Journal articles: 'Wind ventilation'

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Kim, Yeong Sik, Hanshik Chung, Hyomin Jeong, Sung-Ki Song, Chungseob Yi, and Soon-Ho Choi. "Experimental Study on a Fixed Type Natural Ventilator." International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration 24, no. 03 (September 2016): 1650016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010132516500164.

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Ventilation is the intentional air supply to a closed space from the outside, which is essential for the sake of a comfortable environment and the health of human beings. In recent, with the wide spread of renewable energy, much attention has been paid to the natural ventilation. The natural ventilator is classified into a fixed type, a venturi type and a wind turbine type. In this study, the ventilation rates of the fixed type ventilator were experimentally investigated by changing the wind velocity. Additionally, the condition of a backflow was also examined. According to the experimental results, the ventilated air flow strongly depended on the outside wind velocity and also on the intake opening area. In the reverse flow test, it was confirmed that the reverse flow into the ventilator occurred if the wind velocity was under a certain threshold value. Furthermore, the reverse flow phenomenon was more severe when an obstacle is located in the downstream of a ventilator.

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Yoon, Nari, Mary Ann Piette, Jung Min Han, Wentao Wu, and Ali Malkawi. "Optimization of Window Positions for Wind-Driven Natural Ventilation Performance." Energies 13, no. 10 (May 14, 2020): 2464. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13102464.

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This paper optimizes opening positions on building facades to maximize the natural ventilation’s potential for ventilation and cooling purposes. The paper demonstrates how to apply computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation results to architectural design processes, and how the CFD-driven decisions impact ventilation and cooling: (1) background: A CFD helps predict the natural ventilation’s potential, the integration of CFD results into design decision-making has not been actively practiced; (2) methods: Pressure data on building facades were obtained from CFD simulations and mapped into the 3D modeling environment, which were then used to identify optimal positions of two openings of a zone. The effect of the selected opening positions was validated with building energy simulations; (3) results: The cross-comparison study of different window positions based on different geographical locations quantified the impact on natural ventilation effectiveness; and (4) conclusions: The optimized window position was shown to be effective, and some optimal solutions contradicted the typical cross-ventilation strategy.

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Wang, Enmao, Xiaoping Li, Qiming Huang, and Gang Wang. "Research on the Influence of Natural Wind Pressure in Deep Mines on Ventilation Stability." Advances in Civil Engineering 2022 (February 27, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8789955.

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Deep mines are greatly affected by changes in natural wind pressure because of their large buried depths and long ventilation paths. Changes in natural wind pressure do affect the air flow of the underground ventilation system, and even change the direction of individual branches. If the dynamic changes of natural wind pressure are not monitored constantly, it is very likely to cause disasters such as gas overrun and may even lead to heavy casualties. In this paper, the changes of natural wind pressure and the air volume entering the mine are measured on-site in the 630 mining area in the south wing of Tangkou Coal Mine, Then, compare the change law of natural wind pressure with the change law of ventilation air volume. Finally, through numerical simulation by FLUENT, the change of internal flow in the gob where there is a loosely closed condition is simulated. Through research, the annual natural wind pressure change and the change of air intake in the 630 mining area of the south wing of Tangkou Coal Mine were obtained; The influence of changes in external conditions on the ventilation air volume of deep mines is obtained; The importance of the influence of natural wind pressure on the stability of the deep mine ventilation system is verified.

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Karava, Panagiota, Ted Stathopoulos, and Andreas K. Athienitis. "Wind-induced natural ventilation analysis." Solar Energy 81, no. 1 (January 2007): 20–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2006.06.013.

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Ai, Z. T., C. M. Mak, J. L. Niu, Z. R. Li, and Q. Zhou. "The Effect of Balconies on Ventilation Performance of Low-rise Buildings." Indoor and Built Environment 20, no. 6 (May 24, 2011): 649–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1420326x11409457.

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Chand et al. conducted experiments in a low speed wind tunnel to study the effect of balconies on the ventilative force on low-rise buildings without openings. Using their model, this study intends to investigate indoor ventilation performance by examining mass flow rate and average velocity on the working plane using computational fluid dynamics. Simulations were validated against their experiments. The numerical results indicate that, for single-sided ventilation, the provision of balconies increases mass flow rate and reduces average velocity on the working plane in most rooms, but for cross ventilation, this provision has no significant effect under normally or obliquely incident wind conditions. After the addition of balconies, the worst ventilation circumstances on the windward side under single-sided ventilation conditions were found on the intermediate floor. The simulation results also showed that, in many cases, wind flows into and out of the rooms through the left or right side of the opening rather than through the bottom and top of the opening, especially in the case of buildings that are obliquely oriented to the air stream. This phenomenon demonstrates that predictions of single-sided ventilative force using data relating to the bottom and top parts of the opening are not accurate enough.

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Huo, Fei Yang, Jia Hui Sun, Wei Li Li, and Yi Huang Zhang. "Influence of Large Turbo-Generator Stator Ventilation Ducts Structural Changes on Stator Temperature." Advanced Materials Research 462 (February 2012): 318–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.462.318.

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For the complex status of fluid flow in stator radial ventilation ducts of large turbo-generator, the temperature distribution of stator is dramatically affected by the flow status of cooling medium in stator ventilating ducts. In this paper, a new ventilating ducts structure in stator is investigated. According to fixing a wind deflector on the stator teeth adjacent to the ventilation ducts, the fluid flow status of cooling air is changed flowing in stator ventilation ducts. For this reason, the effect of heat transfer in stator is changed. Taking an air-cooled turbo-generator as an example, considering the characteristics of fluid flow and heat transfer in turbo-generator ventilation system, the three-dimensional fluid flow and heat transfer coupling model is established. Using finite volume method, three-dimensional fluid field and temperature field control equations are coupling solved. Based on this, the velocity distribution in ventilating ducts is obtained. Besides that, the velocity distribution is studied with the cooling air flows into radial ventilation ducts at different incident angles. The influences of wind deflector and incident angles on the fluid velocity and temperature distribution are analyzed. Based on that, some useful conclusions are obtained.

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Streckienė, Giedrė, Juozas Bielskus, Dovydas Rimdžius, Vytautas Martinaitis, and Violeta Motuzienė. "Experimental Analysis of an Air Storage Tank in Wind Driven Ventilation System." E3S Web of Conferences 231 (2021): 02003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123102003.

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With the growing demand for energy efficient HVAC systems and integration of renewable energy sources, existing energy transformers are being improved and new solutions are being sought. Various energy storage technologies are applied to solve unpredictable renewable energy flows. This paper investigates an innovative ventilation system with roof turbine ventilator and variable volume isobaric air tank, which is used to store an excessive wind energy. The study focuses mainly on isobaric air storage tank operation. The experimental results of the tank charging and discharging processes under different operation conditions are presented. These conditions include different weights placed on the top of the storage and air flow rates in the wind tunnel. The operation of the tank during one windy day in chosen location is studied. The obtained data showed the initial results of the operation of the developed ventilation system and possible modifications in order to improve its functionality.

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Kukuljan, Lovel, Franci Gabrovsek, and Matthew Covington. "The relative importance of wind-driven and chimney effect cave ventilation: Observations in Postojna Cave (Slovenia)." International Journal of Speleology 50, no. 3 (September 2021): 275–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5038/1827-806x.50.3.2392.

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Density-driven chimney effect airflow is the most common form of cave ventilation, allowing gas exchange between the outside and the karst subsurface. However, cave ventilation can also be driven by other mechanisms, such as barometric changes or pressure differences induced by the outside winds. We discuss the mechanism and dynamics of wind-driven ventilation using observations in Postojna Cave, Slovenia. We show how seasonal airflow patterns driven by the chimney effect are substantially modified by outside winds. Wind flow over irregular topography forms near-surface air pressure variations and thus pressure differences between cave entrances at different locations. These pressure differences depend on wind speed and direction and their relationship to surface topography and the location of cave entrances. Winds can act in the same or opposite direction as the chimney effect and can either enhance, diminish or even reverse the direction of the density-driven airflows. To examine the possibility of wind-driven flow, we used a computational fluid dynamics model to calculate the wind pressure field over Postojna Cave and the pressure differences between selected points for different configurations of wind speed and direction. We compared these values with those obtained from airflow measurements in the cave and from simple theoretical considerations. Despite the simplicity of the approach and the complexity of the cave system, the comparisons showed satisfactory agreement. This allowed a more general assessment of the relative importance of wind pressure for subsurface ventilation. We are certain that this example is not unique and that the wind-driven effect needs to be considered elsewhere to provide better insights into the dynamics of cave climate, air composition or dripwater geochemistry.

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Li, Mao, Yukai Qiang, Xiaofei Wang, Weidong Shi, Yang Zhou, and Liang Yi. "Effect of Wind Speed on the Natural Ventilation and Smoke Exhaust Performance of an Optimized Unpowered Ventilator." Fire 5, no. 1 (January 28, 2022): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fire5010018.

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Natural ventilators can maintain the ventilation of buildings and tunnels, and can exhaust fire smoke without requiring energy. In this study, we optimized a natural ventilator by adding axial fan blades (equivalent to adding a fan system) to investigate the effect of wind speed on the ventilation and smoke exhaust performance of an optimized natural ventilator. The experimental results showed that the best configuration of the ventilator was five fan blades at an angle of 25° with set-forward curved fan blades. With this configuration, the ventilation volume of the optimized natural ventilator was increased by 11.1%, and the energy consumption was reduced by 2.952 J. The third experiment showed that, in the case of a fire, the optimized ventilator can reduce the temperature of the ventilator faster than the original ventilator, indicating better smoke exhaust performance. The reason for this effect is that, when the optimized natural ventilator rotates, the rotation of the blades creates a flow field with a more evenly distributed wind speed. The experiments proved that natural ventilators can be optimized by adding a fan system. The results of this study can be applied to effectively improve the ventilation performance of natural ventilators to quickly exhaust smoke in building and tunnel fires, and provide a reference for related research on natural ventilators.

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Idowu, Olusegun Moses, Umar Gidado Marafa, Sani Ajuji Mohammed, and Moses Iorakaa Ayoosu. "VARIATION OF NATURAL VENTILATION WITH FLOOR LEVEL AND ORIENTATION OF CLASSROOMS." International Journal of Education, Psychology and Counseling 7, no. 45 (March 15, 2022): 166–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.35631/ijepc.745013.

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In recent times, the multi-story school building has emerged as a new trend in Nigeria due to land cost in the urban area and population increase due to urban migration resulting from insecurity in rural areas. Among other factors, the floor level and space orientation are believed to affect its natural ventilation. Electricity per capita consumption in Nigeria is very low, suggesting passive ventilation in the building. The ventilation in the classroom is usually through wind-driven systems (windows). The study sought to establish the variation of natural ventilation among classrooms on different floor levels and orientations. In the ex-post facto design, instruments were employed to observe wind speeds and directions in and around selected classrooms in a school building block with two wings on three-floor levels, a perimeter fence, and a built-up residential area. The classrooms on the ground floor were half-opened casement windows, while those on the upper floors had sliding windows. Data generated were subjected to descriptive statistical analysis. In the longer wing classrooms, the mean wind speed and standard deviation obtained were 0.17m/s and 0.123 on the ground floor; 0.15m/s and 0.104 on the first floor; and 0.18m/s 0.126 on the second floor. Corresponding results in the shorter wing classrooms were 0.12m/s and 0,077 on the ground floor; 0.11m/s and 0.095 on the first floor; and 0.17m/s and 0.126 on the second floor. Ventilation coefficients were 0.13, 0.11, and 0.13 respectively on the ground, first, and second floors in the longer wing classrooms, while those in the shorter wing classrooms were 0.13, 0.12, and 0.19 respectively. The findings revealed some direct variation in natural ventilation with the floor level in the studied classrooms, which was more manifested as the floor level increased upwards. In conclusion, the floor level and orientation affect wind-driven ventilation. There is also a need for further field studies on more suitable cases (higher floor levels) to ascertain the level of significance of this variation and the optimisation window area based on floor levels for orientation for wind-driven natural ventilation.

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Haxaire, R., T. Boulard, and M. Mermier. "GREENHOUSE NATURAL VENTILATION BY WIND FORCES." Acta Horticulturae, no. 534 (August 2000): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2000.534.2.

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Zhao, Ziqi, Lidu Shen, Liguang Li, Hongbo Wang, and Bao-Jie He. "Local Climate Zone Classification Scheme Can Also Indicate Local-Scale Urban Ventilation Performance: An Evidence-Based Study." Atmosphere 11, no. 8 (July 23, 2020): 776. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11080776.

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Studies on urban ventilation indicate that urban ventilation performance is highly dependent on urban morphology. Some studies have linked local-scale urban ventilation performance with the local climate zone (LCZ) that is proposed for surface temperature studies. However, there is a lack of evidence-based studies showing LCZ ventilation performance and affirming the reliability of using the LCZ classification scheme to demonstrate local-scale urban ventilation performance. Therefore, this study aims to analyse LCZ ventilation performances in order to understand the suitability of using the LCZ classification scheme to indicate local-scale urban ventilation performance. This study was conducted in Shenyang, China, with wind information at 16 weather stations in 2018. The results indicate that the Shenyang weather station had an annual mean wind speed of 2.07 m/s, while the mean wind speed of the overall 16 stations was much lower, only 1.44 m/s in value. The mean wind speed at Shenyang weather station and the 16 stations varied with seasons, day and night and precipitation conditions. The spring diurnal mean wind was strong with the speeds of 3.56 m/s and 2.21 m/s at Shenyang weather station and the 16 stations, respectively. The wind speed (2.21 m/s at Shenyang weather station) under precipitation conditions was higher than that (1.75 m/s at Shenyang weather station) under no precipitation conditions. Downtown ventilation performance was weaker than the approaching wind background, where the relative mean wind speed in the downtown area was only 0.53, much less than 1.0. The downtown ventilation performance also varied with seasons, day and night and precipitation conditions, where spring diurnal downtown ventilation performance was the weakest and the winter nocturnal downtown ventilation performance was the strongest. Moreover, the annual mean wind speed of the 16 zones decreased from the sparse, open low-rise zones to the compact midrise zones, indicating the suitability of using LCZ classification scheme to indicate local-scale urban ventilation performance. The high spatial correlation coefficients under different seasons, day and night and precipitation conditions, ranging between 0.68 and 0.99, further affirmed that LCZ classification scheme is also suitable to indicate local-scale urban ventilation performance, despite without the consideration of street structure like precinct ventilation zone scheme.

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Ismail, Nagham, Nesreen Ghaddar, and Kamel Ghali. "Improving local ventilation prediction by accounting for inter-segmental ventilation." Textile Research Journal 87, no. 5 (July 21, 2016): 511–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517516632474.

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The inter-segmental ventilation rate at clothing inter-connection of arms and trunk affects the estimation of local ventilation rates of these clothed segments. The accurate estimation of the inter-segmental ventilation rate is based on the integration of a connected clothed cylinders model with a bio-heat model to predict a realistic segmental skin temperature. This integration is validated with experiments on a thermal manikin using the tracer gas method. The results show that accounting for the inter-segmental ventilation rate improves the estimation of the segmental ventilation of the arm and the trunk for different garment apertures at external wind velocities less than 4 m/s. For a wind velocity of 1 m/s, the inter-connection increased the trunk ventilation by up to 12% and heat loss by up to 5.46%. A statistical correlation is established for the inter-segmental ventilation rate in terms of the influencing parameters: air permeability, wind velocity, mean air gap size between skin and clothing, and the upper clothing aperture design. Furthermore, a local ventilation rate correction factor equation is developed as a function of the inter-segmental ventilation rate to correct for local ventilation rates when derived from values of isolated/unconnected clothed segments.

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Bangalee, M. Z. I., J. J. Miau, S. Y. Lin, and M. Ferdows. "Effects of Lateral Window Position and Wind Direction on Wind-Driven Natural Cross Ventilation of a Building: A Computational Approach." Journal of Computational Engineering 2014 (March 11, 2014): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/310358.

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Energy is saved when an effective natural ventilation system can provide comfort air to the occupants in a building by replacing a mechanical ventilation system. It also minimizes the risk of the environmental pollution and the global warming. A one story, full scale building was considered to carry out a comparative study of three different cases of wind-driven natural (WDN) cross ventilation with the help of computational fluid dynamics (CFD). In each case, the location of window was changed in lateral direction to predict the probable position for optimum ventilation performance and the angle of wind was varied to check the sensitivity of the wind direction on the flow field. After validating the current methodology through two satisfactory comparisons with the experimental investigations, the governing equations subjected to the corresponding boundary conditions were solved using commercial software and then the results were analyzed. A better location for the windows in each case was proposed. The ventilation purpose was served quite well even if the wind angle was changed in a moderate range from the original design. Furthermore, the velocity components, ventilation rate, surface pressure, ventilation time, and so forth in each case were investigated and compared extensively with those in other cases.

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Giedrė, Streckienė, Motuzienė Violeta, Rimdžius Dovydas, Martinaitis Vytautas, and Bielskus Juozas. "Simulation of Annual Functionality of Roof Turbine Ventilator." E3S Web of Conferences 64 (2018): 07002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20186407002.

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Ventilation systems using renewable energy enable to reduce electricity demand. However, their operation directly depends on the stability of the renewable energy source. In this study, the wind driven roof turbine ventilator (RTV) is analysed. As a rule, this equipment is selected based only on the average annual wind speed and there exists a lack of date related to functionality of RTV. The case study presented in the paper seeks to assess functional operation of the RTV within the whole year. Simulations, performed with TRNSYS software, are based on the empirical equation for the ventilation flow rate extracted by the tested turbine ventilator. Results provide the number of RTV operational hours and share (%) of the time, when the RTV operates. Most of the time RTV operates at partial required load, however, there are periods when air flow rates are excessive and this should be considered as storage potential. The presented results could help to determine more accurately functional operation of RTV in the selected room/building and estimate demand for additional ventilation solutions as well energy storage potential.

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Ma, Xiao-Yu, Yue Peng, Fu-Yun Zhao, Cheng-Wei Liu, and Shuo-Jun Mei. "Full Numerical Investigations on the Wind Driven Natural Ventilation: Cross Ventilation and Single-sided Ventilation." Procedia Engineering 205 (2017): 3797–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.10.128.

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Nejat, Payam, Fatemeh Jomehzadeh, Hasanen Hussen, John Calautit, and Muhd Abd Majid. "Application of Wind as a Renewable Energy Source for Passive Cooling through Windcatchers Integrated with Wing Walls." Energies 11, no. 10 (September 23, 2018): 2536. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11102536.

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Generally, two-third of a building’s energy is consumed by heating, ventilation and air-conditioning systems. One green alternative for conventional air conditioner systems is the implementation of passive cooling. Wing walls and windcatchers are two prominent passive cooling techniques which use wind as a renewable resource for cooling. However, in low wind speed regions and climates, the utilization of natural ventilation systems is accompanied by serious uncertainties. The performance of ventilation systems can be potentially enhanced by integrating windcatchers with wing walls. Since previous studies have not considered this integration, in the first part of this research the effect of this integration on the ventilation performance was assessed and the optimum angle was revealed. However, there is still gap of this combination; thus, in the second part, the impact of wing wall length on the indoor air quality factors was evaluated. This research implemented a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) method to address the gap. The CFD simulation was successfully validated with experimental data from wind tunnel tests related to the previous part. Ten different lengths from 10 cm to 100 cm were analyzed and it was found that the increase in wing wall length leads to a gradual reduction in ventilation performance. Hence, the length does not have a considerable influence on the indoor air quality factors. However, the best performance was seen in 10 cm, that could provide 0.8 m/s for supply air velocity, 790 L/s for air flow rate, 39.5 1/h for air change rate, 107 s for mean age of air and 92% for air change effectiveness.

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Gullbrekken, Lars, Sivert Uvsløkk, Tore Kvande, Kaj Pettersson, and Berit Time. "Wind pressure coefficients for roof ventilation purposes." Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 175 (April 2018): 144–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2018.01.026.

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Chu, Chia-Ren, and Bo-Fan Chiang. "Wind-driven cross ventilation in long buildings." Building and Environment 80 (October 2014): 150–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2014.05.017.

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Elmualim, Abbas Ali. "Utility of Wind Catchers for Nocturnal Ventilation." International Journal of Ventilation 8, no. 1 (June 2009): 85–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14733315.2006.11683834.

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Khan, Naghman, Yuehong Su, and Saffa B. Riffat. "A review on wind driven ventilation techniques." Energy and Buildings 40, no. 8 (January 2008): 1586–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2008.02.015.

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Broas, Pertti. "Ventilation through building walls — wind tunnel studies." Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 60 (April 1996): 241–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-6105(96)00037-2.

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Gładyszewska-Fiedoruk, Katarzyna, and Andrzej Gajewski. "Effect of wind on stack ventilation performance." Energy and Buildings 51 (August 2012): 242–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2012.05.007.

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Chu, Chia-Ren, and Bo-Fan Chiang. "Wind-driven cross ventilation with internal obstacles." Energy and Buildings 67 (December 2013): 201–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2013.07.086.

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Ni, Wen Yao, and Zhao Zhao Meng. "Study on Using Independently Developed Equipment for Mine’s Axial-Flow Main Ventilator Performance Test." Advanced Materials Research 619 (December 2012): 56–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.619.56.

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Performance test for operating mine’s ventilators are generally on-line, hence the test effect mainly depend on a full-prepared anemometry that should find a section where ventilating current is relatively still. While in the condition of on-line test, the only appropriate test site is in the annular contraction section of the leading device; but this section does not have an enough sectional area to fixate Pitot tubes. Therefore, the key to measure the performance of the ventilator is to develop a special equipment to transmit the wind pressure, and replace old Pitot tubes to install in the leading device. This paper introduce the design principle and manufacture method of this independently-developed wind-pressure measuring equipment, meanwhile calibrate the pressure transmission’s effect with standard Pitot tube and put this equipment in practical. After field measurement, the equipment can effectively transmit wind pressure, and its characteristic performance curve tallies with the standard one, therefore attain the final goal of measuring a ventilator’s wind pressure. Furthermore, in different specifications of ventilator, the equipment can adapt itself to different physical dimensions of annular contraction section. All in all, the equipment is scientific, reasonable and easy to be popularized in the mechanical ventilation mines.

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Wei, Lian-Jiang, Meng-Wei Wang, Sheng Li, and Zong-Kang Wei. "Line wind speed distribution model of rectangular tunnel cross-section." Thermal Science 23, no. 3 Part A (2019): 1513–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci180707218w.

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Accurate monitoring of the tunnel wind speed plays a key role in achieving intelligent mine ventilation. Based on the difficulty faced in precise reflection of the average tunnel wind speed by point wind speed monitoring, this paper puts forward a method for accurate monitoring the tunnel wind speed by large-span ultrasonic linear wind speed sensor based on the method of the time difference. Besides, as to the core problem of representing the average section wind speed by section-linear wind speed, the distribution rules of section wind speed in rectangular tunnel with various support forms is studied through combing theoretical analysis and experimental verification. The results could be well applied to rapid determination of ventilation parameters in other coal mines, which is better for the ventilation management of mines.

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Zhang, Hong Qing, Xian Tang Zhang, Yi Long Lou, and Wei Ping Xing. "Comparative Analysis of Wind Speed in Ventilation Hole Simulated by VOF and Euler Model." Applied Mechanics and Materials 624 (August 2014): 643–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.624.643.

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In order to analysis the applicability of VOF and Euler models to simulate water-air two-phase flow, VOF model and Euler model, respectively combining turbulent model, were used to simulate wind speed in ventilation hole of working gate in a hydropower station spillway tunnel with high head and large discharge in China. The results show that the dragging force simulated by Euler model is much more effective than that simulated by VOF model, causing significant increase of airflow in ventilation hole. It is obviously that wind speed simulated by Euler model is more close to the measured one, which may also provide evidence for design of ventilation hole. So Euler model is a better method to simulate the characteristic of aerated flow than VOF model. Meanwhile, the maximum wind speed occur near the inlet of ventilation hole, and the maximum value of wind speed is close to 120 m/s, which can cause loud noise. And wind speed distribution on the inlet section and outlet section of ventilation hole is respectively the most non-uniform and uniform. The conclusions obtained can improve the design of ventilation hole.

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Ma, Tong, and Tian Chen. "River corridor ventilation analysis and riverfront planning strategy in Tianjin’s urban core area." E3S Web of Conferences 237 (2021): 04022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123704022.

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River corridors are important potential wind path in cities. This paper took the river in the core area of Tianjin as the research object. By using two ventilation indicators as frontal area index (FAI) and frontal area density (FAD), the overall ventilation and pedestrian level ventilation of riverfront area were quantitatively analyzed. The result showed that contrary to common belief, due to the high FAI of the riverfront area, river corridor in Tianjin’s core area did not play the role of wind path but obstructed the wind flow. Also the low FAD indicator of the riverfront area lead to a better outdoor comfort in summer but worse comfort in winter. After verified the correlation between planning indicators (floor area ratio, building height and site coverage) and ventilation indicators, a cluster pattern urban riverfront development mode was proposed. Also a ventilation corridor planning methods based on the river direction and dominant wind direction was suggested. These planning strategy will be more conductive to the wind path and cooling island potential of the river corridors in urban core area.

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Li, Jing. "Numerical Simulation of Natural Ventilation in Typical Residential Layout." Advanced Materials Research 594-597 (November 2012): 2192–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.594-597.2192.

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In order to research the influence of layout on natural ventilation，the indoor natural ventilation environment of the typical residential layout in Lishui city was simulated by using CFD method, and the influences of building openings and the wind angle were analyzed . The paper put forwards several proposals to enhance the effect of natural ventilation based on the simulation and the analysis. The results show that indoor layout including the area and ratio of the opening can influence interior ventilation,and the layout in which cross-ventilation can form is good for ventilation,and wind angle has an effect upon indoor natural ventilation in the certain layout.

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Yin, Jie, Qingming Zhan, Muhammad Tayyab, and Aqeela Zahra. "The Ventilation Efficiency of Urban Built Intensity and Ventilation Path Identification: A Case Study of Wuhan." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 21 (November 7, 2021): 11684. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111684.

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Urban ventilation is being hampered by rough surfaces in dense urban areas, and the microclimate and air quality of the urban built environment are not ideal. Identifying urban ventilation paths is helpful to save energy, reduce emissions, and improve the urban ecological environment. Wuhan is the capital city of Hubei, and it has a high urban built intensity and hot summers. Taking Wuhan city, with a size of 35 km ×50 km, as an example, the built environment was divided into grids of 100 m × 100 m and included the building density, floor area ratio, and average building height. The ventilation mechanism of the urban built intensity index has previously been explained. The decrease in building density is not the sole factor causing an increase in wind speed; the enclosure and width of the ventilation path and the height of the front building are also influential. Twelve urban built units were selected for CFD numerical simulation. The ventilation efficiency of each grid was evaluated by calculating the wind speed ratio, maximum wind speed, average wind speed, and area ratio of strong wind. The relationship between the urban built intensity index and ventilation efficiency index was established using the factor analysis method and the Pearson correlation coefficient; building density and average building height are the most critical indexes of ventilation potential. In addition, the layout of the building also has an important impact on ventilation. A suitable built environment is that in which the building density is less than 30%, the average building height is greater than 15 m, and the floor area ratio is greater than 1.5. The urban built intensity map was weighted to identify urban ventilation paths. The paper provides a quantitative reference for scientific planning and design of the urban spatial form to improve ventilation.

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Waugh, Darryn W., Andrew McC. Hogg, Paul Spence, Matthew H. England, and Thomas W. N. Haine. "Response of Southern Ocean Ventilation to Changes in Midlatitude Westerly Winds." Journal of Climate 32, no. 17 (July 26, 2019): 5345–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-19-0039.1.

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ABSTRACT Changes in ventilation of the Southern Hemisphere oceans in response to changes in midlatitude westerly winds are examined by analyzing the ideal age tracer from global eddy-permitting ocean–ice model simulations in which there is an abrupt increase and/or a meridional shift in the winds. The age response in mode and intermediate waters is found to be close to linear; the response of a combined increase and shift of peak winds is similar to the sum of the individual responses to an increase and a shift. Further, a barotropic response, following Sverdrup balance, can explain much of the age response to the changes in wind stress. There are similar peak decreases (of around 50 years) in the ideal age for a 40% increase or 2.5° poleward shift in the wind stress. However, while the age decreases throughout the thermocline for an increase in the winds, for a poleward shift in the winds the age increases in the north part of the thermocline and there are decreases in age only south of 35°S. As a consequence, the change in the volume of young water differs, with a 15% increase in the volume of water with ages younger than 50 years for a 40% increase in the winds but essentially no change in this volume for a 2.5° shift. As ventilation plays a critical role in the uptake of carbon and heat, these results suggest that the storage of anthropogenic carbon and heat in mode and intermediate waters will likely increase with a strengthening of the winds, but will be much less sensitive to a meridional shift in the peak wind stress.

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Huifen, Zou, Yang Fuhua, and Zhang Qian. "Research on the Impact of Wind Angles on the Residential Building Energy Consumption." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/794650.

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Wind angles affect building’s natural ventilation and also energy consumption of the building. In winter, the wind direction in the outdoor environment will affect heat loss of the building, while in summer the change of wind direction and speed in the outdoor environment will affect the building’s ventilation and indoor air circulation. So, making a good deal with the issue of the angle between local buildings and the dominant wind direction can effectively solve the winter and summer ventilation problems. Thereby, it can enhance the comfort of residential person, improve indoor air quality, solve heat gain and heat loss problems in winter and summer in the severely cold and cold regions, and reduce building energy consumption. The simulation software CFD and energy simulation software are used in the paper. South direction of the building is the prototype of the simulation. The angle between the direction of the building and the outdoor environment wind is changed sequentially. Energy consumption under different wind angle conditions is compared with each other. Combined with natural ventilation under various wind angles, the paper gives the best recommended solution of building direction in Shenyang.

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Zhou, Daiyong, Yin Lin, Gaojian Ren, and Yan Shao. "Wind-induced vibration piezoelectric energy collection in ventilation tunnels." E3S Web of Conferences 267 (2021): 01039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126701039.

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Ventilation tunnel wind-induced vibration piezoelectric energy collection MFC as vibration energy in the ventilation tunnel and stores it in the energy storage device to provide the electrical energy required by the wireless sensor in the tunnel. According to the piezoelectric effect of piezoelectric materials, the instantaneous accumulated positive and negative charges generated at both ends of the piezoelectric vibrator at the instantaneous wind speed and wind vibration in the tunnel are collected. By establishing a piezoelectric energy collection model, the irregular transient charges are captured and stored as Available direct current. The piezoelectric energy harvesting model uses wind speed rotation as the traction force to drive the piezoelectric vibrator to vibrate, thereby converting wind energy into instantaneous electrical energy, and using the electrical energy harvesting device to store the electrical energy in the energy storage device. Experiments verify that when the wind-induced vibration piezoelectric energy collection model of the ventilation tunnel is at a wind speed of 8m/s, the maximum output voltage of the energy storage device is 42.2V, which can meet the power supply requirements of wireless sensors in the ventilation tunnel.

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Zhao, Xiang, Yu Fan, Weili Li, Dong Li, Junci Cao, and Yihuang Zhang. "Optimization of Ventilation Spacer for Direct-Drive Permanent Magnet Wind Generator." Energies 12, no. 8 (April 14, 2019): 1430. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12081430.

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As the rated capacity of the Direct-Drive Permanent Magnet Wind Generator (DDPMWG) increases, the heat produced from the generator’s inner components also increases and it becomes difficult to transfer the inner heat to the ambient. The ventilation spacer has a significant influence on the heat transfer process of DDPMWG. Thus, this paper focuses on the optimization of the ventilation spacer on the thermal field of DDPMWG. Firstly, the fluid flow and heat transfer coupled numerical calculation model is established. The physical model, composed of two half-slots and one tooth of DDPMWG, is established due to the structural symmetries to save the calculations. The sources and boundary conditions for the thermal calculations are also given. Five new ventilation spacers, compared with the original one, are proposed to investigate the thermal fields. The pressure drop and temperature field are compared to find the optimized ventilation spacer for the DDPMWG. The criteria are also presented for judging the heat transfer capacity. To validate the optimized ventilation spacer, the temperature rises of the armature winding with original and optimized ventilation spacers are measured. It proves that the armature winding’s temperature rise of the optimized ventilation spacer is about 4.7 K lower than that with the original ventilation spacer.

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Zheng, Jianwen, Qiuhua Tao, and Li Li. "Wind Pressure Coefficient on a Multi-Storey Building with External Shading Louvers." Applied Sciences 10, no. 3 (February 7, 2020): 1128. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10031128.

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Wind characteristics on building surfaces are used to evaluate natural ventilation of a building. As a type of building component, external shading louvers are applied in hot climatic regions to block solar radiation and provide better visual environments. The structure of external louvers can affect wind-induced characteristics, such as convective heat transfer coefficient, wind pressure and pollutant dispersion around building envelopes. This paper aims to analyze the potential ventilation capacity of a multi-storey building with shading louvers, based on wind pressure coefficient by the numerical method. A reference case was established and a previous study was applied to validate the numerical results. The rotation angle of horizontal louvers is taken from 0° to 75° in the simulation cases. The results show that average wind pressure has the greatest reduction for all floors when rotation angle turns from 60° to 75°. Ventilation openings on the stagnation zone contribute to higher ventilation rates for the windward facade with louvers. The analysis, based on multi-floor and multi-row buildings under shaded conditions, will provide a greater perspective for engineers to make optimal natural ventilation routes in multi-storey buildings with external shading louvers.

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HAYASHI, Yasumori, Yuichiro OYAMA, and Yoshifumi MORIYAMA. "An estimate method of ventilation wind volume for the Kanmon Tunnel ventilating facility." Proceedings of Mechanical Engineering Congress, Japan 2016 (2016): S0540101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecj.2016.s0540101.

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Waugh, Darryn W. "Changes in the ventilation of the southern oceans." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 372, no. 2019 (July 13, 2014): 20130269. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2013.0269.

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Changes in the ventilation of the southern oceans over the past few decades are examined using ocean measurements of CFC-12 and model simulations. Analysis of CFC-12 measurements made between the late 1980s and late 2000s reveal large-scale coherent changes in the ventilation, with a decrease in the age of subtropical Subantarctic Mode Waters (SAMW) and an increase in the age of Circumpolar Deep Waters. The decrease in SAMW age is consistent with the observed increase in wind stress curl and strength of the subtropical gyres over the same period. A decrease in the age of SAMW is also found in Community Climate System Model version 4 perturbation experiments where the zonal wind stress is increased. This decrease is due to both more rapid transport along isopycnals and the movement of the isopycnals. These results indicate that the intensification of surface winds in the Southern Hemisphere has caused large-scale coherent changes in the ventilation of the southern oceans.

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Anuja, N., and N. Amutha Priya. "A Study on the Utilization of Natural Ventilation Systems in Institutional Buildings." Shanlax International Journal of Management 7, no. 1 (July 1, 2019): 73–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/management.v7i1.513.

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In Buildings, Energy Management is an important sector. Use of natural ventilation is the only way to minimise the overall energy consumption in buildings. Natural ventilation at a point can vary significantly for every second due to the climatic change. This paper has investigated energy demand problems due to ventilation in an institutional building located in India and gives satisfactory solutions to the problem. The main aim is to utilise maximum natural ventilation instead of artificial systems by reducing the energy bills in the Institutional building. Several Factors such as Wind speed, Wind pressure, Mechanical Ventilation, Air Flow Rate, Air Change Rate, Ventilation Air Change Requirements, Ventilation at various points in a Classroom are considered, and a Questionnaire Survey is conducted among the students.

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Liu, Shanhe, Zhiwen Luo, Keer Zhang, and Jian Hang. "Natural Ventilation of a Small-Scale Road Tunnel by Wind Catchers: A CFD Simulation Study." Atmosphere 9, no. 10 (October 20, 2018): 411. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos9100411.

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Providing efficient ventilation in road tunnels is essential to prevent severe air pollution exposure for both drivers and pedestrians in such enclosed spaces with heavy vehicle emissions. Longitudinal ventilation methods like commercial jet fans have been widely applied and confirmed to be effective for introducing external fresh air into road tunnels that are shorter than 3 km. However, operating tunnel jet fans is energy consuming. Therefore, for small-scale (~100 m–1 km) road tunnels, mechanical ventilation methods might be highly energetically expensive and unaffordable. Many studies have found that the use of wind catchers could improve buildings’ natural ventilation, but their effect on improving natural ventilation in small-scale road tunnels has, hitherto, rarely been studied. This paper, therefore, aims to quantify the influence of style and arrangement of one-sided flat-roof wind catchers on ventilation performance in a road tunnel. The concept of intake fraction (IF) is applied for ventilation and pollutant exposure assessment in the overall tunnel and for pedestrian regions. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methodology with a standard k-epsilon turbulence model is used to perform a three-dimensional (3D) turbulent flow simulation, and CFD results have been validated by wind-tunnel experiments for building cross ventilation. Results show that the introduction of wind catchers would significantly enhance wind speed at pedestrian level, but a negative velocity reduction effect and a near-catcher recirculation zone can also be found. A special downstream vortex extending along the downstream tunnel is found, helping remove the accumulated pollutants away from the low-level pedestrian sides. Both wind catcher style and arrangement would significantly influence the ventilation performance in the tunnel. Compared to long-catcher designs, short-catchers would be more effective for providing fresh air to pedestrian sides due to a weaker upstream velocity reduction effect and smaller near-catcher recirculation zone. In long-catcher cases, IF increases to 1.13 ppm when the wind catcher is positioned 240 m away from the tunnel entrance, which is almost twice that in short-catcher cases. For the effects of catcher arrangements, single, short-catcher, span-wise, shifting would not help dilute pollutants effectively. Generally, a design involving a double short-catcher in a parallel arrangement is the most recommended, with the smallest IF, i.e., 61% of that in the tunnel without wind catchers (0.36 ppm).

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Wang, Weiwu, Di Wang, Huan Chen, Biyan Wang, and Xin Chen. "Identifying urban ventilation corridors through quantitative analysis of ventilation potential and wind characteristics." Building and Environment 214 (April 2022): 108943. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2022.108943.

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41

Feng, Qian. "Analysis and Research of Wind Environment of Energy Saving Buildings." Advanced Materials Research 243-249 (May 2011): 6246–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.243-249.6246.

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Building Energy Efficiency is one of the most important goals for green architectural design. Natural ventilation is a building energy efficiency technique adapting to the environment. Compared with air conditioning, natural ventilation can reduce the energy consumption and bring new air to indoor space. However, air environment, as an important aspect of building optimal design, can be ignored easily in traditional research, the quantitative analysis aiming at the energy efficiency of natural ventilation is less. In this paper, we use Fluent Air-pak software and Wenyuan Building of TongJi University as an example, to analyze the air flow field of indoor natural ventilation and provide the method and theory of air-environment design.

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Bu, Zhen. "Wind-Driven Natural Ventilation in an Areaway-Attached Basement with a Single-Sided Opening for Residential Purposes." Advanced Materials Research 383-390 (November 2011): 5344–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.383-390.5344.

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This paper discusses the sustainability of the areaway-attached basement concept with the attentions focused on wind-driven single-sided natural ventilation. First, numerical simulations were performed on an areaway-attached basement with a single-sided opening. Two CFD approaches: Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) and large-eddy simulation (LES) were used and compared with the previous experimental results of effective ventilation rate. A good agreement between the measurement and LES model was found and RANS model tends to underestimate the ventilation rates. Furthermore, Based on LES with the inflow turbulent fluctuations, the mean airflow patterns within and around the areaway-attached basement was investigated for different wind incidence angles to examine the influences of wind direction on ventilation performances.

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43

Mirabi, Elahe, Nazanin Nasrollahi, and Mehdi Dadkhah. "Investigating the Effect of Balcony Types on the Naturally-Ventilated Buildings." Journal of Sustainable Architecture and Civil Engineering 26, no. 1 (April 10, 2020): 74–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.sace.26.1.24318.

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Natural ventilation is application of natural drift power of wind. Wind can enter and exit buildings through the openings on facades. Hence, Form of facades can impact the air flow behaviour and consequently natural ventilation because they can change the pressure distribution on facades. Moreover, wind pressure difference between windward and leeward facades of buildings is the most important factor affecting natural ventilation. So, it is worthy to focus on facade details in order to enhance natural ventilation. Particularly, geometrical details of facades such as protrusions and indentations e.g. balconies can be considered effective elements on average pressure distribution on both windward and leeward facades, changing pressure difference between these facades. This difference can drive the air flow towards interior spaces significantly. Although this basic rule has been used by different researchers in order to increase natural ventilation buildings, the most research has been studied buildings with flat facades. Therefore, this study aims to investigate effects of balcony types on the natural ventilation. Three types of balcony are simulated and the wind pressure distribution on the windward and leeward facades are analysed. All these simulations are carried out for normally (perpendicular) and obliquely incident wind. This study is performed with Ansys Fluent 18 for all simulations. The results showed that balcony types can affect the pressure distribution on the windward and leeward facades of buildings, leading to the more or less pressure difference between these two facades. These results show that protrusion (protrusive balcony) can cause more complicated pattern of the wind pressure on facades than the others. Also, Re-entrant balcony causes the more pressure differences between the windward and leeward facades and enhances natural ventilation of buildings more considerably than the protrusive one.

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44

Bailey, B. J., A. P. Robertson, and A. G. Lockwood. "THE INFLUENCE OF WIND DIRECTION ON GREENHOUSE VENTILATION." Acta Horticulturae, no. 633 (March 2004): 197–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2004.633.23.

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Chu, Chia-Ren, Ting-Wei Lan, Ren-Kai Tasi, Tso-Ren Wu, and Chih-Kai Yang. "Wind-driven natural ventilation of greenhouses with vegetation." Biosystems Engineering 164 (December 2017): 221–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2017.10.008.

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MOTT, RICHARD W., and ANDREW W. WOODS. "Natural ventilation driven by periodic gusting of wind." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 679 (May 25, 2011): 58–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2011.122.

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We investigate the mixing of a warm enclosed space by a series of discrete gusts of cold air from a high-level opening. Initially we examine the case of a series of gusts of identical size each modelled as a turbulent buoyant thermal. We develop a model of the filling box-like flow which develops in the space and identify the key parameter in the system as the ratio between the initial gust size and the product of the height of the room and the entrainment coefficient. We find an approximate analytic solution for the evolution of the density profile within the space which is in good agreement with a full numerical solution of the governing equations. We successfully test the predictions of the model with a series of new laboratory experiments. The experiments combined with the model also provide a new independent estimate for the entrainment coefficient of a thermal, ε = 0.37 ± 0.02, based on the propagation speed of a filling box front. We then examine the mixing produced by a series of thermals of non-identical size which we characterize in terms of a mean size and coefficient of variation. We find that as the coefficient of variation increases, the density profile becomes progressively more stratified owing to the asymmetry of dilution through entrainment of large and small thermals. We discuss the implications of these results for the ventilation of a building subject to gusts of wind.

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G. L. Shrestha, C. O. Cramer, B. J. Holmes, and D. W. Kammel. "Wind-induced Ventilation of an Enclosed Livestock Building." Transactions of the ASAE 36, no. 3 (1993): 921–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.28417.

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R. W. Bottcher, D. H. Willits, and G. R. Baughman. "Experimental Analysis of Wind Ventilation of Poultry Buildings." Transactions of the ASAE 29, no. 2 (1986): 0571–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.30192.

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Bailey, B. J. "WIND DRIVEN LEEWARD VENTILATION IN A LARGE GREENHOUSE." Acta Horticulturae, no. 534 (August 2000): 309–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2000.534.36.

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Turner, J. S., and B. Pinshow. "Transient-state mechanisms of wind-induced burrow ventilation." Journal of Experimental Biology 218, no. 2 (January 15, 2015): 170–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.110858.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Wind ventilation'

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