Relevant bibliographies by topics / Windows – Thermal properties – Mathematical models

Academic literature on the topic 'Windows – Thermal properties – Mathematical models'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Windows – Thermal properties – Mathematical models"

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Alhawari, Abdalhadi, and Phalguni Mukhopadhyaya. "Construction and Calibration of a Unique Hot Box Apparatus." Energies 15, no. 13 (June 26, 2022): 4677. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15134677.

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A variety of mathematical models are available to estimate the thermal performance of buildings. Nevertheless, mathematical models predict the thermal performance of buildings that might differ from the actual performance. The hot box is a widely-used test apparatus to assess the actual thermal performance of various building envelope components (walls, roofs, windows) in the laboratory. This paper presents the process of designing, constructing, and calibrating a unique small-scale hot box apparatus. Despite its smaller metering area (1.0 m × 1.0 m), this apparatus met the key requirements (below ±0.25 °C fluctuations in chambers’ air temperature, and below 2.0% variation from the point-to-point temperature in reference to the temperature difference across the specimen) as prescribed in the ASTM C1363 and ISO 8990 standards. The walls of this apparatus are uniquely constructed using vacuum insulation panels or VIPs. The efficient and novel use of VIPs and workmanship during the construction of the apparatus are demonstrated through the temperature stability within the chambers. The achieved range of temperature steadiness below ±0.05 °C and point-to-point temperature variation below 1.0% of the temperature difference across the specimen allow for this apparatus to be considered unique among the calibrated hot box categories reported in the literature. In addition, having an affordable, simple-to-operate, and high-accuracy facility offers a great opportunity for researchers and practitioners to investigate new ideas and solutions. The apparatus was calibrated using two extruded polystyrene foam (XPS) specimens with thicknesses of 2″ and 4″. The calibration exercise indicates small differences between results obtained numerically, theoretically, and experimentally (below 3.0%). Ultimately, the apparatus was employed to measure the thermal properties of a specimen representing a lightweight steel framing (LSF) wall system, which is commonly used in cold climates. The results obtained experimentally were then compared to the ones estimated numerically using a 3D finite element modelling tool. The difference between the results obtained by both methods was below 9.0%.
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Gorshenin, S. D., S. I. Shuvalov, E. V. Zinovieva, and l. A. Kokulin. "Improving the efficiency of fly ash reinjection in grate stoker of boiler." Vestnik IGEU, no. 5 (October 31, 2022): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17588/2072-2672.2022.5.018-023.

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A significant disadvantage of grate stokers is great carbon loss. To reduce these losses, the ash caught in the flue is returned to the furnace for afterburning. The effectiveness of this measure depends on the thermal characteristics of coal, the size of the pieces of coal and ash, the degree of carbon elimination, and the design features of the combustion chamber. Normative techniques to calculate and design grate stokers do not consider the features of coal combustion with ash return. Thus, it is relevant to develop the models that describe the creation of ash flows in the boiler path depending on its design, properties and dispersed composition of the burned coal and the aerodynamics of the combustion chamber. Mathematic simulation of the processes of particle size classification has been carried out to describe the creation of ash mass flows on the grate and in the convection chamber. To evaluate the parameters of mathematical models, simulation modeling of gas dynamics of flue gases in the combustion chamber has been carried out with SolidWorks software. The authors have developed a mathematical model and the method to identify its parameters. It allows us to obtain quantitative estimates of the economic efficiency of boilers with grate firing of coal. Thus, a computer program has been developed. The authors have used the program and the Neryungri brown coal to burn in the KV-TS-30-150 boiler. The results have shown that carbon loss without fly ash reinjection is 11,27 %. Introduction of fly-coke return unit reduces the loss up to 10,45 %. It is established that elimination of slit windows in the rotary baffle will lead to a change of the trajectories of ash particles and carbon losses reduction up to 10,17 %. Limiting the maximum size of coal pieces to 50 mm will lead to a more noticeable increase of boiler efficiency. The calculations have showed that in case the value of the carbon burn out factor equals 0,935, the carbon loss when the system of fly ash reinjection is turned off, its commissioning and, in addition, an increase of the gas density of the rotary screen will be 4 ,88%, 4,44% and 4,3% respectively. In case of a more careful assessment of the burnout factor at the level of 0,9, the carbon loss will be 7,51%, 6,87% and 6,65% respectively. The developed mathematical model makes it possible to evaluate the effect of the operation of the fly ash reinjection unit on the efficiency of the operation of a boiler with a grate stoker. Validation of a model for adequacy and for accuracy increase can be carried out after field testing of the boiler equipment.
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Stanmore, Brian R. "Examination of PCDD/F Formation in Thermal Systems Using Simple Mathematical Models." Advances in Environmental and Engineering Research 02, no. 02 (March 1, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21926/aeer.2102013.

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A set of empirical models which accounts for the formation of gas phase polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans (PCDD and PCDF), and solid phase PCDD/F by the de novo mechanism is described.In each case, competing formation and destruction reactions are considered to operate.The effect of the time-temperature history on their formation is then examined.At high temperatures, steady-state is reached in fractions of a second, resulting in the observed low product concentrations.Rapid cooling as found in furnaces produces higher PCDD/F nett formation rates than slower cooling over the same temperature range, but with less overall yield.In addition, a cooling process will result in more PCDD/F production than heating at the same rate. Thus the conventionally-regarded temperature “windows” for formation are misleading, as in practical conditions PCDD/F are produced at higher temperatures.Simulations carried out of a pilot scale municipal solid waste (MSW)incinerator, a commercial fluidised bed boiler burning wood as a fuel, and of the laboratory scale thermal “annealing” of particulates taken from iron ore sintering off-gases illustrate the effects.There is sufficient promise in the approach to suggest that better characterisation of particulates will lead to acceptable predictions.
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Sharo, Abdulla A., Samer R. Rabab’ah, Mohammad O. Taamneh, Hussein Aldeeky, and Haneen Al Akhrass. "Mathematical Modelling for Predicting Thermal Properties of Selected Limestone." Buildings 12, no. 12 (November 24, 2022): 2063. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12122063.

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Due to a lack of geotechnical and geothermal studies on Jordanian limestone, this paper aims to provide the thermal properties, including thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity, and specific heat, using the Hot Disk Transient Plane Source (TPS) 2200 method. It also aims to provide a set of mathematical models through which the thermal properties can be indirectly predicted from the rocks’ physical and engineering properties. One hundred cylindrical rock specimens with a height of 20 cm and a diameter of 10 cm were extracted and prepared. The results showed that the thermal conductivity values ranged between (1.931–3.468) (W/(m*k)), thermal diffusivity (1.032–1.81) (mm2/s), and specific heat (1.57–2.563) ((MJ)/(m3*K)). The results also suggest a direct relationship between conductivity and diffusivity and an inverse relationship between conductivity and specific heat. On the other hand, the results indicate the direct relationship between the conductivity and diffusivity, and the inverse relationship between the specific heat and density, hardness, sound velocity, and rock strength; the opposite happens when the rock’s porosity is considered. Simple regression, multivariate regression, and the backpropagation–artificial neural network (BP–ANN) approach were utilized to predict the thermal properties of limestone. Results indicated that the ANN model provided superior prediction performance compared to other models.
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Habib, Khairul, Mohammed Ahmed, Ahmed Qays Abdullah, Omer A. Alawi, Balaji Bakthavatchalam, and Omar A. Hussein. "Metallic Oxides for Innovative Refrigerant Thermo-Physical Properties: Mathematical Models." Tikrit Journal of Engineering Sciences 29, no. 1 (November 15, 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjes.29.1.1.

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Nano-refrigerant is announced to become an excellent refrigerant, which often improves heat transfer efficiency in the cooling systems. Different materials can be applied to be suspended in traditional coolants in the same way as nanoparticles. In this comprehensive research, mathematical modeling was used to investigate the effect of suspended nanoparticles (Al2O3, CuO, SiO2 and ZnO) on 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane, R-134a. The thermal conductivity, dynamic viscosity, density and specific heat capacity of the nano-refrigerant in an evaporator pipe were investigated. Compared to conventional refrigerants, the maximum increase in thermal conductivity was achieved by Al2O3/R-134a (96.23%) at a volume concentration of 0.04. At the same time, all nano-refrigerant types presented the same viscosity enhancement of(45.89%) at the same conditions. These types of complex thermophysical properties have enhanced the heat transfer tendencies in the pipe. Finally, the nano-refrigerant could be a likely working fluid generally used in the cooling unit to improve high-temperature transfer characteristics and save energy use.
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Gavrilovski, Dragica, Nikola Blagojevic, and Milorad Gavrilovski. "Modeling glass-ceramic enamel properties." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 67, no. 2 (2002): 135–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc0202135g.

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The results of an investigation of the chemical and thermal characteristics of glass-ceramic enamels, derived from the Li2O-Na2O-Al2O3-TiO2-SiO2 system obtained by employing the methods of mathematical experiment planning, are presented in this paper. Adequate mathematical models, showing the dependence of the chemical and thermal stability on the chemical composition of enamel systems, after different thermal treatment procedures, were obtained. Based on the testing carried out, it was concluded that in the obtained glass-ceramic enamels the chemical resistance is decreased, but at the same time, the thermal stability is increased, relative to reference coatings.
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Kozlov, A. A., N. S. Klimova, A. M. Smirnov, N. S. Chekmarev, and M. D. Shabala. "MATHEMATICAL MODELS OF OPERATING PROPERTIES OF THERMAL RESISTANT DUAL PURPOSE ARAMID MATERIALS." Вестник Санкт-Петербургского государственного университета технологии и дизайна. Серия 4: Промышленные технологии, no. 1 (2021): 115–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.46418/2619-0729_2021_1_13.

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Misiopecki, Cezary, Robert Hart, Arild Gustavsen, and Bjørn Petter Jelle. "Operating Hardware Impact on the Heat Transfer Properties of Windows." Energies 14, no. 4 (February 21, 2021): 1145. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14041145.

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Despite significant advancements in fenestration technology in the last two decades, the thermal transmittance of fenestration products is still significantly higher than that of walls. This corresponds to 60% of the total energy loss of a modern building envelope through the windows. Hence, further development and improvements of fenestration products are necessary. Increasingly stringent codes and standards for fenestration stimulate industry to work on improved solutions. Thus, it is crucial that assessment techniques are able to account for innovations accurately. The thermal effects of non-continuous hardware in window frames are currently ignored by international rating procedures. A preliminary investigation conducted by our team showed significant performance degradation in two of the three out-opening casement profiles caused by the presence of operating hardware. Frames with the structure made of vinyl and fiberglass consist of many air cavities that are penetrated by operating hardware made of highly conductive materials. In these frames, in order to have an accurate assessment, it may be required to employ three-dimensional modeling due to the convective nature of heat transfer within the cavities. However, in this study, we demonstrate that the three-dimensional (3D) effects of non-continuous hardware can be approximated accurately with simpler two-dimensional (2D) simulations. We then develop a simplified model based on weighted average capable of replacing the time- and computation-intensive 3D simulations with 2D simulations and validate it against market available frames and their corresponding hardware. Validation results show that our approximation technique results in discrepancies lower than 0.05 W/(m2K), or 3% of the total thermal transmittance. Thus, we conclude that simplified 2D simulation models may be used for predicting hardware impact in window frames with reasonable accuracy. As windows and glazing structures are becoming ever better thermally insulated, it is becoming even more important to be able to model the impact of the operating hardware on the total thermal performance in order to design the best windows possible and not let the operating hardware ruin an otherwise well-proven design, which is hence addressed in this study.
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Grazzini, G., C. Balocco, and U. Lucia. "Measuring thermal properties with the parallel wire method: a comparison of mathematical models." International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 39, no. 10 (July 1996): 2009–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0017-9310(95)00311-8.

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Rastgou, Mostafa, Hossein Bayat, and Muharram Mansoorizadeh. "Fitting soil particle-size distribution (PSD) models by PSD curve fitting software." Polish Journal of Soil Science 52, no. 2 (November 21, 2019): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/pjss.2019.52.2.211.

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This paper describes a particle-size distribution (PSD) curve fitting software for analyzing the soil PSD and soil physical properties. A better characterization of soil texture can be obtained by describing the soil PSD using mathematical models. The mathematical equations of soil PSD are mainly used as a basis to estimate the soil hydraulic properties. Until now, many attempts are made to represent PSD curves using mathematical models, but selecting the best PSD model requires fitting all models to the PSD data, which would be difficult and time-consuming. So far, no specific program has been developed to fit the PSD models to the experimental data. A practical user-friendly software called "PSD Curve Fitting Software" was developed and introduced to program a simultaneous fitting of all models on soil PSD data of all samples. Some of the capabilities of this software are calculating evaluation statistics for all models and soils and their statistical properties such as average, standard deviation, minimum and maximum for all models, the amount of models’ fitting parameters and their statistical properties for all soil samples, soil water retention curve by Arya and Paris (1981) and Meskini-Vishkaee et al. (2014) methods, soil hydraulic conductivity by Arya et al. (1999) method, different textural and hydraulic properties, specific surface area, and other descriptive statistics of PSD for all soil samples. All calculated parameters are presented in an output Excel file format by the software. The software runs under Windows XP/7/8/10.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Windows – Thermal properties – Mathematical models"

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Kanuchok, Jonathan L. "The thermal effect and clocking in quantum-dot cellular automata." Virtual Press, 2004. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1286605.

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We present a theoretical study of quasi-adiabatic clocking and thermal effect in Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA). Quasi-adiabatic clocking is the modulation of an inter-dot potential barrier in order to keep the QCA cells near the ground state throughout the switching process. A time-dependent electric field is calculated for arrays of charged rods. The electron tunneling between dots is controlled by raising and lowering a potential barrier in the cell.A quantum statistical model has been introduced to obtain the thermal average of polarization of a QCA cell. We have studied the thermal effect on QCA devices. The theoretical analysis has been approximated for a two-state model where the cells are in one of two possible eigenstates of the cell Hamiltonian. In general, the average polarization of each cell decreases with temperature and the distance from the driver cells. The results demonstrate the critical nature of temperature dependence for the operation of QCA.
Department of Physics and Astronomy
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2

Saad, Zoubeir. "Simulation of temperature history and estimation of thermal properties of food materials during freezing." Diss., This resource online, 1994. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-02132009-170810/.

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Napolitano, Ralph E. Jr. "Finite differenc-cellular automation modeling of the evolution of interface morphology during alloy solidification under geometrical constraint : application to metal matrix composite solidification." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/32810.

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Bhatt, Hemanshu D. "Effect of interfacial thermal conductance and fiber orientation on the thermal diffusivity/conductivity of unidirectional fiber-reinforced ceramic matrix composites." Diss., This resource online, 1992. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-07282008-135034/.

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Wilson, Scott E. "Investigation of Copper Foam Coldplates as a High Heat Flux Electronics Cooling Solution." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/6944.

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Compact heat exchangers such as porous foam coldplates have great potential as a high heat flux cooling solution for electronics due to their large surface area to volume ratio and tortuous coolant path. The focus of this work was the development of unit cell modeling techniques for predicting the performance of coldplates with porous foam in the coolant path. Multiple computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models which predict porous foam coldplate pressure drop and heat transfer performance were constructed and compared to gain insight into how to best translate the foam microstructure into unit cell model geometry. Unit cell modeling in this study was realized by applying periodic boundary conditions to the coolant entrance and exit faces of a representative unit cell. A parametric study was also undertaken which evaluated dissimilar geometry translation recommendations from the literature. The use of an effective thermal conductivity for a representative orthogonal lattice of rectangular ligaments was compared to a porosity-matching technique of a similar lattice. Model accuracy was evaluated using experimental test data collected from a porous copper foam coldplate using deionized water as coolant. The compact heat exchanger testing facility which was designed and constructed for this investigation was shown to be capable of performing tests with coolant flow rates up to 300 mL/min and heat fluxes up to 290 W/cm2. The greatest technical challenge of the testing facility design proved to be the method of applying the heat flux across a 1 cm2 contact area. Based on the computational modeling results and experimental test data, porous foam modeling recommendations and porous foam coldplate design suggestions were generated.
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Uchaipichat, Anuchit Civil &amp Environmental Engineering Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "Experimental investigation and constitutive modelling of thermo-hydro-mechanical coupling in unsaturated soils." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2005. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/22068.

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A thermo-elastic-plastic model for unsaturated soils has been presented based on the effective stress principle considering the thermo-mechanical and suction coupling effects. The thermo-elastic-plastic constitutive equations for stress-strain relations of the solid skeleton and changes in fluid content and entropy for unsaturated soils have been established. A plasticity model is derived from energy considerations. The model derived covers both associative and non-associative flow behaviours and the modified Cam-Clay is considered as a special case. All model coefficients are identified in terms of measurable parameters. To verify the proposed model, an experimental program has been developed. A series of controlled laboratory tests were carried out on a compacted silt sample using a triaxial equipment modified for testing unsaturated soils at elevated temperatures. Imageprocessing technique was used for measuring the volume change of the samples subjected to mechanical, thermal and hydric loading. It is shown that the effective critical state parameters M, ???? and ???? are independent of temperature and matric suction. Nevertheless, the shape of loading collapse (LC) curve was affected by temperature and suction. Furthermore, the temperature change affected the soil water characteristic curve and an increase in temperature caused a decrease in the air entry suction. The simulations from the proposed model are compared with the experimental results. The model calibration was performed to extract the model parameters from the experimental results. Good agreement between the results predicted using the proposed model and the experimental results was obtained in all cases.
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Liu, Xing Lu. "Some problems and analysis for thermal bending plates." Thesis, University of Macau, 2010. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2148242.

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BOARI, ZOROASTRO de M. "Modelo matematico da influencia da distribuicao de particulas de SiC nas tensoes termicas em compositos de matriz metalica." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2003. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11105.

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Tese (Doutoramento)
IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
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Blivi, Adoté Sitou. "Effet de taille dans les polymères nano-renforcés : caractérisation multi-échelles et modélisation." Thesis, Compiègne, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018COMP2431/document.

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Le travail présenté dans ce document vise à mettre en évidence et à comprendre l'effet de la taille nanométrique des renforts sur les propriétés des nanocomposites avec une approche expérimentale. Des nanocomposites de PMMA et particules de silice (15nm, 25nm, 60nm, 150nm et 500nm) de fractions volumiques 2 0/0, 40/0 et 6 0/0 ont été fabriqués. Des analyses multi-échelles (MET et DRX-WAXS) ont montré que les paramètres caractéristiques de la microstructure des nanocomposites varient avec la taille des nanoparticules. En effet, la diminution de la taille des nanoparticules à fraction volumique constante a entrainé une diminution de la distance intermoléculaire. Cette diminution a induit une densification de la matrice et une réduction de la mobilité des chaînes de la matrice. Des essais mécaniques (traction, DMA) ont montré que les modules de Young (E) et de conservation (E') des nanocomposites augmentent avec la diminution de la taille des nanoparticules à fraction volumique constante. Et que l'augmentation de E' est conservée avec l'augmentation de la température. Une augmentation des températures de transition vitreuse (Tg) et de dégradation (Td) a également été observée avec les essais DSC, DMA et ATG. Le modèle de la borne inférieure d'Hashin-Shtrikman étendue aux nanocomposites à renforts sphériques proposé par Brisard a été utilisé. La modélisation des modules élastiques des nanocomposites a montré que pour reproduire les données expérimentales, il faut que d'une part que les modules surfaciques caractérisant l'interface soient dépendants de la taille des nanoparticules. Et d'autre part, tenir compte de l'état de dispersion des nanoparticules
The work presented in this paper aims to highlight and to understand the size effect of nano-reinforcements on nanocomposite properties With an experimental approach. Nanocomposites of PMMA and silica particles With different sizes (15nm, 25nm, 60nm, 150nm and 500nm) and volume fractions (20/0, 4 0/0 and 60/0) were manufactured. Multiscale analysis (MET and DRX-WAXS) have shown that the characteristic parameters of the microstructure of nanocomposites vary With the size of the nanoparticles. Indeed, the decrease in the size of nanoparticles at a given volume fraction implies a decrease of the intermolecular distance. This decrease has induced a densification of the matrix and a decrease of the matrix chain mobility. Mechanical tests (tensile, DMA) have shown that the young (E) and the conservation (E') moduli of the nanocomposites increase With the decrease in the size of the nanoparticles With a constant volume fraction. And the increase of E l is kept when temperature growing. An increase in glass transition (Tg) and degradation temperature (Td) was also observed With the DSC, DMA and ATG tests. Experimental elastic properties of the nanocomposites were used to assess the relevance of size effect micromechanical models, particularly the Hashin-Shtrikman bounds With interface effects proposed by Brisard. The modeling has shown that to reproduce the experimental elastic moduli of nanocomposites, the elastic coefficients of the interface must be dependents on particle sizes. And the state of dispersion of particles must be taken into account
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Kulkarni, Milind S. "Modeling a heat regenerator-reactor with temperature dependent gas properties." Thesis, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/37124.

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This thesis examines the transient response of a packed bed heat regenerator when heated from an initial uniform bed temperature. Very large (1700 K) temperature differences were studied as well as the effect of simultaneous chemical reaction in the gas phase. First the effects of temperature on physical and transport properties were studied in detail in the absence of a reaction. Models with compressible flow were compared with conventional models with constant properties and incompressible flow. Several measures of the regenerator's response to a step change in inlet gas temperature were calculated to characterize the spread of the temperature front. Variances of the spatial derivative of the gas temperature profile and the time derivative of the product gas temperature were used to evaluate thermal efficiency. The effects of an exothermic homogeneous gas phase reaction in the regenerator process were also studied. Several simple kinetic schemes and inlet conditions were simulated and the profiles of reaction rate and conversion as well as temperature were analyzed.
Graduation date: 1993
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Books on the topic "Windows – Thermal properties – Mathematical models"

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A, Tabunschikov I͡U. Mathematical models of thermal conditions in buildings. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 1992.

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Kazarov, B. A. Modelirovanie i raschet teplovykh, ėlektricheskikh svoĭstv shirokozonnykh poluprovodnikov i diėlektrikov: (s defektami, fazovymi perekhodami i nanoklasterami). Georgievsk: Georgievskiĭ tekhnologicheskiĭ in-t GOU VPO "SevKavGTU", 2008.

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McGrattan, Kevin B. Numerical simulation of the Howard Street Tunnel fire, Baltimore, Maryland, July 2001. Washington, DC: Spent Fuel Project Office, Office of Nuclear Material Safety and Safeguards, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 2003.

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Yan shi re po lie de yan jiu ji ying yong: Reseach on thermal cracking of rocks and its application. Dalian Shi: Dalian li gong da xue chu ban she, 2008.

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David, Porter. Group interaction modelling of polymer properties. New York: M. Dekker, 1995.

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Statistical and thermal physics: An introduction. Boca Raton, FL: Taylor & Francis, 2011.

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Kells, Kevin. General electrothermal semiconductor device simulation. Konstanz: Hartung-Gorre Verlag, 1994.

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Barker, Colin. Thermal modeling of petroleum generation: Theory and applications. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1996.

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IUTAM Symposium on Micro- and Macrostructural Aspects of Thermoplasticity (1997 Bochum, Germany). IUTAM Symposium on Micro- and Macrostructural Aspects of Thermoplasticity: Proceedings of the IUTAM symposium held in Bochum, Germany, 25-29 August 1997. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1999.

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IUTAM Symposium on Micro- and Macrostructural Aspects of Thermoplasticity (1997 Bochum, Germany). IUTAM Symposium on Micro- and Macrostructural Aspects of Thermoplasticity: Proceedings of the IUTAM symposium held in Bochum, Germany, 25-29 August 1997. New York: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2002.

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Book chapters on the topic "Windows – Thermal properties – Mathematical models"

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Husain, Saiful Azmi, Mahmod Othman, and Noran Nur Wahida Khalili. "A Review on the Important Key Properties of Mathematical Models Describing Photovoltaic/Thermal (PV/T) Solar Collectors System." In Studies in Systems, Decision and Control, 149–56. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79606-8_11.

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Thomas, Michael E. "Optical Propagation in Solids." In Optical Propagation in Linear Media. Oxford University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195091618.003.0013.

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This chapter emphasizes the linear optical properties of solids as a function of frequency and temperature. Such information is basic to understanding the performance of optical fibers, lenses, dielectric and metallic mirrors, window materials, thin films, and solid-state photonic devices in general. Optical properties are comprehensively covered in terms of mathematical models of the complex index of refraction based on those discussed in Chapters 4 and 5. Parameters for these models are listed in Appendix 4. A general review of solid-state properties precedes this development because the choice of an optical material requires consideration of thermal, mechanical, chemical, and physical properties as well. This section introduces the classification of optical materials and surveys other material properties that must be considered as part of total optical system design involving solidstate optics. Solid-state materials can be classified in several ways. The following are relevant to optical materials. Three general classes of solids are insulators, semiconductors, and metals. Insulators and semiconductors are used in a variety of ways, such as lenses, windows materials, fibers, and thin films. Semiconductors are used in electrooptic devices and optical detectors. Metals are used as reflectors and high-pass filters in the ultraviolet. This type of classification is a function of the material’s electronic bandgap. Materials with a large room-temperature bandgap (Eg > 3eV) are insulators. Materials with bandgaps between 0 and 3 eV are semiconductors. Metals have no observable bandgap because the conduction and valence bands overlap. Optical properties change drastically from below the bandgap, where the medium is transparent, to above the bandgap, where the medium is highly reflective and opaque. Thus, knowledge of its location is important. Appendix 4 lists the bandgaps of a wide variety of optical materials. To characterize a medium within the region of transparency requires an understanding of the mechanisms of low-level absorption and scattering. These mechanisms are classified as intrinsic or extrinsic. Intrinsic properties are the fundamental properties of a perfect material, caused by lattice vibrations, electronic transitions, and so on, of the atoms composing the material.
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Kosti, Siddhartha. "Nanomaterials and Nanocomposites Thermal and Mechanical Properties Modelling." In Research Anthology on Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications of Nanomaterials, 180–99. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8591-7.ch008.

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This chapter deals with the modelling of nanomaterial and nanocomposite mechanical and thermal properties. Enrichment in the technology requires materials having higher thermal properties or higher structural properties. Nanomaterials and nanocomposites can serve this purpose accurately for aerospace or thermal applications and structural applications respectively. The thermal system requires materials having high thermal conductivity while structural system requires materials having high strength. Selection of the material for particular application is very critical and requires knowledge and experience. Al, Cu, TiO2, Al2O3, etc. are considered for thermal applications while epoxy-glass, FRP, etc. are considered for structural applications. Modelling of these nanomaterials and nanocomposites is done with the help of different mathematical models available in the literature. Results show that addition of the nanoparticle/composite in the base material can enhance the thermal and structural properties. Results also show that amount of weight percentage added also affects the properties.
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Kosti, Siddhartha. "Nanomaterials and Nanocomposites Thermal and Mechanical Properties Modelling." In Nanotechnology in Aerospace and Structural Mechanics, 234–56. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7921-2.ch007.

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This chapter deals with the modelling of nanomaterial and nanocomposite mechanical and thermal properties. Enrichment in the technology requires materials having higher thermal properties or higher structural properties. Nanomaterials and nanocomposites can serve this purpose accurately for aerospace or thermal applications and structural applications respectively. The thermal system requires materials having high thermal conductivity while structural system requires materials having high strength. Selection of the material for particular application is very critical and requires knowledge and experience. Al, Cu, TiO2, Al2O3, etc. are considered for thermal applications while epoxy-glass, FRP, etc. are considered for structural applications. Modelling of these nanomaterials and nanocomposites is done with the help of different mathematical models available in the literature. Results show that addition of the nanoparticle/composite in the base material can enhance the thermal and structural properties. Results also show that amount of weight percentage added also affects the properties.
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Bunker, Bruce C., and William H. Casey. "Glass Dissolution and Leaching." In The Aqueous Chemistry of Oxides. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199384259.003.0023.

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Oxide glasses represent some of the most important and prevalent materials that we encounter in our daily lives. The glass industry in the United States produces more than 75,000 glass products, with annual production estimated to be around 20,000,000 t. Roughly 50% of this production is for glass containers for food, beverages, and other liquids. Everyone relies on transparent glass windows for their homes, cars, and even their cell phones. Fiberglass provides insulation for our homes and businesses. We rely on glass for many optical systems, ranging from eyeglasses to microscope lenses to optical fiber communications. Glass is also an optically pleasing material found in many works of art, including stained glass windows. Glass even plays a role in energy transport and storage, being an important electrical insulator used in devices ranging from transformers to batteries. Glass compositions need to be optimized for specific applications, with important parameters being melting properties, thermal conductivity, thermal expansion, strength, dielectric properties, and, of course, optical properties. In most of these applications, glass objects encounter water, either to perform their basic functions or as a result of long-term environmental exposure. This means the chemical properties of many glasses also need to be optimized. Fortunately, borosilicate glasses, which represent the most widely used technological glass compositions, tend to exhibit a high level of resistance to aqueous attack. Understanding the kinetics and mechanisms of glass dissolution is critically important to the nuclear power and defense industries, which involves how to dispose of nuclear wastes safely. These wastes can be exceedingly complex, and contain almost every element found in the Periodic Table. The challenge is to incorporate these wastes into solids that encapsulate radionuclides safely for millions of years. Glass is an attractive option as a waste form because glass melts can accommodate almost all the constituents found in nuclear wastes. However, the deployment of glass waste forms requires the ability to predict the stability of the waste out to exceedingly long times based on science-based glass-dissolution models.
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"Effect of Dry-Zone Formation around Underground Power Cables on Their Ratings." In Advances in Computer and Electrical Engineering, 188–210. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-6509-5.ch009.

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Current ratings of buried cables are determined by the characteristics of surrounding soils and cable properties as given in IEC 60287-1-3 (1982). In this standard the soil thermal resistivity of the surrounding soil is supposed to be varies from 0.5 oC m/w to 1.2 oC m/w but under loading the heat dissipated from underground power cables increases the soil thermal resistivity and this may leads to cable thermal failure and thermal instability of the soil around the underground cables. For this reason de-rating factors for cable loading taking the dry zone formation into consideration has to be considered during distribution cable network design. Several approaches have been adopted to establish current ratings of buried cables based on constant values of soil thermal conductivities. Mathematical models are suggested by many researches to study the drying out phenomenon around underground power cables. In this chapter de-rating factor for underground power cables taking dry zone formation into account is calculated depending on IEC 60287-1-3 (1982). This chapter also contains an experimental work carried out on different types of soils to investigate the formation of dry zone phenomena under loading by heat source simulates the underground cables.
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Conference papers on the topic "Windows – Thermal properties – Mathematical models"

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Vargas, Pedro, and Aura L. Lo´pez de Ramos. "Influence of Thermal Properties Accuracy on Transient Conduction Models." In 2010 14th International Heat Transfer Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ihtc14-23129.

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The influence of thermal properties accuracy on the heat transfer mathematical models in transient state for food was studied in this work. To pursue this objective, a model in transient state with temperature variable thermal properties was solved using the method of finite differences and the alternate implicit direction scheme to a food inside a cylindrical container under a sudden heating and cooling process, similar to a method of sterilization and/or pasteurization. The model takes into account a linear dependence of the properties with the temperature. An analysis of the behavior of the main thermal properties of the food based on temperature is presented in this article. The results showed that the prediction of the transient state model is more sensitive to perturbations in the values of volumetric heat capacity than thermal conductivity and diffusivity; however, the volumetric heat capacity varies considerably less with temperature. Models with constant properties yield minor deviations when they are evaluated at typical temperature of the cooling or heating processes. The use of the constant thermal diffusivity model with diffusivity is suggested to be evaluated at temperatures between the average and the final heating or cooling process to ensure deviations less than 5%, between the exact model and the simplified one. This solution is considerably simpler than the one obtained with the variable properties model.
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Yu, Wenbin, and Tian Tang. "A New Micromechanics Model for Predicting Thermal Properties of Heterogeneous Materials." In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-15117.

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A new micromechanics model, namely, the variational asymptotic method for unit cell homogenization (VAMUCH), is extended to predict thermal properties of heterogeneous anisotropic materials. In comparison to existing micromechanics models, VAMUCH is unique in the following three aspects: (1) it invokes only essential assumptions within the concept of micromechanics and achieves the same accuracy as mathematical homogenization theories; (2) it calculates the complete set of properties simultaneously without applying any loads; and (3) the dimensionality of the problem is determined by the dimension of the unit cell and the complete set of material properties can be obtained for one-dimensional unit cells. The present theory is implemented in the computer program VAMUCH, a recently developed, versatile engineering code for homogenization of heterogeneous materials. Several examples will be used to demonstrate the application and accuracy of the theory and the code of VAMUCH.
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Kljukin, D. A. "Mathematical modeling of thermal loading of an artillery gun barrel during firing." In 2022 33th All-Russian Youth Exhibition of Innovations. Publishing House of Kalashnikov ISTU, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22213/ie022124.

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The article provides a solution to the problem of thermal conductivity of the barrel of an artillery piece in the process of firing a burst. One-dimensional and two-dimensional mathematical models are considered, taking into account the rifling in the barrel. An approach is given that allows taking into account the rifling of the barrel by introducing artificial roughness. The main characteristics of a 30 mm artillery piece and the thermophysical properties of the material are presented. The thermal loading of the barrel from the solution of the problem of internal ballistics in the thermodynamic formulation is determined. The comparison of the barrel temperature plots in the longitudinal and radial directions is carried out, it is shown that the solution for the one-dimensional model coincides with the solution for the two-dimensional one. The thickness of the warmed-up trunk layer is determined. Studies have shown that for rifled artillery pieces, it is necessary to take into account rifling when solving the problem of thermal conductivity.
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Wilden, J., and H. Frank. "Thermal Spraying – Simulation of Coating Structure." In ITSC2005, edited by E. Lugscheider. Verlag für Schweißen und verwandte Verfahren DVS-Verlag GmbH, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2005p0287.

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Abstract Thermal sprayed coatings are widely used to improve wear and corrosion behavior of metallic surfaces. The coating characteristics depend on the morphology, which can be designed and adjusted for special applications. Therefore the knowledge of the interaction of process parameters with the resulting structure plays a very important role in the optimization of coating processes. The implementation of mathematical models allows to foresee the coating characteristics and enhance quality and process efficiency as well. In this paper, a model of the vacuum plasma spray process is presented. Theoretical studies show the influence of process parameters on temperature and velocity within the plasma jet. Heating and acceleration of particles by the plasma and following the spreading, superposition, cooling and solidification of particles on the substrate are investigated. The resulting structure depends on plasma properties, injection conditions, particle parameters and substrate properties. Systematic studies show the effect of parameter variation on the particle properties, cooling and solidification behavior and subsequently on the coating structure.
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Atabaki, Nima, Nirmalakanth Jesuthasan, and B. Rabi Baliga. "Steady-State Network Thermofluid Models of Loop Heat Pipes." In ASME/JSME 2007 Thermal Engineering Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the ASME 2007 InterPACK Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2007-32681.

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A loop heat pipe (LHP) with one evaporator, a vapor-transport line, a single condenser, a liquid-transport line, and a compensation chamber is considered. The evaporator is an internally grooved circular pipe, with an annular wick installed on its inner surface. The wick is made of sintered powder metal. The condenser is a horizontal tube that is fitted with excellent thermal contact inside a metallic sleeve that is immersed in a constant-temperature bath maintained at a fixed sink temperature. Two different network thermofluid models of this LHP operating under steady-state conditions are presented. In the first (basic) model, quasi one-dimensional mathematical models of the fluid flow and heat transfer in each of the elements of the LHP are used; the pressure drop in the two-phase region of the condenser is ignored; and a relatively simple correlation is used to model the heat transfer in the two-phase region of the condenser. In the second (segmented) model, quasi one-dimensional control volumes or cells are used for the simulation of fluid flow and heat transfer in the vapor-transport line, the condenser, and the liquid-transport line, in order to better account for the variation of fluid properties and the quality (in two-phase regions); and the pressure drops in the two-phase regions are accounted for. The working fluid considered in this investigation is ammonia, but the proposed models can be used with any suitable fluid. Results pertaining to the LHP performance for a range of operating conditions are presented. Some of these results are compared to corresponding results of an earlier experimental investigation in the literature: good agreement is obtained with both models.
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Agarwal, Gaurav, and Brian Lattimer. "Energetic Characterization of Decomposing Sample Using Simultaneous Thermal Analysis." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-86609.

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A simultaneous thermogravimetric analyzer was used to investigate the gravimetric and energetic behavior of a decomposing sample under inert atmosphere. Materials tested in the study included liquid chemicals, polymers and composite samples. Mathematical models were developed from the first law of thermodynamics to quantify the energetic characteristics of a decomposing sample. Along with the effect of evolved gas products, the temperature dependent thermal and physical properties were included in the development of the mathematical models. Models were used to obtain the heat of melting, standard heat of decomposition, heat of decomposition, and heat of gasification of the solid materials. It was determined that the heat of decomposition of a sample is different than the area difference of the apparent and sensible heat flow curves, an approach that is currently used in the literature. The standard heat of decomposition was measured and validated against the standard heat of evaporation of known chemicals. The standard heat of decomposition of a sample was found to be a constant quantity, irrespective of the sample heating rate, initial mass of the sample and the inert content (ash) in the initial mass of the sample. Thus, the standard heat of decomposition is proposed as a unique energetic property of a sample.
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Pellet, Mathieu, Pierre Melchior, Youssef Abdelmoumen, and Alain Oustaloup. "Fractional Thermal Model of the Lungs Using Havriliak-Negami Function." In ASME 2011 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2011-48095.

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This paper is about fractional system identification of a thermal model of the lungs. Usually, during open-heart surgery, an extracorporeal circulation (ECC) is carried out on the patient. In order to plug the artificial heart/lung machine on the blood stream, the lungs are disconnected from the circulatory system. This may results in postoperative respiratory complications. A method to protect the lungs has been developed by surgeon and anesthetist. It is called: bronchial hypothermia. The aim is to cool the organ in order to slow down its deterioration. Unfortunately the thermal properties of the lungs are not well-known yet. Mathematical models are useful and needed in order to improve the knowledge of these organs. As proved by several previous works, fractional models are especially appropriate to model thermal systems (model compacity, accuracy) and the dynamic of fractal systems. Thus, fractional models of the lungs have been determined using time domain system identification with the Havriliak-Negami function. A comparison with integer order models was also carried out. The aim of this paper is to present the results of this study.
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Karaki, Wafaa, Peiwen Li, Jon Van Lew, M. M. Valmiki, Cholik Chan, and Jake Stephens. "Experimental Investigation of Thermal Storage Processes in a Thermocline Storage Tank." In ASME 2011 5th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2011-54134.

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This paper presents an experimental study and analysis of the heat transfer of energy charge and discharge in a packed-bed thermocline thermal storage tank for application in concentrated solar thermal power plants. Because the energy storage efficiency is a function of many parameters including fluid and solid properties, tank dimensions, packing dimensions, and time lengths of charge and discharge, this paper aims to provide experimental data and a proper approach of data reduction and presentation. To accomplish this goal, dimensionless governing equations of energy conservation in the heat transfer fluid and solid packed-bed material are derived. The obtained experimental data will provide a basis for validation of mathematical models in the future.
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Tillmann, W., E. Vogli, B. Hussong, S. Kuhnt, and N. Rudak. "Relations between in Flight Particle Characteristics and Coating Properties by HVOF-Spraying." In ITSC2010, edited by B. R. Marple, A. Agarwal, M. M. Hyland, Y. C. Lau, C. J. Li, R. S. Lima, and G. Montavon. DVS Media GmbH, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2010p0385.

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Abstract Thermal spraying technology still suffers from a lack of reproducibility due to uncontrollable factors during the process. Current methods of process control by means of observing process parameters like gas- and powder flow are insufficient to guarantee a constant quality of coatings, while a direct analysis of the deposited layer is time- consuming and can only be conducted after the process. Furthermore, recently developed mathematical models which correlate process parameters to coating properties are not applicable for all materials. As the particles’ behavior during the process affects the coating properties, a direct process control by the observation of the particles seems expedient. This method is applicable on running processes and thus avoids defective production. In this study, HVOF spraying experiments were conducted. The in-flight particles’ behavior was investigated using an optical diagnostic system, while coating properties were analysed by metallographical methods.
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Elliott, Gloria D., and John J. McGrath. "Freezing Response of Mammary Tissue: A Mathematical Study." In ASME 1999 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1999-0584.

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Abstract Cryosurgery, the use of low temperatures to devitalize neoplastic tissue, has become an accepted treatment modality for many cancers such as those of the liver and prostate. Recently, the application of cryosurgery to human breast malignancies has been explored (Staren et. al, 1997, Pham and Rubinsky, 1998). Breast cancer will affect 1 in 9 women over the course of their lifetime (American Cancer Society, 1997). Although there are a wide variety of therapies available to treat this disease, the broad pathological spectrum of patients with breast cancer necessitates newer and better treatments before these numbers will decline. The composition of human mammary tissue is highly varied (age, body mass, and hormone dependent) making the application of cryosurgery to this tissue complex. Although the preponderance of breast cancer lesions occur in post-menopausal patients, women of all ages are affected by this disease. More importantly, lesions persist in all types of breast tissue. If cryosurgery is to become a viable therapy for breast cancer, it is important to understand the range of responses expected from the different tissue compositions, and, if relevant, identify the tissue types most suited to cryo-based therapies. To this end, an understanding of the response of these various classes of breast tissue to freezing can be accomplished using accurate heat and mass transfer models. Based on a review of basic human breast histology during all stages of mammary gland development, several different categories of human breast tissue were chosen for constitutional analysis. The volumetric dominance of each of the different tissue constituents was determined and then using this information, the volume-averaged thermal properties for each category calculated. A preliminary analysis, utilizing basic heat conduction equations and effective heat transfer properties, was performed to understand if, in a pure conduction sense, the various categories of breast tissue would respond differently to the same applied freezing protocol, and if so, which components were thermally most relevant. This analysis, although not completely descriptive of the physical situation occurring during an actual cryosurgery protocol, represents the first steps in determining the morphological features of mammary tissue which must be taken into consideration in future modeling efforts.
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