Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Window DEA'

Data envelopment analysis models are common tools to measure efficiency of decision-making unit. This thesis presents several DEA-based approaches and describes data that are collected and closely watched by Czech Tax Offices. Presented methods are used to evaluate Tax Offices. Each Tax Office will be evaluated with efficiency rate by every presented approach. In the last part of this thesis, the Tax Offices will be ordered by achieved results and the methods will be compared.

We hereby present a dataset produced at the Wittgenstein Centre (WIC) containing comprehensive time series on educational attainment and mean years of schooling (MYS). The dataset is split by 5-year age groups and sex for 171 countries and covers the period between 1970 and 2010. It also contains projections of educational attainment to 2060 based on several scenarios of demographic and educational development. The dataset is constructed around collected and harmonized empirical census and survey data sets for the projection base year. The article present the principles and methodology associated with the reconstruction and the projection, and how it differs from several previous exercises. It also proposes a closer look at the diffusion of education in world regions and how the existing gaps in terms of generations, gender, and geography - hence called the 3Gs - have been evolving in the last forty years.

Thesis (M.S. in Computer Science)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2008.
Thesis Advisor(s): Vidas, Timothy M. "December 2008." Description based on title screen as viewed on January 30, 2009. Includes bibliographical references (p. 103-107). Also available in print.

The resolution of spatial data has increased over the past decade making them more accurate in depicting landform features. From using a 60m resolution Landsat imagery to resolution close to a meter provided by data from Unmanned Aerial Systems, the number of pixels per area has increased drastically. Topographic features derived from high resolution remote sensing is relevant to measuring agricultural yield. However, conventional algorithms in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) used for processing digital elevation models (DEM) have severe limitations. Typically, 3-by-3 window sizes are used for evaluating the slope, aspect and curvature. Since this window size is very small compared to the resolution of the DEM, they are mostly resampled to a lower resolution to match the size of typical topographic features and decrease processing overheads. This results in low accuracy and limits the predictive ability of any model using such DEM data. In this dissertation, the landform attributes were derived over multiple scales using the concept of sliding window-based aggregation. Using aggregates from previous iteration increases the efficiency from linear to logarithmic thereby addressing scalability issues. The usefulness of DEM-derived topographic features within Random Forest models that predict agricultural yield was examined. The model utilized these derived topographic features and achieved the highest accuracy of 95.31% in predicting Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) compared to a 51.89% for window size 3-by-3 in the conventional method. The efficacy of partial dependence plots (PDP) in terms of interpretability was also assessed. This aggregation methodology could serve as a suitable replacement for conventional landform evaluation techniques which mostly rely on reducing the DEM data to a lower resolution prior to data processing.
National Science Foundation (Award OIA-1355466)

Thesis (M.S. in Computer Science)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2008.
Thesis Advisor(s): Eagle, Chris S. "December 2008." Description based on title screen as viewed on February 2, 2009. Includes bibliographical references (p. 89-90). Also available in print.

Co-speech gestures are children’s first path towards communication. Further in development, research has primarily focused on the role of iconic gestures in boosting children’s narrative abilities, while less is known about the effects of nonreferential gestures. The main goal of this PhD dissertation is to investigate the scaffolding role of non-referential beat gestures (i.e., rhythmic hand movements that are associated with prosodic prominence in oral discourse) in the development of oral narrative abilities in children. Given the fact that beat gestures act as highlighters of linguistic properties such as rhythm, information focus or discourse structure, we hypothesize that these gestures can help children frame discourse. In order to test this general hypothesis, this thesis includes three empirical studies ––each one described in a separate chapter. Study 1 is a longitudinal study which analyzes the speech and gestures produced by 45 14- to 58-month-old children in naturalistic interactions with their caregivers. Results show that the early production of beats, as opposed to the production of iconic gestures and hand flip gestures (i.e., non-referential gestures performed by turning the wrist of the hand), predicts later narrative abilities at 5 years of age. The other two studies (Study 2 and Study 3) use a between-subjects narrative training task with a pretest–posttest design to investigate whether non-referential beat gestures can be key in bolstering narrative discourse performance in a total of 91 5- to 6-year-old children. While the first study examines whether multimodal training in which children observe beat gestures can contribute to improving their narrative performance in terms of narrative structure, the second study analyzes whether training which encourages children to produce beat gestures ––as opposed to merely observing them–– can have the same effects in terms of narrative structure and fluency. The results of both studies demonstrate that children who observed beat gestures during training (Study 2) and children who were encouraged to produce them (Study 3) showed a significant gain in the quality of their posttest narrative performance as opposed to children who were exposed to the control conditions. Altogether, the results of the abovementioned studies show the importance of a less-studied gesture in children’s language development, i.e., beat gesture, and how this type of non-referential gesture has a strong link to children’s narrative development. While results from the Study 1 demonstrate the predictive role of beats in children’s later narrative abilities, results from Studies 2 and 3 reveal the essential role of training with beat gestures for short-term improvement in children’s narrative discourse performance. Moreover, these findings are relevant not only to understand the value of the multimodal integration between gesture and speech in child development, but also have important methodological implications for teachers and speech therapists working on narrative abilities.
Els gestos de la parla constitueixen una part essencial dels inicis de la comunicació. Més tard en el desenvolupament, la recerca s’ha focalitzat principalment en el paper que tenen els gestos icònics en la promoció de les habilitats narratives dels nens i nenes. Tanmateix, no s’ha fet gaire recerca sobre els efectes dels gestos no referencials. El principal objectiu d’aquesta tesi doctoral és investigar el rol potenciador dels gestos rítmics no referencials (i. e., moviments rítmics de les mans que estan associats amb la prominència prosòdica en el discurs oral) en el desenvolupament de les habilitats narratives orals dels nens i nenes. Tenint en compte que els gestos rítmics actuen com a marcadors de propietats lingüístiques com el ritme, el focus d’informació o l’estructura del discurs, esperem que aquests gestos puguin ajudar els nens i nenes a organitzar el discurs. Per demostrar aquesta hipòtesi general, aquesta tesi inclou tres estudis empírics ––cadascun descrit en un capítol. L’Estudi 1 és un estudi longitudinal que analitza la parla i els gestos produïts per 45 nens i nenes de 14 a 58 mesos en interaccions naturals amb els seus cuidadors. Els resultats mostren que la producció primerenca de gestos rítmics, en comparació amb la producció de gestos icònics i de gestos de volteig de les mans (i. e., gestos no referencials realitzats girant el canell de la mà), prediu les habilitats narratives posteriors, als 5 anys d’edat. Els altres dos estudis (Estudi 2 i Estudi 3) utilitzen una tasca d’entrenament narratiu entre subjectes amb un disseny pretest–posttest per investigar si els gestos rítmics no referencials poden ser essencials per reforçar el discurs narratiu en un total de 91 nens i nenes de 5 a 6 anys. Mentre que el primer estudi analitza si un entrenament multimodal en què els nens i nenes observen gestos rítmics pot contribuir a millorar les seves produccions narratives en termes d’estructura narrativa, el segon estudi analitza si un entrenament en què es motiva els nens i nenes a produir gestos rítmics ––a diferència de la seva simple observació–– pot tenir els mateixos efectes en termes d’estructura narrativa i fluïdesa del discurs. Els resultats dels dos estudis demostren que els nens i nenes que van observar gestos rítmics durant l’entrenament (Estudi 2) i els nens i nenes que van ser motivats a produir-los (Estudi 3) van mostrar un guany significatiu en la qualitat de les seves produccions narratives posteriors, a diferència dels nens i nenes que van ser exposats a les condicions control. En conjunt, els resultats dels estudis mencionats mostren la importància d’un gest menys estudiat en el desenvolupament del llenguatge dels nens i nenes, i. e., el gest rítmic, i com aquest tipus de gest no referencial té un fort lligam amb el desenvolupament narratiu dels nens i nenes. Mentre que els resultats de l’Estudi 1 demostren el rol predictiu dels gestos rítmics en les habilitats narratives més tardanes dels nens i nenes, els resultats dels Estudis 2 i 3 proven que l’entrenament multimodal amb gestos rítmics pot ajudar a millorar a curt termini les produccions narratives dels nens i nenes. A més, aquests resultats són rellevants no només per entendre el valor de la integració multimodal entre gest i parla en el desenvolupament dels nens i nenes, sinó que també tenen implicacions metodològiques importants per als mestres o logopedes que treballin les habilitats narratives.
Los gestos del habla constituyen una parte esencial de los inicios de la comunicación. Más tarde en el desarrollo, la investigación se ha focalizado principalmente en el papel que tienen los gestos icónicos en la promoción de las habilidades narrativas de los niños y niñas. Sin embargo, no se ha hecho mucha investigación sobre los efectos de los gestos no referenciales. El principal objetivo de esta tesis doctoral es investigar el rol potenciador de los gestos rítmicos no referenciales (i. e., movimientos rítmicos de las manos que están asociados con la prominencia prosódica en el discurso oral) en el desarrollo de las habilidades narrativas orales de los niños y niñas. Teniendo en cuenta que los gestos rítmicos actúan como marcadores de propiedades lingüísticas como el ritmo, el foco de información o la estructura del discurso, esperamos que estos gestos puedan ayudar a los niños y niñas a organizar el discurso. Para demostrar esta hipótesis general, esta tesis incluye tres estudios empíricos ––cada uno descrito en un capítulo. El Estudio 1 es un estudio longitudinal que analiza el habla y los gestos producidos por 45 niños y niñas de 14 a 58 meses en interacciones naturales con sus cuidadores. Los resultados muestran que la producción temprana de gestos rítmicos, en comparación con la producción de gestos icónicos y de gestos de volteo de las manos (i. e., gestos no referenciales realizados girando la muñeca de la mano), predice las habilidades narrativas posteriores, a los 5 años de edad. Los otros dos estudios (Estudio 2 y Estudio 3) utilizan una tarea de entrenamiento narrativo entre sujetos con un diseño pretest–postest para investigar si los gestos rítmicos no referenciales pueden ser esenciales para reforzar el discurso narrativo en un total de 91 niños y niñas de 5 a 6 años. Mientras que el primer estudio analiza si un entrenamiento multimodal en el que los niños y niñas observan gestos rítmicos puede contribuir a mejorar sus producciones narrativas en términos de estructura narrativa, el segundo estudio analiza si un entrenamiento en el que se motiva a los niños y niñas a producir gestos rítmicos ––a diferencia de su simple observación–– puede tener los mimos efectos en términos de estructura narrativa y fluidez del discurso. Los resultados de los dos estudios demuestran que los niños y niñas que observaron gestos rítmicos durante el entrenamiento (Estudio 2) y los niños y niñas que fueron motivados a producirlos (Estudio 3) mostraron una ganancia significativa en la calidad de sus producciones narrativas posteriores, a diferencia de los niños y niñas que fueron expuestos a las condiciones control. En conjunto, los resultados de los estudios mencionados muestran la importancia de un gesto menos estudiado en el desarrollo del lenguaje de los niños y niñas, i. e., el gesto rítmico, y cómo este tipo de gesto no referencial tiene un fuerte vínculo con el desarrollo narrativo de los niños y niñas. Mientras que los resultados del Estudio 1 demuestran el rol predictivo de los gestos rítmicos en las habilidades narrativas más tardías de los niños y niñas, los resultados de los Estudios 2 y 3 prueban que el entrenamiento multimodal con gestos rítmicos puede ayudar a mejorar a corto plazo las producciones narrativas de los niños y niñas. Además, estos resultados son relevantes no solo para entender el valor de la integración multimodal entre gesto y habla en el desarrollo de los niños y niñas, sino que también tienen implicaciones metodológicas importantes para los maestros o logopedas que trabajen las habilidades narrativas.

Si è voluto ricreare uno scenario di scorretta gestione di un reperto informatico, ideando e successivamente attuando una serie di test al fine di misurare le alterazioni subite dal sistema operativo (Windows XP). Sono state trattate le best practice operative (internazionali) nonché le disposizioni definite dalla normativa vigente (italiana).

Thesis (M.S. in Electrical Engineering)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2009.
Thesis Advisor(s): Julian, Alexander L. Second Reader: Cristi, Roberto. "December 2009." Description based on title screen as viewed on January 28, 2010. Author(s) subject terms: Double Fed Induction Generator (DFIG), Space Vector Modulation (SVM), wind turbine, Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), bi-directional power flow. Includes bibliographical references (p. 75). Also available in print.

The thesis aim is to offer a general assessment of potential of offshore wind deployment in Italy. More specifically, it aids with the identification of the most promising locations and estimates the levelized cost of energy of the areas found suitable. Furthermore, the thesis develops a simple technical feasibility study at one of these sites, which specifically focuses on the design of the wind turbines foundations, considering and comparing different geotechnical solutions. It is been found that, in Italy, the offshore area suitable for the installation of wind farms is approximately 110,000 km2, with an estimated theoretical annual energy production of 188.25 TWh, more than half of the Italian electricity need. Locations identified as promising are the Adriatic Sea, and the Ionian Sea of the Apulia region and the South-West part of Sicily. For these areas the LCOE analysis has yielded values ranging between 90 $/kWh to 130 $/kWh, in line with European average. The case of study indicated that anchors’ cost strongly depends on local met-ocean conditions, as it is found by comparing the results obtained for the Italian case study with Hywind Scotland pilot floating wind farm, used as benchmark. Comparison between two different anchor solutions has also shown that the foundation choice has also a significant impact on the overall cost for a plant set-up.

La presente tesi si occupa di identificare la metodologia utilizzata per la definizione di percorsi Real Driving Emissions. Nel particolare sono stati individuati due percorsi, uno in piano, definite RDE Moderate Track ed uno in quota, definito RDE Extended Track. Si è anche eseguita una analisi dei cicli su banco a rulli NEDC e WLTC in ottica Real Driving Emissions.

Pulitzer Prize-winning composer David Del Tredici (b. 1937) has gained recognition as a composer for both instrumental and vocal settings. Although his instrumental contributions include solo, chamber, and orchestral works, to date he has only written one composition for wind band. A conductor must devote himself / herself to score study and analysis in order to form an accurate interpretation and to conduct effective rehearsals. A vital part of score study and analysis is familiarity with the composer’s technique and style of writing. A brief biographical sketch presents Del Tredici’s background, education, honors and awards, academic career, and influences, as well as a discussion of his compositional and orchestration techniques. Both movements of In Wartime are analyzed using the elements of melody, harmony, form, rhythm (which includes tempo, meter, rhythm, and rhythmic techniques), orchestration, texture, and dynamics. Rehearsal considerations for each movement are presented based on the author’s experience rehearsing and conducting In Wartime. The intention of this document is to facilitate conductors in their study and preparation of In Wartime in order that they may realize more effective rehearsals and inspired performances. Included in the appendices are trumpet parts transposed to the key of B-flat and instructions for the construction of the wind machine indicated in the score.

Tesis (magíster con mención en derecho penal)
El siguiente trabajo tiene por objeto analizar la problemática de la penalización de las ganancias ilícitas en Chile, el origen de la discusión y el desarrollo de los argumentos a favor y contra de la existencia de un delito tributario por la no tributación de dichos ingresos. A su vez, se revisarán las opiniones más relevantes para la solución de este conflicto, mediante la sanción del enriquecimiento ilícito por vías distintas a la tipificación de un ilícito tributario, verificando que este no es un tema pacífico para la doctrina y jurisprudencia nacional y que se encuentra lejos de estar completamente resuelto.

Nell'ottica di un futuro riprogetto, totale o parziale, del ventilatore della galleria del vento del progetto CICLoPE dell'Università di Bologna, è stato messo a punto, grazie a modelli matematici di letteratura, un algoritmo per la determinazione della geometria delle pale di un fan. La procedura si basa su ipotesi di incompressibilità e assenza di vortici di estremità ed è in grado di fornire la geometria del ventilatore una volta che sono state fissate: le condizioni richieste nella sezione di test, l'efficienza del tunnel e alcune proprietà del ventilatore stesso (ad esempio tipologia di profilo aerodinamico e numero di pale). L'algoritmo è in grado di lavorare solamente con la configurazione ventilatore seguito da profili raddrizzatori, ma è in previsione un'estensione che consentirà di studiare anche la configurazione a fan controrotanti (come quella del CICLoPE). Con questo software sono state progettate numerose soluzioni diverse per studiare il legame tra rendimento e geometria del ventilatore. Inoltre sono stati individuati i parametri che permettono di ottenere una pala con rastremazione e svergolatura trascurabili, con lo scopo di abbassare i costi del manufatto. In particolare è stato dimostrato come le configurazioni con diametro della nacelle grande (superiore al 65\% del diametro della sezione di potenza) siano particolarmente adatte a fornire rendimenti alti con la minima complicatezza della pala. Per quanto riguarda l'efficienza aerodinamica del profilo, i test comparativi indicano che questo parametro influisce relativamente poco sul rendimento del macchinario ma modifica profondamente la geometria della pala. Efficienze elevate tendono, secondo lo studio, a richiedere pale estremamente rastremate e poco svergolate; questo porta a preferire l'adozione di profili mediamente efficienti ma dall'ampio intervallo operativo in termini di angolo di attacco.

El Instituto Geofísico del Perú ha desarrollado un proyecto, financiado por INNOVATE Perú, llamado “Diseño e implementación de un radar perfilador de vientos que opera en UHF para estudios de turbulencias y precipitación en el territorio peruano”, este proyecto es la propuesta de solución a una limitación presentada por la comunidad científica del Perú y otras entidades para hacer estudios climáticos de vientos y precipitación. Parte del desarrollo de este radar, es el procesamiento de los datos recibidos. En esta tesis se ha hecho un análisis del diseño, frecuencia y tipo de radar que fue diseñado para luego seleccionar los algoritmos de procesamiento necesarios. Los algoritmos que se desarrollaron para el procesamiento del radar UHF permiten estimar vientos troposféricos y turbulencia con la técnica de análisis espectral total. Además de medir la intensidad de precipitación y el factor de reflectividad obtenido de las lluvias con la relación del diámetro de gotas y el factor de reflectividad. Los resultados de estas estimaciones, posteriormente son comparados con otros instrumentos para su validación y su posterior aplicación.
The Geophysical Institute of Peru (IGP) has developed a project called "Design and implementation of a radar profiler that operates in UHF for studies of turbulence and precipitation in the Peruvian territory", this project is the proposed solution to a limitation presented by the scientific community of Peru and other entities to conduct climate studies of winds and precipitation. Part of the development of this radar is the processing of received data. In this thesis an analysis of the design, frequency and type of the designed radar was done to then select the appropriate processing algorithms. The algorithms that were developed for the UHF radar processing allows the estimation of tropospheric winds and turbulence with the full spectral analysis technique. In addition to measuring the intensity of precipitation and the reflectivity factor obtained from rainfall related to the diameter of drops and the reflectivity factor. The results of these estimates are then compared with other instruments for validation and subsequent application.
Tesis

Questo elaborato consiste nello sviluppo di una piccola galleria del vento a ciclo aperto finalizzata alla calibrazione di anemometri a filo caldo da impiegare negli ambienti del CICLoPE (Centre for International Cooperation in Long Pipe Experiments) dell'Università di Bologna. La necessità di un dispositivo siffatto nasce dall'impossibilità di calibrare correttamente le sonde nella sezione di test del laboratorio in quanto subentrano effetti perturbativi legati all'instabilità e non-uniformità del flusso. Per ovviare al problema è possibile sfruttare la regione potenziale di un getto libero. In questo caso l'apparecchiatura è stata ideata per generare un getto piano rettangolare in grado di consentire la calibrazione di più anemometri contemporaneamente. Caratteristica principale del dispositivo è quella di essere modulare, così da renderlo versatile e facile da mantenere e pulire. La fase concettuale del progetto è seguita dalla stima delle perdite di carico indotte dai componenti, necessaria alla selezione di un ventilatore centrifugo capace di sostentare il flusso d'aria.

Fonte pulita, rinnovabile ed inesauribile, l'energia eolica altro non è che l'energia cinetica prodotta dal movimento dell'aria sulla superficie terrestre, tra zone di alta e di bassa pressione. La centrale eolica viene denominata “Wind farm” ed è formata da un raggruppamento di più aerogeneratori. Lo scopo di questo elaborato è quello di calcolare e valutare le prestazioni annuali delle wind farm, sia in termini di efficienza di produzione energetica sia in termini economici, tramite la costruzione di un algoritmo che permetta di simularne le prestazioni. Tale algoritmo deve avere carattere generale e non specifico: inserendo gli opportuni input deve adattarsi a qualsiasi situazione di parco eolico. In questo lavoro viene anche studiata la possibilità di costruire wind farm offshore ‘non uniformi’, ovvero in cui possano coesistere diversi tipi di aerogeneratori, aventi diversi diametri del rotore e posizionati a diverse altezze tra di loro, al fine di valutare se tali configurazioni possano o meno avere influenza positiva sull’effetto scia. Quest’ultimo non è altro che un disturbo del flusso d’aria creato dalle turbine eoliche sopravento che incide su quelle situate sottovento, generando deficit di velocità. Lo scopo di un layout ottimizzato è quindi quello di minimizzare tale effetto. Minore è l’effetto scia, maggiore sarà l’energia prodotta dal parco. Nella prima parte dell’elaborato si svolge uno studio anemologico in diverse località marittime italiane. Vengono poi studiate le diverse teorie che stanno alla base del funzionamento dell’eolico: Distribuzione di Weibull, legge di Betz, modello di Jensen per la caratterizzazione dell’effetto scia. Vengono poi analizzate le turbine eoliche e il loro funzionamento. Viene quindi sviluppato l’algoritmo, codificato in ambiente Microsoft Visual Basic for Applications di Excel, in grado di simulare il funzionamento di ogni parco eolico e restituirne in output gli indicatori prestazionali ed economici più importanti.

Lo scopo di questo studio è la comprensione della dinamica dello strato limite urbano per città dell’Emilia Romagna tramite simulazioni numeriche. In particolare, l’attenzione è posta sull’ effetto isola di calore, ovvero sulla differenza di temperatura dell’aria in prossimità del suolo fra zone rurali e urbane dovuta all’urbanizzazione. Le simulazioni sono state effettuate con il modello alla mesoscala "Weather Research and Forecasting" (WRF), accoppiato con le parametrizzazioni urbane "Building Effect Parametrization" (BEP) e "Building Energy Model" (BEM), che agiscono a vari livelli verticali urbani. Il periodo di studio riguarda sei giorni caldi e senza copertura nuvolosa durante un periodo di heat wave dell’anno 2015. La copertura urbana è stata definita con il "World Urban Databes and Access Portal Tools" (WUDAPT), un metodo che permette di classificare le aree urbane in dieci "urban climate zones" (UCZ), attraverso l’uso combinato di immagini satellitari e "training areas" manualmente definite con il software Google Earth. Sono state svolte diverse simulazioni a domini innestati, con risoluzione per il dominio più piccolo di 500 m, centrato sulla città di Bologna. Le differenze fra le simulazioni riguardano la presenza o l’assenza delle strutture urbane, il metodo di innesto e tipo di vegetazione rurale. Inoltre, è stato valutato l’effetto dovuto alla presenza di pannelli fotovoltaici sopra i tetti di ogni edificio e le variazioni che i pannelli esercitano sullo strato limite urbano. Per verificare la bontà del modello, i dati provenienti dalle simulazioni sono stati confrontati con misure provenienti da 41 stazioni all’interno dell’area di studio. Le variabili confrontate sono: temperatura, umidità relativa, velocità e direzione del vento. Le simulazioni sono in accordo con i dati osservativi e riescono a riprodurre l’effetto isola di calore: la differenza di temperatura fra città e zone rurali circostanti è nulla durante il giorno; al contrario, durante la notte l’isola di calore è presente, e in media raggiunge il massimo valore di 4°C alle 1:00. La presenza dei pannelli fotovoltaici abbassa la temperatura a 2 metri dell’aria al massimo di 0.8°C durante la notte, e l’altezza dello strato limite urbano dell’ordine 200mrispetto al caso senza pannelli. I risultati mostrano come l’uso di pannelli fotovoltaici all’interno del contesto urbano ha molteplici benefici: infatti, i pannelli fotovoltaici riescono a ridurre la temperatura durante un periodo di heat wave, e allo stesso tempo possono parzialmente sopperire all’alto consumo energetico, con una conseguente riduzione del consumo di combustibili fossili.

In the last years, increasing attention has been devoted to the study of complex terrain flows, with the specific goal in achieving a better understanding of air circulation which usually develops over mountainous regions. Progress in this field of research is fundamental for improvements of numerical weather prediction models for irregular topography areas, which are commonplace in human settlements across the world. Mountainous regions are often characterized by the diurnal mountain wind system, a thermally driven circulation involving winds following the shape of the underlying surface, such as, for example, downslope flows which originate during nighttime and travel down the mountain slopes. Nocturnal downslope flows are investigated in this work, using a subset of experimental data collected at Granite Mountain, in Utah, during MATERHORN campaign. The dataset consists of data measured by sonic anemometers as well as slow sensors mounted up to seven levels on 4 towers deployed along a main lower slope (angle about 2-3°) of Granite Mountain. The study is performed through the Wavelet Transform method, a mathematical tool which improves the classical Fourier Transform, as it provides the location in time and/or space in addition to frequencies of physical phenomena. The final purpose of the present thesis is to evaluate the ability of Wavelet Analysis of detecting relevant flow features in the flow dynamics and to characterize their behavior. Wavelet Transform resulted to be an appropriate method to perform this type of study. In particular, it was proved capable of detecting transitions between flow regimes, as well as the presence of flow oscillations at different frequencies. Moreover, it has been efficient in highlighting specific events such as collisions between wind fronts and abrupt variations in measured signals.

The aim of this work is that of improve the understanding of main processes influencing the detection of avalanche victims by rescue dogs. Currently, there is no available physical description of the phenomenon of scent emission, transport and detection by the dog in literature. This study aims at filling this gap using a numerical model that is able to represent the problem of scent transport in the snowpack. A work of bibliographic research has been carried out in order to provide a complete physical description of the problem. The phenomenon that could affect more the scent transport is found out to be that of \textit{wind-pumping}, that is the wind-induced enhancement of the chemical species transport in the snowpack. Wind-pumping effects have been taken into account using the Darcy's law for air flow in porous media and the advection-dispersion equation for chemical species transport in porous media. A numerical model has been implemented using the \textit{COMSOL Multiphysics} software, which allows for numerical implementation and resolution with finite element methods. The snowpack has been treated as a porous medium, so that the Darcy's law and the advection-dispersion equation have been numerically solved inside the snowpack. Then, the model has been used to analyse how the scent transport is influenced by the modification of some environmental parameters like the snowpack density, wind speed, and the stability of the atmospheric surface layer. The mean wind speed and surface layer stability are found out to be the most important parameters and their variation can increase the time required to detect the victim up to one hour. On the other hand the variation in the values of the snow density are found to cause a delay in the scent transport up to 10 minutes. Our work and the obtained results are expected to be useful in order to optimize the rescue operations using dogs and to provide to rescuers a more detailed understanding of this phenomenon.

Este trabalho descreve o desenvolvimento de um sistema de controle com compensação de tempo morto aplicado a um ventilador para simular os efeitos do vento em modelos de embarcações. O sistema é instalado no tanque de provas do Departamento de Engenharia Naval da Escola Politécnica da USP. Um sistema de controle baseado em computador é elaborado para a realização dos testes e validação, procedendo-se inicialmente a identificação do sistema a ser controlado. Na malha de controle, o sinal de referência é a velocidade do vento desejada em uma distância pré-definida do ventilador e pode ser tanto um valor constante (representando um vento constante) ou um valor variante no tempo (representando uma rajada de vento). O sistema atuador consiste de um inversor de frequência que aciona o ventilador e a velocidade do vento é medida por um anemômetro, cujo sinal é usado como realimentação para o controlador. A sintonia da malha é realizada pelo método do modelo interno (IMC) e o efeito do tempo morto é observado nos testes, aplicando-se o compensador baseado no Preditor de Smith para minimizá-lo. Pelos resultados dos ensaios, conclui-se que o Preditor de Smith melhora o desempenho do sistema de geração de vento.
This paper describes the development of a control system with dead time compensation applied to a fan to simulate wind effects in models of vessels. The system is installed on the academic towing tank of the Naval Architecture and Oceanic Engineering Department of the University of São Paulo. A control system based on computer is designed for testing and validation, proceeding initially to identify the system to be controlled. In the control loop, the set-point is the desired speed of the wind on a pre-defined distance from the fan and it can be either a constant value (representing a constant wind) or a time-varying value (representing a wind gust). The actuator system consists of a frequency-inverter that drives the fan and the wind speed is measured by an anemometer, whose signal is used as feedback to the controller. The tuning of the controller is made by the internal model control (IMC) and the effect of dead time is observed in the tests, applying the compensator based on Smith Predictor to minimize it. Through the results from the tests, it was concluded that the Smith Predictor improves the performance of the wind generation system.

In order to mitigate the climate change effects, the world is undergoing an energy transition from polluting sources towards renewable energies. This transition is turning the electricity system more dependent on atmospheric conditions and more prone to suffer the effects of climate variability. The atmospheric circulation is changing in certain aspects due to increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, but it also varies from year to year due to natural variability processes occurring in the Earth system at timescales of weeks, months and years. The atmosphere interacts with other components of the Earth System such as the ocean, the cryosphere or the continental surface, that evolve more slowly than the atmosphere and drive the low-frequency variability. The natural climate oscillations that occur at those timescales impact wind speed and wind power generation. Therefore a better knowledge of how the wind resource varies at sub-seasonal, seasonal and decadal time scales is key to understand the risks that the electricity system is facing. Anticipating this variability would also be helpful to many stakeholders in the energy sector to take precautionary actions. Forecasts at sub-seasonal, seasonal and decadal timescales are starting to be possible recently thanks to advances in climate modelling capabilities. Because climate variability is partly driven by coupled physical processes occurring in the Earth, numerical models that represent the interaction between different components of the Earth system can be employed to produce forecasts at these scales. The science of climate prediction deals with the challenge of producing predictions beyond meteorological timescales (i.e. weeks, months and years ahead) although not reaching the centennial timescales, which are studied with scenario-based climate projections. Climate predictions employ the current state of the atmosphere, the ocean, the cryosphere, and the land surface to produce numerical integrations of each component and the forcings and interactions between them to model the evolution of the Earth system as a whole. However, the usage of climate predictions in the wind power sector (or more generally in any specific decision-making context) poses a series of difficulties due to many complex aspects of this type of predictions. The efforts devoted in many initiatives to bring the needs of the users to the center of the discussion have given rise to the field of climate services. In order to assist decision-making, it is not only desirable to have the best predictions available but also to tailor them to the specific needs of each user. To achieve this goal, a dialogue with stakeholders needs to be established, and a trans- disciplinary approach needs to be set up to take advantage of the developments in many research fields regarding knowledge transfer and communication. The work presented in this dissertation advances the knowledge required to produce and successfully apply climate predictions to decision-making in the wind power sector and deals with the three aforementioned challenges: a) understanding the impact of climate oscillations at sub-seasonal and seasonal timescales on wind resource; b) developing methods to produce forecasts of wind speed and wind power generation at this scales; and c) facilitating the uptake of those predictions by means of a climate-services-based approach.
Per tal de mitigar els efectes del canvi climàtic, tots els països del món estan duent a terme una transició energètica de fonts contaminants cap a energies renovables. Aquesta transició està incrementant la sensibilitat del sistema elèctric a les condicions atmosfèriques i fent-lo més vulnerable als efectes de la variabilitat climàtica. A escales de setmanes, mesos i anys, l'atmosfera interacciona amb altres components del sistema Terra com l'oceà, la criosfera o la superfície continental, que evolucionen més lentament que l'atmosfera, condicionant-ne la seva variabilitat a baixa freqüència. Al seu torn, les oscil·lacions que tenen lloc a aquestes escales temporals impacten el vent i la generació d'energia eòlica. Per tant, un millor coneixement de com varia el recurs eòlic a escales sub-estacionals, estacionals i decadals permetrà anticipar els riscs a què el sistema elèctric està sotmès. En segon lloc, anticipar aquesta variabilitat climàtica seria de gran utilitat a diversos actors del sistema energètic. L'ús de models climàtics que representen les interaccions entre les diferents components del sistema Terra permet abordar el repte de produir pronòstics més enllà de l'escala meteorològica (és a dir, a setmanes, mesos i anys vista). Malgrat tot, l'ús de les prediccions climàtiques en el sector de l'energia eòlica presenta una sèrie de dificultats degut a les complexitats d'aquest tipus de previsions. Per tal d'assistir la presa de decisions, no només és necessari disposar de les millors prediccions possibles sinó que cal també ajustar-les a les necessitats específiques de cada ús. Aquest objectiu només es pot assolir amb un diàleg constant i transdisciplinari entre els científics i les parts interessades que integri els avenços en diferents àmbits respecte la transferència de coneixement i la comunicació. Aquesta tesi avança el coneixement necessari per tal de produir i aplicar prediccions climàtiques a la presa de decisions per part de la indústria eòlica, abordant tres reptes: a) avaluar l'impacte d'oscil·lacions climàtiques sub-estacionals i estacional en el recurs eòlic; b) desenvolupar mètodes per produir prediccions de vent o de generació eòlica a aquestes escales; i c) facilitar l'adopció d'aquestes previsions mitjançant una aproximació basada en els serveis climàtics.

Le Sous-comité de la conception et de la construction navale de l'Organisation maritime internationale (OMI) a entrepris l'élaboration de critères de stabilité intacts de deuxième génération (SGISC). Le SGISC est une règle supplémentaire qui complète les règles actuelles.En outre, ces critères sont structurés en trois niveaux, à savoir le premier niveau, le deuxième niveau et l'évaluation directe. Les procédures d'évaluation directe pour chaque échec de stabilité sont développées avec la technologie de pointe la plus avancée disponible soit par analyse numérique, soit par travail expérimental pour une analyse quantitative. Dans cette thèse, on présente une implémentation des niveaux 1 et 2 du SGISC dans le solveur hydrostatique, une approche expérimentale pour le navire en détresse dans une tempête et des simulations RANS du même critère. En conclusion, il est possible de mettre en oeuvre les critères de stabilité du navire intact de deuxième génération dans le code de stabilité GHS ©, un code couramment utilisé par les industriels dans le domaine. Cinq navires ont été considérés pour vérifier cette mise en oeuvre. Une méthode expérimentale utilisant une grande soufflerie et une méthode de calcul CFD simplifiée ont été appliquées sur deux modèles. Dans les deux cas, les résultats montrent que l'angle de roulis maximal atteint par les deux navires étudiés est inférieur à celui donné par le calcul réglementaire. La méthode expérimentale est certainement plus proche de la réalité et le calcul CFD reste conservateur sans être aussi contraignant que la réglementation. En conclusion les méthodes expérimentale et numérique développées et utilisées dans ce travail de thèse peuvent être proposées pour l’évaluation directe du critère
The Sub-Committee of Ship Design and Construction of International Maritime Organisation (IMO) has undertaken the development of Second Generation Intact Stability Criteria (SGISC). The GISC is an additional rule that complement present rules. Five failure modes will be address in SGISC are excessive roll in dead ship condition, pure loss of stability, broaching, parametric roll, and excessive acceleration. Moreover, these criteria are structured in three levels namely, first level, second level and direct assessment. Direct assessment procedures for every stability failure are developed with the most advanced state-of-the art technology available either by numerical analysis or experimental work for quantitative analysis. In this thesis, implementations of Level 1 and Level 2 of the SGISC in the hydrostatic solver, experimental approached for dead ship condition and RANS simulation are presented.In conclusion, it was possible to implement the stability criteria of the intact second-generation vessel in the GHS © code of stability, a code commonly used by industrialists in the field. Five vessels were considered to verify this implementation. An experimental wind tunnel method and a simplified CFD calculation method were used on two different models. In both cases, the results show that the maximum roll angle reached by the two vessels studied is lower than the one given by the regulatory calculation. The experimental method is certainly closer to reality and the calculation CFD remains conservative without being as binding as the regulation.Therefore, the two approaches, numerical and experimental can be proposed to be used for Direct Assessment of the criterion

Los títulos de crédito son secuencias que cumplen con una función estructural del relato fílmico siendo, a su vez, parte representante del hecho cinematográfico. Su carácter de firma autoral e identificador general integra a todo el equipo de producción así como indica rasgos estéticos y narrativos concretos a través del uso del lenguaje gráfico-audiovisual. Son dispositivos delimitados y limitadores que sitúan el texto en el tiempo y en el espacio, determinan y señalan la relación entre el filme y el espectador e implican un carácter de apertura y clausura. Esta tesis plantea que estas secuencias adoptan la función de marco de la obra fílmica; se propone, así, una redefinición de los títulos de crédito a través de la catalogación de los mismos como el marco de los cuadros, el de las ventanas y el de los espejos. Para ello se integrarán diversos aspectos teóricos relacionados con el borde pictórico, el frame teatral o el paratexto literario entre otros. La investigación se aplica sobre el cine del periodo 1958-1969.
Film titles are sequences that fulfill a structural function on the narration of the film. They are at the same time a representative part of the film context. Its character as authorial signature and general identifier integrates the entire production unit and indicates specific aesthetic and narrative features through the use of graphic-visual language. They are delimited and limiting devices that place the text in time and space, they determine and indicate the relationship between the film and the viewer and they involve an opening and closing nature. This thesis dissertation suggests that these sequences take on the role of the film frame; thus, it proposes a redefinition of the credits through their cataloguing as the frame of the paintings, of the windows and of the mirrors. For this purpose various theoretical aspects will be integrated such as the pictorial border, the theatrical frame, or the literary paratext, among others. This research is applied to the films of the period from 1958 to 1969.

In the present work, the turbulent anabatic flow generated over a uniformly heated slope in neutral stratification is originally studied through a large-eddy simulation (LES) technique. The present study is, to the best of the author's knowledge, the first case of a LES applied to anabatic flows in neutral stratification. The simulation approach is succesfully validated against three data sets: experimental, DNS and theoretical. One of the primary objectives of the study is to characterise the instantaneous turbulent structures triggered by the vertical buoyancy force responsible for the increase the turbulent mixing in the boundary layer. Such structures are hardly detected in both field and laboratory experiments and cannot be reproduced by steady-state numerical simulations. A new expression of the characteristic length scale of the thermal boundary layer is proposed and applied to derive alternative scaling parameters. Three principal regions are detected in the near-surface temperature profiles: a conduction region that contains most of the temperature decrease, a convective region dominated by flow convection and an equilibrium region that is almost not influenced by the heated slope. The newly proposed length scale resulted to be linked to the evolution of instantaneous turbulent structures identified as Rayleigh-Taylor instabilities which are analyzed and described. Their characteristic frequency is determined through a spectral analysis and their geometric dimensions are studied and linked to the extension of the vertical mixing zone inside the convection region. Three simulations are performed at different Rayleigh numbers to understand if there is a critical value above which the anabatic flow results Rayleigh-independent. the sensitivity analysis is carried out concluding that the analyzed flows are not Rayleigh-independent.

El Instituto Geofísico del Perú ha desarrollado un proyecto, financiado por INNOVATE Perú, llamado “Diseño e implementación de un radar perfilador de vientos que opera en UHF para estudios de turbulencias y precipitación en el territorio peruano”, este proyecto es la propuesta de solución a una limitación presentada por la comunidad científica del Perú y otras entidades para hacer estudios climáticos de vientos y precipitación. Parte del desarrollo de este radar, es el procesamiento de los datos recibidos. En esta tesis se ha hecho un análisis del diseño, frecuencia y tipo de radar que fue diseñado para luego seleccionar los algoritmos de procesamiento necesarios. Los algoritmos que se desarrollaron para el procesamiento del radar UHF permiten estimar vientos troposféricos y turbulencia con la técnica de análisis espectral total. Además de medir la intensidad de precipitación y el factor de reflectividad obtenido de las lluvias con la relación del diámetro de gotas y el factor de reflectividad. Los resultados de estas estimaciones, posteriormente son comparados con otros instrumentos para su validación y su posterior aplicación.
The Geophysical Institute of Peru (IGP) has developed a project called "Design and implementation of a radar profiler that operates in UHF for studies of turbulence and precipitation in the Peruvian territory", this project is the proposed solution to a limitation presented by the scientific community of Peru and other entities to conduct climate studies of winds and precipitation. Part of the development of this radar is the processing of received data. In this thesis an analysis of the design, frequency and type of the designed radar was done to then select the appropriate processing algorithms. The algorithms that were developed for the UHF radar processing allows the estimation of tropospheric winds and turbulence with the full spectral analysis technique. In addition to measuring the intensity of precipitation and the reflectivity factor obtained from rainfall related to the diameter of drops and the reflectivity factor. The results of these estimates are then compared with other instruments for validation and subsequent application.
Tesis

Transportations role in society is increasingly important and today it has a prominent role in business, citizens lives as well as in the world economy. The increasing globalization and urbanization puts significant pressure on the existing transport system, with increasing demand for high-speed travel. However, this comes with implications on the environment, and the environmental concerns constitutes one of the biggest pressures in transport. And as the contemporary modes are bound by their technologies, enabling marginal rather than radical improvements, a possible window of opportunity for new radical technologies to enter the market can emerge. One new technology emerging within transportation today is called hyperloop, a technology that could prove to meet demand for faster, cheaper, safer and more environmentally efficient transportation. However, the technology is still in an early stage of development and hence surrounded by major uncertainties. Further, the nature of the technology necessitates overcoming several obstacles before it can reach commercial practice. And this together with a limited knowledge of the concept in Sweden makes it difficult to predict if hyperloop can become a viable transport alternative on the Swedish market. Which condensed lays the foundation to the purpose of this paper: "To give an overarching understanding of the Swedish transport market dynamics, together with a comprehensive evaluation of the hyperloop concept. And hence contribute to more inclusive knowledge and understanding of hyperloop’s viability in the Swedish context." Since the phenomenon has not been comprehensively studied previously, the elected research design is that of an exploratory case study, with an inductive, qualitative approach. To address the purpose, a literary review of the theoretical field was conducted. Looking in to previous research on disruptive innovation, diffusion of innovations, technical transitions, transformational pressure as well as window of opportunity. The empirical material gathered during the research process was derived from two main channels. Firstly, an extensive review of scientific articles about the hyperloop technology was conducted, providing insights on the technology and its surroundings. This was complemented by qualitative interviews to obtain material on the dynamics of the Swedish transport market as well as for understanding hyperloop in the Swedish context. The empirical study was further accompanied by a review of news articles and websites to map the most recent progress in the hyperloop development. By analyzing the empirical material through three frameworks; Characteristics of Diffusion, the Multi-Level Perspective (MLP) and Technology Readiness Level (TRL), interesting findings and conclusions were drawn. These together points towards that hyperloop, if the technology reaches its predicted performance, will have significant relative advantages and observable effects in the relation to the contemporary modes of transportation. Further, a noticeable window of opportunity, sprung from capacity shortages and pressure towards environmental sustainability, seems to exist on the Swedish market. A window which could be capitalized upon and justify hyperloop in the Swedish context. The current state of the technology does however come with implications as it so far is insufficient to decrease uncertainty amongst the potential adopters. Factors that likely will prolong the adoption of the technology in Sweden relates to the relative complexity of the system, its limited compatibility with existing practices and the low maturity of the technology. Hence, the hyperloop companies must prove the concept feasible and increase the maturity to gain sufficient acceptance and recognition. This paper contributes to the academic community by assessing the compatibility of hyperloop on the Swedish market, as well as if hyperloop could become a viable alternative transport solution in Sweden. It provides insight to specific perspectives of the Swedish market, its requirements and the demand for alternative transport solutions. Hence, this paper is considered to make both an analytical contribution in terms of evaluating the viability of disruptive technologies. And an empirical contribution by shedding light on new important insights for the potential diffusion of hyperloop. Insights that are significant for hyperloop actors as well as for dominant actors on the Swedish transport market.
Transporters roll i samhället blir allt viktigare och de har idag en framträdande roll inom näringsliv, medborgares liv samt världsekonomin. Den ökande globaliseringen och urbaniseringen sätter dock ett betydande tryck på det existerande transportsystemet, med ökande efterfrågan för höghastighetsalternativ. Detta medför implikationer för miljön, och oron kring transporters miljöpåverkan är ett av de största bekymren för transportsektorn. Eftersom de existerande transportalternativen är bundna av sin teknik, vilket begränsar dem till inkrementella snarare än radikala förbättringar, kan en möjlighet för nya transportsätt att komma in på marknaden öppna sig. En kommande ny teknik som utvecklas inom transport idag kallas hyperloop, en teknik som kan visa sig möta efterfrågan för snabbare, billigare, säkrare och mer miljösmarta transporter. Tekniken är dock i ett tidigt utvecklingsskede och är därav omgärdad av stora osäkerheter. Vidare kräver teknikens natur att flertalet hinder kommer att behöva överkommas innan tekniken kan nå kommersiellt bruk. Detta tillsammans med den begränsade kunskap som finns kring konceptet i Sverige gör det svårt att förutspå om hyperloop kan bli ett möjligt transportalternativ på den svenska marknaden. Kondenserat ligger detta till grund för syftet med den här uppsatsen: "Att ge en övergripande förståelse av dynamiken på den svenska transportmarknaden, tillsammans med en djupgående utvärdering av hyperloop konceptet. Och därav bidra till en mer inkluderande kunskap och förståelse kring hyperloops möjligheter i den svenska kontexten." Eftersom detta fenomen inte tidigare har studerats i större utsträckning valdes en forskningsdesign i form av en undersökande fallstudie med ett induktivt, kvalitativt tillvägagångssätt. För att adressera syftet gjordes en litterär översyn av det teoretiska fältet. Med inblickar i tidigare forskning kring disruptiv teknik, diffusion av innovation, tekniska övergångar, transformationstryck samt möjlighetsfönster. Det empiriska materialet till studien samlades in genom två kanaler i huvudsak. Först, genom en djupdykning i tidigare forskning och vetenskapliga artiklar relaterade till hyperlooptekniken, för att generera insikter kring tekniken och dess omgivning. Detta kompletteras med kvalitativa intervjuer för att erhålla material om dynamiken på den svenska transportmarknaden samt för att ge en förståelse av hyperloop i den svenska kontexten. Den empiriska studien kompletterades ytterligare med en översyn av nyhetsartiklar och webbplatser för att kartlägga de senaste framstegen i hyperlooputvecklingen. Genom att analysera det empiriska materialet med hjälp av tre ramverk; Egenskaper för Spridning av Innovation, Perspektiv i Multipla Nivåer (MLP) och Teknisk Mogenhetsnivå (TRL), kunde flertalet intressanta upptäckter och slutsatser dras. Vilka tillsammans pekar mot att hyperloop, om tekniken lyckas uppnå den predikterade prestandan, kommer att ha betydande relativa fördelar och synliga effekter i förhållande till dagens transportsätt. Vidare kan ett märkbart möjlighetsfönster, sprunget ur kapacitetsbrist och tryck mot miljömässig hållbarhet, identifieras på den svenska marknaden. Detta fönster skulle kunna kapitaliseras på och motivera hyperloop i den svenska kontexten. Teknologins nuvarande tillstånd har emellertid konsekvenser, eftersom den hittills inte är tillräcklig för att minska osäkerheten hos potentiella adopterare. Faktorer som sannolikt kommer att förlänga processen att adoptera tekniken i Sverige härstammar från systemets relativa komplexitet, dess begränsade kompatibilitet med befintliga metoder samt teknikens låga mogenhet. Därav är det essentiellt för hyperloopbolagen att bevisa konceptet möjligt och öka mogenheten för att få tillräcklig acceptans och erkännande. Detta arbete bidrar till det akademiska samhället genom att bedöma kompatibiliteten mellan hyperloop och den svenska marknaden, samt om hyperloop kan bli ett genomförbart transportalternativ i Sverige. Arbetet bidrar med insikter i specifika perspektiv på den svenska marknaden, dess krav samt efterfrågan för alternativa transportlösningar. Därav kan denna uppsats anses utgöra både ett analytiskt bidrag genom dess utvärdering av genomförbarheten av disruptiv teknik. Samt ett empiriskt bidrag genom att belysa viktiga insikter för den potentiella spridningen av hyperloop. Insikter som är viktiga för såväl hyperloopaktörer som de dominanta aktörerna på den svenska transportmarknaden.

Consumers of digital contents are empowered with numerous technologies allowing them to produce perfect copies of these contents and distribute them around the world with little or no cost. To prevent illegal copying and distribution, a technology called Digital Rights Management (DRM) is developed. With this technology, consumers are allowed to access digital contents only if they have purchased the corresponding licenses from license issuers. The problem, however, is that those consumers are not allowed to resell their own licenses- a restriction that goes against the first-sale doctrine. Enabling a consumer to buy a digital license directly from another consumer and allowing the two consumers to fairly exchange the license for a payment are still an open issue in DRM research area. This thesis investigates existing security solutions for achieving digital license reselling and analyses their strengths and weaknesses. The thesis then proposes a novel Reselling Deal Signing (RDS) protocol to achieve fairness in a license reselling. The idea of the protocol is to integrate the features of the concurrent signature scheme with functionalities of a License Issuer (LI). The security properties of this protocol is informally analysed and then formally verified using ATL logic and the model checker MOCHA. To assess its performance, a prototype of the RDS protocol has been developed and a comparison with related protocols has been conducted. The thesis also introduces two novel digital tokens a Reselling Permission (RP) token and a Multiple Reselling Permission (MRP) token. The RP and MRP tokens are used to show whether a given license is single and multiple resalable, respectively. Moreover, the thesis proposes two novel methods supporting fair and secure digital license reselling. The first method is the Reselling Deal (RD) method which allows a license to be resold once. This method makes use of the existing distribution infrastructure, RP, License Revocation List (LRL), and three protocols: RDS protocol RD Activation (RDA) protocol, and RD Completion (RDC) protocol. The second method is a Multiple License Reselling (MLR) method enabling one license to be resold N times by N consumers. The thesis presents two variants of the MLR method: RRP-MR (Repeated RP-based Multi-Reselling) and HC-MR (Hash Chain-based Multi-Reselling). The RRP-MR method is designed such that a buyer can choose to either continue or stop a multi-reselling of a license. Like the RD method, the RRP-MR method makes use of RP, LI, LRL, and the RDS, RDA, and RDC protocols to achieve fair and secure reselling. The HC-MR method allows multiple resellings while keeping the overhead on LI at a minimum level and enable a buyer to check how many times a license can be further resold. To do so, the HC-MR utilises MRP and the hash chain cryptographic primitive along with LRL, LI and the RDS, RDA and RDC protocols. The analysis and the evaluation of these three methods have been conducted. While supporting the license reselling, the two methods are designed to prevent a reseller from (1) continuing using a resold license, (2) reselling a non-resalable license, and (3) reselling one license a unauthorised number of times. In addition, they enable content owners of resold contents to trace a buyer who has violated any of the usage rights of a license bought from a reseller. Moreover, the methods enable a buyer to verify whether a license he is about to buy is legitimate for re-sale. Furthermore, the two methods support market power where a reseller can maximise his profit and a buyer can minimise his cost in a reselling process. In comparison with related works, our solution does not make use of any trusted hardware device, thus it is more cost-effective, while satisfying the interests of both resellers and buyers, and protecting the content owner's rights.

Il concetto di rete dell'informazione può diventare uno schema logico con cui descrivere l'evoluzione delle politiche sulle energie rinnovabili e sulla sostenibilità? La ricerca è stata svolta analizzando l'architettura delle due reti (internet e reti energetiche) e l'evoluzione del bene prodotto e distribuito nella rete energetica, l'energia, esplicitando l'accessibilità da parte della distribuzione mondiale delle risorse petrolifere tradizionali e delle risorse rinnovabili. La struttura metodologica del progetto di ricerca si basa due tipi di analisi teorica: 1) l'analisi della nascita delle società in rete attraverso le teorie di Manuel Castells (concetto di spazio di flussi) e di Saskia Sassen e l'evoluzione delle città (cap.2 e cap.5) 2) le analisi dei flussi dei materiali e delle energie avendo come riferimento metodologico l'approccio ecologico ideato dai ricercatori dell'istituto per il Clima, l'Ambiente e l'Energia di Wuppertal, Germania (cap.3 e cap.4) La contraddizione tra città innovative e città che sono ai livelli di enormi discariche o di baraccopoli è esposta nel cap.6 attraverso casi studio e progetto dei Programmi Europei. Nell'ultimo capitolo (cap.7) si riassumono le ipotesi di partenza e i risultati della ricerca e si espongono le questioni aperte.
Can internet logic scheme be used as a basis to describe public policies evolution on renewable energies production and sharing in urban areas all over the world? The research project analyses the two networks (internet and energetic grids) architectures in actual and future urban areas. This analysis is connected with present and future forecasts energy productions from traditional fuels and from renewable sources. Theoretical analysis is conducted following a double conceptual pathway: - societal networks (Manuel Castells theory) and urban areas evolution (Saskia Sassen and Mike Davis) in order to picture the evolution of cities and towns in modern economies and in developing countries (Chapters 2 and 5); - Material and Energy Flow Analysis (approach by Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Environment and Energy) applied to renewable energy (Chapters 3 and 4) In Chapter 6 case studies are exposed on the deep cleavage between two different worlds: innovative, rich towns on a side and the landfills cities, slums on the other side. In the last part hypothesis and thesis are put together and open questions are explained (Chapter 7).

碩士
淡江大學
保險學系保險經營碩士班
95
Our life insurance industry is become more and more intense. Therefore, the business efficiency of the life insurance is important for living in the intense competition environments in Taiwan. So this article using “Window Analyzes” and “Panel Data DEA” to weigh our country nineteen life insurances companies. These insurance companies under the technical efficiency of fixed scale、cost efficiency and scale efficiency during from 1999 to 2005 years. The Both are according to” the number of sales forces” , “the number of staff members” and “fixed assets” as the input factor and according to” the price of sales forces” , “the price of staff members” and “the price of fixed assets” as the input price. The four items for output are “liability reserve”, “loan”, “premium income of individual life insurance” and “other premium income”. The article is used the LINGO software to manage the efficiency. Finally, It compares the result of difference by the two methods.

碩士
國立勤益技術學院
工業工程與管理系
94
The growth rate of subscribers of telephone services in Taiwan has gradually shown signs to halt over the past few years owing to the limited market size and continuing deregulation by the government. The consequence of this halt is the declining growth rate of productivity and the prevailing merger among the companies to increase profit margins. Currently, the three largest companies,Chunghwa Telecom (CHT), Taiwan Mobil (TWM), and Far Eastone Telecommunications (FET), have captured market share up to 80 percents altogether. Despite this majority of market share, how to maintain long-term competitiveness remains a focused issue for companies. Therefore, this research analyzes the trend of efficiency and productivity change from 2001 to 2005, and discovers important factors leading to the change.To analyze efficiency and productivity, this research uses Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Because the data ranges from 2001 to 2005, the first part of the research uses DEA window analysis that is appropriate to observe dynamic efficiency change over the periods and to compare how one decision making unit (DMU) performs in different periods. Since there are only three companies, using window analysis can increase the number of DMUs and thus increases the discriminating power of DEA. The second part of theresearch incorporates window analysis into Malmquist productivity index to measure the technical efficiency change and shift in technology frontier over the periods. Finally, the research uses Kruskal-Wallis rank order test to verify whether the change trend coincides with the result from DEA Malmquist. According to the computational results regarding to technical efficiency, TWM performs best, followed by FET. Considering the technical efficiency can be decomposed into pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency, the results suggest that all three companies achieve good pure technical efficiency, while the CHT performs relatively poor in scale efficiency. In view of productivity change, TWM is the best, and CHT is the worst. In terms of technical efficiency change, all three companies show the trend of slightly decreasing. In terms of technological change,the results indicate the progress of technology. Using the non-parametric rank tests verifies that the productivity change not only is significantly different, but shows the trend of increasing or decreasing.

碩士
逢甲大學
經濟學所
100
This study has two main purposes. (1) To analysis operational efficiency of the United States, Japan, and France Disneyland by Window-DEA and SFA model. (2) To estimate the external environmental factors impact on the operational efficiency of Disneyland by Tobit regression. The source of data and part references is from Disneyland published financial statements of the three countries. The period of data is from 2003 to 2011 June. The number of sample is 51. Empirical evidence showed. (1) Disneyland is an efficient national corporations .In the Window-DEA model, the average efficiency is 0.954（Median 0.994). In the SFA model, the average efficiency is 0.951（Median 0.967). The two models’ results are similar. In the rank of average efficiency level, the most efficient one is the United States, and the worst efficient one is France. Japan’s efficiency is between them. (2) The results of Hypothesis test indicated that the mean and median of the technical efficiency level from Window-DEA and SFA models are significantly less than 1. In the cross-countries efficiency difference test, the level of technical efficiency has significant differences among the United States, Japan and France in Window-DEA model; In SFA model, the level of technical efficiency doesn’t show significantly different between Japan (TE_SFA^J) and France (TE_SFA^F). In the efficiency of the difference test, TE_W is significantly greater than TE_SFA, but there doesn’t exist significant difference in the average test. After the financial crisis, the level of technical efficiency in the Window-DEA model is no significant differences. In the SFA model, the level of technical efficiency is significant reduction. (3) The empirical results of Tobit regression showed that Disneyland operational efficiency is significantly affected by the external environmental factors. When the exchange rate reduced by 1% that can significantly increase TE_W about 0.095, but it doesn’t have effect on TE_SFA. The per capita income increases by 1% that can significantly increase the TE_W about 0.316 and TE_SFA about 0.19. After the financial crisis, the TE_W significantly decreased by 0.012, and the TE_SFA significantly decreased by 0.045. In external environmental factors, the per capita income has the greatest impact on Disney''s operational efficiency.

碩士
國立臺灣海洋大學
航運管理學系
107
In accordance with the national policy, the Customs Administration, Ministry of Finance and its affiliated Customs offices reorganized on 1st January, 2013. The purpose of government reorganization was to enhance the effectiveness and efficiency. The main goal of this paper is to understand the impact of reorganization and to analyze the performance of Taiwan Custom namely A, B, C, and D. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is an effective approach to rank decision-making units (DMUs) that utilize multiple inputs to produce multiple outputs. This paper utilized DEA window analysis and Malmquist productivity index to measure the relative efficiencies and productivity changes of Taiwan Customs during the period of 2008–2017. This study used two inputs including the number of Customs officers and annual budgets. The model also included import and export declarations, Customs revenue, the number and value of seizure cases for outputs. First, the study used the DEA window analysis to measure the efficiency. The empirical results showed that Customs A has performed with more efficiency than the others. Moreover, the results of DEA-based MPI approach indicated that the productivity of Customs’ operational performance experienced a continuous improvement from 2014 to2017 except for a decline from 2013 to 2014. The findings revealed that Customs can simplify the process of collecting taxes and strengthen the ability to fight against illegal activities.

碩士
國立臺北大學
經濟學系
95
This paper is intended as an investigation of the technical efficiency of firms in cement industry in Taiwan that experienced withering domestic demand market and worsening production environment between 1996 and 2005. The first stage we use window DEA（Data Envelopment Analysis） analysis to investigate the annual technical efficiency of individual firm in cement industry. The second stage we use the Tobit regression model to explore the factors that affect the performance of efficiency in cement industry between 1996 and 2005. The following results were obtained in terms of three efficiencies: DEA in the first stage turns out that both technical inefficiency and scale inenfficiency of cement industry are more serious, but pure efficiency performance is relatively better. While most firms in our study have decreasing trends in the whole performance of efficiencies, TCC（Taiwan Cement Corporation）and ACC（Asia Cement Corporation） have stable and improving performances. Tobit model in the second stage shows that only market power has positively significant impact on the technical efficiency. Total assets scale has negatively significant impact on the pure efficiency and positively significant impact on the scale efficiency. Time is also a positive factor of the pure efficiency and negative factor of the scale efficiency. Capacity utilization has positively significant impact on all the three efficiencies.

碩士
國立宜蘭大學
應用經濟與管理學系應用經濟學碩士班
103
The cable television is already a mature of industry. In this research, we using the Data Envelopment Analysis to survey 56 cable television firms in Taiwan between 2008 to 2013 by Banker-Charnes-Cooper model and Window Analysis model. Next step is investigating the efficiency variance which included pricing or not, to undetstand effect of pricing and efficiency value from their operating. At first, we using tradional DEA model to analysis, because the basic assumption of BCC model is every decision making unit are homogeneous.so we distinguishing them for 6 sections by different group systems they belongs. Second, we using windows analysis to investigate efficiency value of intertemporal in vertical section and cross section. According to the result, all of their efficiency values are upgraded after removing the price effect, the D Systems Group is best section both in DEA and Windows analysis model, and the worst section is the F Systems Group. So we can consider the group system no matter vertical mode or cross mode with great efficiency is not necessarily.Third, after removing the pricing effect, the efficiency of higher pricing firms will be decreased more, and the efficiency of lower pricing firms will be increased. It is means price level will influencing firm’s efficiency.Last, reviewing Taiwan industry of cable television average efficiency value, we found most of them is pretty well. The major suggestion of government policy is have to examine pricing carefully. The proposal for firm is focus on Basic channel revenue to do move forward gradually transformation rather than emphasize on group systems. Keyword

碩士
國立高雄應用科技大學
工業工程與管理系
106
The machine tool industry is one of the industries that Taiwan has developed and promoted outside the electronics industry in recent years. It has always been regarded as the mother of machinery. On the one hand, it is an important part of the machinery industry. On the other hand, with the prosperity of our country’s science and technology, the machine tool Also plays an important role. However, in recent years, facing the changes in the international market and the global economic recession, Taiwan’s machine tool industry is not as competitive as it was in the past. In particular, the policies and prosperity of Asian countries have caused Taiwan to retreat in the international market. In the face of China's low cost, the devaluation of the Japanese currency, South Korea's signing of the advantages of the FTA, and so on, it is one of the reasons why the Taiwan’s machine tool industry has become less competitive in the international market. This paper uses the period of 102 to 105 years as research data to assess the operating efficiency and productivity of 19 domestic machine tool listed companies, and to understand the difference between their own and the research object's operating efficiency, and hopes to improve overall business performance through this research. The Pearson correlation coefficient is used to find out the positive correlation factors that have a great influence on the operating efficiency of the machine tool industry, so that each research object can strengthen the investment in these projects and improve the efficiency. Using windowed data envelopment analysis model and Maxwell's productivity index to analyze the dynamic efficiency of cross-periods with cross-sectional data, synthesize the results of the two DEA models, and give different suggestions for the analysis of domestic machine tool companies to improve their business performance. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to find the positive correlation factors. The input items were operating costs, operating expenses, total assets, fixed assets and cash, and commissions. The output items were operating income, operating margin, net profit for the current period and Stock surplus. The selected input and output items will be brought into the Maxwell and Window models of data envelopment analysis, and the use of Maxwell to discuss three major items, namely, technical efficiency, technological change, total factor productivity, and discussion of each company in each Changes in operating performance and operating efficiency during the period, using the window model analysis, using a window every 2 years, compare the data of the same assessed units at different periods, including 102~103 years, 103~104 years, 104~ 105 years, three windows, and the overall operational efficiency analysis, technical efficiency analysis, company-specific technical efficiency analysis, annual technical efficiency analysis. According to the results of this study, the first one is the Pearson correlation coefficient. It can be seen that the positive correlation between the input and output items of the first four items is high, and companies can be advised to strengthen the input of these items and then improve their own business performance. The follow-up data envelopment analysis method, although the machine tool market decline in recent years, it can be concluded that there are outstanding companies, such as Ende, Fuqiangxin, and Drilling. In the DMU studied, the synergy ranking is the top 3, but some Values that are not efficiency 1 are the best. This is a result compared to other DMUs, and there is room for improvement. For less desirable companies, reference can be made to the company’s operating methods, and to solve its own business problems. Whether there is insufficient investment or uneven distribution of resources can be improved through corporate research results. The annual results can be concluded that international changes have a great impact on the machine tool industry. It is recommended that companies pay more attention to the changes in the international market and make earlier decisions on relative responses and responses.

碩士
東海大學
高階經營管理碩士在職專班
102
The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficiency and Productivity of five selected public load container transport companies.The period of this study is chosen from year 2003 to year 2012 with ten consecutive years. In order to solve the problem with few sample sizes every year, Window DEA application will be conducted to derive Technical Efficiency of these load transport companies. Meantime, the Malmquist Productivity Index is applied to evaluate the Technical Efficiency Change and Technique Change among these load transport companies. Finally, conforming the results of Window and Malmquist do coefficient of variation analysis. The empirical results of this study are concluded as following： 1、For the comparison of performance in Window Technical Efficiency among five container transport companies, Sea Land is the best, Chinese transport is the second, Taiwan allied is the third, and China container is the least. 2、For the evaluation of result in Malmquist Productivity Index among five container transport companies, Taiwan Allied is the best, Chinese transport is the second, Evergreen is the third, and Sea Land is the least. The result of main factor is the obvious difference of Technical Efficiency Change. 3、Coefficient of variation For the conforming the results in Window and Malmquist among five container transport companies, China container is the best, and Sea Land is the second, Chinese transport is the third, and Evergreen is the least. 4、Taiwan container transport industry had bed influence from banking crisis.

碩士
淡江大學
保險學系保險經營碩士在職專班
95
In the past twenty years, the market of non-life insurance company is gradually aggressive and global due to the insurance deregulations at the different stages. It results in a high growth rate of premium income till 2000. However, the growth rate of premium income is getting low, even a recession of 3.64% in 2006. In fact, the performance of non-life insurance company relies on it’s market strategy. The purpose of this research is to find out the well-performed non-life insurance companies together with their merits, which can be a good example to other companies. This research adopts the Data Envelopment Analysis(DEA) and Malmquist Approaches to evaluate the performance efficiency of thirteen local non-life insurance companies in Taiwan based on the relative efficiency and scale efficiency during the period from 1986 to 2005. From the aspect of marketing stage, Fubon Insurance Co.,Ltd., Chung Kuo Insurance Co.,Ltd. and Taiwan Fire & Marine Insurance Co., Ltd. have better performances and The Taiping Insurance Co., Ltd., Kuo-hua Insurance Co., Ltd. show worse and unstable performance amongst these thirteen companies. From the aspect of the profitability stage, The Taiping Insurance Co., Ltd., Kuo-hua Insurance Co., Ltd. and Central Insurance Co., Ltd. have worse results amongst them.

碩士
國立宜蘭大學
應用經濟與管理學系應用經濟學碩士班
101
This study evaluates non-holding banks and financial holding company banks efficiency in Taiwan using DEA. This study mainly applies three-stage DEA-Window analysis model to research on banking performance. The data used in this study consists of information from 24 banks for the eight-year period from 2004 to 2011 in Taiwan. All sample banks, of which 10 for the general banking, 14 for the financial holding banks.In this study, dismantling of banking operations for marketing stage, operational stage and gain stage. Each stage has two input variables and two output variables. Therefore, we use the Window analysis method to measure the three-stage approach for non-holding banks and financial holding Taiwanese banks' operating efficiency, to answer the above questions. Study time for the 2008 financial crisis around the demarcation point in four years. Results of this study show that, overall, operational efficiency stage is the key point of the financial tsunami and the results show better able to withstand general banking financial tsunami.

碩士
國立臺北科技大學
管理國際學生碩士專班 (IMBA)
99
This study evaluates bank efficiency in Korea using DEA, Window Analysis, and the Malmquist Productivity Index Approach in the period of before and after the 2008 global financial crisis. The data used in this study consists of information from 17 banks for the six- year period from 2005 to 2010 in Korea. There are two inputs and two outputs: two outputs are interest income (IC) and non-interest income (NIC), and two inputs include interest expenses (IE) and non-interest expenses (NIE). Our results are as follow. Based on statistical analysis, the Korean banking industry had been affected by the external environment, that is, the U.S. subprime crisis. Before and after the U.S. subprime crisis, the Korean banking industry’s efficiency had slightly decreased. However, 2 years later, the number of banks at the efficiency frontier began to increase. During the crisis, Korean banks made efforts to reorganize their profit-generating structures, therefore the proportion of non-interest revenue, such as derivatives, has increased. Also, the amount of non-interest expense has increased substantially beyond those input numbers before the financial crisis. Finally, foreign-owned banks performed better than domestic banks during the financial crisis. In the Malmquist index analysis their efficiency changes were conspicuous.

Στην παρούσα εργασία με τη χρήση της Περιβάλλουσας Ανάλυσης Δεδομένων (Data Envelopment Analysis, DEA) υπολογίζεται η αποτελεσματικότητα των πολιτικών υγείας διαχρονικά, για κάθε έτος της τριετία 2008-2010 με τη χρήση της Window Analysis, στις χώρες που είναι ενταγμένες στον Οργανισμό Οικονομικής Συνεργασίας και Ανάπτυξης (ΟΟΣΑ). Επίσης, δημιουργούνται πρότυπα για το πώς μπορούν να βελτιωθούν οι μη αποτελεσματικές χώρες.
Στην παρούσα εργασία με τη χρήση της Περιβάλλουσας Ανάλυσης Δεδομένων (Data Envelopment Analysis, DEA) υπολογίζεται η αποτελεσματικότητα των πολιτικών υγείας διαχρονικά, για κάθε έτος της τριετία 2008-2010 με τη χρήση της Window Analysis, στις χώρες που είναι ενταγμένες στον Οργανισμό Οικονομικής Συνεργασίας και Ανάπτυξης (ΟΟΣΑ). Επίσης, δημιουργούνται πρότυπα για το πώς μπορούν να βελτιωθούν οι μη αποτελεσματικές χώρες.

Dissertação de Mestrado em Energia para a Sustentabilidade apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia
O aumento do consumo de energia e os consequentes impactos ambientais mostram um desafio entre a necessidade de satisfação da crescente demanda aliada com as metas de desenvolvimento sustentável. Por conseguinte, a procura de soluções alternativas para suprir as necessidades energéticas das nossas sociedades através de fontes de energia renováveis intensificou-se. Neste contexto, a energia eólica provou ser uma fonte essencial no cenário da energia limpa. Além disso, existem vários incentivos e estão a ser desenvolvidos esforços para lidar mais eficazmente com a intermitência da produção de energia renovável. Assim, a presente pesquisa visa avaliar a eficiência dos parques eólicos no nordeste do Brasil através da ferramenta Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) aplicando o método Weighted Russell Directional Distance Model. Este método permite a avaliação de vários factores que influenciam a geração eólica. Assim, estabelece benchmarks entre Unidades de Tomada de Decisão (DMUs), propõe projecções correctivas, contribui para avaliação de desempenho e consequentemente melhor competitividade dos sistemas eólicos. No geral, as DMUs apresentaram um factor de capacidade média (40%) acima da média mundial (34%) e são centrais eólicas dos tipos II-C e III. Os melhores desempenhos são obtidos em DMUs localizadas principalmente no Rio Grande do Norte (RN), Bahia (BA) e Ceará (CE), ou seja, em regiões dentro do melhor potencial eólico do Brasil. A análise também mostrou que os parques eólicos eficientes têm um número ligeiramente superior de turbinas, idade de operação e capacidade instalada do que as DMUs ineficientes.
The increase in energy consumption and the consequent environmental impacts challenge meeting its growing demand and sustainability. Therefore, the search for alternative solutions for renewable energy sources has intensified. In this context, wind energy has proven to be an essential source in the clean energy scenario. In addition, there are several incentives to counteract the intermittency of renewable generation. Therefore, the present research assesses wind farms' efficiency in northeast Brazil by Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) through the Weighted Russell Directional Distance Model (WRDDM). This non-parametric method allows the assessment of various factors influencing wind generation, sets benchmarks between Decision-Making Units (DMUs), proposes corrective projections, thus contributing to performance assessment and consequently better competitiveness of wind power systems. Overall, the DMUs presented an average capacity factor (40%) above the world average (34%) and are wind power plants of types II-C and III. The best performances are obtained in DMUs mainly located in the Rio Grande do Norte (RN), Bahia (BA) and Ceará (CE), i.e., in regions within Brazil's best wind power potential. Also, the analysis showed that efficient wind farms have a slightly higher number of turbines, age of operation and installed power capacity than inefficient DMUs.Therefore the present work contributing to endogenous evaluation and promoting corrections for improvements, also consequently drives greater penetration and competitiveness compared to other technologies.

Die Windenergie an Land (Onshore-Windenergie) ist neben der Photovoltaik eine der tragenden Säulen der Energiewende in Deutschland. Wie schon in der Vergangenheit wird auch zukünftig der Ausbau der Onshore-Windenergie, mit dem Ziel eine umweltgerechte und sichere Energieversorgung für zukünftige Generationen aufzubauen, durch die Politik massiv vorangetrieben. Für eine planvolle Umsetzung der Energiewende, insbesondere im Bereich der Windenergie, müssen Kenntnisse über den zur Verfügung stehenden Raum und der Wirkungsweise standortspezifischer Faktoren auf planungsrechtlicher Ebene vorhanden sein. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde die Region Deutschland auf das für dieWindenergie an Land nutzbare Flächenpotenzial analysiert, von diesem allgemein gültige Energiepotenziale abgeleitet und in einer Sensitivitätsanalyse die Einflüsse verschiedener Abstände zwischen den Windenergieanlagen und Siedlungsstrukturen auf das ermittelte Energiepotenzial untersucht. Des Weiteren wurden für die beobachteten Zusammenhänge zwischen den Distanz- und Energiepotenzialänderungen mathematische Formeln erstellt, mit deren Hilfe eine Energiepotenzialänderung in Abhängigkeit von spezifischen Siedlungsdistanzänderungen vorhersagbar sind. Die Analyse des Untersuchungsgebiets (USG) hinsichtlich des zur Verfügung stehenden Flächenpotenzials wurde anhand eines theoretischen Modells, welches die reale Landschaft mit ihren unterschiedlichen Landschaftstypen und Infrastrukturen widerspiegelt, umgesetzt. Auf Basis dieses Modells wurden so genannte „Basisflächen“ sowie für die Onshore-Windenergie nicht nutzbare Flächen (Tabu- oder Ausschlussflächen) identifiziert und mittels einer GIS-Software (Geographisches Informationssystem) verschnitten. Die Identifizierung der Ausschlussflächen erfolgte über regionalisierte beziehungsweise im gesamten USG geltende multifaktorielle Bestimmungen für die Platzierung von Windenergieanlagen (WEA). Zur Gewährleistung einer einheitlichen Konsistenz wurden die verschiedenen Regelungen, welche aus den unterschiedlichsten Quellen stammen, vereinheitlicht, vereinfacht und in einem so genannten „Regelkatalog“ festgeschrieben. Die Berechnung des im USG maximal möglichen Energiepotenzials erfolgte durch eine Referenzanlage, welche im USG räumlich verteilt platziert wurde. Die Energiepotenziale (Leistungs- und Ertragspotenzial) leiten sich dabei aus der Kombination der räumlichen Lage der WEA, den technischen Leistungsspezifikationen der Referenzanlage und dem regionalem Windangebot ab. Eine wesentliche Grundvoraussetzung für die Berechnung der Energiepotenziale lag in der im Vorfeld durchzuführenden Windenergieanlagenallokation auf den Potenzialflächen begründet. Zu diesem Zweck wurde die integrierte Systemlösung „MAXPLACE“ entwickelt. Mit dieser ist es möglich, WEA unter Berücksichtigung von anlagenspezifischen, wirtschaftlichen und sicherheitstechnischen Aspekten in einzelnen oder zusammenhängenden Untersuchungsregionen zu platzieren. Im Gegensatz zu bereits bestehenden Systemlösungen (Allokationsalgorithmen) aus anderen Windenergie-Potenzialanalysen zeichnet sich die integrierte Systemlösung „MAXPLACE“ durch eine sehr gute Effizienz, ein breites Anwendungsspektrum sowie eine einfache Handhabung aus. Der Mindestabstand zwischen den WEA und den Siedlungsstrukturen stellt den größten Restriktionsfaktor für das ermittelte Energiepotenzial dar. Zur Bestimmung der Einflussnahme von Siedlungsdistanzänderungen auf das Energiepotenzial wurde mit Hilfe des erstellten Landschaftsmodells eine Sensitivitätsanalyse durchgeführt. In dieser wurden die vorherrschenden Landschafts- und Infrastrukturen analysiert und daraus standortbeschreibende Parameter abgeleitet. Neben der konkreten Benennung der Energiepotenzialänderungen, wurden für das gesamte USG mathematische Abstraktionen der beobachteten Zusammenhänge in Form von Regressionsformeln ermittelt. Diese Formeln ermöglichen es, ohne die in dieser Arbeit beschriebene aufwendige Methodik nachzuvollziehen, mit nur wenigen Parametern die Auswirkungen einer Siedlungsdistanzänderung auf das Energiepotenzial innerhalb des Untersuchungsgebiets zu berechnen.