Journal articles: 'Wind energy conversion systems Stability'

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Jayashri, R., and R. P. Kumudini Devi. "Rotor Speed Stability of Grid Connected Wind Energy Conversion Systems." Wind Engineering 31, no. 6 (December 2007): 475–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/030952407784079726.

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B S, Yogananda, and Dr K. Thippeswamy. "Improvement of Power Quality in Wind Energy Conversion Systems." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 5 (May 31, 2022): 12–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.41877.

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Abstract: Wind Energy Conversion Systems (WECS) show variability in their output power as a result of changing their main engines (wind speed). This introduces a new grid uncertainty factor and poses many challenges to electricity system designers and utilities in terms of grid network integrity, ie power system security, power system stability and power quality. This paper discusses the various challenges of wind energy when integrated into the grid and identifies different mitigation strategies for its smooth integration. Keywords: wind energy system, Power quality, Power filters, Reactive Power, controllers

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Shrivastava, Sarika, Rakhi Sharma, and Anurag Tripathi. "Voltage Stability Enhancement of Fixed Speed Wind Energy Conversion System." Global Journal of Enterprise Information System 9, no. 1 (May 5, 2017): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.18311/gjeis/2017/15876.

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Fixed speed wind energy conversion systems based on squirrel cage induction generator (SCIG) has a significant existence in wind energy technology. Availability of reactive power is obligatory for the reliable and stable performance of the power system. Insufficient reactive power has navigated to voltage collapses and has been a foremost source of various recent major power outages universally. This paper exhibits the simulation results of a grid integrated wind farm with and without reactive power compensation by capacitor banks and static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) to achieve voltage stability improvement during startup, normal operation, symmetrical and unsymmetrical fault conditions. The effect of reactive power compensation on voltage profile is compared.

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Abubakar, Ukashatu, Saad Mekhilef, Hazlie Mokhlis, Mehdi Seyedmahmoudian, Ben Horan, Alex Stojcevski, Hussain Bassi, and Muhyaddin Hosin Rawa. "Transient Faults in Wind Energy Conversion Systems: Analysis, Modelling Methodologies and Remedies." Energies 11, no. 9 (August 27, 2018): 2249. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11092249.

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This paper presents an in-depth review of classical and state-of-the-art models for analysing the transient stability in wind energy conversion systems. Various transient simulation models for a number of wind turbine generator (WTG) configurations are introduced, under different disturbances. The mitigation is achieved, by manipulating the generator speed and power electronics control, whereas the protection is implemented using conventional, intelligent or digital relays for the safety of sensitive components, in case of transient fault occurrence. The various control systems in WECS are basically employed to transform and regulate the varying frequency, owing to the stochastic nature of wind speed, to the standard 50-Hz or 60-Hz frequency for coupling to an existing electrical utility grid. It has been observed that the control and protection schemes in wind energy systems are concurrently applied. Transient faults in WECSs are a dominant power quality problem especially in the doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG), and often classified as overcurrent or overvoltage transients. These transients are measured using the transient stability index and analysed using the EMTDC/PSCAD software. In addition, the inertia of the rotating masses of wind turbine generators is often characterized by a transient torque, which generates oscillations in power systems.

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Abdelbadie, Heba T. K., Adel T. M. Taha, Hany M. Hasanien, Rania A. Turky, and S. M. Muyeen. "Stability Enhancement of Wind Energy Conversion Systems Based on Optimal Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage Systems Using the Archimedes Optimization Algorithm." Processes 10, no. 2 (February 14, 2022): 366. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10020366.

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Throughout the past several years, the renewable energy contribution and particularly the contribution of wind energy to electrical grid systems increased significantly, along with the problem of keeping the systems stable. This article presents a new optimization technique entitled the Archimedes optimization algorithm (AOA) that enhances the wind energy conversion system’s stability, integrated with a superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) system that uses a proportional integral (PI) controller. The AOA is a modern population technique based on Archimedes’ law of physics. The SMES system has a big impact in integrating wind generators with the electrical grid by regulating the output of wind generators and strengthening the power system’s performance. In this study, the AOA was employed to determine the optimum conditions of the PI controller that regulates the charging and discharging of the SMES system. The simulation outcomes of the AOA, the genetic algorithm (GA), and particle swarm optimization (PSO) were compared to ensure the efficacy of the introduced optimization algorithm. The simulation results showed the effectiveness of the optimally controlled SMES system, using the AOA in smoothing the output power variations and increasing the stability of the system under various operating conditions.

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Shaaban, Hasan, Tamer A. Kawady, and Abdallah El-sherif. "STEP-BY-STEP MODELING OF WIND ENERGY CONVERSION SYSTEMS FOR TRANSIENT STABILITY STUDIES." ERJ. Engineering Research Journal 35, no. 1 (January 1, 2012): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/erjm.2012.67108.

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Mohamad, Ahmed M. I., Mohammadreza Fakhari Moghaddam Arani, and Yasser Abdel-Rady I. Mohamed. "Investigation of Impacts of Wind Source Dynamics and Stability Options in DC Power Systems With Wind Energy Conversion Systems." IEEE Access 8 (2020): 18270–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2966363.

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You, Guodong, Tao Xu, Honglin Su, Xiaoxin Hou, and Jisheng Li. "Fault-Tolerant Control for Actuator Faults of Wind Energy Conversion System." Energies 12, no. 12 (June 19, 2019): 2350. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12122350.

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The problem of robust fault-tolerant control for actuators of nonlinear systems with uncertain parameters is studied in this paper. Takagi–Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy model is used to describe the wind energy conversion system (WECS). Fuzzy dedicated observer (FDO) and fuzzy proportional integral observer (FPIO) are established to reconstruct the system state and actuator fault, respectively. Fuzzy Robust Scheduling Fault-Tolerant Controller (FRSFTC) is designed by parallel distributed compensation (PDC) method, so as to realize the purpose of active fault tolerance for actuator faults and ensure the robust stability of the system. The stability of the closed-loop system is proved by Taylor series, Lyapunov function, and Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMIs). Finally, the simulation results verify that the proposed method is feasible and effective applied to WECS with doubly fed induction generators (DFIG).

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Bellarbi, Samir. "Electromechanical Study the Wind Energy Conversion System Based DFIG and SCIG Generators." International Journal of Mechanics 15 (July 14, 2021): 102–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.46300/9104.2021.15.11.

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Generally speaking, asynchronous generators are used more frequently in medium power in wind energy conversion systems WECS applications. Depending on the power electronics converter used in the specific application, the operation of the asynchronous machine can be controlled in nested speed torque loops, using different torque control algorithms. Because WECS are highly nonlinear systems, but with smooth nonlinearities, a possible optimal control design solution can be the maximum power point tracking MPPT in this paper. This research describes a comparison of the power quality for wind power systems based on two generators: the squirrel-cage induction generator (SCIG), the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG). At first, we simulated SCIG and DFIG in MATLAB/Simulink and investigates the impact of this generators on the power system stability for compare the results and to comment on the best option based on the output characteristics of the generator and wind turbine. The technical objective of this research is to choose the most suitable generator adaptive with changing wind speeds and the most energy production

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K, Malarvizhi, and Baskaran K. "FACTS CONTROLLER FOR ENHANCEMENT OF VOLTAGE STABILITY IN FIXED SPEED WIND ENERGY CONVERSION SYSTEMS." International Journal on Intelligent Electronic Systems 3, no. 2 (2009): 56–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.18000/ijies.30057.

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Bouregba, H., M. Hachemi, M. Bey, and A. Hamidat. "Stability analysis of the pitch angle control of large wind turbines using different controller strategies." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 14, no. 11 (November 2022): 168781322211399. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/16878132221139926.

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Reducing the environmental impact necessitates a boost in renewable energy conversion systems. Wind energy is regarded as one of the most essential energy sources. For this purpose, the high wind variations in the energy conversion chain require robust and reliable control. This research aims to implement a regulation based on artificial intelligence toward a blade orientation mechanism to improve the stability of energy conversion. On the other hand, an energy maximization technique called Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) is integrated into the control system. A developed program in MATLAB estimates the turbine performance with two different strategies, namely the MPPT technique and the Pitch control mechanism. For the best control and more stability of energy conversion, three artificial intelligence controllers, which are Neuronal Network (PI-ANN), Fuzzy Logic (PI-FLC), and Neuro-Fuzzy (PI-NFLC), were employed. They are compared with the conventional controller (PI-C). This comparison is made to distinguish the most robust regulator against wind speed variations. The different performance indices showed that the controller PI-NFLC has an excellent response, with an Integral Time Absolute Error (ITAE) of 375.28, whereas the Integral Absolute Error (IAE) and Integral Time Square Error (ITSE) equal 13.87 and 406.59, respectively.

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Kumar, N. Senthil, and M. Abdullah Khan. "Impact of FACTS Controllers on the Dynamic Stability of Power Systems Connected with Wind Farms." Wind Engineering 32, no. 2 (March 2008): 115–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/030952408784815835.

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The increasing power demand has led to the growth of new technologies that play an integral role in shaping the future energy market. Keeping in view of the environmental constraints, grid connected wind turbines are promising in increasing system reliability. This paper presents the impact of Flexible A.C. Transmission System (FACTS) controllers on the dynamic stability of power systems connected with wind energy conversion systems. The wind generator model considered is a variable speed doubly - fed induction generator model. The stability assessment is made first for a three phase short circuit without the FACTS controllers in the power network and then with the FACTS controllers. The dynamic simulation results yield information on (i) The impact of faults on the performance of induction generators/wind turbines. (ii) The change in controllable parameters of the FACTS controllers following the disturbance. (iii) Transient rating of the FACTS controllers for enhancement of rotor speed stability of induction generators and angle stability of synchronous generators.

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Serhoud, Hicham, and Djilani Benattous. "Sensorless Control of Brushless Doubly-Fed Generator Using Luenberger Observer Based Wind Energy Conversion Systems." International Journal of Applied Power Engineering (IJAPE) 7, no. 2 (August 1, 2018): 188. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijape.v7.i2.pp188-198.

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<span lang="EN-US">This paper investigates the use of Luenberger observer for sensorless power control of brushless double fed induction machine (BDFM) in wind energy conversion systems, the control strategy for flexible power flow control is developed by applying flux oriented vector control (technique), In order to estimate the rotor speed, an adaptive algorithm based on Lyapunov stability theory will be design. Finally the analyzed and simulation results in MATLAB/ Simulink platform confirmed the good dynamic performance of this new sensorless control for BDFG based variable speed wind turbines.</span>

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B.Hemanth Kumar, M., and B. Saravanan. "Stability Analysis and Optimization of Wind Energy Conversion System Using Extremum Seeking Output Feedback Controller for Dynamic Wind Speed Variations." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.10 (October 2, 2018): 963. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.10.26636.

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Stability of power systems is an important aspect for interconnecting different renewable energy sources into the existing electrical network. The concern over environmental effects due to conventional power plant made the researchers to implement many solutions for introducing renewable energy due to their intermittent nature. When the wind energy conversion system is introduced into the grid there’s need of voltage and frequency control for maintaining reactive power demand and also many issues from the consumer end and also it must satisfy the grid standards. As the wind is dynamic in nature there are issues like stability, load imbalance, power quality and other issues. In this paper, a non-linear feedback controller is introduced based on field-oriented control (FOC) approach and simulated in MATLAB environment. The designed controller is tested for wind data for examining the stability and power coefficient for the wind turbine. This controller also achieves fast transient response for rapid changes in the wind profile.

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Kebede, Mekdes Gemechu, and Milkias Berhanu Tuka. "Power Control of Wind Energy Conversion System with Doubly Fed Induction Generator." Journal of Energy 2022 (November 7, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8679053.

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Wind power is one of the most efficient, reliable, and affordable renewable energy sources. The Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) is the most commonly used machine in wind power systems due to its small size power converter, reduced cost and losses, better quality, and the ability for independent power control. This research work deals with the power control of this machine by modeling and designing a suitable controller. Vector control is used to control the stator and grid active and reactive powers along with the proportional integral (PI) controller, fuzzy logic controller (FLC), and PI-fuzzy controllers. Modeling and simulation of the system are done using MATLAB Simulink, and the behavior of the machine with each controller is examined under variable wind speeds. Comparative analysis based on reference power tracking, stability, and grid code requirement fulfillment has been conducted. The obtained results show that among the three controllers, the PI-fuzzy controller meets the required specification with better performance, small oscillation, minimum overshoot, better reference tracking ability, and creating a stable and secure system by fulfilling grid code requirements. This study can be important to further insight into DFIG-based wind turbine systems.

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He, Gui Xiong, Zhe Jiang, Li Min Jiang, Hua Guang Yan, and Xiao Bing Yang. "Overview on Key Technologies of Grid-Connected Wind Power Based on Energy Storage." Advanced Materials Research 608-609 (December 2012): 668–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.608-609.668.

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In order to promote the development of wind power and accelerate the efficient use of new energy sources, countries have brought energy storage systems into grid-connected wind farms to achieve efficient and stable operation of the wind power plant. This paper recounts the latest development status and trend of wind power at home and abroad, and introduces the principle of power conversion between energy storage system and wind farm. Based on the existing research results, it analyses power system stability related to wind power, low voltage ride-through ability of wind turbine, wind power penetration limit, as well as power quality issues. It also describes the new ideas about how to use energy storage technologies to solve the problems faced by the wind power.

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Majout, Btissam, Houda El Alami, Hassna Salime, Nada Zine Laabidine, Youness El Mourabit, Saad Motahhir, Manale Bouderbala, Mohammed Karim, and Badre Bossoufi. "A Review on Popular Control Applications in Wind Energy Conversion System Based on Permanent Magnet Generator PMSG." Energies 15, no. 17 (August 26, 2022): 6238. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15176238.

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There has always been a high expectation that wind generation systems would capture maximum power and integrate properly with the grid. Utilizing a wind generation system with increased management to meet the growing electricity demand is a clever way of accomplishing this. However, wind power generation systems require a sophisticated, unique, and dependable control mechanism in order to achieve stability and efficiency. To improve the operation of the wind energy conversion method, researchers are continually addressing the obstacles that presently exist. Therefore, it is necessary to know which control can improve the whole system’s performance and ensure its successful integration into the network, despite the variable conductions. This article examines wind turbine control system techniques and controller trends related to the permanent magnet synchronous generator. It presents an overview of the most popular control strategies that have been used to control the PMSG wind power conversion system. Among others, we mention nonlinear sliding mode, direct power, backstepping and predictive currents control. First, a description of each control is presented, followed by a simulation performed in the Matlab/Simulink environment to evaluate the performance of each control in terms of reference tracking, response time, stability and the quality of the signal delivered to the network under variable wind conditions. Finally, to get a clear idea of the effect of each control, this work was concluded with a comparative study of the four controls.

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O’Donnell, Cathal W., Mahdi Ebrahimi Salari, and Daniel J. Toal. "A Study on Directly Interconnected Offshore Wind Systems during Wind Gust Conditions." Energies 15, no. 1 (December 27, 2021): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15010168.

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An investigation of the effects of wind gusts on the directly interconnected wind generators is reported, and techniques toward the mitigation of the wind gust negative influences have been proposed. Using a directly interconnected system approach, wind turbine generators are connected to a single synchronous bus or collection grid without the use of power converters on each turbine. This bus can then be transformed for transmission onshore using High Voltage Alternating Current, Low-Frequency Alternating Current or High Voltage Direct Current techniques with shared power conversion resources onshore connecting the farm to the grid. Analysis of the potential for instability in transient conditions on the wind farm, for example, caused by wind gusts is the subject of this paper. Gust magnitude and rise time/fall time are investigated. Using pitch control and the natural damping of the high inertial offshore system, satisfactory overall system performance and stability can be achieved during these periods of transience.

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Yaichi, Ibrahim, Abdelhafid Semmah, and Patrice Wira. "Control of Doubly Fed Induction Generator with Maximum Power Point Tracking for Variable Speed Wind Energy Conversion Systems." Periodica Polytechnica Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 64, no. 1 (November 4, 2019): 87–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/ppee.14166.

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In this paper, a Direct Power Control (DPC) based on the switching table and Artificial Neural Network-based Maximum Power Point Tracking control for variable speed Wind Energy Conversion Systems (WECS) is proposed. In the context of wind energy exploitation, we are interested in this work to improve the performance of the wind generator by controlling the continuation of the Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) using the Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The results obtained show the interest of such control in this system. The proposed Direct Power Control strategy produces a fast and robust power response, also the grid side is controlled by Direct Power Control based a grid voltage position to ensure a constant DC- link voltage. The THD of the current injected into the electric grid for the Wind Energy Conversion Systems with Direct Power Control is shown in this paper, the THD is lower than the 5 % limit imposed by IEEE STANDARDS ASSOCIATION. This approach Direct Power Control is validated using the Matlab/Simulink software and simulation results can prove the excellent performance of this control as improving power quality and stability of wind turbine.

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Hamidi, A., J. Beiza, T. Abedinzadeh, and A. Daghigh. "Robust Power Designing of Supplementary Damping Controller in VSC HVDC System to Improve Energy Conversion Efficiency of Wind Turbine and Power System Stability." Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering 2022 (January 12, 2022): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7645777.

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Because of low losses and voltage drop, fast control of power, limitless connection distance, and isolation issues, using high-voltage direct-current (HVDC) transmission system is recommended to transfer power in the power systems, including wind farms. This paper aims to propose a supplementary damping controller (SDC) based on the HVDC to improve not only power system dynamic stability but also energy conversion efficiency and torsional vibration damping in the wind power plants (WPPs). When the WPPs are working in power control mode, the active power is set to its reference value, which is extracted from power-speed curve. This paper shows that torsional oscillations associated with the poorly torsional modes can be affected by different operating regions of the power-speed curve of WPP. Therefore, it is essential to employ an SDC to have the optimum energy conversion efficiency in the wind turbine and the most dynamic stability margin in the power system. The SDC is designed using a fractional-order PID controller (FOPID) based on the multiobjective bat-genetic algorithm (MOBGA). The simulation results show that the proposed control strategy effectively works in minimizing the torsional and electromechanical oscillations in power system and optimizing the energy conversion efficiency in the wind turbine.

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Sharma, Sohan. "Dynamic Performance Analysis of a Grid-Connected Doubly-Fed Induction Generator." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VI (June 14, 2021): 2340–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.34533.

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In the field of wind energy, the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) is commonly used in variable speed wind energy conversion systems (WECS). This paper presents a review of various topologies, configurations, power converters and control schemes used with the operation of the DFIG. The operation of DFIG based on both slip ring and brushless arrangement has been discussed. The grid integration of DFIG and its influence on system stability, system reliability, power quality and power transmission is reviewed.

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Benabbas, Abderrahmane, Elyazid Zaidi, and Rachid Abdessemed. "Sliding Mode Control of a Wind Power System Based on a Self-Excited Asynchronous Generator." Journal Européen des Systèmes Automatisés 55, no. 1 (February 28, 2022): 131–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/jesa.550114.

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In this work, the modeling and the sliding mode control of a self-excited asynchronous generator integrated in a wind energy conversion system is studied. The dc-link voltage and frequency output by the wind turbine depend on the wind intensity applied to the turbine and load. The goal of the study is to increase energy quality and to achieve a stabilization of dc-link voltage and frequency values based on sliding mode control. This method offers stability and robustness against external disturbances. However, this method is based in the power converter to improve the excellent dynamic of wind energy conversion system to meet the connection to the main grid. The simulation results show the efficiency and reliability of the proposed control method.

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Morgan, Ernest F., Tamer F. Megahed, Junya Suehiro, and Sobhy M. Abdelkader. "A Fault Ride-Through Technique for PMSG wind turbines using Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES) under Grid voltage sag conditions." Renewable Energy and Power Quality Journal 20 (September 2022): 79–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.24084/repqj20.223.

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Wind power penetration is growing, posing considerable technological challenges for developing electrical grid systems. Gearless permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) wind energy conversion systems (WECS) are becoming more popular. On the flip side, they are susceptible to grid failures. The use of Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES) to enhance fault ride-through in PMSG wind turbines is investigated. Per the current Grid code trends, WECS are not to be disconnected from the grid; rather, they should provide reactive power support during such situations. This work incorporates machine and grid side converters to manage reactive, active power and DC-link voltage during grid failures. To improves system performance, lessen voltage dips at the point of common coupling (PCC), provide reactive power support and reduce the transient length, a DC-link capacitor is used with SMES. SMES reserve energy capacity is necessary for FRT operation when the wind turbine's inertial response range is insufficient. Finally, a 1.5 MW PMSG-based WTG with SMES is developed. The Pre-fault, fault-period, and post-fault performance are all assessed. They confirm the system's efficiency, speed, and stability.

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Gencer, Altan. "Analysis and Control of Fault Ride-Through Capability Improvement for Wind Turbine Based on a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator Using an Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Logic System." Energies 12, no. 12 (June 15, 2019): 2289. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12122289.

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Recently, wind energy conversion systems in renewable energy sources have attracted attention due to their effective application. Wind turbine systems have a complex structure; however, traditional control systems are inadequate in answering the demands of complex systems. Therefore, expert control systems are applied to wind turbines, such as type-1 and interval type-2 fuzzy logic control (IT-2 FLC) systems. An IT-2 FLC system is used to solve the complexity of the wind turbine system and increases the efficiency of the wind turbine. This paper proposes a new control approach using the IT-2 FLC method applied to a wind turbine based on a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) to improve the transient stability during grid faults. An IT-2 FLC was designed to enhance the fault ride-through performance of a wind turbine and was implemented to control the machine side converter and grid side converter of a wind turbine. The proposed algorithm performance of a wind turbine based on a PMSG was investigated for different types of grid fault. The analysis results verify that the interval type-2 fuzzy logic control system is robustly utilized under different operational conditions.

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Le, Xuan Chau, Minh Quan Duong, and Kim Hung Le. "Review of the Modern Maximum Power Tracking Algorithms for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator of Wind Power Conversion Systems." Energies 16, no. 1 (December 29, 2022): 402. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16010402.

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Wind energy conversion systems (WECSs) are considered green generators, environmentally friendly, and fully suitable energy sources to replace fossil energy sources. WECS’s output power is hugely dependent on the random nature of the wind. There are many solutions to improve the output power for WECSs, such as adjusting the profile of turbine blades, locating installation places, improving generators, etc. Nevertheless, maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithms for WECSs are optimal and the most effective because they are flexible in controlling different variable wind speeds and match all types of WECS. The parameters on the generator side control or the grid side control will be adjusted when MPPT algorithms are used, allowing the output power of WECSs to be maximized while maintaining stability in variable-speed wind. There are various MPPT algorithms, but the current problem is their efficiency and whether it requires deep knowledge to select the best MPPT solutions because each method has different advantages and disadvantages. This study has implemented an overview of modern maximum power tracking algorithms applied to permanent magnet synchronous generators in WECS with MPP methods based on speed convergence, efficiency, self-training, complexity, and measurement of wind parameters.

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Aluko, Anuoluwapo Oluwatobiloba, David George Dorrell, Rudiren Pillay Carpanen, and Evan E. Ojo. "Heuristic Optimization of Virtual Inertia Control in Grid-Connected Wind Energy Conversion Systems for Frequency Support in a Restructured Environment." Energies 13, no. 3 (January 24, 2020): 564. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13030564.

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In the work reported in this paper, a novel application of the artificial bee colony algorithm is used to implement a virtual inertia control strategy for grid-connected wind energy conversion systems. The proposed control strategy introduces a new heuristic optimization technique that uses the artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm to calculate the optimal gain value of an additional derivative control loop added to the control scheme of the machine side converter in a wind energy system to enable wind farms to participate in frequency control as specified by recent grid codes. This helps to minimize the frequency deviations, reduce active power deviation in the system, and increase the penetration level of wind energy in power systems. The study was performed in a restructured power system environment. The proposed control scheme and its robustness were evaluated using load–frequency analysis for three real-life transaction scenarios that can occur in an interconnected open-energy market and the validation was carried out using eigenvalue analysis. The results in this study show that the optimal gain of the proposed controller reduces the frequency deviations and improves stability and overall performance of the system.

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Abdali, L. M., Q. A. Ali, V. V. Kuvshinov, E. A. Bekirov, and N. V. Korovkin. "THE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TECHNIQUE FOR THE ENERGY GENERATION AND ADMINISTRATION OF THE HYBRID SOLAR/WIND/DIESEL POWER SYSTEM." Construction and industrial safety, no. 22 (74) (2021): 91–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.37279/2413-1873-2021-22-91-100.

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The use of renewable energy sources plays an irreplaceable role in remote areas where the power grid is not available. Photovoltaic power conversion (PV) and wind power conversion are the main types of renewable energy sources used. Hybrid systems are considered the most efficient solution for remote areas that are not connected to the centralized power grid. Renewable energy is attracting the attention of researchers around the world. The main challenge is to combine the various existing sources into a single model in order to benefit from each of them, while complementing each other's disadvantages. The possibilities of managing combined hybrid systems based on renewable energy sources are currently not thoroughly studied. To increase the generation of electrical energy and reduce losses during the operation of these systems, it is necessary to conduct research aimed at improving the interactions of individual nodes of the proposed generation systems and improving the calculation methods for hybrid power plants. The integrated use of solar and wind generation systems can significantly improve energy performance and increase the generation of electrical energy. This paper proposes a method for integrating a solar photovoltaic system, a wind turbine, and a diesel generator connected to a load. An additional load is also connected to the system to absorb excess power. The hybrid system model was developed in MATLAB / Simulink. A controller based on an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system was developed and the system analyzed in terms of energy production and consumption. The results obtained show the degree of increase in the reliability and stability of the system.

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C. H. Sathish, I. A. Chidambaram, and M. Manikandan. "Recent Advances for DC-DC Converter Topology in Hybrid Renewable Energy System." December 2022 4, no. 4 (December 17, 2022): 277–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.36548/jeea.2022.4.005.

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The hybrid renewable energy systems are widely employed to meet the load demand at various critical times. This paper proposes the modelling, simulation, and conversion of energy using multiple power electronic based DC-DC converter topologies in Hybrid Renewable Energy System (HRES) which consist of solar and wind turbine energy sources, for enhancing the system stability and efficiency. This work presents a novel high gain power electronic DC-DC known as Modified Single-Ended Primary-Inductor Converter with magnetic coupling for boosting voltage in HRES. Landsman converter is used to reach peak DC output voltage, improve power quality and voltage stability, reduce conversion of power stages, and decrease losses compared to the present power electronic converter coupled with HRES. Moreover, adaptive neuro fuzzy system controller is proposed in this research to gain peak power from photovoltaic system. The results are validated using SIMULINK/MATLAB software.

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El Akhrif, Rachid, Ahmed Abbou, Chaymae Laoufi, and Mohamed Ferfra. "dSPACE implementation for a proportional–integral-based root mean square voltage controller used in stand-alone wind energy conversion systems." Wind Engineering 43, no. 4 (August 2, 2018): 404–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309524x18791384.

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The induction machine and the synchronous machine are very promising in renewable energy production for uses in wind turbines to produce energy in remote areas, and we note that self-excited induction generator is more adapted due to difficult geographical conditions and best cost; on the other hand, permanent magnet synchronous generator works without any excitation system; all of these have a major problem in use which is the stability of voltage. To solve this problem, we propose in this article the examination of a control plot for keeping the produced root mean square voltage steady. This article presents an experimental comparative study of performances in terms of root mean square voltage on two possible small wind turbine systems. One of the systems is based on permanent magnet synchronous generator and the other is based on self-excited induction generator. Taking into account the parameters of load and wind speed, experimental test benches for both systems are implemented using the dSPACE card for controlling the pulse width modulation inverter to impose the Vrms value of the desired output voltage.

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El qouarti, Ouassima, Ahmed Essadki, and Tamou Nasser. "High order sliding mode control of active and reactive powers for DFIG based Wind turbine." E3S Web of Conferences 351 (2022): 01008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202235101008.

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Grid connected wind turbines are considered as a wise alternative to conventional energy sources; not only they are used to produce energy, but they have been recently operated in order to provide grid ancillary services such as stability and frequency control. In this paper we are going to deal with the famous doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) based Wind Energy Conversion Systems (WECS) for its variable speed operation and excellent power quality. The purpose of this study is to apply a High Order Sliding Mode Control (HOSMC) based on vector control and to compare the results with the first order sliding mode control (FOSMC) in order to evaluate the performances of stability and chattering elimination under normal conditions. Simulation results show the superiority of the SOSMC over the FOSMC in terms of robustness and chattering elimination.

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Chang, Tsai, and Lu. "Current Control of the Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Generator Using Interval Type-2 T-S Fuzzy Systems." Energies 12, no. 15 (July 31, 2019): 2953. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12152953.

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The current control of the permanent-magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) using an interval type-2 (IT2) Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy systems is designed and implemented. PMSG is an energy conversion unit widely used in wind energy generation systems and energy storage systems. Its performance is determined by the current control approach. IT2 T-S fuzzy systems are implemented to deal with the nonlinearity of a PMSG system in this paper. First, the IT2 T-S fuzzy model of a PMSG is obtained. Second, the IT2 T-S fuzzy controller is designed based on the concept of parallel distributed compensation (PDC). Next, the stability analysis can be conducted through the Lyapunov theorem. Accordingly, the stability conditions of the closed-loop system are expressed in Linear Matrix Inequality (LMI) form. The AC power from a PMSG is converted to DC power via a three-phase six-switch full bridge converter. The six-switch full bridge converter is controlled by the proposed IT2 T-S fuzzy controller. The analog-to-digital (ADC) conversion, rotor position calculation and duty ratio determination are digitally accomplished by the microcontroller. Finally, simulation and experimental results verify the performance of the proposed current control.

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Ramalingegowda, Chethan Hiremarali, and Mageshvaran Rudramoorthy. "Sub-synchronous resonance in wind energy integrated grid – problem and mitigation techniques – a review." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 13, no. 3 (September 1, 2022): 1870. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v13.i3.pp1870-1886.

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<p>When wind energy conversion systems (WECS) are integrated with the Grid system then there are power quality issues arises. The fluctuation in the wind power delivery to the grid demands robust control for a better power quality. Therefore, voltage and frequency stability due to integration of wind to the grid is the primary concern to improve the overall grid integration capability for WECS. This paper reviews the power quality issues in the power grid due to introduction of WECS. The WECS integration with the grid introduces dynamic issues that include sub-synchronous resonance (SSR), low voltage ride through (LVRT), frequency support from wind generation, synchronization, and transients. Also, it focusses on the sub synchronous resonance introduced due to introduction of doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) wind turbines to the transmission lines with capacitive seriescompensation. The review of various power quality issues and methods used by the researcher’s mitigations are discussed and detailed further research perspective.</p>

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Jeevajothi, R., and D. Devaraj. "Voltage stability enhancement using an adaptive hysteresis controlled variable speed wind turbine driven EESG with MPPT." Journal of Energy in Southern Africa 25, no. 2 (June 23, 2014): 48–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3051/2014/v25i2a2669.

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This paper investigates the enhancement in voltage stability achieved while connecting a variable speed wind turbine (VSWT) driven electrically excited synchronous generator (EESG) into power systems. The wind energy conversion system (WECS) uses an AC-DC-AC converter system with an uncontrolled rectifier, maximum power point tracking (MPPT) controlled dc-dc boost converter and adaptive hysteresis controlled voltage source converter (VSC). The MPPT controller senses the rectified voltage (VDC) and traces the maximum power point to effectively maximize the output power. With MPPT and adaptive hysteresis band current control in VSC, the DC link voltage is maintained constant under variable wind speeds and transient grid currents.The effectiveness of the proposed WECS in enhancing voltage stability is analysed on a standard IEEE 5 bus system, which includes examining the voltage magnitude, voltage collapse and reactive power injected by the systems. Simulation results show that the proposed WECS has the potential to improve the long-term voltage stability of the grid by injecting reactive power. The performance of this scheme is compared with a fixed speed squirrel cage induction generator (SCIG), a variable speed doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) and a variable speed permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG).

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Sami, Irfan, Shafaat Ullah, Zahoor Ali, Nasim Ullah, and Jong-Suk Ro. "A Super Twisting Fractional Order Terminal Sliding Mode Control for DFIG-Based Wind Energy Conversion System." Energies 13, no. 9 (May 1, 2020): 2158. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13092158.

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The doubly fed induction generator (DFIG)-based wind energy conversion systems (WECSs) are prone to certain uncertainties, nonlinearities, and external disturbances. The maximum power transfer from WECS to the utility grid system requires a high-performance control system in the presence of such nonlinearities and disturbances. This paper presents a nonlinear robust chattering free super twisting fractional order terminal sliding mode control (ST-FOTSMC) strategy for both the grid side and rotor side converters of 2 MW DFIG-WECS. The Lyapunov stability theory was used to ensure the stability of the proposed closed-loop control system. The performance of the proposed control paradigm is validated using extensive numerical simulations carried out in MATLAB/Simulink environment. A detailed comparative analysis of the proposed strategy is presented with the benchmark sliding mode control (SMC) and fractional order terminal sliding mode control (FOTSMC) strategies. The proposed control scheme was found to exhibit superior performance to both the stated strategies under normal mode of operation as well as under lumped parametric uncertainties.

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Azelhak, Younes, Loubna Benaaouinate, Hicham Medromi, Youssef Errami, Tarik Bouragba, and Damien Voyer. "Exhaustive Comparison between Linear and Nonlinear Approaches for Grid-Side Control of Wind Energy Conversion Systems." Energies 14, no. 13 (July 5, 2021): 4049. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14134049.

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In this paper, we propose a comparative study of linear and nonlinear algorithms designed for grid-side control of the power flow in a wind energy conversion system. We performed several simulations and experiments with step and variable power scenarios for different values of the DC-link capacity with the DC storage element being the key element of the grid-side converter. The linear control was designed on the basis of the internal model control theory where an active damping was added to avoid steady state errors. Nonlinear controls were built using first and second order sliding mode controls with theoretical considerations to ensure accuracy and stability. We observed that the first order sliding mode control was the most efficient algorithm for controlling the DC-link voltage but that the chattering degraded the quality of the energy injected into the grid as well as the efficiency of the grid-side converter. The linear control caused overshoots on the DC-link voltage; however, this algorithm had better performance on the grid side due to its smoother control. Finally, the second order sliding mode control did not prove to be more robust than the other two algorithms. This can be explained by the fact that this control is theoretically more sensitive to converter losses.

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Belgaid, Yamina, M’hamed Helaimi, Rachid Taleb, and Mohammed Benali Youcef. "Optimal tuning of PI controller using genetic algorithm for wind turbine application." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 18, no. 1 (April 1, 2020): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v18.i1.pp167-178.

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Nowadays, wind turbine energy has an increased importance in electrical power applications since when it is considered as an essential inexhaustible and broadly available energy resource. An aerogenerator is a device that transforms a part of the kinetic energy of the wind into available mechanical energy on a transmission shaft, and then into electrical energy through a generator, which is in our case a dual power asynchronous machine. An important characteristic of a wind turbine is that the avail, able maximum power is provided only in a single given operating point, called Maximum Power Point. Many classical methods and controllers have been widely developed and implemented to track the maximum power point. Among drawbacks of a classical PI controller is that its parameters are not constant, these conventional control laws may be are insufficient because they are not robust, especially when the accuracy requirements and other dynamic characteristics of the system are strict. The new idea in this paper is to introduce the Genetic Algorithms theory into the controlstrategy that used inthe conversion chain of the wind turbine, in order to improve stability. Simulation results approve that the application of Genetic Algorithms to the PI regulator, minimize or eliminate the drawbacks of the classical PI regulator, and greatly promote the efficiency and stability of the wind turbine systems.

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Abo-Khalil, Ahmed G., Ali S. Alghamdi, Ali M. Eltamaly, M. S. Al-Saud, Praveen R. P., Khairy Sayed, G. R. Bindu, and Iskander Tlili. "Design of State Feedback Current Controller for Fast Synchronization of DFIG in Wind Power Generation Systems." Energies 12, no. 12 (June 24, 2019): 2427. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12122427.

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Doubly-fed induction generators (DFIGs) are widely used in wind energy conversion systems. The dynamic features of DFIGs make it important to focus on designing high-performance control schemes. However, the dynamic characteristics of such generators depend on nonlinear parameters, such as stator flux, stator current, and rotor current, which increase the overall system complexity. In addition, the DFIG Wind Energy Conversion Systems (WECSs) size is growing beyond 7 MW, which increases stress on both the mechanical drive train and the power circuits during connection to the grid. Such stress and dynamic features cannot be neglected. Therefore, robust controllers must be implemented which have the ability to support the dynamic frequencies of wind energy to ensure system stability in grid connection mode and during subsequent use. Conventional vector control configurations that use proportional-integral controllers have various drawbacks, such as parameter tuning difficulties, mediocre dynamic performance, and reduced robustness. In this study, we focused on improving DFIG synchronization to the grid by applying state feedback current controllers with a feedforward component to smooth the connection to the grid, as well as to improve the steady-state and transient characteristics of the controller. State feedback controllers are proposed to replace the proportional-integral controllers on both the rotor and grid sides. The proposed controller is designed using a multivariable system and feedforward control for input reference and incorporating disturbances into the control equations for fast synchronization and transient responses. To demonstrate the advantages of this controller, experimental studies are presented for both the transient and steady states.

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Mousavi, Yashar, Geraint Bevan, Ibrahim Beklan Küçükdemiral, and Afef Fekih. "Maximum Power Extraction from Wind Turbines Using a Fault-Tolerant Fractional-Order Nonsingular Terminal Sliding Mode Controller." Energies 14, no. 18 (September 17, 2021): 5887. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14185887.

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This work presents a nonlinear control approach to maximise the power extraction of wind energy conversion systems (WECSs) operating below their rated wind speeds. Due to nonlinearities associated with the dynamics of WECSs, the stochastic nature of wind, and the inevitable presence of faults in practice, developing reliable fault-tolerant control strategies to guarantee maximum power production of WECSs has always been considered important. A fault-tolerant fractional-order nonsingular terminal sliding mode control (FNTSMC) strategy to maximize the captured power of wind turbines (WT) subjected to actuator faults is developed. A nonsingular terminal sliding surface is proposed to ensure fast finite-time convergence, whereas the incorporation of fractional calculus in the controller enhances the convergence speed of system states and simultaneously suppresses chattering, resulting in extracted power maximisation by precisely tracking the optimum rotor speed. Closed-loop stability is analysed and validated through the Lyapunov stability criterion. Comparative numerical simulation analysis is carried out on a two-mass WT, and superior power production performance of the proposed method over other methods is demonstrated, both in fault-free and faulty situations.

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Eisa Osman, S. H., G. K. Irungu, and D. K. Murage. "Application of FVSI, Lmn and CPF Techniques for Proper Positioning of FACTS Devices and SCIG Wind Turbine Integrated to a Distributed Network for Voltage Stability Enhancement." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 9, no. 5 (October 9, 2019): 4824–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.3101.

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Induction power generators are the most popular wind energy conversion systems (WECS) because they do not require synchronization units. However, they usually draw a huge quantity of reactive power during disturbances. Hence, incorporating wind power into power networks may cause voltage instability. This paper presents the usage of STATCOM and SSSC FACTS devices for voltage stability enhancement of a distribution network with a squirrel cage induction generator (SCIG) wind power turbine. The continuation power flow (CPF) approach is utilized as a tool to determine the most suitable position of SCIG in the system. Also, voltage stability indices (FVSI and Lmn) are employed to estimate the stability margin of the system by figuring the weakest transmission lines and buses in order to locate the appropriate position where the FACTS devices should be installed. A comparison of the suitability of the FACTS devices to restore system stability was evaluated under 3-phase fault conditions. The results illustrated that STATCOM behaves better than SSSC when the system is restoring from a fault. Simulations and voltage stability assessment were carried out on the IEEE 14 bus test scheme using the PSAT simulation software package.

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Qasim, M. A., V. I. Velkin, S. E. Shcheklein, I. Hossain, and Y. Du. "DESIGN AND SIMULATION OF A SOLAR-WIND STAND-ALONE SYSTEM WITH A SEVEN-LEVEL INVERTER." Bulletin of the South Ural State University series "Power Engineering" 22, no. 3 (2022): 5–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.14529/power220301.

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During an energy conversion process, the total harmonic distortion and losses will increase while its power stability decreases. Multilevel inverter technology can be utilized to alleviate the shortcomings of conventional inverters. These technologies have become recognized as cost-effective solutions for a wide range of industrial applica-tions. Reduced component losses and lower switching losses, as well as improved output voltage and current wave-forms are the first advantages of this design. In multilayer inverters, elimination of harmonic components in the inverter output voltage and current is crucial. This paper proposes a system that consists of three different renewable energy sources. Two of them are PV solar systems while the third is wind turbine simulated in MATLAB Simulink. Seven-level inverters based on switch reduction techniques are proposed in this paper. The proposed system design is verified in the absence of PV systems to produce five voltage levels as a contingency in PV systems.

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Kosuru, Rahul, Shichao Liu, and Wei Shi. "Deep Reinforcement Learning for Stability Enhancement of a Variable Wind Speed DFIG System." Actuators 11, no. 7 (July 20, 2022): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/act11070203.

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Low-frequency oscillations are a primary issue for integrating a renewable source into the grid. The objective of this study was to find sensitive parameters that cause low-frequency oscillations and design a Twin Delayed Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (TD3) agent controller to damp the oscillations without requiring an accurate system model. In this work, a Q-learning (QL)-based model-free wind speed DFIG was designed on the rotor-side converter (RSC), and a QL-based model-free DC-link voltage regulator was designed on the grid-side converter (GSC) to enhance the stability of the system. In the next step, the TD3 agent was trained to learn the system dynamics by replacing the inner current controllers of the RSC, which replaced the QL-based model. In the first stage, the conventional PSS and Proportional–Integral (PI) controllers were introduced to both the RSC and GSC. Then, the system was trained to become model-free by replacing the PSS and the PI controller with a QL algorithm under very small wind speed variations. In the second stage, the QL algorithm was replaced with the TD3 agent by introducing large variations in wind speed. The results reveal that the TD3 agent can sustain the stability of the DFIG system under large variations in wind speed without assuming a detailed control structure beforehand, while QL-based controllers can stabilize the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG)-equipped wind energy conversion system (WECS) under small variations in wind speed.

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Oualah, O., D. Kerdoun, and A. Boumassata. "Comparative study between sliding mode control and the vector control of a brushless doubly fed reluctance generator based on wind energy conversion systems." Electrical Engineering & Electromechanics, no. 1 (February 17, 2022): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2074-272x.2022.1.07.

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Introduction. Nowadays, global investment in renewable energy sources has been growing intensely. In particular, we mention here that wind source of energy has grown recently. Purpose. Comparative study between sliding mode control and vector control of a brushless doubly fed reluctance generator based on wind energy conversion systems. Methods. This paper deals with conceptual analysis and comparative study of two control techniques of a promising low-cost brushless doubly-fed reluctance generator for variable-speed wind turbine considering maximum power point tracking. This machine's growing interest because of the partially rated power electronics and the high reliability of the brushless design while offering performance competitive to its famous spring counterpart, the doubly-fed induction generator. We are particularly interested in comparing two kinds of control methods. We indicate here the direct vector control based on Proportional-Integral controller and sliding mode controller. Results. Simulation results show the optimized performances of the vector control strategy based on a sliding mode controller. We observe high performances in terms of response time and reference tracking without overshoots through the response characteristics. The decoupling, the stability, and the convergence towards the equilibrium are assured.

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Shaqarin, T., and Mahmoud M. S. Al-Suod. "Linear Parameter Varying Power Regulation of Variable Speed Pitch Manipulated Wind Turbine in the Full Load Regime." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON SYSTEMS AND CONTROL 17 (December 13, 2022): 515–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/23203.2022.17.57.

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In a wind energy conversion system (WECS), changing the pitch angle of the wind turbine blades is a typical practice to regulate the electrical power generation in the full-load regime. Due to the turbulent nature of the wind and the large variations of the mean wind speed during the day, the rotary elements of the WECS are subjected to significant mechanical stresses and fatigue, resulting in conceivably mechanical failures and higher maintenance costs. Consequently, it is imperative to design a control system capable of handling continuous wind changes. In this work, Linear Parameter Varying (LPV) H∞ controller is used to cope with wind variations and turbulent winds with a turbulence intensity greater than ± 10%. The proposed controller is designed to regulate the rotational rotor speed and generator torque, thus, regulating the output power via pitch angle manipulations. In addition, a PI-Fuzzy control system is designed to be compared with the proposed control system. The closed-loop simulations of both controllers established the robustness and stability of the suggested LPV controller under large wind velocity variations, with minute power fluctuations compared to the PI-Fuzzy controller. The results show that in the presence of turbulent wind speed variations, the proposed LPV controller achieves improved transient and steady-state performance along with reduced mechanical loads in the above-rated wind speed region.

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Mabrouk, Haddar, and Allaoua Boumediene. "An efficient predictive current controller with adaptive parameter estimation in 3-ϕ inverter." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 12, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 858. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v12.i2.pp858-869.

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In this paper, a detail design and description of a predictive current control scheme are adopted for three-phase grid-connected two-level inverter and its application in wind energy conversion systems. Despite its advantages, the predictive current controller is very sensitive to parameter variations which could eventually affected on system stability. To solve this problem, an estimation technique proposed to identify the value of harmonic filter parameter based on Model reference adaptive system (MRAS). Lyapunov stability theory is selected to guarantee a robust adaptation and stable response over large system parameter variation. The simulation results shows the efficiency of the proposed techniques to improve the current tracking performance.

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Wartana, I. Made, Ni Putu Agustini, and Sasidharan Sreedharan. "Improved security and stability of grid connected the wind energy conversion system by unified power flow controller." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 27, no. 3 (September 1, 2022): 1151. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v27.i3.pp1151-1161.

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The stability and security improvements of the grid-connected to the wind energy conversion system (WECS) can be made by optimizing the placement of a flexible alternating current transmission system (FACTS). This study discusses the optimal placement of one type of WECS, namely the doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) with a series and a shunt-FACTS control device called unified power flow controller (UPFC). The DFIG and UPFC connected grid dynamic perfor mance improvement with a maximum load bus system scenario. The optimal placement of DFIG and UPFC on the grid is formulated as a multi - objective problem, namely maximizing load bus system (Max. LBS) while minimizing active power loss (Min. P loss ) by pleasi ng numerous security and stability constraints. The non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II) have been utilized to settle this opposed bi-objective enhancement problem. The validity of the suggested method was examined on a modified IEEE 14-bus and a utilitarian examine system connected to DFIG with UPFC in power system analysis toolbox ( PSAT ) software. The optimal placement of DFIG and UPFC on the grid has increased the system's dynamic performance, with all the specified particular constraints being encountered.

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Shahzad Nazir, Muhammad, Qinghua Wu, and Mengshi Li. "Symmetrical Short-Circuit Parameters Comparison of DFIG–WT." International journal of electrical and computer engineering systems 8, no. 2 (2017): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.32985/ijeces.8.2.5.

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Renewable energy with new resources is depleting the fossil fuel-based energy resources. Renewable energy sources (such as wind energy) based power generators are important energy conversion machines and have widely industrial and commercial applications due to their superior performance, and the fact that they endure faults well and are environmentally friendly. The study of the transient behavior of such generators under fault condition has drawn much attention. This study presents Doubly-Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) perturbation during a symmetrical (three-phase) short circuit (SSC) at different points. Simulation results reveal that after a fault occurs, there is decay of SC parameters (transient time, maximum current, steady-state and voltage dip) at the point of common coupling (PCC) and the grid-side converter (GSC) of DFIG. Simulation results depict a more sensitive and robust point during a SSC of DFIG. Current findings present the main difference between the PCC and the GSC during SSC faults. These comparisons provide a more precise understanding of fault diagnosis reliability with reduced complexity, stability, and optimization of the system. This study verified by the simulation results helps us understand and improve the performance of sensor sensibility (measurements), develop control schemes, protection strategy and select a more accurate and proficient system among other wind energy conversion systems (WECS).

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Ma, Youjie, Long Tao, Xuesong Zhou, Wei Li, and Xueqi Shi. "Analysis and Control of Wind Power Grid Integration Based on a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator Using a Fuzzy Logic System with Linear Extended State Observer." Energies 12, no. 15 (July 25, 2019): 2862. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12152862.

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Recently, wind energy conversion systems (WECSs) have attracted attention due to their effective application in renewable energy sources. It is a complex system with multi-variables, strong coupling, non-linearity, and variable parameters; however, traditional control systems are inadequate in answering the demands of complex systems. In order to solve the complexity and improve the transient stability during grid faults and power fluctuations, this paper proposes a fuzzy logic system with the linear extended state observer (FLS-LESO) applied to WECSs based on a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG). The FLS-LESO consists of a fuzzy logic controller, a conventional PD controller, and the linear extended state observer (LESO). This paper analyzes the mathematical model of a wind power system and combines it with LESO to improve the estimation accuracy of the observer and further improve the control performance. In the simulation study, the control performance of the FLS-LESO was also tested under various operating conditions using the MATLAB/Simulink simulation platform to verify the correctness and effectiveness of the control system.

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Shuaibu, M., A. S. Abubakar, and A. F. Shehu. "Techniques for Ensuring Fault Ride-Through Capability of Grid Connected DFIG-Based Wind Turbine Systems: A Review." Nigerian Journal of Technological Development 18, no. 1 (June 24, 2021): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njtd.v18i1.6.

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Renewable energy sources (RES) are being integrated to electrical grid to complement the conventional sources to meet up with global electrical energy demand. Among other RES, Wind Energy Conversion Systems (WECS) with Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) have gained global electricity market competitiveness because of the flexible regulation of active and reactive power, higher power quality, variable speed operation, four quadrant converter operation and better dynamic performance. Grid connected DFIG-based WECS are prone to disturbances in the network because of direct connection of stator windings to grid. The ability of the Wind Turbine (WT) to remain connected during grid faults is termed the Fault Ride-Through (FRT) capability. The grid code requirement for integrating the DFIG-based WTs to power networks specified that they must remain connected and support the grid stability during grid disturbances of up to 1500 ms. The use of compensation devices offers the best FRT compliance thereby protecting the DFIG and the converters from voltage fluctuations and over currents during the grid fault. The paper presents a review of techniques employed in ensuring FRT compliance. The article also proposes the state-of-the-art techniques for compensating voltage sag/swell and limiting the fault short-circuit current. Keywords: Renewable energy sources, DFIG, wind turbine system, fault ride-through, grid codes, dual-functional DVR

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Huang, Yu, Weiting Zhang, Kai Yang, Weizhen Hou, and Yiran Huang. "An Optimal Scheduling Method for Multi-Energy Hub Systems Using Game Theory." Energies 12, no. 12 (June 13, 2019): 2270. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12122270.

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The optimal scheduling of multi-energy hub systems plays an important role in the safety, stability, and economic operation of the system. However, due to the strong uncertainty of renewable energy access, serious coupling, and the interaction among energy hubs of multi-energy hub systems, it is difficult for the traditional optimal scheduling method to solve these problems. Therefore, game theory was used to solve the optimal scheduling problem of multi-energy hub systems. According to the internal connection mode and energy conversion relationship of energy hubs, along with the competitive and cooperative relationship between multi-energy hubs, the game theoretic optimal scheduling model of the multi-energy hub system was established. Then, two cases and 50 groups of wind speed series were used to test the robustness of the proposed method. Simulation results show that the total power injection is −16,805.8, 104.1847, and −865.561 and the natural gas injection is 46,046.81, 27,727.65, and 63,039.54 in spring/autumn, summer, and winter, respectively, which is consistent with the characteristics of the four seasons. Furthermore, the optimal scheduling method using game theory has a strong robustness in multi-energy hub systems.

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Trinh, Chuong Trong. "STUDY OF VOLTAGE COLLAPSE CHARACTIRISTICS IN GRID CONNECTED WIND POWER PLANT." Science and Technology Development Journal 14, no. 2 (June 30, 2011): 80–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v14i2.1912.

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The scale of wind power plants is increasing continuously in Vietnam. The installed capacity of the largest wind farm is about 50MW by the end of this year. Therefore, power system planners will need to study their impact onthe power system in more detail. Wind energy conversion systems are very different in nature from conventional generators. Therefore dynamic studies must be addressed in order to integrate wind power into the power system. The impact of this wind power on voltage distribution levels has been addressed in the literatures. The majority of this work deals with the determination of the maximum active and reactive power that is possible to be connected on a system load bus, until the voltage at that bus reaches the voltage collapse point. This article introduces the methods of research standards, evaluation criteria of stable electricity supply; it identifies the centers of loads and focuses on the branch is "weak" in small signal stability to improve operational efficiency, reliability in electricity power supply.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Wind energy conversion systems Stability'

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