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1
Annoni, Jennifer, Christopher Bay, Kathryn Johnson, Emiliano Dall'Anese, Eliot Quon, Travis Kemper, and Paul Fleming. "Wind direction estimation using SCADA data with consensus-based optimization." Wind Energy Science 4, no. 2 (June 20, 2019): 355–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/wes-4-355-2019.
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Abstract. Wind turbines in a wind farm typically operate individually to maximize their own performance and do not take into account information from nearby turbines. To enable cooperation to achieve farm-level objectives, turbines will need to use information from nearby turbines to optimize performance, ensure resiliency when other sensors fail, and adapt to changing local conditions. A key element of achieving a more efficient wind farm is to develop algorithms that ensure reliable, robust, real-time, and efficient operation of wind turbines in a wind farm using local sensor information that is already being collected, such as supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) data, local meteorological stations, and nearby radars/sodars/lidars. This article presents a framework for developing a cooperative wind farm that incorporates information from nearby turbines in real time to better align turbines in a wind farm. SCADA data from multiple turbines can be used to make better estimates of the local inflow conditions at each individual turbine. By incorporating measurements from multiple nearby turbines, a more reliable estimate of the wind direction can be obtained at an individual turbine. The consensus-based approach presented in this paper uses information from nearby turbines to estimate wind direction in an iterative way rather than aggregating all the data in a wind farm at once. Results indicate that this estimate of the wind direction can be used to improve the turbine's knowledge of the wind direction. This estimated wind direction signal has implications for potentially decreasing dynamic yaw misalignment, decreasing the amount of time a turbine spends yawing due to a more reliable input to the yaw controller, increasing resiliency to faulty wind-vane measurements, and increasing the potential for wind farm control strategies such as wake steering.
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Chung, P. D. "Evaluation of Reactive Power Support Capability of Wind Turbines." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 10, no. 1 (February 3, 2020): 5211–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.3260.
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Reactive power plays an important role in the operation of power systems, especially in the case of wind energy integration. This paper aims to evaluate the reactive power support capability of wind turbines in both normal and voltage sag conditions. The three 2MW wind turbines studied are a fixed speed wind turbine and two variable speed wind turbines with full-scale and power-scale power converters. Comparison results indicate that at normal operation, the fixed speed wind turbine with a static synchronous compensator is able to consume the highest reactive power, while the variable speed wind turbine with full-scale power converter can supply the highest reactive power. In case of low voltage, the fixed speed wind turbine with the static synchronous compensator can support the highest reactive power if the static synchronous compensator’s capacity is similar to the wind turbine’s capacity, while if its capacity is equal to 25% of the generator’s capacity, the variable speed wind turbine with full-scale power converter has the best performance.
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Ackshaya Varshini, K. S., Alenkar K. Aswin, H. Rajan, and K. S. Maanav Charan. "Concept design and numerical analysis of hybrid solar–wind turbine." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 850, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/850/1/012032.
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Abstract A wind turbine is a device that converts wind energy to electrical energy. External factors such as wind speed and direction shift, as well as turbine blade design considerations, cause a significant amount of energy to be wasted throughout the conversion process. Considering all these losses, a turbine’s average efficiency is roughly 45 percent. The blades of a wind turbine are one of the most crucial factors in determining the turbine’s efficiency. The design and geometry of the blades have a direct impact on performance since it determines how much kinetic energy from the wind is converted into mechanical energy. Many concepts and technologies are being used to improve the efficiency of wind turbines while lowering their maintenance costs. Wind turbines based on their axis orientation are classified as vertical axis and horizontal axis. Vertical axis wind turbines are not as widespread as their horizontal-axis counterparts due to their lower efficiency. In this study, we will use a Savonius vertical axis wind turbine to investigate a way of enhancing its efficiency by installing solar panels on its vertical blades and determining the best performance angle at which the turbine should be kept achieving maximum efficiency. Computation fluid dynamic analysis and thermal and structural analysis has been performed to check the efficiency of the designed blade. As a result, an optimized wind turbine design has been developed.
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Tian, Wenxin, Hao Tie, Shitang Ke, Jiawei Wan, Xiuyong Zhao, Yuze Zhao, Lidong Zhang, and Sheng Wang. "Numerical Investigation of the Influence of the Wake of Wind Turbines with Different Scales Based on OpenFOAM." Applied Sciences 12, no. 19 (September 25, 2022): 9624. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12199624.
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The wake of a wind turbine has an important influence on the output power of wind farms. Staggered height layout is an emerging method for the layout optimization of wind farms. In order to study the effect of a staggered height layout on the overall power output of wind farms in depth, we established a combination of two large wind turbines and three small wind turbines arranged laterally between the two large wind turbines, and set four working conditions with different distances between the small wind turbines and the downstream large wind turbines as the research objects. The wind turbine array is analyzed by numerical simulation The layouts add three small wind turbines between the two large wind turbines, and each row of small wind turbines has a different distance from the downstream large wind turbines. The results show that as the distance from the upstream large wind turbine increases, the power of the three small wind turbines on the downstream wind turbine tends to be positive. The numerical simulation suggests that under the inflow wind speed, the closer to the downstream large wind turbine, the higher the wind speed is at the hub height.
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Khudri Johari, Muhd, Muhammad Azim A Jalil, and Mohammad Faizal Mohd Shariff. "Comparison of horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT) and vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT)." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.13 (October 9, 2018): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.13.21333.
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As the demand for green technology is rising rapidly worldwide, it is important that Malaysian researchers take advantage of Malaysia’s windy climates and areas to initiate more power generation projects using wind. The main objectives of this study are to build a functional wind turbine and to compare the performance of two types of design for wind turbine under different speeds and behaviours of the wind. A three-blade horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT) and a Darrieus-type vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) have been designed with CATIA software and constructed using a 3D-printing method. Both wind turbines have undergone series of tests before the voltage and current output from the wind turbines are collected. The result of the test is used to compare the performance of both wind turbines that will imply which design has the best efficiency and performance for Malaysia’s tropical climate. While HAWT can generate higher voltage (up to 8.99 V at one point), it decreases back to 0 V when the wind angle changes. VAWT, however, can generate lower voltage (1.4 V) but changes in the wind angle does not affect its voltage output at all. The analysis has proven that VAWT is significantly more efficient to be built and utilized for Malaysia’s tropical and windy climates. This is also an initiative project to gauge the possibility of building wind turbines, which could be built on the extensive and windy areas surrounding Malaysian airports.
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Armengol Barcos, Guillem, and Fernando Porté-Agel. "Enhancing Wind Farm Performance through Axial Induction and Tilt Control: Insights from Wind Tunnel Experiments." Energies 17, no. 1 (December 29, 2023): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17010203.
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Static axial induction control and tilt control are two strategies that have the potential to increase power production in wind farms, mitigating wake effects and increasing the available power for downstream turbines. In this study, wind tunnel experiments are performed to evaluate the efficiency of these two techniques. First, the axial induction of upstream turbines in wind farms comprising two, three, and five turbines is modified through the tip-speed ratio. This strategy is found to be ineffective in increasing power extraction. Next, the power extraction and flow through a two-turbine wind farm are evaluated, considering different tilt angles for the upstream turbine, under two levels of incoming flow turbulence intensities and turbine spacing distances. It is shown that forward tilting increases the overall power extraction by deflecting the wake downwards and promoting the entrainment of high-speed fluid in the upper shear layer, regardless of the turbine spacing distance and turbulence intensity level. Also, the wake is seen to recover faster due to the increased shear between the wake and the outer flow. Tilting a turbine backward deflects the wake upwards and pulls low-speed flow from under the turbine into the wake space, increasing the available power for downstream turbines, but it is not enough to increase global power extraction. Moreover, since the wake deflection under backward tilting is not limited by ground blockage, it leads to larger secondary steering compared with forward tilting. Finally, it is demonstrated that the secondary steering of the downstream turbine’s wake influences the flow encountered by a turbine positioned farther downstream.
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Kryltcov, Sergei, and Sergei Solovev. "Efficient wind energy generation within Arctic latitudes." E3S Web of Conferences 140 (2019): 11005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201914011005.
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The paper addresses approaches to increasing the efficiency of wind turbines operating in autonomous mode in Arctic regions. Such type of wind turbine operation is related to fluctuations of the generated power, that negatively affects grid power quality. The increase of wind turbines efficiency is achieved by the utilization of current reserve of power converter, which is a necessary part of megawatts-sized wind energy generation unit. The developed Simulink model of the wind turbines, built according to two of the most suitable for megawatts-level power generation topologies, was used to determine their power output depending on the wind turbine’s rotor speed and the wind speed. Obtained power profile was then used to determine the amount of free current reserve depending on the wind speed, which has verified the ability of both wind turbine topologies to efficiently improve grid power quality, therefore leading to reduction or absence of the necessity to install additional power equipment for the compensation purpose.
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Gutierrez, Walter, Arquimedes Ruiz-Columbie, Murat Tutkun, and Luciano Castillo. "Impacts of the low-level jet's negative wind shear on the wind turbine." Wind Energy Science 2, no. 2 (November 20, 2017): 533–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/wes-2-533-2017.
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Abstract. Nocturnal low-level jets (LLJs) are defined as relative maxima in the vertical profile of the horizontal wind speed at the top of the stable boundary layer. Such peaks constitute major power resources for wind turbines. However, a wind speed maximum implies a transition from positive wind shears below the peak to negative ones above. The effect that such a transition has on wind turbines has not been thoroughly studied.This research study employed a methodical approach to the study of negative wind shear's impacts on wind turbines. Up to now, the presence of negative shears inside the turbine's rotor in relation to the presence of positive shears has been largely ignored. A parameter has been proposed to quantify that presence in future studies of LLJ–wind-turbine interactions. Simulations were performed using the NREL aeroelastic simulator FAST code. Rather than using synthetic profiles to generate the wind data, all simulations were based on real data captured at the high frequency of 50 Hz, which allowed us to perform the analysis of a turbine's impacts with real-life, small scales of wind motions.It was found that the presence of negative wind shears at the height of the turbine's rotor appeared to exert a positive impact on reducing the motions of the nacelle and the tower in every direction, with oscillations reaching a minimum when negative shears covered the turbine swept area completely. Only the tower wobbling in the spanwise direction was amplified by the negative shears; however, this occurred at the tower's slower velocities and accelerations. The forces and moments were also reduced by the negative shears. The aforementioned impacts were less beneficial in the rotating parts, such as the blades and the shafts. Finally, the variance in power production was also reduced. These findings can be very important for the next generation of wind turbines as they reach deeper into LLJ's typical heights.The study demonstrated that the presence of negative shears is significant in reducing the loading on wind turbines. A major conclusion of this study is that the wind turbines of the future should probably be designed with the aim of reaching the top of the nightly boundary layer more often and therefore the altitudes where negative shears are more frequent. Doing so will help to reduce the positive shear's associated damage and to capture the significant LLJ energy.
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Simani, Silvio, Saverio Farsoni, and Paolo Castaldi. "Transfer Learning for Fault Detection with Application to Wind Turbine SCADA Data." Journal of Energy and Power Technology 05, no. 01 (March 21, 2023): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.21926/jept.2301011.
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The installed wind power capacity is growing worldwide. Remote condition monitoring of wind turbines is employed to achieve higher uptimes and lower maintenance costs. Machine learning models can detect developing damages in wind turbines. Therefore, this paper demonstrates that cross–turbine transfer learning can drastically improve the accuracy of fault detection models in turbines with scarce SCADA data. In particular, it shows that combining the knowledge from turbines with scarce and turbines with plentiful data enables earlier detection of faults than prior art methods. Training fault detection models require large amounts of past and present SCADA data but these data are often unavailable or not representative of the current operation behavior. Newly commissioned wind farms lack SCADA data from the previous operation. Due to control software updates or hardware replacements, older turbines may also lack representative SCADA data. After such events, a turbine’s operation behavior can change significantly so its SCADA data no longer represent its current behavior. Therefore, the work highlights how to reuse and transfer knowledge across wind turbines to overcome this lack of data and enable the earlier detection of faults in wind turbines.
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Das, Swagata, Neeraj Karnik, and Surya Santoso. "Time-Domain Modeling of Tower Shadow and Wind Shear in Wind Turbines." ISRN Renewable Energy 2011 (October 23, 2011): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2011/890582.
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Tower shadow and wind shear contribute to periodic fluctuations in electrical power output of a wind turbine generator. The frequency of the periodic fluctuations is times the blade rotational frequency , where is the number of blades. For three-bladed wind turbines, this inherent characteristic is known as the effect. In a weak-power system, it results in voltage fluctuation or flicker at the point of common coupling of the wind turbine to the grid. The phenomenon is important to model so as to evaluate the flicker magnitude at the design level. Hence, the paper aims to develop a detailed time-domain upwind fixed speed wind turbine model which includes the turbine's aerodynamic, mechanical, electrical, as well as tower shadow and wind shear components. The model allows users to input factors such as terrain, tower height, and tower diameter to calculate the oscillations. The model can be expanded to suit studies involving variable speed wind turbines. Six case studies demonstrate how the model can be used for studying wind turbine interconnection and voltage flicker analysis. Results indicate that the model performs as expected.
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Bechmann, A., T. Barlas, and H. A. Madsen. "Incorporating Electricity Prices in Wind Turbine Design: Introducing the AEV Metric." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2745, no. 1 (April 1, 2024): 012018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2745/1/012018.
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Abstract This paper addresses the challenge of incorporating electricity prices into wind turbine design methods and shows how price volatility drives wind turbines towards larger rotors and lower specific power. Since wind speed and electricity prices fluctuate, current efforts to estimate a wind turbine’s revenue are based on time-series approaches. However, this paper presents a new way of accounting for price volatility based on wind distributions, which is computationally cheap and easily integrates with current wind turbine and farm design methods and tools. The new method demonstrates that a traditional wind turbine can lose more than 15% of its revenue in open energy markets like Denmark due to price volatility. Designing turbines with lower specific power can substantially increase revenue by producing more energy at low wind speeds with higher energy demand and electricity prices.
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Zong, Shuai, Kun Liu, Yichi Zhang, Xingpeng Yan, and Yukai Wang. "The Dynamic Response of a Floating Wind Turbine under Collision Load Considering the Coupling of Wind-Wave-Mooring Loads." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 11, no. 9 (September 4, 2023): 1741. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse11091741.
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As the number of offshore wind turbines continues to rise and their proximity to navigational routes decreases, the risk of collisions between passing vessels and wind turbines increases, thereby presenting serious threats to the safety of personnel and equipment. Given that collisions between floating wind turbines and vessels entail a complex interplay of wind, wave, and mooring loads, this study established a bidirectional fluid-structure coupling simulation methodology based on Star-CCM+ and ABAQUS. Under the combined influences of wind, wave, and mooring loads, the study investigated the dynamic response of floating wind turbines following bow and side impacts from vessels. Analyses were conducted on the structural damage and deformation of floating wind turbines, the transformation of energy during collision processes, and the resultant motion response of the turbines. A sensitivity analysis was performed on parameters such as collision speed, collision angle, wind speed, and wave height. The findings indicate that the amplitude of pitching and heaving motions of the turbine exceed those observed under conditions devoid of collision loads, with the amplitude of motion intensifying with an increase in these parameters. The turbine’s floating body absorbed a minimal amount of internal energy, leading to minor damage, with the stress generated predominantly localized in the collision area of the floating body. The impact of a side collision from vessels exerted a larger influence on the structural dynamic response of floating wind turbines. The analysis results indicate that even though the offshore wind turbine structure is not critically damaged by ship impact, the equipment inside may still fail to work due to the high value of acceleration induced by ship impact. The research outcomes can benefit the safety design of offshore wind turbines in engineering practice.
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Murphy, Patrick, Julie K. Lundquist, and Paul Fleming. "How wind speed shear and directional veer affect the power production of a megawatt-scale operational wind turbine." Wind Energy Science 5, no. 3 (September 11, 2020): 1169–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/wes-5-1169-2020.
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Abstract. Most megawatt-scale wind turbines align themselves into the wind as defined by the wind speed at or near the center of the rotor (hub height). However, both wind speed and wind direction can change with height across the area swept by the turbine blades. A turbine aligned to hub-height winds might experience suboptimal or superoptimal power production, depending on the changes in the vertical profile of wind, also known as shear. Using observed winds and power production over 6 months at a site in the high plains of North America, we quantify the sensitivity of a wind turbine's power production to wind speed shear and directional veer as well as atmospheric stability. We measure shear using metrics such as α (the log-law wind shear exponent), βbulk (a measure of bulk rotor-disk-layer veer), βtotal (a measure of total rotor-disk-layer veer), and rotor-equivalent wind speed (REWS; a measure of actual momentum encountered by the turbine by accounting for shear). We also consider the REWS with the inclusion of directional veer, REWSθ, although statistically significant differences in power production do not occur between REWS and REWSθ at our site. When REWS differs from the hub-height wind speed (as measured by either the lidar or a transfer function-corrected nacelle anemometer), the turbine power generation also differs from the mean power curve in a statistically significant way. This change in power can be more than 70 kW or up to 5 % of the rated power for a single 1.5 MW utility-scale turbine. Over a theoretical 100-turbine wind farm, these changes could lead to instantaneous power prediction gains or losses equivalent to the addition or loss of multiple utility-scale turbines. At this site, REWS is the most useful metric for segregating the turbine's power curve into high and low cases of power production when compared to the other shear or stability metrics. Therefore, REWS enables improved forecasts of power production.
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Arifin, Zainal, Dominicus Danardono Dwi Prija Tjahjana, Suyitno Suyitno, Wibawa Endra Juwana, Rendhy Adhi Rachmanto, Chico Hermanu Brillianto Apribowo, and Catur Harsito. "Performance of Crossflow Wind Turbines in In-line Configuration and Opposite Rotation Direction." Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences 81, no. 1 (March 5, 2021): 131–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.81.1.131139.
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Wind energy sources must be investigated to produce electrical energy from a renewable source. Crossflow wind turbines are suitable for use because they have several advantages such as self-starting ability, low noise, and excellent stability. They have the potential to be applied as small wind turbines in urban districts because of their small maximum coefficient of power (Cp), which is 10% of that of other small wind turbines. To enhance the performance of crossflow wind turbines, we changed the turbine to rotate in the opposite direction in the in-line configuration. Turbine performance testing was tested using a wind tunnel. The characteristics of crossflow wind turbines were investigated, then turbine performance was analyzed and discussed. The maximum power coefficient obtained was 0.169 (Cp) with the configuration of 12 turbine blades at a wind speed of 10 m/s. The maximum torque coefficient obtained was 0.703. The overall results show that the crossflow wind turbine in in-line configuration with opposite rotation can improve the performance of wind turbines.
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Roddier, Dominique, and Joshua Weinstein. "Floating Wind Turbines." Mechanical Engineering 132, no. 04 (April 1, 2010): 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2010-apr-2.
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This article discusses the functioning of floating wind turbines. The engineering requirements for the design of floating offshore wind turbines are extensive. Wind turbine design tools usually consist of an aerodynamic model (for flow around the blades) coupled with a structural code. Aero-elastic models used in the design of fixed turbines calculate all the necessary loading parameters, from turbine thrust and power generation, to blade and tower deflections. The design of floating structures usually involves hydrodynamics tools such as WAMIT Inc.’s software for studying wave interactions with vessels and platforms, or Principia’s DIODORE, to predict the hydrodynamic quantities, such as added mass, damping and wave exciting forces, which are used as a kernel in the time domain simulations. In marine projects, design tools typically need to be validated against model tests in a wave tank or basin. Such work is performed frequently, and scaling laws are very well defined.
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Jamal, Jamal. "Pengaruh Jumlah Sudu Terhadap Kinerja Turbin Savonius." INTEK: Jurnal Penelitian 6, no. 1 (May 25, 2019): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.31963/intek.v6i1.1127.
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Savonius wind turbines are wind turbines that canoperate at low wind speeds, this type of turbine is very suitable tobe used in several places in Indonesia. The research aims toimprove the performance of the Savonius wind turbine withvariations in the number of turbine blades as well as variations inthe velocity of wind speed. The research method wasexperimental where wind turbine testing was carried out withvariations in the number of turbine blades with number of 2, 3and 4 blades, other variations carried out were wind speed at 3.5;4,5; 5.5 and 6.5 m/s. The study results show that the 2-bladeturbine produces greater rotation, but the torque moment islower than the 3 and 4 blade turbines, this can be seen in the lowefficiency of the 2 blade turbine at low wind speeds with highloading. At 3.5 m / s wind turbines 2 blade turbines haveefficiency that tends to be the same as 3 and 4 blade turbines upto 0.5 N but at loads of 0.6 - 1.2 N 2 blade turbines have lowerefficiency, while at wind speeds of 4.5 - 6.5 m / s 2 blade turbineshave greater efficiency than turbines 3 and 4 blades up to a loadof 1.2 N but if the load is added then the efficiency of 2-bladeturbines can be smaller than efficiency 3 and 4-blade.
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Shaler, Kelsey, Amy N. Robertson, and Jason Jonkman. "Sensitivity analysis of the effect of wind and wake characteristics on wind turbine loads in a small wind farm." Wind Energy Science 8, no. 1 (January 4, 2023): 25–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/wes-8-25-2023.
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Abstract. Wind turbines are designed using a set of simulations to determine the fatigue and ultimate loads, which are typically focused solely on unwaked wind turbine operation. These structural loads can be significantly influenced by the wind inflow conditions. Turbines experience altered inflow conditions when placed in the wake of upstream turbines, which can additionally influence the fatigue and ultimate loads. It is important to understand the impact of uncertainty on the resulting loads of both unwaked and waked turbines. The goal of this work is to assess which wind-inflow-related and wake-related parameters have the greatest influence on fatigue and ultimate loads during normal operation for turbines in a three-turbine wind farm. Twenty-eight wind inflow and wake parameters are screened using an elementary effects sensitivity analysis approach to identify the parameters that lead to the largest variation in the fatigue and ultimate loads of each turbine. This study uses the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) 5 MW baseline wind turbine, simulated with OpenFAST and synthetically generated inflow based on the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) Kaimal turbulence spectrum with the IEC exponential coherence model using the NREL tool TurbSim. The focus is on sensitivity to individual parameters, though interactions between parameters are considered, and how sensitivity differs between waked and unwaked turbines. The results of this work show that for both waked and unwaked turbines, ambient turbulence in the primary wind direction and shear are the most sensitive parameters for turbine fatigue and ultimate loads. Secondary parameters of importance for all turbines are identified as yaw misalignment, streamwise integral length, and the exponent and streamwise components of the IEC coherence model. The tertiary parameters of importance differ between waked and unwaked turbines. Tertiary effects account for up to 9.0 % of the significant events for waked turbine ultimate loads and include veer, non-streamwise components of the IEC coherence model, Reynolds stresses, wind direction, air density, and several wake calibration parameters. For fatigue loads, tertiary effects account for up to 5.4 % of the significant events and include vertical turbulence standard deviation, lateral and vertical wind integral lengths, non-streamwise components of the IEC coherence model, Reynolds stresses, wind direction, and all wake calibration parameters. This information shows the increased importance of non-streamwise wind components and wake parameters in the fatigue and ultimate load sensitivity of downstream turbines.
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Ren, Na, Guangwei Zhu, Shaonan Fu, Xiaocong He, Jianbin Hu, and Yangguang Zhu. "Research on wind direction measurement of wind turbine based on fluid simulation." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2441, no. 1 (March 1, 2023): 012059. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2441/1/012059.
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Abstract For horizontal-axis wind turbines, wind turbines typically alignment nacelle to the wind using yaw system, realizing max energy capture. If the wind turbine’s nacelle has a large error to the wind, the captured wind energy loss will be large, and it will also cause an increase in the load of the unit, which will pose a major risk to the safety of the wind turbine. Affecting the wind measurement error in addition to the performance of the sensor itself, the installation position of the wind measurement equipment also accounts for an important factor, this paper on the basis of the calculation of fluid dynamics simulation results, through the lateral and longitudinal comparison of the simulation results, pointed out the best installation location of the wind direction sensor, optimize the loss caused by wind measurement error of wind turbine in design, and provide guidance for the installation of the wind direction sensor on site.
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Leroux, Camille, Kévin Barré, Nicolas Valet, Christian Kerbiriou, and Isabelle Le Viol. "Distribution of common pipistrelle (Pipistrellus pipistrellus) activity is altered by airflow disruption generated by wind turbines." PLOS ONE 19, no. 5 (May 31, 2024): e0303368. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0303368.
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The mechanisms underlying bat and bird activity peaks (attraction) or losses (avoidance) near wind turbines remain unknown. Yet, understanding them would be a major lever to limit the resulting habitat loss and fatalities. Given that bat activity is strongly related to airflows, we hypothesized that airflow disturbances generated leeward (downwind) of operating wind turbines–via the so-called wake effect–make this area less favorable for bats, due to increased flight costs, decreased maneuverability and possibly lower prey abundance. To test this hypothesis, we quantified Pipistrellus pipistrellus activity acoustically at 361 site-nights in western France in June on a longitudinal distance gradient from the wind turbine and on a circular azimuth gradient of wind incidence angle, calculated from the prevailing wind direction of the night. We show that P. pipistrellus avoid the wake area, as less activity was detected leeward of turbines than windward (upwind) at relatively moderate and high wind speeds. Furthermore, we found that P. pipistrellus response to wind turbine (attraction and avoidance) depended on the angle from the wake area. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that changes in airflows around operating wind turbines can strongly impact the way bats use habitats up to at least 1500 m from the turbines, and thus should prompt the consideration of prevailing winds in wind energy planning. Based on the evidence we present here, we strongly recommend avoiding configurations involving the installation of a turbine between the origin of prevailing winds and important habitats for bats, such as hedgerows, water or woodlands.
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Mohammed Aldhufairi, Mohd Khairul Hafiz Muda, Faizal Mustapha, Kamarul Arifin Ahmad, and Noorfaizal Yidris. "Design of Wind Nozzle for Nozzle Augmented Wind Turbine." Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences 95, no. 1 (June 18, 2022): 36–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.95.1.3643.
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In some countries, wind turbines are designed to operate at relatively high speeds to be appropriately efficient, limiting the use of wind turbines in urban areas with low wind speeds. Thus, innovation is needed to enhance the possibility of wind energy use within the range of low speeds. In order to increase the electrical power of the wind turbines, the velocity of the wind blowing on the wind turbine, is the most important factor that has to increase. In this paper it has been recommended that contraction nozzles could be applied between Wind Turbines and wind-way to provide the wind through themselves with more velocity. The main objective of this research is to optimize the nozzle design for vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT). Specifically, this study investigates the effect of wind velocity on different shapes of nozzle to develop the suitable nozzle for the wind turbine. For that purpose, the ideologies of contraction nozzle have been studied. Different nozzle design concepts were developed and the wind speed for each design is simulated.
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Lillahulhaq, Z., A. Muchyiddin, R. W. Suhadak, I. Amirullah, F. D. Sandy, and A. C. Embot. "Experimental Study Wind Turbine Performance of Straight-Savonius and Ice-Wind Type on the Similar proportion Aspect Ratio." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2117, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2117/1/012008.
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Abstract The Performance of wind turbines at low speed can be improved by Ice-Wind model, particularly in self-starting conditions. Compared to a traditional wind turbine with two blades of the similar area and material, Ice-Wind can increase efficiency by 19%. Research on the Savonius turbine, particularly the Ice-Wind turbine, is challenging. It is because it has many restrictive parameters, such as the height, diameter, and area of the turbine blades. The Ice-Wind turbine shape is obtained by cutting a Savonius turbine. This process led to research on Ice-Wind turbines only under the similar parameters. The aspect ratio of a Savonius turbine has a significant effect on the speed, mechanical power and static-torque produced by the wind turbine. The research was done on Savonius and Ice-Wind turbines with the similar aspect ratio. The results show that the speed, power factor and efficiency of the Savonius turbine are higher than those of Ice-Wind. However, Savonius produces a smaller static-torque coefficient value than Ice-Wind. The results of this research contrast with other studies comparing Savonius and Ice-Wind turbines. In other researches, Savonius and Ice-Wind turbines have the similar area but different aspect ratios.
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Neunaber, Ingrid, Michael Hölling, Richard J. A. M. Stevens, Gerard Schepers, and Joachim Peinke. "Distinct Turbulent Regions in the Wake of a Wind Turbine and Their Inflow-Dependent Locations: The Creation of a Wake Map." Energies 13, no. 20 (October 15, 2020): 5392. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13205392.
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Wind turbines are usually clustered in wind farms which causes the downstream turbines to operate in the turbulent wakes of upstream turbines. As turbulence is directly related to increased fatigue loads, knowledge of the turbulence in the wake and its evolution are important. Therefore, the main objective of this study is a comprehensive exploration of the turbulence evolution in the wind turbine’s wake to identify characteristic turbulence regions. For this, we present an experimental study of three model wind turbine wake scenarios that were scanned with hot-wire anemometry with a very high downstream resolution. The model wind turbine was exposed to three inflows: laminar inflow as a reference case, a central wind turbine wake, and half of the wake of an upstream turbine. A detailed turbulence analysis reveals four downstream turbulence regions by means of the mean velocity, variance, turbulence intensity, energy spectra, integral and Taylor length scales, and the Castaing parameter that indicates the intermittency, or gustiness, of turbulence. In addition, a wake core with features of homogeneous isotropic turbulence and a ring of high intermittency surrounding the wake can be identified. The results are important for turbulence modeling in wakes and optimization of wind farm wake control.
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Khozyainov, B. P. "THE WAYS TO ACHIEVE LEADERSHIP IN WIND ENERGY." Alternative Energy and Ecology (ISJAEE), no. 22-24 (November 5, 2018): 59–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.15518/isjaee.2018.22-24.059-067.
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The article provides the analysis of performance efficiency of various designs of wind turbines with a horizontal and vertical axis of rotation and reveals the advantages and disadvantages of each design and possibility of each of them to work effectively in the conditions of the wind mode of Russia. As a result, we have concluded that the wind turbines with a vertical axis of rotation using the principle of the differential front resistance are most adapted for the further development of wind energy since these wind turbines are capable to work at very small wind speeds and are more adapted for further improvement. Moreover, we have made the recommendations for removal of disadvantages and development of advantages of these wind turbines. The article offers a number of patents which can regulate the angular speed of rotation of the wind turbine, the size of the rotating moment and, accordingly, its power depending on the natural wind speed. In particular, there is a patent for a design of the blade with varying dimensions depending on the air stream; the introduction of such device will increase the aerodynamic characteristics of the blade. The use of the wind guide screens allows us to start the wind turbine at wind speed from 0.5 m/s. It promotes the effective performance in the range of wind speed from 0.5 m/s to 4.5 m/s, and the wind guide screens regulate the air stream velocity in the wind turbine volume at speed from 4.5 m/s to 15.0 m/s. At gale-force winds, the wind guide screens are capable of cover the wind turbine preventing its destruction. The use of such wind turbines will positively affect the development of wind energy in Russia.
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Sandhu, Navjot Singh, and Saurabh Chanana. "Performance and Economic Analysis of Multi-Rotor Wind Turbine." EMITTER International Journal of Engineering Technology 6, no. 2 (December 29, 2018): 289–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.24003/emitter.v6i2.298.
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Power production of a wind turbine is dependent upon its rotor size and at present wind turbines with large rotor diameter (>175 m) are available in the market. However major problems associated with such large size conventional turbines are their cost & noise pollution. Due to these reason researchers have diverted their attention towards lower sized equivalent multi-rotor wind turbines. These turbines are found to be cheaper and good performers. Keeping it in view, in this paper an effort has been made to compare the energy yield and economics of two types of wind turbines i.e. single rotor & multi rotor wind turbine. Power, energy and cost models as proposed are used to determine the annual energy yield and economics of multi-rotor turbines. Simulation results as presented in this paper justify the suitability of multi-rotor wind turbine in place of single rotor configuration. Such turbines deliver more energy yield with low installation cost in contrast to single rotor turbines.
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Ozturk, Samet, Vasilis Fthenakis, and Stefan Faulstich. "Assessing the Factors Impacting on the Reliability of Wind Turbines via Survival Analysis—A Case Study." Energies 11, no. 11 (November 5, 2018): 3034. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11113034.
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The failure of wind turbines is a multi-faceted problem and its monetary impact is often unpredictable. In this study, we present a novel application of survival analysis on wind turbine reliability, including accounting for previous failures and the history of scheduled maintenance. We investigated the operational, climatic and geographical factors that affect wind turbine failure and modeled the risk rate of wind turbine failure based on data from 109 turbines in Germany operating for a period of 19 years. Our analysis showed that adequately scheduled maintenance can increase the survival of wind turbine systems and electric subsystems up to 2.8 and 3.8 times, respectively, compared to the systems without scheduled maintenance. Geared-drive wind turbines and their electrical systems were observed to have 1.2- and 1.4- times higher survival, respectively, compared to direct-drive turbines and their electrical systems. It was also found that the survival of frequently-failing wind turbine components, such as switches, was worse in geared-drive than in direct-drive wind turbines. We show that survival analysis is a useful tool to guide the reduction of the operating and maintenance costs of wind turbines.
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Yang, Ming Li, San Ming Liu, Yong Hai Lv, Yang Zou, and Guo Dong Ding. "The Real-Time Wind Turbine Fault Diagnosis Method Based on Safety Evaluation Model." Advanced Materials Research 953-954 (June 2014): 453–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.953-954.453.
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In order to determine the best maintenance time of wind turbines and identify the fault type when it is the best time to do the diagnosis work immediately. The establishment of 4-level safety status model for critical parts of wind turbines, based on wind turbine parts’ significance level, was proposed. According to the corresponding safety level of the wind turbines in real-time working status, you can decide whether the wind turbine needs diagnosis at the time or not. Therefore, we should take measures to monitor the real-time working conditions of the wind turbine’s critical parts, confirming whether the critical part need the fault diagnosis analysis or not according to its real-time working safety status. If it is the right time, then the corresponding fault diagnosis process will be initiated, through which the real online fault diagnosis can be achieved. The multi-scale wavelet decomposition and Hilbert transformation was employed to get the useful parameters such as amplitude, effective value, mean value, kurtosis value and so on of the corresponding waveform to confirm the concrete diagnosis type.
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Dhanan Arieyasa, I. W., Cok G. Indra Partha, and I. W. Sukerayasa. "ANALISIS PERBANDINGAN UNJUK KERJA WIND TURBINE TSD-500 DAN GH – 0.5K DI PILOT SMART GRID TEKNIK ELEKTRO UNIVERSITAS UDAYANA." Jurnal SPEKTRUM 7, no. 1 (March 7, 2020): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/spektrum.2020.v07.i01.p7.
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Wind power generation is a power plant that converts kinetic energy into electrical energy by utilizing wind as its energy source. The Smart Grid Pilot Project in Microgrid, Udayana University's Electrical Engineering Study Program has a wind power plant for research. The wind power plants in the Smart Grid Pilot Project in Microgrid Udayana University's Electrical Engineering Study Program totaled 10 turbines with rated power of 500 Watt each, from 10 wind turbines there are 8 wind turbines with TSD-500 models made in Indonesia and 2 wind turbines with GH-0.5K models made in China. The data logger contained in the Pilot Smart Grind in Electrical Engineering, Udayana University, logs 10 wind turbines at a time, so the output power of each wind turbine is unknown. Performance analysis of wind turbine TDS-500 and GH-0.5K using a measuring instrument based on the ATmega 328 microcontroller so that it can find out which wind turbine is larger which results in better power output and performance. The results of this study indicate that the TSD-500 wind turbine performance is better than the GH-0.5K wind turbine.
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Rajput, Himanshu, Anil Gupta, Harihar Sah, Manoj Gattani, and Raj kumar Satankar. "Design and development of the divergent wind turbine." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1084, no. 1 (October 1, 2022): 012075. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1084/1/012075.
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Abstract Wind energy is a prime source of renewable energy nowadays. Wind energy is converted to electrical energy with the help of wind turbines. There is various kind of wind turbines depending upon their axis and shape. The wind turbine which we have designed is a vertical axis helical wind turbine that is circular. Going from top to bottom, the diameter of the circular blades increases. The diameter at the top is the lowest and at the bottom it is maximum. Such a design is proposed to utilize the maximum wind pressure created by vehicles on road. Positive results have been received by testing the wind turbines on CFD simulation. Three different kinds of wind turbines have been tested under the same conditions on different parameters. Wind turbines having 4 blades have been compared with curved blade wind turbines with the respective amount of blades, and results are drawn.
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Doerffer, Piotr, Krzysztof Doerffer, Tomasz Ochrymiuk, and Janusz Telega. "Variable Size Twin-Rotor Wind Turbine." Energies 12, no. 13 (July 2, 2019): 2543. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12132543.
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The paper presents a new concept of a vertical axis wind turbine. The idea is focused on small wind turbines, and therefore, the dominating quality is safety. Another important necessary feature is efficient operation at small winds. This implies an application of the drag driven solution such as the Savonius rotor. The presented concept is aimed at reducing the rotor size and the cost of implementation. A new wind turbine solution, its efficiency, and functionality are described. The results of numerical simulations being a proof of the concept are reported. The simulations were followed by wind tunnel tests. Finally several prototypes were built and investigated for a longer period of time. The new wind turbine concept has undergone various testing and implementation efforts, making this idea matured, well proven and documented. A new feature, namely, the wind turbine size reduction at strong winds, or in other words, an increase in the wind turbine size at low winds is the reason why it is difficult to compare this turbine with other turbines on the market. The power output depends not only on the turbine efficiency but also on its varying size.
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Knysh, L. I. "ON POTENTIAL OF USING WIND TURBINES WITH COAXIAL WIND ROTORS FOR AUTONOMOUS POWER SUPPLY." Alternative Energy and Ecology (ISJAEE), no. 25-30 (December 7, 2018): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.15518/isjaee.2018.25-30.025-033.
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The paper presents the experimental research results for the horizontal-axis wind turbine with coaxial wind rotors. It is assumed that such coaxial layout of the wind turbine can be used for designing of the wind energy systems with relatively low capacity and limited location area since the coaxial systems have advantages in overall dimensions and maximum using of the swept area. Possibility of coaxial horizontal-axis wind turbines usage is determined by positive or negative effect of turbines on each other. Literature review shows that closely spaced wind turbines can generally improve flow characteristics under certain conditions and consequently increase wind energy system efficiency. We have carried out the experiments in T-5 wind tunnel with two coaxial model two-bladed wind turbines which rotate in opposite directions. The generator of the first turbine and first turbine itself are located on the same shaft in the test section of wind tunnel. The second generator is in a lower compartment of the experimental setup and is connected by the transmission. We have measured the dynamic, energy and frequency characteristics of wind energy systems based on created experimental setup. A Pitot tube and automatic metering devises have measured the dynamic parameters and energy performance respectively. A frequency counter has saved all of the data obtained with the laser frequency measurement technique. The experiment has some specific technical features so the data received need to be corrected. The coaxial wind turbine power has decreased in comparison to isolated wind turbine at low wind speed. The return flows reinforce turbulence so wind speed falls. If wind speed increases, the impact of the return flows decreases, the coaxial wind turbine capacity significantly grows and exceeds isolated turbine capacity. The possibility of using wind turbines with coaxial wind rotors for autonomous power supply is shown. Such wind turbines are perspective and require more detailed analysis.
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Putri, Salsabillah Shiva, Sudarti ., and Yushardi . "Analisis Cara Kerja Turbin Angin Sumbu Vertikal." Jurnal Pendidikan, Sains Dan Teknologi 2, no. 2 (December 7, 2023): 1034–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.47233/jpst.v2i2.1356.
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Wind is the movement of air from an area with high pressure to an area with low pressure. Wind energy is one of the many abundant renewable energies. One example of the use of wind energy in Indonesia is the Wind Power Plant. A vertical axis wind turbine is a wind turbine that moves vertically where its axis is perpendicular to the ground surface. The advantage of this vertical axis windmill is that the turbine is not always directed towards the wind. The disadvantage of vertical axis wind turbines is that their efficiency is lower than horizontal axis wind turbines because there is lower wind speed and air resistance. In this article we will explain about vertical axis wind turbines, Wind Power Plants, and how wind turbines work. The research method used in writing this article is the literature study research method by reviewing several articles. From the research that has been carried out, the results obtained are an understanding of vertical axis wind turbines and wind power plants.
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Seifert, Janna Kristina, Martin Kraft, Martin Kühn, and Laura J. Lukassen. "Correlations of power output fluctuations in an offshore wind farm using high-resolution SCADA data." Wind Energy Science 6, no. 4 (July 23, 2021): 997–1014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/wes-6-997-2021.
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Abstract. Space–time correlations of power output fluctuations of wind turbine pairs provide information on the flow conditions within a wind farm and the interactions of wind turbines. Such information can play an essential role in controlling wind turbines and short-term load or power forecasting. However, the challenges of analysing correlations of power output fluctuations in a wind farm are the highly varying flow conditions. Here, we present an approach to investigate space–time correlations of power output fluctuations of streamwise-aligned wind turbine pairs based on high-resolution supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) data. The proposed approach overcomes the challenge of spatially variable and temporally variable flow conditions within the wind farm. We analyse the influences of the different statistics of the power output of wind turbines on the correlations of power output fluctuations based on 8 months of measurements from an offshore wind farm with 80 wind turbines. First, we assess the effect of the wind direction on the correlations of power output fluctuations of wind turbine pairs. We show that the correlations are highest for the streamwise-aligned wind turbine pairs and decrease when the mean wind direction changes its angle to be more perpendicular to the pair. Further, we show that the correlations for streamwise-aligned wind turbine pairs depend on the location of the wind turbines within the wind farm and on their inflow conditions (free stream or wake). Our primary result is that the standard deviations of the power output fluctuations and the normalised power difference of the wind turbines in a pair can characterise the correlations of power output fluctuations of streamwise-aligned wind turbine pairs. Further, we show that clustering can be used to identify different correlation curves. For this, we employ the data-driven k-means clustering algorithm to cluster the standard deviations of the power output fluctuations of the wind turbines and the normalised power difference of the wind turbines in a pair. Thereby, wind turbine pairs with similar power output fluctuation correlations are clustered independently from their location. With this, we account for the highly variable flow conditions inside a wind farm, which unpredictably influence the correlations.
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Watanabe, Seiya, and Changhong Hu. "Lattice Boltzmann simulation for wake interactions of aligned wind turbines using actuator line model with turbine control." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2767, no. 5 (June 1, 2024): 052020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2767/5/052020.
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Abstract A wind turbine wake causes a decrease in wind speed and an increase in turbulence intensity. The wind turbine wake interaction is essential for predicting the power output of a wind farm consisting of many wind turbines. This research proposes a CFD method able to reproduce wake interactions and power outputs of multiple wind turbines with high speed and accuracy. Large eddy simulations with the lattice Boltzmann method are used for fluid calculations, specifically for large-scale CFD simulations. The wind turbines are represented using an actuator line model. Optimal power generation efficiency is achieved by controlling the rotor speed and blade pitch angle. Large-scale simulations of eight aligned wind turbines are conducted using 1.75 billion grid points and 40 GPUs. We compare two cases with and without control to investigate the effect of turbine control on wake and power output. Both the instantaneous and mean streamwise velocities confirm that the turbine control reduces the wake velocity deficit of the downwind wind turbine. High-speed inflow of wind to the downstream turbines augments their power output. With implementation of turbine control, the power outputs of the downstream turbines agree well with the observation data obtained in an earlier study. The results demonstrate the importance of controlling the rotational speed and pitch angle for actuator line simulations.
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Cai, Xin, Yazhou Wang, Bofeng Xu, and Junheng Feng. "Performance and Effect of Load Mitigation of a Trailing-Edge Flap in a Large-Scale Offshore Wind Turbine." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, no. 2 (January 23, 2020): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse8020072.
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As a result of the large-scale trend of offshore wind turbines, wind shear and turbulent wind conditions cause significant fluctuations of the wind turbine’s torque and thrust, which significantly affect the service life of the wind turbine gearbox and the power output stability. The use of a trailing-edge flap is proposed as a supplement to the pitch control to mitigate the load fluctuations of large-scale offshore wind turbines. A wind turbine rotor model with a trailing-edge flap is established by using the free vortex wake (FVW) model. The effects of the deflection angle of the trailing-edge flap on the load distribution of the blades and wake flow field of the offshore wind turbine are analyzed. The wind turbine load response under the control of the trailing-edge flap is obtained by simulating shear wind and turbulent wind conditions. The results show that a better control effect can be achieved in the high wind speed condition because the average angle of attack of the blade profile is small. The trailing-edge flap significantly changes the load distribution of the blade and the wake field and mitigates the low-frequency torque and thrust fluctuations of the turbine rotor under the action of wind shear and turbulent wind.
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Simani, Silvio, Saverio Farsoni, and Paolo Castaldi. "Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition for Fault Diagnosis of Wind Turbines via Deep Transfer Learning." Energies 16, no. 9 (April 24, 2023): 3644. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16093644.
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The installed wind power capacity is growing worldwide. Remote condition monitoring of wind turbines is employed to achieve higher up-times and lower maintenance costs. Machine learning approaches can be used for detecting developing faults in wind turbines in their earlier occurrence. However, training fault detection models may require large amounts of past and present data. These data are often not available or not representative of the current operation behaviour. These data can be acquired with supervisory control and data acquisition systems. Note also that newly commissioned wind farms lack data from previous operation, whilst older installations may also lack representative working condition data as a result of control software updates or component replacements. After such events, a turbine’s operation behaviour can change significantly so its data are no longer representative of its current behaviour. Therefore, this paper shows that cross–turbine transfer learning can improve the accuracy of fault detection models in turbines with scarce data from supervisory control and data acquisition systems. In particular, it highlights that combining the knowledge from turbines with scarce data and turbines with plentiful data enables earlier detection of faults than prior art methods. In this way, the reuse and the knowledge transfer across wind turbines allows us to overcome this lack of data, thus enabling accurate fault detection in wind turbines.
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Dickler, Sebastian, Thorben Wintermeyer-Kallen, János Zierath, Reik Bockhahn, Dirk Machost, Thomas Konrad, and Dirk Abel. "Full-scale field test of a model predictive control system for a 3 MW wind turbine." Forschung im Ingenieurwesen 85, no. 2 (April 9, 2021): 313–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10010-021-00467-w.
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AbstractModel predictive control (MPC) is a strong candidate for modern wind turbine control. While the design of model predictive wind turbine controllers in simulations has been extensively investigated in academic studies, the application of these controllers to real wind turbines reveals open research challenges. In this work, we focus on the validation of a linear time-variant MPC system for a 3 MW wind turbine in a full-scale field test. First, the study proves the MPC’s capability to control the real wind turbine in the partial load region. Compared to the turbine’s baseline PID controller, the MPC system offers similar results for the electrical power output and for the occurring mechanical loads. Second, the study validates a previously proposed, simulation-based rapid control prototyping process for a systematic MPC development. The systematic development process allows to completely design and parameterize the MPC system in a simulative environment independent of the real wind turbine. Through the rapid control prototyping process, the MPC commissioning in the wind turbine’s programmable logic controller can be realized within a few hours without any modifications required in the field. Thus, this study establishes the proof of concept for a linear time-variant MPC system for a 3 MW wind turbine in a full-scale field test and bridges the gap between the control design and field testing of MPC systems for wind turbines in the multi-megawatt range.
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Cao, Jiufa, Weijun Zhu, Xinbo Wu, Tongguang Wang, and Haoran Xu. "An Aero-acoustic Noise Distribution Prediction Methodology for Offshore Wind Farms." Energies 12, no. 1 (December 21, 2018): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12010018.
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Recently attention has been paid to wind farm noise due to its negative health impact, not only on human beings, but also to marine and terrestrial organisms. The current work proposes a numerical methodology to generate a numerical noise map for a given wind farm. Noise generation from single wind turbines as well as wind farms has its basis in the nature of aerodynamics, caused by the interactions between the incoming turbulent flow and the wind turbine blades. Hence, understanding the mechanisms of airfoil noise generation, demands access to sophisticated numerical tools. The processes of modeling wind farm noise include three steps: (1) The whole wind farm velocity distributions are modelled with an improved Jensen’s wake model; (2) The individual wind turbine’s noise is simulated by a semi-empirical wind turbine noise source model; (3) Propagations of noise from all wind turbines are carried out by solving the parabolic wave equation. In the paper, the wind farm wake effect from the Horns Rev wind farm is studied. Based on the resulted wind speed distributions in the wind farm, the wind turbine noise source and its propagation are simulated for the whole wind farm.
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Susilo, Topan Yuli, Ranto Ranto, and Ngatou Rohman. "Pengembangan E-Modul Turbin Angin (Savonius Heliks) dengan Model 4-D Pada Mata Kuliah Energi Terbarukan di Prodi Pendidikan Teknik Mesin Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta." NOZEL Jurnal Pendidikan Teknik Mesin 5, no. 4 (October 6, 2023): 237. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/nozel.v5i4.77361.
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Renewable energy technologies are currently being developed, one of which is wind turbines. There are two types of wind turbines, namely the vertical axis and the horizontal axis. One of the horizontal wind turbines is the helical savonius. The development of this technology can help the development of renewable energy. The Mechanical Engineering Education study program is testing wind turbines to help students understand wind turbine technology. Through this research a practicum module will be created to assist students in carrying out wind turbine practicum.This electronic module validates the material and media. The results of the material validation stated the suitability of the material in accordance with the material on wind turbines that had been taught in wind turbine courses. The results of the media validation state that the design is attractive and easy to read so that students can understand the electronic module.
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Kuwana, Anna, Xue Yan Bai, Dan Yao, and Haruo Kobayashi. "Numerical Simulation for the Starting Characteristics of a Wind Turbine." Advanced Engineering Forum 38 (November 2020): 215–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.38.215.
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There are many types of wind turbine. Large propeller-type wind turbines are used mainly for large wind farms and offshore wind power generation. Small vertical-axis wind turbines (VAWTs) are often used in distributed energy systems. In previous studies on wind turbines, the basic characteristics such as torque coefficient have often been obtained during rotation, with the turbine rotating at a constant speed. Such studies are necessary for the proper design of wind turbines. However, it is also necessary to conduct research under conditions in which the wind direction and wind speed change over time. Numerical simulation of the starting characteristics is carried out in this study. Based on the flow field around the wind turbine, the force required to rotate the turbine is calculated. The force used to stop the turbine is modeled based on friction in relation to the bearing. Equations for the motion of the turbine are solved by their use as external force. Wind turbine operation from the stationary state to the start of rotation is simulated. Five parameters, namely, blade length, wind turbine radius, overlap, gap, and blade thickness, are changed and the optimum shape is obtained. The simulation results tend to qualitatively agree with the experimental results for steadily rotating wind turbines in terms of two aspects: (1) the optimal shape has an 20% overlap of the turbine radius, and (2) the larger the gap, the lower the efficiency.
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TARASENKO, Mykola, Kateryna KOZAK, Lukman OMEIZA, and Myroslav ZIN. "EFFICIENCY ANALYSIS OF USING TYPICAL AND ATYPICAL WIND ENERGY INSTALATIONS." Herald of Khmelnytskyi National University. Technical sciences 319, no. 2 (April 27, 2023): 391–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2307-5732-2023-319-1-391-400.
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The article analyzes the energy efficiency of typical wind turbines (Savonius, Musgrave, Evans, Darier, Magnus, Lentz) and non-typical wind turbines (carousel-petal, double, powerful wind turbines operating on the basis of the Magnus effect, stationary turbine-type wind turbines, airship wind turbines filled with helium ), Sklyarov wind turbine, wind generators, constructions of various wind energy types installations in terms of axis location – vertically axial or horizontally axial, the limit value of the coefficient of wind energy utilization (СWEU), the influence of the control voltage regulator on the reliability and durability of the wind power plant, effectiveness of using confusors and guides for increasing the energy of the wind flow, the efficiency of compact derivative gears and flying wind generators, protection against lightning and overvoltage’s and noise, coefficient of wind flow inhibition etc. It also has been analyzed the effectiveness of the shape of the wind wheel blade and the rotor, the influence of the average annual wind speed and the equivalent number of hours of nominal power generation on the decision-making on the installation of powerful wind turbines, the influence of the number of blades on the speed, the energy efficiency of the wind energy installation of the Sheer Wind company, Air Grey and stationary wind generators, protection against lightning and overvoltage, an approximate determination of the capacity of any wind power plant. It has been established that the speed of the rotor rotation in wind turbines of similar power differs by several times. The number, width, and length of the blades of classic wind turbines with a horizontal axis of rotation and the speed of rotation of the rotor of wind turbines similar in power, which differ by several times, were analyzed.
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Gong, Sen, Kai Pan, Hua Yang, and Junwei Yang. "Experimental Study on the Effect of the Blade Tip Distance on the Power and the Wake Recovery with Small Multi-Rotor Wind Turbines." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 11, no. 5 (April 22, 2023): 891. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse11050891.
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In order to investigate the output power and wake velocity of small multi-rotor wind turbines compared to single-rotor wind turbines, which operate in the same swept area at various blade tip distances, this paper used the wind tunnel test method to examine single-rotor wind turbines with diameter D of 0.4 m and 0.34 m corresponding to the triple-rotor wind turbines and double-rotor wind turbines with a single rotor diameter D of 0.24 m, respectively. The experimental results indicated that, without rotation speed control, the triple-rotor wind turbine produced more power than the single-rotor wind turbine with an equivalent swept area and that the output power tended to rise initially and then fall as the distance between each rotor increased. Moreover, the power increase reached a maximum of 8.4% at the 0.4D blade tip distance. In terms of wake measurement, triple-rotor wind turbines had smaller wake losses and faster recovery rates than single-rotor wind turbines. The smaller the blade tip distance, the earlier the wake merged and fused and the faster the recovery rate. In designing small multi-rotor wind turbines, the above discussion can serve as a guide.
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Andrienko, P. D., D. G. Alekseevskiy, O. V. Blyzniakov, O. V. Nemykina, and I. Yu Nemudriy. "EFFICIENCY ANALYSIS OF ELECTROMECHANICAL CONVERSION SYSTEMS OF WIND TURBINES WITH AERODYNAMIC MULTIPLICATION." Tekhnichna Elektrodynamika 2023, no. 6 (November 13, 2023): 44–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/techned2023.06.044.
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In this article, we have considered the state of development of high-power horizontal wind turbines. The most common wind turbines for operation with variable wind flow speed usually include a frequency converter to ensure the compatibility of generator with network. It leads to decrease in the efficiency of wind energy conversion system, while the use of direct connection of the generator to the axis of wind wheel leads to a significant increase in the weight and cost of the generator. The wind turbine with aerodynamic multiplication is an alternative to such systems. Its prototype with 750 kW power is manufactured and studied in Ukraine. This wind energy conversion system with the synchronous or induction generators offers the property to generate energy under optimal condition with invariable rotational speed of generator rotor within the wide range of variable speed of wind flow. In this case, it is not necessary to apply the frequency converter that contributes to increasing the efficiency and reducing the cost of wind turbine. As shown, the relative performances of mass, cost and efficiency of generators in proposed system comparatively to conventional one depend on the multiplication factor (i.e. ratio of the rotational speeds of wind turbine and generator). When the power of wind turbines is from 750 to 2500 kW, the multiplication factor is within the limits of 10.72 to 4.75. The theoretical and experimental study shows that the wind turbines with aerodynamic multiplication can be competitive as compared to conventional horizontal wind turbines. This article is aimed to comparative analysis of the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the equipment used in high-power horizontal wind turbines with direct connection of generators to the axis of wind turbine and in wind turbines with aerodynamic multiplication. References 27, tables 1, figures 6.
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Murgia, Alessandro, Henrique Cabral, Elena Tsiporkova, Davide Astolfi, and Ludovico Terzi. "Data-driven characterization of performance trends in ageing wind turbines." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2507, no. 1 (May 1, 2023): 012019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2507/1/012019.
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Abstract The precise quantification of wind turbine long- and short-term performance is crucial to assess the health state of ageing turbines and to evaluate the benefit of maintenance activities. Indeed, during its lifetime, wind turbines can experience a decay in terms of performance (e.g. due to wear) or improvement (e.g. due to technology optimizations). For this reason, we developed an integrated data-driven methodology to characterize the long- and short-term performance trends and performance variability in turbines. The methodology is validated on a synthetic dataset with imposed decay and then tested on a real wind farm operated by Engie Italy and composed of seven turbines for which ten years of SCADA data are collected. We show how this methodology accurately captures the evolution of a turbine’s performance and how it is capable of quantifying the impact of the controller update.
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Sclavounos, Paul. "Floating Offshore Wind Turbines." Marine Technology Society Journal 42, no. 2 (June 1, 2008): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/002533208786829151.
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Wind is a rapidly growing renewable energy source, increasing at an annual rate of 30%, with the vast majority of wind power generated from onshore wind farms. The growth of these facilities, however, is limited by the lack of inexpensive land near major population centers and the visual impact caused by large wind turbines.Wind energy generated from floating offshore wind farms is the next frontier. Vast sea areas with stronger and steadier winds are available for wind farm development and 5 MW wind turbine towers located 20 miles from the coastline are invisible. Current offshore wind turbines are supported by monopoles driven into the seafloor or other bottom mounted structures at coastal sites a few miles from shore and in water depths of 10-15 m. The primary impediment to their growth is their prohibitive cost as the water depth increases.This article discusses the technologies and the economics associated with the development of motion resistant floating offshore wind turbines drawing upon a seven-year research effort at MIT. Two families of floater concepts are discussed, inspired by developments in the oil and gas industry for the deep water exploration of hydrocarbon reservoirs. The interaction of the floater response dynamics in severe weather with that of the wind turbine system is addressed and the impact of this coupling on the design of the new generation of multi-megawatt wind turbines for offshore deployment is discussed. The primary economic drivers affecting the development of utility scale floating offshore wind farms are also addressed.
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Kurniawati, Diniar Mungil. "Investigasi Performa Turbin Angin Crossflow Dengan Simulasi Numerik 2D." JTT (Jurnal Teknologi Terpadu) 8, no. 1 (April 27, 2020): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.32487/jtt.v8i1.762.
Full textAbstract:
Wind turbine is a solution to harness of renewable energy because it requires wind as the main energy. Wind turbine work by extracting wind energy into electrical energy. Crossflow wind turbine is one of the wind turbines that are developed because it does not need wind direction to produce maximum efficiency. Crossflow wind turbines work with the concept of multiple interactions, namely in the first interaction the wind hits the first level of turbine blades, then the interaction of the two winds, the remainder of the first interaction enters the second level blades before leaving the wind turbine. In the design of crossflow wind turbine the diameter ratio and slope angle are important factors that influence to determine of performance in crossflow wind turbine. In this study varied the angle of slope 90 ° and variations in diameter ratio of 0.6 and 0.7. The study aimed to analyze the effect of diameter ratio and slope angle in performance of the crossflow wind turbine. This research was conducted with numerical simulation through 2D CFD modeling. The results showed that the best performance of crossflow wind turbine occurred at diameter ratio variation 0.7 in TSR 0.3 with the best CP value 0.34.
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Hosseini, Amir, Daniel Trevor Cannon, and Ahmad Vasel-Be-Hagh. "Tip Speed Ratio Optimization: More Energy Production with Reduced Rotor Speed." Wind 2, no. 4 (October 31, 2022): 691–711. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wind2040036.
Full textAbstract:
A wind turbine’s tip speed ratio (TSR) is the linear speed of the blade’s tip, normalized by the incoming wind speed. For a given blade profile, there is a TSR that maximizes the turbine’s efficiency. The industry’s current practice is to impose the same TSR that maximizes the efficiency of a single, isolated wind turbine on every turbine of a wind farm. This article proves that this strategy is wrong. The article demonstrates that in every wind direction, there is always a subset of turbines that needs to operate at non-efficient conditions to provide more energy to some of their downstream counterparts to boost the farm’s overall production. The aerodynamic interactions between the turbines cause this. The authors employed the well-known Jensen wake model in concert with Particle Swarm Optimization to demonstrate the effectiveness of this strategy at Lillgrund, a wind farm in Sweden. The model’s formulation and implementation were validated using large-eddy simulation results. The AEP of Lillgrund increased by approximately 4% by optimizing and actively controlling the TSR. This strategy also decreased the farm’s overall TSR, defined as the average TSR of the turbines, by 8%, leading to several structural and environmental benefits. Note that both these values are farm-dependent and change from one farm to another; hence, this research serves as a proof of concept.
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Schottler, Jannik, Agnieszka Hölling, Joachim Peinke, and Michael Hölling. "Brief communication: On the influence of vertical wind shear on the combined power output of two model wind turbines in yaw." Wind Energy Science 2, no. 2 (August 22, 2017): 439–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/wes-2-439-2017.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. The effect of vertical wind shear on the total power output of two aligned model wind turbines as a function of yaw misalignment of the upstream turbine is studied experimentally. It is shown that asymmetries of the power output of the downstream turbine and the combined power of both with respect to the upstream turbine's yaw misalignment angle can be linked to the vertical wind shear of the inflow.
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Amrender Singh, Bachhal, Vogstad Klaus, Lal Kolhe Mohan, Chougule Abhijit, and Beyer Hans George. "Wake and Turbulence Analysis for Wind Turbine Layouts in an Island." E3S Web of Conferences 64 (2018): 06010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20186406010.
Full textAbstract:
There is a big wind energy potential in supplying the power in an island and most of the islands are off-grid. Due to the limited area in island(s), there is need to find appropriate layout / location for wind turbines suited to the local wind conditions. In this paper, we have considered the wind resources data of an island in Trøndelag region of the Northern Norway, situated on the coastal line. The wind resources data of this island have been analysed for wake losses and turbulence on wind turbines for determining appropriate locations of wind turbines in this island. These analyses are very important for understanding the fatigue and mechanical stress on the wind turbines. In this work, semi empirical wake model has been used for wake losses analysis with wind speed and turbine spacings. The Jensen wake model used for the wake loss analysis due to its high degree of accuracy and the Frandsen model for characterizing the turbulent loading. The variations of the losses in the wind energy production of the down-wind turbine relative to the up-wind turbine and, the down-stream turbulence have been analysed for various turbine distances. The special emphasis has been taken for the case of wind turbine spacing, leading to the turbulence conditions for satisfying the IEC 61400-1 conditions to find the wind turbine layout in this island. The energy production of down-wind turbines has been decreased from 2 to 20% due to the lower wind speeds as they are located behind up-wind turbine, resulting in decreasing the overall energy production of the wind farm. Also, the higher wake losses have contributed to the effective turbulence, which has reduced the overall energy production from the wind farm. In this case study, the required distance for wind turbines have been changed to 6 rotor diameters for increasing the energy gain. From the results, it has been estimated that the marginal change in wake losses by moving the down-stream wind turbine by one rotor diameter distance has been in the range of 0.5 to 1% only and it is insignificant. In the full-length paper, the wake effects with wind speed variations and the wind turbine locations will be reported for reducing the wake losses on the down-stream wind turbine. The Frandsen model has been used for analysing turbulence loading on the down-stream wind turbine as per IEC 61400-1 criteria. In larger wind farms, the high turbulence from the up-stream wind turbines increases the fatigues on the turbines of the wind farm. In this work, we have used the effective turbulence criteria at a certain distance between up-stream and down-stream turbines for minimizing the fatigue load level. The sensitivity analysis on wake and turbulence analysis will be reported in the full-length paper. Results from this work will be useful for finding wind farm layouts in an island for utilizing effectively the wind energy resources and electrification using wind power plants.
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Handsaker, Samuel, Iheanyichukwu Ogbonna, and Konstantin Volkov. "CFD Prediction of Performance of Wind Turbines Integrated in the Existing Civil Infrastructure." Sustainability 13, no. 15 (July 30, 2021): 8514. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13158514.
Full textAbstract:
Power generation from wind energy is almost entirely performed in rural locations or at sea, and very little attention has been given to the use of wind turbines in urban locations. Since the re-emergence of wind turbines, the majority of their applications are in large commercial wind farms in rural areas or out at sea, and there is an increasing focus on the use of wind turbines within an urban environment possibly using existing structures, such as bridges and viaducts. There are very few existing buildings which have been designed from the ground-up to include wind turbines in the structure. In order to estimate the wind resources and the performance of a turbine at a particular site, a CFD model is designed and CFD calculations are performed. In order to simplify the modelling of a wind turbine actuator, disc theory is applied. Actuator disc theory is used, as it allows the aerodynamic behaviour of a wind turbine to be analyzed by just considering the energy extraction process without a specific wind turbine design. The power output of wind turbines installed beneath an already existing civil infrastructure is determined and analyzed.
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Khammas, Farhan Ahmed, Kadhim Hussein Suffer, Ryspek Usubamatov, and Mohmmad Taufiq Mustaffa. "Overview of Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT) is one of the Wind Energy Application." Applied Mechanics and Materials 793 (September 2015): 388–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.793.388.
Full textAbstract:
This paper reviews the available types of wind turbine which is one of the wind energy applications. The authors intend to give investors a better idea of which turbine is suitable for a particular setting and to provide a new outlook on vertical axis wind turbines. Wind technology has grown substantially since its original use as a method to grind grains and will only continue to grow. Vertical-axis wind turbines are more compact and suitable for residential and commercial areas while horizontal-axis wind turbines are more suitable for wind farms in rural areas or offshore. However, technological advances in vertical axis wind turbines that are able to generate more energy with a smaller footprint are now challenging the traditional use of horizontal wind turbines in wind farms. Vertical axis wind turbines do not need to be oriented to the wind direction and offer direct rotary output to a ground-level load, making them particularly suitable for water pumping, heating, purification and aeration, as well as stand-alone electricity generation. The use of high efficiency Darrieus turbines for such applications is virtually prohibited by their inherent inability to self-start.