin française." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON10003.
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Cette thèse explore la dimension financière de la performance export. Notre réflexion s'articule autour de deux études. La première, à visée exploratoire, présente dans un modèle théorique syncrétique général mais également spécifique à la filière vin, l'ensemble des déterminants (financiers et non financiers) de la performance export des PME. Nous y avons également testé l'existence de ces déterminants sur la performance export (ventes export et intensité export) d'un échantillon d'entreprises exportatrices de la filière vin française. A partir de cette étude préalable, nous avons pu, dans une étude approfondie, et grâce à une transposition des théories financières au contexte de l'exportation, élaborer un modèle reliant la performance export à plusieurs déterminants financiers (besoins financiers, structure financière et contrainte financière) de manière globale, mais aussi en fonction du niveau de développement export des PME. La performance export a été évaluée non seulement à travers l'intensité export, mais également par une mesure innovante de performance financière. Ce modèle a ensuite été testé sur un échantillon de 311 PME exportatrices. Les analyses confirment l'existence de besoins financiers spécifiques. La structure financière ainsi que le niveau de contrainte financière évoluent en fonction du niveau de performance export alors qu'une situation de fragilité financière généralisée est constatée quel que soit le niveau de performance exportThis thesis explores the financial dimension of export performance, for which we noticed insufficient theoretical developments. Our research consists in two studies. The first one is exploratory and presents a syncretic theoretical model of SMEs export performance determinants (both financial and non financial) in general and in the wine industry. In this study, we also test this model on the export performance (export sales and export intensity) of a sample of French wine companies. Then, by adapting financial theories to exporting, we build a model relating export performance to several financial determinants (financial needs, financial structure and financial constraint) first globally and then according to the export development of SMEs. Export performance is assessed not only through export intensity but also through an innovative financial performance measure. This model has been tested on a sample of 311 exporting SMEs. Analyses confirm the presence of specific financial needs. The financial structure as well as financial constraints evolve according to the level of export performance while a general financial fragility is observed whatever the level of export performance is
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Garcia, Romain. "L'implantation des parcs éoliens et l'acceptabilité des installations par la population : Le cas des communes rurales du Centre-Ouest de la France (Indre, Vienne, Haute-Vienne)." Thesis, Orléans, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ORLE1174.
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Le développement éolien a pris son essor en France dans les années 2000, sous le coup des différentes directives européennes. Les objectifs fixés pour 2030 sont d’atteindre 32% d’énergie renouvelable dans la consommation énergétique finale. Néanmoins, les conflits d’usages liés à l’implantation de l’une EnR les plus mature, l’éolien, freine le développement de cette énergie. L’acceptabilité représente un enjeu crucial pour tenir les objectifs fixés au niveau européen, et pour assurer aux espaces ruraux supports de cette énergie des retombées économiques supplémentaires. Dans le cadre de la recherche, on s’est intéressé à des projets éoliens situés dans le Civraisien (Vienne), en Champagne Berrichonne (Indre) et dans la Basse Marche (Haute-Vienne). L’étude de ces projets éoliens a permis d’établir les facteurs l’acceptabilité, et de proposer des préconisations à destination des porteurs de projet éolien. Ainsi, la réalisation d’un projet de territoire, intégrant les attentes des citoyens et les caractéristiques territoriales des communes supports sont des éléments essentiels dans l’acceptabilité des projetsWind development start in France in the 2000s, under the various European directives. The targets set for 2030 are to achieve 32% renewable energy at the final energy consumption. Nevertheless, the conflicts of use related to the implantation of the one more mature RE, the wind, hinders the development of this energy. Acceptability is a crucial issue for achieving the objectives set at European level, and for providing rural areas supporting this energy with additional economic benefits. As part of the research, we were interested to wind projects located in Civraisien (Vienne), Champagne Berrichonne (Indre) and Basse Marche (Haute-Vienne). The study of these wind projects has made it possible to establish the factors acceptability, and to propose recommendations for the holders of this energy. Thus, the realization of a territorial project, integrating the expectations of the citizens and the territorial characteristics of the support communes are essential elements in the acceptability of these projects
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Le, Bras Stéphane. "Négoce et négociants en vins dans l'Hérault : pratiques, influences, trajectoires (1900-1970)." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON30026.
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Lorsque s’ouvre le XXe siècle, le marché des vins languedociens est rendu particulièrement instable par les conséquences féroces de la crise phylloxérique : aux vins produits en abondance par les nouvelles vignes du Midi viennent s’ajouter quantités de marchandises fraudées et de vins importés qui saturent d’autant le marché. Dans ce contexte turbulent et nouveau, les négociants languedociens subissent également les effets de ces profonds bouleversements. Intermédiaires essentiels entre la production et la consommation, ils doivent ainsi s’adapter dans leurs pratiques et dans leur inscription au sein de réseaux commerciaux rayonnant principalement sur l’ensemble du territoire national. Au gré de l’étude d’archives administratives, institutionnelles, syndicales, entrepreneuriales et familiales originales sur un temps relativement long, ce travail de recherche analyse de manière diachronique et systémique la trajectoire d’un groupe socio-professionnel hétérogène mais constituant un agent économique homogène. À travers un emboitement d’échelles et une variation des focales de 1900 à 1970, cette étude vise ainsi à décrypter les mécanismes de domination et de rayonnement d’un protagoniste incontournable de l’histoire viti-vinicole française, puis les facteurs de son effacement progressif. S’inscrivant dans la lignée des travaux socio-économiques sur l’histoire de la civilisation viticole languedocienne, cette thèse étudie une figure oubliée de la viticulture méridionale et nationale, le négociant en vins héraultais. Elle réhabilite la destinée d’un acteur majeur de la filière et de la société qui, au rythme des réussites et des épreuves, traduit son apogée puis son déclinAs the XXth century is opening, the market of Languedoc wines is made particularly unstable by the wild consequences of the phylloxera crisis: wines produced in abundance by vineyards recently planted in the South are added to quantities of cheated wines and imported ones which saturate the market. In these troubled and new circumstances, the wine wholesalers from Languedoc are also affected by these profound upheavals. Indeed, being essential intermediaries between the production and the consumption, they experience numerous transformations in their practices and in their inscription within commercial networks spreading mainly on the national territory. Through the study of original administrative, institutional, labor-union, entrepreneurial and family archives on a relatively long time, this work analyzes in a diachronic and systematic way the trajectory of a heterogeneous social and professional group, yet constituting a homogeneous economic agent. Using different scales and a variation of the focal distances between 1900 and 1970, this study aims at deciphering the mechanisms of domination and influence of a major figure of the French wine-producing history, then the factors of its progressive disappearance. Following the tradition of the socioeconomic works on the wine civilization from Languedoc, this thesis studies a long-time forgotten operator of the southern and national wine-growing industry, the wine wholesaler from Hérault. It redraws the fate of a leading player of the sector, who is facing success and ordeals, conveying its peak then its decline
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Mancebo, Garcia Mariele. "Terminologie et discours au sein d'une filière viti-vinicole : le cas des Crémants de Bourgogne." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCH029.
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La problématique générale de cette étude qui touche à la construction discursive et terminologique de l’expérience mémorielle et sensorielle de la dégustation de Crémant de Bourgogne. Il s’agit de répondre, globalement, à la question de savoir comment mieux communiquer sur le Crémant de Bourgogne en France et à l’étranger en utilisant la terminologie et le discours adaptés – l’angle d’attaque est donc tout autant langagier que « culturel ».Pour accroître la part de marché du Crémant de Bourgogne dans la vente de vins effervescents, cette étude scientifique propose ainsi de comprendre les choix terminologiques des consommateurs dans la construction de leurs discours in situ et hors site, et d’envisager la façon dont ces choix s’articulent avec ceux des experts et/ou de la stratégie marketing sous-jacente. Cette thèse vise ainsi à faire une analyse discursive comparée de la construction discursive, terminologique et sensorielle des termes et des descripteurs utilisés en français par des experts et non-experts, à partir de corpus de description et de dégustation du Crémant de Bourgogne.Une étude complémentaire à cette première vient enrichir ces travaux par une analyse de la construction discursive et du choix terminologie en langue portugaise autour des espumantes brésiliens, produit similaire au Crémant de Bourgogne. Cette fois, l’objectif est de voir comment ce discours se construit et s’articule avec le discours français, et comment sont utilisés les termes et les descripteurs par des experts et non-experts natifs dans une langue-culture où la consommation de vin n’est pas ancrée culturellement, mais où la production et la commercialisation d’espumantes est en plein essor.A partir d’une construction croisée des ces termes et descripteurs, nous envisageons d’étudier la dimension culturelle présidant au choix de ces derniers par les énonciateurs-dégustateurs afin de fournir les éléments pour établir une base terminologique partant des discours et savoirs experts et permettront la construction d’un discours propre à la filière impactant donc la stratégie de communication adoptée auprès des consommateursThe general problem addressed in this study concerns the discursive and terminological construction of the memorial and sensorial experience of tasting the Crémant de Bourgogne. It is a matter of generally responding to the question of how to improve communication about this product in France and abroad using adapted terminology and speech. Therefore, the targeted aspect is both idiomatic and cultural.In order to increase Crémant de Bourgogne's share in sparkling wines market, this scientific study seeks to understand the terminological choices of consumers in the construction of their speech in the presence of stimuli (in situ) or without the presence of stimuli (hors site). In addition to that, the research will also consider to what extent these choices are articulated with those of the specialists and with the underlying marketing strategy. This doctoral thesis aims to carry out a contrast analysis of the discursive, terminological and sensorial construction of terms and descriptors used in French by specialists and non-specialists based on the corpus of descriptions and tastings of the Crémant de Bourgogne.A complementary study will enrich this work with the analysis of the discursive and terminological construction in Portuguese regarding the Brazilian sparkling wines that are similar to the Crémant de Bourgogne. In this particular instance, the objective is to observe how this speech builds up and articulates with the one in French, as well as how specialists and native non-specialists in a language-culture, in which the consumption of sparkling wines is growing, use the terms and descriptions.Using a cross-construction of these terms and descriptors, we intend to study the cultural dimension that influences those choices by the enunciator-consumers in order to provide the necessary elements to establish a terminological base. This base will start from the speeches and expertise of the specialists and will allow the construction of a specific speech of the sector capable of influencing the communication strategy adopted with the consumers
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Hoarau, Quentin. "Out with the Pipes, in with the Plugs : On the Economics of the Energy Transition in the Automobile Sector Interactions between electric mobility and photovoltaic generation Network tariff design with prosumers and electromobility: Who wins, who loses Stranded to be? Diesel ban and used car markets. Coordination of abatements and policies with sector coupling technologies." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASI006.
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Le développement de la mobilité électrique est le principal compromis technologique qui peut permettre au secteur automobile de réduire drastiquement ses émissions de gaz à effet de serre et de polluants locaux. Du retrait des véhicules thermiques à l'intégration des véhicules électriques dans le système électrique, cette thèse étudie plusieurs aspects économiques de cette transition énergétique.Le premier chapitre étudie empiriquement les effets des politiques urbaines de restriction de circulation des véhicules les plus polluants, en analysant le comportement de vendeur de voitures sur les marchés locaux de l’occasion.Le deuxième chapitre étudie théoriquement les conditions optimales de l’électrification du parc automobile. Il donne notamment des recommandations quant à la coordination de politiques sectorielles. Le troisième poursuit en détaillant les interactions entre mobilité électrique et énergie photovoltaique. Il développe un cadre d’analyse mettant en évidence les conditions techniques et économiques de ces interactions donnant lieu à une synergie.Le quatrième chapitre discute des effets distributifs de la tarification de l’accès aux réseaux électriques en présence de développement conjoint de la mobilité électrique et sources de production d’électricité décentraliséeThe development of electric mobility is the main technological compromise that will allow the automobile sector to drastically reduce its emissions of greenhouse gases and air pollutants. From the ban of thermal vehicles to the integration of electric vehicles in the power sector, this dissertation investigates several economic aspects of this transition.First, it empirically studies the impacts of urban policies that limit the access of most polluting vehicles by analyzing the behavior of car sellers on second-hand markets. Then, it theoretically precises the optimal conditions of the electrification of the automobile fleet how governments may plan support policies for electric vehicles that take into account their interaction with the power system.Third, it investigates the interaction between electric mobility and photovoltaic energy. It develops a systematic framework that enlightens technical and economic conditions of synergy.Fourth, it discusses the distributional effects from tariff design of power network with both distributed energy resources and electric mobility
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Delamarre, Arnaud. "Les commerces locaux dans les villes mondiales. L’essor des commerces de vin à Paris et New York." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUL091.
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Avec une approche culturelle et sociale de la géographie du commerce et de la consommation, cette thèse a comme objectif de montrer comment le commerce de quartier de villes mondiales met en évidence l’articulation de dynamiques globales et locales par les modes de consommation. Le commerce de vin s’avère un cas d’étude particulièrement révélateur de ces processus. Les villes mondiales sont des interfaces par lesquelles de modes de vie et de consommation circulent et s’échangent à l’échelle planétaire. Ces modes de consommation se spatialisent et se visibilisent au sein des quartiers centraux des villes mondiales. Marqués par un processus de gentrification résidentielle et commerciale, ces quartiers de villes mondiales concentrent des modes de consommation mondialisés adossés à des esthétiques commerciales, dont les signes sont visibles dans le paysage des commerces de vin. Depuis les années 1970, la mondialisation du vin entraîne une circulation des manières de consommer le vin et aboutit à une hybridation des significations qui lui sont associées. Le vin a gagné un statut de produit alimentaire glocal, associant des significations mondiales (par sa production, consommation et diffusion) à d’autres plus délimitées spatialement (terroir ou local). À travers une approche qualitative (entretiens avec les cavistes), nous montrons que l’esthétisation des commerces de vin dans deux villes mondiales (Paris et New York) construit des discours sur le vin dont les multiples significations révèlent des transferts culturels. Ces nouveaux discours du vin, traduits par des expériences commerciales inédites, résonnent avec les aspirations postmodernes des habitants et consommateurs de type bobos, et attestent d’une glocalisation par les pratiques de consommation au sein des territoires mondialisésAdopting a cultural and social approach of the geography of commerce and consumption, the aim of this thesis is to show how the neighborhood local shops from World cities highlight the articulation of global and local dynamics through special patterns of consumption. The wine shop, as a place, is a particularly representative case study of these processes. World cities are the scene of lifestyle interfaces, where patterns of consumption are circulating and are exchanged on a global scale. These patterns of consumption are spatialized, and are mostly visible in city centre, or in historical and culturally-charged sections. Marked by a process of residential and commercial gentrification, central districts of world cities concentrate global consumption patterns linked to commercial aesthetics, whose signs are visible in wine shops-induced landscape. Since the 1970s, the globalization of wine has led to a diffusion of ways of consuming wine, which result in the hybridization of the meanings associated with it. Wine has gained a status of glocal food product, combining global meanings (by its production, consumption and diffusion) with others more spatially delimited (terroir or local). Through a qualitative approach (interviews with wine merchants), we show the estheticization of wine shops in two World cities (Paris and New York), discuss and analyses wine discourses, that reveal cultural transfers. These new wine discourses, translated by new and innovative commercial experiences, resonate with the postmodern aspirations of bobos-type residents and consumers, and shows the extend of glocalization by consumption practices within globalized urban localities
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Durand, Sébastien. "Les entreprises de la Gironde occupée (1940-1944) : restrictions, intégrations, adaptations." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BOR30049.
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Tandis que la Drôle de Guerre est l’occasion d’une première confrontation avec la réglementation et la réquisition, la signature de l’armistice marque pour les entreprises de la Gironde occupée le début d’un dialogue complexe et fécond avec le gouvernement de Vichy et les autorités allemandes. Celles-ci font face à une polycratie franco-allemande, imposant des nouveaux cadres, administratifs et territoriaux, à leur activité. L’entreprise devient un enjeu réel de pouvoir. Apparaissent à la fois des réels points de convergence (aryanisation des « entreprises juives », rémunérations du travail) et d’importantes surfaces de tension (contrôle du port, concentration de la production, départ d’ouvriers pour l’Allemagne). Par ailleurs, le régime de Vichy ne lésine pas sur les moyens, en vue de faire de l’entreprise une vitrine idéologique (Révolution nationale) : cérémonies collectives, structures d’entraide, corporatismes, associations politiques, mouvements collaborationnistes. Armé d’un redoutable arsenal législatif et répressif, il parvient – avec le soutien des Allemands – à en faire un lieu d’exclusion, d’où sont violemment extraits les éléments jugés indésirables, que ce soit pour leurs activités politiques (les communistes) ou pour leur appartenance religieuse abusivement qualifiée de « raciale » (les juifs). À l’inverse, la stratégie consistant à faire de chaque établissement un lieu d’intégration à ses idéaux, ne rencontre qu’un succès mitigé. L’attachement des acteurs de l’entreprise à la personne même du maréchal Pétain, réel au début de la période, s’estompe sous l’effet des épreuves et des sujétions dont sont victimes les Girondins. De ce point de vue, la politique sociale de l’État français (Charte du travail et comités sociaux) ne lui permet pas – sauf exception – de « ramener » patrons et ouvriers dans le giron vichyste. Dans un contexte de graves pénuries (matières premières, main-d’œuvre, moyens de transport), les entreprises girondines cherchent bien des alternatives à ce qu’on appelle communément la « collaboration économique » : utilisation de produits de remplacement, reconversion des activités, réadaptation de l’appareil productif, essor des pratiques illicites (marché noir). Mais rares sont les patrons à ne pas devoir se poser la question de l’opportunité de proposer une offre de services à l’occupant. Cette offre est largement répandue, mais variable selon les métiers, les branches et les temps de l’Occupation. Les occupants tirent ainsi profit des atouts du tissu économique local, puisqu’ils parviennent à intégrer à leur économie de guerre les industries anciennement mobilisées pour la Défense nationale et plus encore les richesses tirées du sol girondin : le bois, la résine, le vinWhile the Phoney War occasioned a first confrontation with regulations and requisition, the signing of the Armistice marked the start of a complex period for the enterprises in occupied Gironde, in that it prompted a fruitful dialogue with the Vichy government and the German authorities. These enterprises faced a French German polycracy, which imposed new administrative and territorial executives on their activities. Enterprise became a real power issue. There were points of convergence (the aryanisation of “Jewish enterprises”, the remuneration of work) as there were of conflict (the control of the port, the concentration of production, the workers' departure for Germany). Moreover, the Vichy regime did all it could to make enterprise an ideological showcase (“Révolution Nationale”): ceremonies, support groups, corporatism, political associations, collaborationist movements. Armed with a formidable legislative and repressive arsenal, it managed – with the support of the Germans – to create a place of exclusion, from which were violently removed, any elements that were judged undesirable either for their political activities (communists) or for their religious affiliation, abusively qualified as “racial” (Jews). On the contrary, the strategy which consisted in making each establishment a place of integration of its ideals, was not met with much success. The attachment that the actors of the enterprises had for Maréchal Pétain himself, which was very real in the beginning, soon faded with the trials and constraints that the people of Gironde had to suffer. From this point of view, the social policy of the French State (“Charte du Travail”) did not allow it – with some exceptions – to “bring” employers and workers back to the Vichy realm. In a context of severe shortage (primary goods, labour and means of transport), enterprises in Gironde looked for alternatives to what we commonly call the “economic collaboration”: use of products of replacement, reconversion of activities, readjustment of the productive machine, development of illicit practices (black market). Few entrepreneurs, however, missed the business opportunity that lay in offering their services to the occupying forces. These services were widespread, but varied according to jobs, fields of activity and times of the Occupation. In this way, the occupying forces benefited, from the strengths of the local economic fabric, since they managed to integrate into their war economy not only the industries that had earlier been mobilized for the “Défense Nationale” but also the natural resources of the land: wood, resin, wine
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Clément, Paul. "Les productions d’huile et de vin dans les Alpes-Maritimes antiques." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM3020.
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L'étude a consisté à effectuer l'inventaire, dans l'actuel département des Alpes-Maritimes, des sites archéologiques ayant produit de l'huile d'olive et du vin et à établir le catalogue des mobiliers dédiés à ces productions. A fin 2015, 70 sites ont été répertoriés, comportant 250 éléments de mobiliers appartenant principalement à des installations de pressage, ainsi qu'à quelques moulins à broyer les olives de type mola olearia, qui ont fait chacun l'objet d'une fiche. Les installations de pressage ont connu leur plus fort développement au début de l'Empire romain. Alors que la plupart des installations vinicoles cessent de produire au IIe siècle ap. J.-C. ou au début du IIIe siècle, , la production d'huile d'olive, après un ralentissement au IIIe s., est relancée au Bas-Empire, jusqu'à l'Antiquité tardive. Cette étude donne un premier aperçu global des aspects technologiques et économiques des productions d'huile d'olive et de vin dans la régionThis work presents a catalogue of archeological sites and equipments related to the production of olive oil and wine in the present Département des Alpes-Maritimes. By the end of 2015, 70 sites had been indexed, including 250 archeological items , mostly concerning pressing facilities and some crushing mills (molae oleariae); all of which have been recorded on individual data sheets. The major development of the rural press settlements was found at the beginning of the Roman Empire. While most wineries stopped producing during the 2nd century A.C. or in the early 3rd century, the production of olive oil, after a slowing down in the 3rd century, experienced a revival during the Low Empire and until the Late Antiquity. The analysis has given a global first insight into the economic and technological dimensions of olive oil and wine production in the region
Books on the topic "Wine industry – France"
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France, ton vin est dans le rouge. Paris: Bourin, 2011.
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française, France Documentation, ed. La vigne et le vin: Mutations économiques en France et dans le monde. [Paris]: Documentation française, 2010.
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Brennan, Thomas Edward. Burgundy to Champagne: The wine trade in early modern France. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1997.
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Smith, Andy. Vin et politique: Bordeaux, la France, la mondialisation. Paris: Presses de Sciences Po, 2007.
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de, Maillard Jacques, and Costa Olivier, eds. Vin et politique: Bordeaux, la France, la mondialisation. Paris: Presses de Sciences Po, 2007.
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France. Conseil économique et social. Vignes et vins de France: Agir pour l'avenir : séances des 12 et 18 mai 1992. Paris: Direction des Journaux officiels, 1992.
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The wine revolution in France: The twentieth century. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press, 1990.
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Painbéni, Sandra. La Chine aime les vins de France: Marché émergent ou marché concurrent? Bluffy, France: Éditions Kawa, 2014.
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Vintages and traditions: An ethnohistory of southwest French wine cooperatives. Washington, D.C: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1996.
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Certain table wine from the Federal Republic of Germany, France, and Italy: Determinations of the Commission in investigations nos. 701-TA-258-260 (preliminary) under the Tariff Act of 1930, together with the information obtained in the investigations : determinations of the Commission in investigations nos. 731-TA-283-285 (preliminary) under the Tariff Act of 1930, together with the information obtained in the investigations. Washington D.C: U.S. International Trade Commission, 1985.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Wine industry – France"
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Reynolds, A. G. "Grapevine breeding in France – a historical perspective." In Grapevine Breeding Programs for the Wine Industry, 65–76. Elsevier, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-78242-075-0.00004-1.
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Simpson, James. "Conclusion." In Creating Wine. Princeton University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691136035.003.0012.
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This concluding chapter takes a brief look at the changes that took place among traditional producer countries in Europe and then offers some comments concerning the obstacles facing the producers in the New World. It finishes with reflections on the extent to which the organization of the wine industry today is the result of changes that took place before 1914. These changes were not uniform, and by 1914 major differences were found in the organization of production and marketing of commodity wines in places as far-flung as France, California, South Australia, and Mendoza. Even within a country such as France, new and differing institutions had appeared that altered market incentives for growers, winemakers, and merchants in places such as Bordeaux, Reims, and Montpellier.
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Marco-Lajara, Bartolomé, Patrocinio Zaragoza-Sáez, Javier Martínez-Falcó, and Eduardo Sánchez-García. "The Internationalization of the Spanish Wine Industry." In The Transformation of Global Trade in a New World, 22–46. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-5950-8.ch002.
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The Spanish wine industry is a world leader in terms of wine exports by volume and third in terms of the value of these exports, behind only France and Italy. Spanish wine is therefore present in the world's main wine consuming markets, contributing to the maintenance and even improvement of the Spain brand on an international scale. Through a descriptive analysis carried out with secondary sources of information, this research aims to analyze wine trade flows as well as the degree of concentration of these flows in order to determine the degree of equality or inequality among Spanish wine exporters. The results show that for the last decade Spain has had a surplus in the wine trade balance of more than 2,000 million euros per year, and more than 80% of the wineries export on a regular basis, with a high concentration of large wineries.
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Simpson, James. "Surviving Success in the Midi: Growers, Merchants, and the State." In Creating Wine. Princeton University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691136035.003.0003.
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This chapter looks at the experience of the Midi, France's cheapest wine producer. After examining long-run changes in France's domestic wine supply, and in particular merchants' attempts to augment supply during the phylloxera epidemic by adulteration, it shows how the changes in political strength of small farmers and workers increased during the Third Republic, especially after the 1884 law permitting the formation of syndicates. Despite the presence of large vineyards in the Midi, the wine industry was relatively united in its attempt first to tackle phylloxera and replant, and then to demand state intervention to control fraud. Finally, the chapter considers how smaller growers started to establish cooperatives in response to another threat to their livelihood, namely, the increasing economies of scale and skills required for wine production and marketing.
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Gassiot-Meilan, Ariadna, Lluís Coromina-Soler, and Lluís Prats Planagumà. "Accessible Tourism in Religious Destinations." In Advances in Hospitality, Tourism, and the Services Industry, 357–74. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-5730-2.ch019.
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People's reasons for visiting religious destinations range from being devoted pilgrims to tourists with secular motivations. People with special access go to specific shrines for curative purposes. They may be differently motivated and display different behaviors at the destination. As they must confront obstacles when travelling, they may be more constrained, leading to different behaviors in terms of satisfaction and loyalty. Thus, the aim of this study is to explore the motivations of those with special access needs and those without when traveling to curative shrines, such as Lourdes, France. First, motivations of these two groups will be compared. Second, the effects of motivations on their travel behavior at the destination will be contrasted. The wide scope of visitors' motivations means that destinations must address all market segments, being crucial to ensure accessibility standards, as this affects not only people with disabilities but also seniors and families with young children.
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"to the 1947 Accounting Plan? The following paragraphs seek to answer to these key questions. The 1942 Accounting Plan Developed during World War II, the 1942 Accounting Plan was the product of an Accounting Plan Committee (Commission Interministerielle du Plan Comptable) instituted by an April 1941 Decree. The plan's objectives were stated as follows by Detoeuf [1941, pp. 9-12], vice-president of the committee: 1. To allow the determination of assets, capital, profits and product costs at both the company and the industry level; 2. To make it possible to calculate industry-wide average costs for certain product types for government price con trol purposes; 3. To decrease the possibilities of deceiving tax authorities by increasing the clarity of accounts; 4. To help the government to avoid making mistakes in its tax and economic policies by normalizing accounting for each industry. As can be seen from these objectives, the motivation behind the 1942 Plan was government control of firms and prices. This comes as no surprise since the plan was drawn up during the war, at a time when dirigisme, or the planned economy, was very strong. Although accounting normalization was considered useful for company management, this objective was not among the driv ing forces that led to the development of the 1942 Accounting Plan. Contents o f the Plan. To meet its expressed objectives, the 1942 Plan contained a chart of accounts, terminology, valuation rules, financial statement models — a balance sheet, a trading account and a profit and loss account — as well as a method for computing product costs [Brunet, 1951, p. 250]. The headings of the ten categories of the chart of accounts are the following [Fourastie, 1943, pp. 171-179]: 0. Capital and investments 1. Financial accounts 2. Regularizations and encumbrance accounts 3. Inventory and purchase accounts 4. Expenditures classified by type 5. Allocation accounts 6. Charges by sections 7. Product costs." In Accounting in France (RLE Accounting), 339. Routledge, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315871042-40.
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Akiner, Nurdan. "Analyzing Jordan Peele's Get Out With Fanonism." In Advances in Media, Entertainment, and the Arts, 72–91. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7180-4.ch005.
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The colonial discourse racially defined the others and distinguished between people regarded as barbarous, infidels, and savage, such as the inhabitants of America and Africa. The formal abolition of slavery has not been the solution for Blacks, but they have often been subjected to the domination of sovereign ideology at different social life levels. The dominant ideology in USA is also influential in representing Blacks in the cultural industry. This chapter examines the 2017 film Get Out, directed by Jordan Peele, as an example of the recent diversity positive trend in Hollywood. Peele is the first Black screenwriter to win the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay. The film was analyzed by Roland Barthes's semiotics theory and Frantz Fanon's critical theory Fanonism. This research shows that Get Out is truly a Black renaissance in Hollywood. The signs of racism skillfully placed in the film were analyzed by focusing on denotative and connotative meanings, and the racial oppression faced by African-Americans throughout history was revealed by regarding Fanonism.
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Farmer, Andrew. "Air, Water, and Soil Pollution." In The Physical Geography of Western Europe. Oxford University Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199277759.003.0030.
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The physical environment of western Europe (its air, water, and soil) has been affected by a wide range of pollutants for centuries. Localized pollution of water from anthropogenic sources has been observed since the time of the Roman Empire and by the medieval period cities already experienced air pollution problems. As will be seen, proposals to tackle pollution in the Rhine stretch back to the fifteenth century. However, extensive pollution of the environment was a characteristic of the industrial revolution and major and widespread impacts have been observed throughout the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Only in the last few decades have the emissions (and, therefore, impacts) of many of these pollutants declined due to measures taken by the countries of the region, both collectively and individually (Farmer 1997). This chapter presents an overview of trends in air, water, and soil pollution. In each case the pollutants of most concern will be discussed, indicating their sources and impacts; locations are indicated in Fig. 19.1. In each case the measures that have been adopted to reduce these pollutants will be described, not least to suggest trends for the future. The monitoring of pollutant emissions, concentrations in the environment, and their specific impacts have generated enormous quantities of data over many years. Basic ‘state of environment’ information is produced at the municipal, regional, national, and international level. The latter includes reports produced by EU institutions, especially the European Commission and the European Environment Agency, as well as other multilateral co-operative institutions such as the Rhine Commission. Severe air pollution sources are concentrated, among other regions, in the traditional heavy industry complexes in north-eastern France, Luxembourg, the Meuse valley in Belgium, and in the huge Ruhr industrial complex in western Germany. The range of air pollutants produced by human activity, as well as the impacts that they cause, are extensive. This section will focus on the following pollutants: ammonia, nitrogen oxides, ozone, particulates, and sulphur dioxide. These result in a range of impacts from direct effects on human health and on vegetation to damage to buildings and materials and acidification and eutrophication of soils and water.
Conference papers on the topic "Wine industry – France"
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Alexandre, Armando, Yohan Percher, Thomas Choisnet, Ricard Buils Urbano, and Robert Harries. "Coupled Analysis and Numerical Model Verification for the 2MW Floatgen Demonstrator Project With IDEOL Platform." In ASME 2018 1st International Offshore Wind Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/iowtc2018-1071.
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Floating wind solutions have developed significantly in the recent years, moving from single demonstrators to having several floating wind pilot wind farms currently under development and even in operation. This is an important step for the industry allowing the market to gain confidence in these solutions for offshore wind. Ideol is a leading floating platform designer and they have been working on a demonstration project for their innovative platform in France. The Floatgen demonstration project consists of a 2MW wind turbine mounted on the Damping Pool platform. During the design phase of the project, the coupled analysis of the full system — turbine, tower, floating platform and moorings needs to be carried out to verify the loading on the turbine and platform, adapt the turbine controller for the floating application and re-design the tower and transition piece. For this project, DNV GL performed the aforementioned analysis in Bladed whilst Ideol performed parallel analysis in OrcaFlex, focusing on the platform and mooring design. It is crucial that both numerical models used in the different software tools and parallel analysis workflows are equivalent and lead to the same overall system behavior. This paper describes the numerical model used for coupled analysis in Bladed and its verification against Ideol’s OrcaFlex model, with emphasis on the aspects related to the platform modelling. For the hydrodynamic loading of the platform, boundary element method was considered together with global and local viscous drag terms. To compare and verify the coupled model results in Bladed to Ideol’s own numerical results, a set of static and dynamic tests were run and the resultant kinematics were compared. Ideol’s model was previously validated against tank test experiments giving confidence in its behavior. The viscous drag coefficients in the Bladed model were adjusted to ensure a good agreement between the kinematics of Ideol’s model of the system and the Bladed model. This paper summarizes the results of this verification exercise, along with some recommendations on areas of further research in the floating wind modelling domain.
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Alblas, Laurens, and Corine de Winter. "A Comparison of Time Domain Seismic Analysis Methods for Offshore Wind Turbine Structures: Using a Superelement Approach." In ASME 2019 2nd International Offshore Wind Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/iowtc2019-7562.
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Abstract Recently, wind farm development has gained more traction in Asian countries such as Taiwan, which are seismically active. Compared to Europe, the offshore wind structures need to be designed for these additional extreme environmental conditions. For monopiles, these calculations can typically be performed in an integrated way in the wind turbine load calculation, but for jackets the superelement (SE) approach remains preferred. At the time of writing different approaches are being applied in the industry to apply the SE approach for seismic time domain analysis. This work explains and compares three different methods, based on calculations performed in offshore strength assessment tool Sesam and aeroelastic tool BHawC. When including additional interface nodes at the foundation model bottom into the SE to which the seismic accelerations can be applied in BHawC similarly as in the re-tracking run in Sesam, the results between BHawC and Sesam are nearidentical. Using a normal SE, which only includes an interface node for the connection to the wind turbine tower bottom, and including the response due to seismic displacements into the SE load file gives a match between BHawC and Sesam, and closely matches the results of the case with additional interface nodes. Doing the same but only including the dynamic response of the interface point relative to a frame of reference moving with the rigid body motions as caused by the seismic accelerations into the SE load file, significant differences occur. This is due to the lack of the loading effect of rigid body motions. The same conclusions on how these methods compare can be drawn when using different wind and wave cases. The presented results give insights into the differences between the methods and how the choice of method may influence the results.
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Fernandez, Charles, Laurent Bourgouin, Frederic Riegert, and Alain Pecker. "Modelling of Wind Turbine Fall-Induced Vibrations Near Buried Steel Transmission Pipelines: An Updated RAMCES Software Extension." In 2012 9th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2012-90137.
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At CRIGEN, the GDF SUEZ research center for gas and new energies, a project on risk management on gas infrastructures (MARTHO project) is aimed, among other goals, at protecting the pipelines against external aggressions such as vibrations. Over the past few years, extensive construction of wind turbines has taken place all around the world in areas where many steel pipelines are already buried. The possible fall of these heavy machines may induce damageable vibrations to the pipeline. The common threshold used by the industry, established by the American Gas Association, is stated at PPV ≤ 50 mm.s−1. A more accurate and less conservative model of vibration propagation has been developed and validated by extensive field measurements coupled with a nonlinear 2D-finite element model for the soil. An experimental soil characterization through MASW tests coupled with vibration measurements was performed in a representative soil. As a result, safety distances between wind turbines and pipelines were considerably shortened compared to the previous model. The updated model is now part of the RAMCES software which has been developed for more than a decade at CRIGEN and is widely used in France by transmission operators.
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Kivelä, Eetu, P. A. Lakshmynarayanana, and Spyros Hirdaris. "Coupled CFD and FEA to Predict the Dynamic Structural Response of Modern Cruise Ship Deck Outfitting due to Wind-Induced Vibrations." In ASME 2020 39th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2020-19187.
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Abstract Recent market trends in the cruise industry aim to provide land-based attractions on mega-cruise liners deck amusements. The structures used are mega-lightweight structures that comprise of slender beams to reduce added weight. They may be subject to dynamic wind-induced resonance as a result of fluctuating forces due to vortex shedding occurring close to the natural frequency of the structure. This paper investigates the structural responses due to wind-induced vibrations in the context of a ship deck outfitting by coupling CFD and FEA. The simulations are performed using one- and two-way coupling FSI to gain insights into the differences between the predicted responses. A deck amusement structure is idealized as an aluminum portal frame subjected to a constant head wind. Transient one- and two-way coupled simulations, based on Reynolds-Averaged Naiver-Stokes (RANS) and linear elastic 3D FEA are conducted. The predictions are compared against quasi-dynamic beam element idealizations.
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Guillouzouic, Brendan, François Pétrié, Vincent Lafon, and Fabien Fremont. "Experimental and Numerical Study of the Influence of Drag Coefficient on Snap Loads in Mooring Lines of a Floating Offshore Wind Turbine." In ASME 2021 40th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2021-60794.
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Abstract Mooring is one of the key components of a floating offshore wind turbine since the mooring rupture may lead to the total loss of one or even several turbines in a farm. Even if a large experience in moorings of floating bodies was gained in the oil & gas industry, the renewable energies face new challenges such as reducing the cost as much as possible, reducing the footprint to limit environmental impact or avoid any interference between mooring lines and electrical cables in a farm composed of several tens of turbines. Those constraints may lead to designs suffering snap loads which shall be avoided as far as practicable or addressed with a particular attention, as this quasi-instantaneous stretching of the mooring lines may lead to very high tensions governing the design. This paper presents the results of physical model tests and numerical simulations performed on a typical floating wind turbine concept of semi-submersible type. Both qualitative and quantitative comparisons are performed. The objective is to provide guidelines for FOWT mooring designers regarding the selection of the drag coefficient to consider. A very significant influence of the line’s drag coefficient, on both the probability of occurrence and the magnitude of snap loads, was found. This subject is hereby fully documented on a given case study and general discussions on scale effects, marine growth effects and other parameters are also made. The numerical simulations were performed using the dynamic analysis software ‘OrcaFlex’. The experiments have been carried out by Océanide, in south of France.
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Liang, Yun, Shaolin Zhang, and Shangyuan Liu. "Strategies and Applications of Big Data and AI Technologies in Nuclear Power Public Opinion Prevention and Control System." In 2022 29th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone29-93779.
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Abstract For the aim of responding to the climate change, countries around the world have successively unveiled policies to reduce carbon emissions, such as the Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutrality Goals in China and restarting of nuclear power plants in France. As a kind of clean energy, nuclear energy plays a key role in the process of carbon neutrality. However, due to the particularity and the limited communication channels for the public to access nuclear power fields, the group is often influenced by negative feedback during the promotion of nuclear power projects, which obstructs the development of projects. Hereon, keeping abreast of public opinion information and making correct guidance in communications has become an important link in promoting a virtuous circle of the nuclear industry. This paper studies the framing principle of the nuclear power public opinion prevention and control system, the construction strategy of each module and the application of new technologies, which could realize wide-range collection of public opinions, real-time monitoring, simulation sorting out context of events based on hot words, correcting simulation deviations by the system based on machine learning results, also, providing early warning of in-time monitoring results. The findings of this research organically integrate the new public opinion prevention and control technology with public communication, which is an exploration of the application of new information technology in the field of public communication.
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Sripada, Srinivas S., P. S. Ayyaswamy, and I. M. Cohen. "Numerical Computation of the Heat Transfer to a Spherical-Tip Anode During an Electronic Flame Off Process." In ASME 1997 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1997-0831.
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Abstract In the ball-wedge bonding process employed in microelectronic packaging, the first step is the formation of a spherical tip by the melting and roll-up of a segment of a cylindrical wire. The heat transfer for the melting and roll-up to a spherical-tip shape is provided by a plasma are that is struck between the wire tip (anode) and a flat plate cathode (wand). Eventually, the spherical tip becomes part of a ball. The ball so formed is bonded on the bond pad of a chip, and the unmelted segment of the wire is looped to form a second (wedge) bond on the lead frame. This provides the interconnection between the chip and the external world. The plasma arc provides heat energy to the wire causing it to melt. A portion of the energy generated by the arc is lost by conduction up the wire, while another portion is lost to the surroundings by radiation and convection. A portion is also lost to the cathode plate. In order to estimate the various heat transport quantities, a numerical simulation of the plasma arc process is required. Here, we provide results of such a numerical simulation. A set of continuum conservation equations for the charged particle densities and the temperatures in the discharge gap are solved, along with Poisson’s equation for the self-consistent electric potential. The equipotential contours, the electron number density and temperature variation in the discharge gap, and the results for the heat transfer to the spherical tip of the wire are presented. Once the heat transfer is evaluated in this manner, subsequent calculations for melting and the ultimate shape and size of the ball may be made. These calculations in turn may be used to develop optimal characteristics for bonding which consist of near-spherical balls with minimal porosity. These are known to be the best candidates for a secure interconnection between the chip and the lead-frame. Although in the past we have published many results for related situations, this is the first time when the anode geometry is completely taken into account. The numerical calculations involve adaptive grid generation based on a body-fitted coordinate system. Results provided here are of immediate application value to the microelectronic packaging industry.
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Lucas, William C., and George F. Hessler. "The Reduction of Low Frequency Gas Turbine Exhaust Noise: A Case Study." In ASME 1996 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/96-gt-010.
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A well reported, industry-wide problem with simple cycle peaking gas turbines installed near residences is excessive low frequency airborne noise, sometimes termed “infrasound.” If the noise level is high enough, it can cause perceptible vibration of windows and frame buildings, and provoke an adverse response from the community. Such a situation recently occurred after construction of a four unit GT 11N1 peaking station. A team of specialists and outside consultants was formed to investigate the problem, and a development program found that a thick absorber could be effective against infrasound. This led to the design of a thick panel absorber which was installed at the rear of a 90 degree turn in the exhaust system. Field testing verified that the low frequency noise from the turbine exhaust was reduced by 5.9 and 6.7 dB in the 31.5 and 63 Hz octave bands respectively, and by 5.5 dB(C) overall.
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Damiani, Rick R., Huimin Song, Amy N. Robertson, and Jason M. Jonkman. "Assessing the Importance of Nonlinearities in the Development of a Substructure Model for the Wind Turbine CAE Tool FAST." In ASME 2013 32nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2013-11434.
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The design and analysis of wind turbines are performed using aero-servo-elastic tools that account for the nonlinear coupling between aerodynamics, controls, and structural response. The NREL-developed computer-aided engineering (CAE) tool FAST also resolves the hydrodynamics of fixed-bottom structures and floating platforms for offshore wind applications. Primarily due to the required modal characteristics, monopiles become progressively less economical and more difficult (or impossible) to fabricate for multimegawatt turbines and water depths of more than 25–30 m. Derived from the oil and gas industry experience, light and stiff space-frame alternatives have been proposed to alleviate this problem. Lattice structures (e.g., jackets) are more complex to analyze and design than cantilevered monopiles, especially in terms of the structural dynamics of the coupled turbine-support structure system. This paper outlines the implementation of a structural-dynamics module (SubDyn) for offshore wind turbines with space-frame substructures into the current FAST framework, and in particular focuses on the initial assessment of the importance of structural nonlinearities. Nonlinear effects include: large displacements, axial shortening due to bending, cross-sectional transverse shear effects, etc. A nonlinear computational analysis is resource-intensive, thus it is important to assess the applicability of a linear approach to maintain high-fidelity results while still allowing for fast and efficient design simulations. Space-frame structural behavior can be controlled by a number of design parameters (e.g., member cross-sectional properties, number of legs, batter angles). Additionally, nonlinearities may manifest only at certain load levels. Several finite-element analyses were carried out via commercial and open-source codes that can capture nonlinear effects in the structural behavior of turbine substructures under different load cases. Results were compared to the output of the new linear module SubDyn. The configurations considered in this study included 5-MW, 7-MW, and 10-MW platforms: OC3 monopile, OC3 tripod, OC4 jacket, and a full-lattice tower, all supporting a 5-MW turbine; also two jackets for a 7-MW and a 10-MW turbine, respectively, were investigated. These models differed in base geometry, load paths, size, supported towers, and turbine masses. Results showed that nonlinearities (quantified in terms of the maximum differences in displacement and stresses with respect to a linear calculation) amounted to about 4% (3%) at tower top (at tower base), or about 10 cm (1 cm). This means that the absolute effects of nonlinearities are mostly associated with the tower. The linear approach used by the multimember structural module introduced in this paper was therefore deemed suitable to be utilized within FAST to analyze multimember substructures for offshore wind applications.
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Hittner, Dominique. "The Renewal of HTR Development in Europe." In 10th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone10-22423.
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The European HTR-Technology Network (HTR-TN), created in 2000, presently groups 20 organisations from European nuclear research and industry for developing the technologies of direct-cycle modular HTRs, which presently raise a large world-wide interest, because of their high potential for economic competitiveness, natural resource sparing, safety and minimisation of the waste impacts, in line with the goals of sustainable development of Generation IV. All aspects of HTR technologies are addressed by HTR-TN, from the reactor physics to the development of materials, fuel and components. Most of this activity is supported by the European Commission in the frame of its 5th Euratom Framework Programme. The first results of HTR-TN programme are given: the analysis of the reactor physics international benchmark on the commissioning tests of HTTR (Japan), the long term behaviour of spent HTR fuel in geologic disposal conditions, the preparation of a very high burnup fuel irradiation and the development of fabrication processes for producing high performance coated particles, etc.
Reports on the topic "Wine industry – France"
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Keihauer, Silke, Martin Führ, and Julian Schenten. Marktchancen für "nachhaltigere Chemie" durch die REACH-Verordnung - Am Beispiel globaler Lieferketten in der Textil- und Sportartikel-Industrie (SuSport). Sonderforschungsgruppe Institutionenanalyse, March 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.46850/sofia.9783941627697.
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Dieser Bericht dokumentiert die Ergebnisse des Forschungsprojekts „Marktchancen für ‚nachhaltigere Chemie‘ durch die REACH-Verordnung [Sustainable Sporting Goods - SuSport]“. Ziel des im Jahr 2018 abgeschlossenen Projektes ist es, eine „nachhaltigere Chemie“ in der textilen Lieferkette zu unterstützen und dabei den Blick von der „reaktiven“ Compliance Position auf eine „proaktive“ Beyond Compliance Perspektive zu erweitern. Strategisch stützt sich dieser Ansatz auf folgende Überlegung: Wer morgen noch „Compliant“ sein will, muss heute bereits „Beyond Compliance“ agieren. Mit einer solchen Strategie ist nicht nur die Rechtskonformität gewährleistet, es lassen sich viel-mehr auch neue Marktchancen erschließen.4 Die Notwendigkeit für diesen Perspektivenwechsel ergibt sich bereits aus der normativen Ausgangssituation Ein solcher Perspektivenwechsel und die damit verbundenen Veränderungen bedeuten für die Akteure der Textilbranche eine große Herausforderung Denn letztlich führt dies zu der Frage, wie man ein Chemikalienmanagement in der globalen Lieferkette organisiert Aus diesem Kontext ergeben sich die Empfehlungen für die Akteure der textilen Lieferkette Methodisch bestand die Herausforderung darin, die vorherrschenden Denk- und Argumentationsmuster der beteiligten Akteure der textilen Kette für die Ziele dieses Vorhabens zu öffnen Es bleibt abzuwarten, ob der entstandene Prozess ein Momentum erzeugt, der zu den gewünschten Veränderungen in der textilen Lieferkette führt erste Schritte in diese Richtung sind aber bereits erkennbar.