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Journal articles on the topic 'Winch and furrow irrigation'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 14 February 2022

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1

Vilas Boas, Marcio Antonio. "PROGRAMA COMPUTACIONAL PARA SIMULAÇÃO DA IRRIGAÇÃO POR SUPERFÍCIE." IRRIGA 4, no. 3 (August 20, 1999): 124–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.15809/irriga.1999v4n3p124-131.

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PROGRAMA COMPUTACIONAL PARA SIMULAÇÃO DA IRRIGAÇÃO POR SUPERFÍCIE Márcio Antônio Vilas BoasUNIOESTE - Universidade Estadual do Oeste do ParanáDepartamento Engenharia - Cx. Postal 711Fone: (045) 225 -2100 (R-249) - Fax : (045) 223-4584CEP: 85814-110 - Cascavel - PR - Brasil 1 RESUMO Os modelos matemáticos propostos para simular o processo de irrigação por superfície constituem recursos valiosos, capazes de incluir inúmeras alternativas de dimensionamento, a um custo e tempo reduzidos. O objetivo do presente trabalho resumiu-se no desenvolvimento de um programa computacional para simular todas as fases do processo de irrigação por superfície, utilizando a aproximação Zero-inércia das equações de Saint-Venant. A linguagem de programação utilizada foi Visual Basic, em ambiente Windows 95. Para proceder à avaliação do modelo utilizou-se dados de irrigação em sulco e faixa obtidos em campos experimentais de precisão. Os resultados mostraram-se plenamente satisfatórios para a simulação de todas as fases da irrigação. O programa computacional desenvolvido pode ser útil também como instrumento didático. UNITERMOS: irrigação, irrigação por sulcos, simulação computacional. VILAS BOAS, M. A . Software for simulation of the surface irrigation 2 ABSTRACT The use of mathematical models to predict surface irrigation process may be a valuable tool wich allows several design alternatives, at reduced cost and time. The aim of this work is to develop a software to simulate all phases of surface irrigation, under the Zero-inertia approach, using a complete equations to describe surface flow. The computer program was developed in Visual Basic in Windows 95 environment. The model performance was evaluated by comparison with a precision furrow and border irrigation data. The results of both approaches were in good agreement with field data. The program may be also a useful tool for teaching. KEYWORDS: irrigation, surface irrigation furrow, computer simulation.

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2

Enciso, Juan, John Jifon, Juan Anciso, and Luis Ribera. "Productivity of Onions Using Subsurface Drip Irrigation versus Furrow Irrigation Systems with an Internet Based Irrigation Scheduling Program." International Journal of Agronomy 2015 (2015): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/178180.

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Selection of the proper irrigation method will be advantageous to manage limited water supplies and increase crop profitability. The overall objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) and furrow irrigation on onion yield and irrigation use efficiency. This study was conducted in two locations, a commercial field and a field located at the Texas A&M AgriLife Research Center in Weslaco, TX. This study was conducted as a split-plot design for both sites with two treatments (SDI and furrow irrigation) and three replications per treatment. The total onion yield obtained with the SDI systems was more than 93% higher than the yield obtained with furrow irrigation systems. The large onion size was 181% higher for the SDI system than the furrow system in both sites. The colossal size yield was also higher. At one site colossal yield was 206% higher than furrow, while at another site furrow yielded no colossal onions and SDI had some production. It was concluded that drip irrigation systems more than double yields and increased onion size while using almost half of the water. This was due to SDI allowing for more frequent and smaller irrigation depths with higher irrigation efficiency than furrow irrigation systems.

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3

Dibal, Jibrin M., A. A. Ramalan, O. J. Mudiare, and H. E. Igbadun. "Scenario Studies on Effects of Soil Infiltration Rates, Land Slope, and Furrow Irrigation Characteristics on Furrow Irrigation-Induced Erosion." International Scholarly Research Notices 2014 (November 10, 2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/942732.

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Furrow irrigation proceeds under several soil-water-furrow hydraulics interaction dynamics. The soil erosion consequences from such interactions in furrow irrigation in Samaru had remained uncertain. A furrow irrigation-induced erosion (FIIE) model was used to simulate the potential severity of soil erosion in irrigated furrows due to interactive effects of infiltration rates, land slope, and some furrow irrigation characteristics under different scenarios. The furrow irrigation characteristics considered were furrow lengths, widths, and stream sizes. The model itself was developed using the dimensional analysis approach. The scenarios studied were the interactive effects of furrow lengths, furrow widths, and slopes steepness; infiltration rates and furrow lengths; and stream sizes, furrow lengths, and slopes steepness on potential furrow irrigation-induced erosion, respectively. The severity of FIIE was found to relate somewhat linearly with slope and stream size, and inversely with furrow lengths and furrow width. The worst soil erosion (378.05 t/ha/yr) was found as a result of the interactive effects of 0.65 m furrow width, 50 m furrow length, and 0.25% slope steepness; and the least soil erosion (0.013 t/ha/yr) was induced by the combined effects of 0.5 l/s, 200 m furrow length, and 0.05% slope steepness. Evidently considering longer furrows in furrow irrigation designs would be a better alternative of averting excessive FIIE.

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4

Wang, Ming Xia, Jing Tian, and Wei Dong Wang. "Effects of Controlled Alternate Furrow Irrigation on Soil Water Movement and Water Utilization Efficiency of Soybean." Applied Mechanics and Materials 438-439 (October 2013): 1446–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.438-439.1446.

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Controlled alternate furrow irrigation is one of the new irrigation methods. In order to research the adaptation of soybean, soil water movement and water utilization efficiency under controlled alternate furrow irrigation in the north China, the experiment was done with Lysimeter in Kaifeng. The results show that compared with conventional furrow irrigation (CFI), the controlled alternate furrow irrigation has suitable irrigation quantity that is not only helpful for enhancing water use efficiency, increasing yield, but also helpful for reducing deep percolation. Therefore, the controlled alternate irrigation is a feasible irrigation method in Kaifeng. However, the quantity of controlled alternate furrow irrigation can be too low to enhance the yield of soybean and economic benefit.

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5

& Karim, Karim. "ENHANCING FURROW IRRIGATION PERFORMANCE AND WATER PRODUCTIVITY THROUGH BETTER DESIGN AND WATER MANAGEMENT IN A CRACKED SOIL." IRAQI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES 51, no. 5 (October 30, 2020): 1276–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v51i5.1135.

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Furrow irrigation is widely used because of its low cost and energy requirement, but less efficient compared with the pressurized irrigation systems. Management of water resources in Vertisols is more problematic compared to other soil groups. This soil is representing a vast crop production resource and account for a considerable portion of the region under study. The preferential flow has a profound effect on the performance furrow irrigation in cracked soils. Accordingly, itis of vital importance to select the most appropriate management practices to improve the performance of surface irrigation in these soils. Accordingly, a series of field experiments were conducted over a cracked soil at a research farm located in the outskirt of Sulaimani city during the summer seasons of 2017 and 2018 with furrow lengths in the range of 30 to 70 m. The main objectives were to improve the performance of furrow irrigation and water use efficiency of eggplant by changing furrow shape and length by application different irrigation techniques. The results indicated that irrigation efficiency tended to increase by reducing furrow length, by decreasing available water depletion and by changing the furrow shape. Overall, the applied irrigation treatments can be ranked according to the degree of their effectiveness in term of irrigation performance, eggplant fruit yield and water use efficiency as follows: Surge flow > Fixed furrow irrigation > Alternate furrow irrigation > Cutback > continuous flow.

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6

Sabillón, G. N., and G. P. Merkley. "Fertigation guidelines for furrow irrigation." Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 2, no. 4 (December 1, 2004): 576. http://dx.doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2004024-114.

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7

Camacho, E., J. Roldán, and M. Alcaide. "INFILTRATION UNDER SURGE FURROW IRRIGATION." Acta Horticulturae, no. 335 (April 1993): 497–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1993.335.61.

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8

Rayej, Mohammad, and Wesley W. Wallender. "Furrow Irrigation Simulation Time Reduction." Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering 111, no. 2 (June 1985): 134–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9437(1985)111:2(134).

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9

Strelkoff, Theodor. "Dimensionless Formulation of Furrow Irrigation." Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering 111, no. 4 (December 1985): 380–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9437(1985)111:4(380).

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10

Singh, Vijay P., and Yu‐Cheng He. "Muskingum Model for Furrow Irrigation." Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering 114, no. 1 (February 1988): 89–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9437(1988)114:1(89).

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11

Yu, Fang X., and Vijay P. Singh. "Analytical Model for Furrow Irrigation." Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering 116, no. 2 (March 1990): 154–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9437(1990)116:2(154).

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12

Raghuwanshi, N. S., and W. W. Wallender. "M odeling Seasonal Furrow Irrigation." Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering 122, no. 4 (July 1996): 235–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9437(1996)122:4(235).

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13

Raghuwanshi, N. S., and W. W. Wallender. "Economic Optimization of Furrow Irrigation." Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering 123, no. 5 (September 19, 1997): 377–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9437(1997)123:5(377).

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14

Enciso-Medina, Juan, Derrel Martin, and Dean Eisenhauer. "Infiltration Model for Furrow Irrigation." Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering 124, no. 2 (March 1998): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9437(1998)124:2(73).

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15

Oyonarte, N. A., L. Mateos, and M. J. Palomo. "Infiltration Variability in Furrow Irrigation." Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering 128, no. 1 (February 2002): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9437(2002)128:1(26).

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16

T. J. Trout and G. S. Johnson. "Earthworms and Furrow Irrigation Infiltration." Transactions of the ASAE 32, no. 5 (1989): 1594–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.31196.

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17

R. G. Evans, E. L. Proebsting, and M. O. Mahan. "Daily Furrow Irrigation in Orchards." Applied Engineering in Agriculture 6, no. 2 (1990): 175–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.26367.

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18

Fern�ndez-G�mez, R., L. Mateos, and J. V. Gir�ldez. "Furrow irrigation erosion and management." Irrigation Science 23, no. 3 (August 18, 2004): 123–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00271-004-0100-3.

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19

Mailapalli, Damodhara R., N. S. Raghuwanshi, and R. Singh. "Sediment transport in furrow irrigation." Irrigation Science 27, no. 6 (June 14, 2009): 449–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00271-009-0160-5.

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20

Holzapfel, E. A., J. Jara, C. Zuñiga, M. A. Mariño, J. Paredes, and M. Billib. "Infiltration parameters for furrow irrigation." Agricultural Water Management 68, no. 1 (July 2004): 19–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2004.03.002.

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21

Sutton, Kipp F., W. Thomas Lanini, Jefferey P. Mitchell, Eugene M. Miyao, and Anil Shrestha. "Weed Control, Yield, and Quality of Processing Tomato Production under Different Irrigation, Tillage, and Herbicide Systems." Weed Technology 20, no. 4 (December 2006): 831–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-05-057.1.

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A field experiment was conducted near Davis, CA, during the 2003 and 2004 summer growing seasons to compare weed control, yield, and fruit quality in different irrigation and tillage systems in processing tomato. Trial design was a subplots with the main plots as subsurface drip irrigation or furrow irrigation, subplots were standard tillage or conservation tillage, and sub-subplots were herbicide or no herbicide. The hypothesis was that subsurface drip irrigation could limit surface soil wetting and thus inhibit germination and growth of weeds equal to or better than standard tillage and/or herbicides. In both 2003 and 2004, weed densities in the subsurface drip irrigation treatments were over 98% lower than the levels in furrow irrigation treatments. In addition, weed densities were lower in the subsurface drip–conservation till–no herbicide treatment than in any of the furrow irrigation treatments, including the furrow irrigation–standard tillage–herbicide treatments. The time required for a hand-hoeing crew to remove weeds was 5 to 13 times greater in furrow irrigation treatments compared to subsurface drip irrigation treatments. Weed biomass on beds at tomato harvest was 10 to 14 times greater in the furrow systems as compared to the subsurface drip irrigation systems. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of subsurface drip irrigation in controlling weed germination and growth, compared to tillage or herbicide applications. Tomato yield was higher in the subsurface drip irrigation treatment compared to furrow irrigation in 2004. Herbicide treatment increased yield in 2004, but only in the furrow irrigation treatment in 2003. Fruit brix level was not related to treatment in 2003, but was lower in the subsurface drip irrigation plots in 2004. These results indicate that subsurface drip irrigation can reduce weed competition in conservation tillage systems, without requiring herbicide applications.

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22

Choi, C., I. Song, S. Stine, J. Pimentel, and C. Gerba. "Role of irrigation and wastewater reuse: comparison of subsurface irrigation and furrow irrigation." Water Science and Technology 50, no. 2 (July 1, 2004): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0089.

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Two different irrigation systems, subsurface drip irrigation and furrow irrigation, are tested to investigate the level of viral contamination and survival when tertiary effluent is used in arid and semi-arid regions. The effluent was injected with bacteriophages of PRD1 and MS2. A greater number of PRD1 and MS2 were recovered from the lettuce in the subsurface drip-irrigated plots as compared to those in the furrow-irrigated plots. Shallow drip tape installation and preferential water paths through cracks on the soil surface appeared to be the main causes of high viral contamination in subsurface drip irrigation plots, which led to the direct contact of the lettuce stems with the irrigation water which penetrated the soil surface. The water use efficiency of the subsurface drip irrigation system was higher than that of the furrow irrigation system. Thus, subsurface drip irrigation is an efficient irrigation method for vegetable crops in arid and semi-arid regions if viral contamination can be reduced. Deeper installation of drip tapes, frequent irrigations, and timely harvests based on cumulative heat units may further reduce health risks by ensuring viral die-off under various field conditions.

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23

Feibert, Erik B. G., Clinton C. Shock, and Lamont D. Saunders. "A Comparison of Onion Production Under Sprinkler, Subsurface Drip, and Furrow Irrigation." HortScience 30, no. 4 (July 1995): 839A—839. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.4.839a.

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Onion yield and grade were compared under sprinkler, subsurface drip, and furrow irrigation in 1992, 1993, and 1994. Furrow-irrigated onions were planted on two double rows on 1.12-m-wide beds at 352,000 seeds/ha. Sprinkler- and drip-irrigated onions were planted in nine single rows on a 2.24-m-wide bed at 432,100 seeds/acre. Drip plots had three drip lines buried 0.10 m deep in each 2.24-m bed. Soil water potential at 0.2-m depth was measured by tensiometers and granular matrix sensors (Watermark Model 200SS, Irrometer Co., Riverside, Calif.). Furrow irrigations were started when the soil water potential at the 0.2-m depth reached –25 kPa. Drip-irrigated onions had soil water potential at the 0.2-m depth kept wetter than –25 kPa by daily replacement of crop evapotranspiration (Etc). Sprinkler irrigations were started when the accumulated Etc reached 25 mm. Sprinkler irrigation resulted in significantly higher onion yield than furrow irrigation in 1993 and 1994. Sprinkler irrigation resulted in higher marketable onion yield than furrow irrigation in 1993. Drip irrigation resulted in significantly higher onion yield than furrow irrigation every year. Drip irrigation resulted in higher marketable onion yield than furrow irrigation in 1992 and 1994. Marketable onion yield was reduced in 1993 due to rot during storage.

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24

Mostafazadeh-Fard, Behrouz, Roghayeh Kavei-Deylami, Sayed-Hossain Saghaian-Nejad, and Ahmad Jalalian. "The comparison of advance and erosion of meandering furrow irrigation with standard furrow irrigation under varying furrow inflow rates." Irrigation and Drainage Systems 23, no. 4 (November 2009): 181–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10795-010-9093-7.

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25

O'Neill, C. J., E. Humphreys, J. Louis, and A. Katupitiya. "Maize productivity in southern New South Wales under furrow and pressurised irrigation." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 48, no. 3 (2008): 285. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea06093.

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Irrigation farmers in the Murray–Darling Basin of Australia are under considerable pressure to reduce the amount of water they use for irrigation, while sustaining production and profitability. Changing from surface to pressurised irrigation systems may provide some or all of these outcomes; however, little is known about the performance of alternative irrigation methods for broadacre annual crops in this region. Therefore, a demonstration site for comparing furrow, subsurface drip and sprinkler irrigation was established on a representative clay soil in the Coleambally Irrigation Area, NSW. The performance of maize (Zea mays L.) under the three irrigation systems was compared during the 2004–05 season. Subsurface drip irrigated maize out-performed sprinkler and furrow irrigated maize in terms of grain yield (drip 11.8 t/ha, sprinkler 10.5 t/ha, furrow 10.1 t/ha at 14% moisture), net irrigation water application (drip 5.1 ML/ha, sprinkler 6.2 ML/ha, furrow 5.3 ML/ha), net irrigation water productivity (drip 2.3 t/ML, sprinkler 1.7 t/ML, furrow 1.9 t/ML) and total water productivity (drip 1.7 t/ML, sprinkler 1.4 t/ML, furrow 1.3 t/ML). Thus, subsurface drip irrigation saved ~30% of the total amount of water (irrigation, rain, soil water) needed to produce the same quantity of grain using furrow irrigation, while sprinkler irrigation saved ~8% of the water used. The higher net irrigation with sprinkler irrigation was largely due to the lower soil water content in the sprinkler block at the time of sowing. An EM31 survey indicated considerable spatial soil variability within each irrigation block, and all irrigation systems had spatially variable water distribution. Yield variability was very high within all irrigation systems, and appeared to be more strongly associated with irrigation variability than soil variability. All irrigation blocks had large patches of early senescence and poor cob fill, which appeared to be due to nitrogen and/or water deficit stress. We expect that crop performance under all irrigation systems can be improved by improving irrigation, soil and N management.

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Lasa, Berta, Iosu Irañeta, Julio Muro, Ignacio Irigoyen, and Pedro María Aparicio Tejo. "Isotopic composition of maize as related to N-fertilization and irrigation in the Mediterranean region." Scientia Agricola 68, no. 2 (April 2011): 182–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90162011000200008.

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Nitrate leaching as a result of excessive application of N-fertilizers and water use is a major problem of vulnerable regions. The farming of maize requires high N fertilization and water inputs in Spain. Isotopic techniques may provide information on the processes involved in the N and C cycles in farmed areas. The aim of this work was studying the impact of sprinkler and furrow irrigation and N input on maize (Zea mays L.) yields, and whether isotopic composition can be used as indicator of best farming practices. Trials were set up in Tudela (Spain) with three rates of N fertilization (0, 240 and 320 kg urea-N ha-1) and two irrigation systems (furrow and sprinkler). Yield, nitrogen content, irrigation parameters, N fate and C and N isotope composition were determined. The rate of N fertilization required to obtain the same yield is considerably higher under furrow irrigation, since the crop has less N at its disposal in furrow irrigation as a result of higher loss of nitrogen by NO3--N leaching and denitrification. A lower δ13C in plants under furrow irrigation was recorded.The δ15N value of plant increased with the application rate of N under furrow irrigation.

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27

Gebreigziabher, Ekubay Tesfay. "Effect of Deficit Irrigation on Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Maize at Selekleka District, Ethiopia." Journal of Nepal Agricultural Research Council 6 (March 17, 2020): 127–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnarc.v6i0.28124.

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Irrigation water availability is diminishing in many areas of the Ethiopian regions, which require many irrigators to consider deficit-irrigation strategy. This study investigated the response of maize (Zea mays L.) to moisture deficit under conventional, alternate and fixed furrow irrigation systems combined with three irrigation amounts over a two years period. The field experiment was conducted at Selekleka Agricultural Research Farm of Shire-Maitsebri Agricultural Research Center. A randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications was used. Irrigation depth was monitored using a calibrated 2-inch throat Parshall flume. The effects of the treatments were evaluated in terms of grain yield, dry above-ground biomass, plant height, cob length and water use efficiency. The two years combined result indicated that net irrigation water applied in alternate furrow irrigation with full amount irrigation depth (100% ETc AFI) treatments was half (3773.5 m3/ha) than that of applied to the conventional furrow with full irrigation amount (CFI with 100% ETc) treatments (7546.9 m3/ha). Despite the very significant reduction in irrigation water used with alternate furrow irrigation (AFI), there was insignificant grain yield reduction in maize(8.31%) as compared to control treatment (CFI with100% ETc). In addition, we also obtained significantly (p<0.001) higher crop water use efficiency of 1.889 kg/m3 in alternate furrow irrigation (AFI), than that was obtained as 0.988 kg/m3 in conventional furrow irrigation (CFI). In view of the results, alternate furrow irrigation method (AFI) is taken as promising for conservation of water (3773.5 m3/ha), time (23:22'50" hours/ha), labor (217.36 USD/ha) and fuel (303.79 USD/ha) for users diverting water from the source to their fields using pump without significant trade-off in yield.

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Musa, M., M. Iqbal, M. Tariq, FH Sahi, NM Cheema, and FN Jahan. "Comparative water use efficiency of drip and furrow irrigation systems for off-season vegetables under plastic tunnel." SAARC Journal of Agriculture 12, no. 1 (December 3, 2014): 62–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sja.v12i1.21113.

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The experiment was conducted under plastic tunnel at Groundnut Research Station, Attock, Pakistan during 2006-2007 to 2008-2009 to determine water consumption by three off-season vegetables irrigated through drip and furrow systems, and to evaluate the comparative water use efficiency (WUE) of two irrigation systems in rain fed areas. Drip and furrow irrigation systems were tested on tomato, cucumber and bell pepper in this study. A permanent tunnel of 24 x 8 x 3 m was erected. Each crop was planted on 6 x 8 m under drip irrigation and on 6 x 2.70 m under furrow irrigation system. Water use efficiency was calculated as the ratio of total yield (kg) to total water consumed by the crop (m3). Each crop consumed less water under drip irrigation as compared to furrow irrigation system. Amomg crops, cucumber comsumed the least amount of water irrespective of irrigation systems. Average water use efficiency increased by 250% for tomato, 274% for cucumber and 245% for bell pepper under drip irrigation system as compared to furrow system. On the contrary, the average fruit yield increased only by 2.05% for tomato, 3.32% for cucumber and 2.35% for bell pepper in furrow irrigation over drip irrigation. This suggested that drip irrigation has a greater scope for production of off-season vegetables especially in water scarce areas of Pakistan. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sja.v12i1.21113 SAARC J. Agri., 12(1): 62-71 (2014)

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Wang, Shun Sheng, Song Lin Wang, and Chuan Chang Gao. "Study on Effects about the Growth of Summer Maize by Different Furrow Irrigation Way." Applied Mechanics and Materials 71-78 (July 2011): 2818–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.71-78.2818.

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The paper studies the effects of the growth about summer maize on different ways of furrow irrigation and Processing of water. The results showed that controlled alternative furrow irrigation can effectively inhibit the growth of maize redundancy, so that is conducive to production of photosynthetic to the formation of the direction of operation, irrigation and water consumption decreases, the yield unchanged. Reasonable control of water in the lower limit, controlled alternative furrow irrigation is suitable for water supply maize model.

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30

Wu, H. X., Yunxin Zhang, Lishu Wang, Dongjuan Chen, and Chao Ma. "Effect of infiltration head on soil water movement of small-diameter tube outflow furrow irrigation under mulch film." World Journal of Engineering 16, no. 2 (April 8, 2019): 232–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/wje-10-2017-0332.

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PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of different infiltration heads on soil water movement using a free infiltration test for small-diameter tube outflow furrow irrigation under mulch film.Design/methodology/approachThe test consisted of small-diameter tube outflow furrow irrigation under mulch film with three different infiltration heads (3, 4 and 5 cm) and furrow drip irrigation under mulch film using an infiltration head of 4 cm (CK).FindingsDuring irrigation, the accumulated infiltration and migration distance of the wetting front increased with time. During the same infiltration time, both the accumulated infiltration and horizontal migration distance of the wetting front increased with the larger infiltration head, whereas the vertical migration distance of the wetting front gradually decreased. With increasing distance from the furrow center, soil moisture content declined, but the uniformity of its distribution increased as the infiltration head increased.Originality/valueThis study can provide scientific basis for the use of small-diameter tube outflow furrow irrigation under mulch film.

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31

Hanson, Blaine, Stuart Spoto, Kent Kaita, and Todd W. Bruce. "Furrow irrigation and TOU electric rates." California Agriculture 44, no. 5 (September 1990): 29–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3733/ca.v044n05p29.

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32

Schwankl, Lawrence, Blaine Hanson, and Anthanasios Panoras. "Furrow torpedoes improve irrigation water advance." California Agriculture 46, no. 6 (November 1992): 15–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3733/ca.v046n06p15.

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33

Eftekharzadeh, Shahriar, Albert J. Clemmens, and Delmar D. Fangmeier. "Furrow Irrigation Using Canal Side Weirs." Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering 113, no. 2 (May 1987): 251–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9437(1987)113:2(251).

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34

Carter, D. L. "Furrow Irrigation Erosion Lowers Soil Productivity." Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering 119, no. 6 (November 1993): 964–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9437(1993)119:6(964).

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35

Renault, D., and W. W. Wallender. "Surface Storage in Furrow Irrigation Evaluation." Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering 123, no. 6 (November 1997): 415–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9437(1997)123:6(415).

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36

Roberto Testezlaf, Ronald L. Elliott, and James E. Garton. "Furrow Infiltration Under Surge Flow Irrigation." Transactions of the ASAE 30, no. 1 (1987): 0193–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.30426.

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37

Uddin, J., R. J. Smith, M. H. Gillies, P. Moller, and D. Robson. "Smart Automated Furrow Irrigation of Cotton." Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering 144, no. 5 (May 2018): 04018005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)ir.1943-4774.0001282.

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38

J. P. Schneekloth, N. L. Klocke, D. R. Davison, and J. O. Payero. "FURROW IRRIGATION MANAGEMENT WITH LIMITED WATER." Applied Engineering in Agriculture 22, no. 3 (2006): 391–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.20459.

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39

Apalkov, Alexander, Sergey Apalkov, Sergey Kuren, Sergey Popov, and Julianna Marchenko. "Development of a furrow irrigation method." E3S Web of Conferences 210 (2020): 04009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202021004009.

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The article describes the technology of laying a film covering with a specially selected perforation of holes on the laid groove with fastening the edges of the covering along its entire length. Calculations of the irrigation rate are given, which must be strictly observed for economical water use when irrigating along furrows. The use of a perforated polyethylene film screen will provide the required moisture capacity throughout the season. Stabilization of the irrigation regime will ensure high yields while complying with the requirements of the law on environmental protection. The most effective agrotechnical conditions are proposed and recommendations for the growing season are given.

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40

Westermann, D. T., D. L. Bjorneberg, J. K. Aase, and C. W. Robbins. "Phosphorus Losses in Furrow Irrigation Runoff." Journal of Environmental Quality 30, no. 3 (May 2001): 1009–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2001.3031009x.

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41

Rasoulzadeh, A., and A. R. Sepaskhah. "Scaled Infiltration Equations for Furrow Irrigation." Biosystems Engineering 86, no. 3 (November 2003): 375–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2003.07.004.

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42

Gonçalves, José M., André P. Muga, Mikhail G. Horst, and Luis S. Pereira. "Furrow irrigation design with multicriteria analysis." Biosystems Engineering 109, no. 4 (August 2011): 266–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2011.04.007.

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43

Graterol, Yvan E., Dean E. Eisenhauer, and Roger W. Elmore. "Alternate-furrow irrigation for soybean production." Agricultural Water Management 24, no. 2 (October 1993): 133–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-3774(93)90004-t.

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44

Singh, O. P., and P. K. Singh. "Effects of drip and alternate furrow method of irrigation on cotton yield and physical water productivity: A case study from farmers’ field of Bhavnagar district of Gujarat, India." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 13, no. 2 (June 5, 2021): 677–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v13i2.2696.

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With the growing irrigation water scarcity, the researchers and policymakers are more concerned to improve the irrigation water use efficiency at farmers’ field level. The water-saving technologies provide greater control over water delivery to the crop root zone and reduce the non-beneficial evaporation from the crop field. Water productivity is an important concept for measuring and comparing water use efficiency. The present study tried to estimate the irrigation water use and physical water productivity of cotton under alternate furrow and drip irrigation methods in the Bhavnagar district of Gujarat. Results suggest that crop yield and physical water productivity were higher for cotton irrigated by drip method than alternate furrow method during normal rainfall and drought year. The irrigation water use under the drip method of irrigation was lower as compared to the alternate furrow method. In the case of total water (effective rainfall + irrigation water) use, per hectare crop yield and physical water productivity were higher for the drip method of irrigation than the alternate furrow method of irrigating cotton crop during normal rainfall and drought year. In the case of total water use (effective rainfall + irrigation water), it was lower for drip irrigation than the alternate furrow method of irrigating cotton crop during normal rainfall year and drought year. While estimating total water (effective rainfall + irrigation water) use, it was assumed that there is no return flow of water from the cotton field in the study area under both irrigation methods.

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45

Mailapalli, Damodhara R., Narendra S. Raghuwanshi, and Rajendra Singh. "Sediment Transport Model for a Surface Irrigation System." Applied and Environmental Soil Science 2013 (2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/957956.

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Controlling irrigation-induced soil erosion is one of the important issues of irrigation management and surface water impairment. Irrigation models are useful in managing the irrigation and the associated ill effects on agricultural environment. In this paper, a physically based surface irrigation model was developed to predict sediment transport in irrigated furrows by integrating an irrigation hydraulic model with a quasi-steady state sediment transport model to predict sediment load in furrow irrigation. The irrigation hydraulic model simulates flow in a furrow irrigation system using the analytically solved zero-inertial overland flow equations and 1D-Green-Ampt, 2D-Fok, and Kostiakov-Lewis infiltration equations. Performance of the sediment transport model was evaluated for bare and cropped furrow fields. The results indicated that the sediment transport model can predict the initial sediment rate adequately, but the simulated sediment rate was less accurate for the later part of the irrigation event. Sensitivity analysis of the parameters of the sediment module showed that the soil erodibility coefficient was the most influential parameter for determining sediment load in furrow irrigation. The developed modeling tool can be used as a water management tool for mitigating sediment loss from the surface irrigated fields.

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Fandika, Isaac R., Grivin Chipula, and Geoffrey Mwepa. "Water Use Efficiency Differences in Maize Varieties under Every Furrow and Alternate Furrow Irrigation." Sustainable Agriculture Research 9, no. 2 (February 7, 2020): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/sar.v9n2p17.

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Water-use efficiency (WUE) differences of selected maize varieties under alternate and every furrow irrigation were investigated in a split-plot design trials with three replicates. Alternate furrow (AFI) and Every furrow irrigation (EFI) were main treatments and twenty maize varieties were sub-treatments. Plots were 64 m2 with one maize seed per station spaced at 0.25m apart. Crop water use results indicated that EFI consumed more water than the AFI. The AFI reduced crop water consumption by 38 - 45% compared to EFI.  Differences were also prominent in maize varieties’ response to AFI. Late maturing maize varieties proved to have minor yield reduction with AFI compared to early and medium maturing maize varieties. WUE (kg m-3) differed with irrigation water application strategy (P<0.001). AFI had high WUE. A combination of AFI with selection of water efficient maize varieties was a good strategy for improving WUE. The AFI is a promising furrow irrigation water management strategy for water saving. According to farmers experience at five irrigation schemes and on station research, it was concluded that AFI is one of the climate smart irrigation technique that farmer can easily adopt and apply as it saves labour, time water whilst reducing conflict for water among irrigators. It was recommended that AFI be applied fully on early and medium maturing maize varieties within an irrigation interval of 7 days. For late maturing maize varieties, AFI technique should be applied from initial stage to mid - stage (up 55 days from planting) then apply EFI at tasselling and silking stages to reduce water stress at this critical stage.

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Bell, A. A., L. Liu, B. Reidy, R. M. Davis, and K. V. Subbarao. "Mechanisms of Subsurface Drip Irrigation-Mediated Suppression of Lettuce Drop Caused by Sclerotinia minor." Phytopathology® 88, no. 3 (March 1998): 252–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.1998.88.3.252.

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Subsurface drip irrigation and associated mandatory minimum tillage practices significantly reduced the incidence of lettuce drop (Sclerotinia minor) and the severity of corky root on lettuce compared with furrow irrigation and conventional tillage. Three possible mechanisms for the drip irrigation-mediated disease suppression were examined in this study: qualitative and quantitative differences in the soil microflora under furrow and subsurface drip irrigation; their antagonism and potential bio-control effects on S. minor; and the physical distribution of soil moisture and temperature relative to the two irrigation methods. To determine if the suppressive effects under subsurface drip irrigation were related to changes in soil microflora, soils were assayed for actinomycetes, bacteria, and fungi during the spring and fall seasons. The effects of the irrigation methods on microbial populations were nearly identical during both seasons. In the spring season, the total number of fungal colonies recovered on potato dextrose agar amended with rose Bengal generally was greater in soils under drip irrigation than under furrow irrigation, but no such differences were observed during the fall. Numbers of actinomycetes and bacteria were not significantly different between irrigation methods during either season. No interaction between sampling time and irrigation methods was observed for any of the microbial populations during both seasons. Thus, the significant effect of sampling time observed for actinomycete and bacterial populations during the spring was most likely not caused by the irrigation treatments. There were also no qualitative differences in the three groups of soil microflora between the irrigation treatments. Even though some fungal, actinomycete, and bacterial isolates suppressed mycelial growth of S. minor in in vitro assays, the isolates came from both subsurface drip- and furrow-irrigated soils. In in planta assays, selected isolates failed to reduce the incidence of drop in lettuce plants. The soil moisture under subsurface drip irrigation was significantly lower at all depths and distances from the bed center after an irrigation event than under furrow irrigation. The soil temperature, in contrast, was significantly higher at both 5 and 15 cm depths under drip irrigation than under furrow irrigation. The suppression of lettuce drop under subsurface drip irrigation compared with furrow irrigation is attributed to differential moisture and temperature effects rather than to changes in the soil microflora or their inhibitory effects on S. minor.

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48

Lentz, Rick D., Eduardo Bautista, Anita Koehn, and Robert Sojka. "Infiltration and Soil Water Distribution in Irrigation Furrows Treated with Polyacrylamide." Transactions of the ASABE 63, no. 5 (2020): 1451–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.13939.

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HighlightsControl furrows with 1× inflow rates were compared with 3× advance inflows treated with 10 mg L-1 polymer (WSPAM).WSPAM reduced sediment loads in furrow streams by 89%, despite its 3× greater advance inflows.WSPAM furrow advance times and infiltrated volumes were greater than predicted from increased inflows alone.WSPAM enabled reduced upper-section infiltration and increased lower-section infiltration relative to control furrows.Abstract. Few if any studies have measured the effects of water-soluble anionic polyacrylamide (WSPAM) on infiltration and soil water distribution in different segments of irrigation furrows. We conducted a four-year study on a silt loam soil with 1.5% slopes. Control furrows received no WSPAM and inflows were 15.1 L min-1, whereas WSPAM was applied using 10 mg L-1 a.i. to 45 L min-1 inflows during furrow advance. Despite its greater advance phase inflow rates, WSPAM application reduced sediment concentrations in furrow streams by an average of 89% relative to the control. A surface irrigation model, WinSRFR 5.1, was used to separate furrow inflow rate effects on infiltration from that of WSPAM. Relative to results predicted by simulation for the entire furrow, the polymer treatment: (1) increased advance time an average 1.4-fold, (2) increased advance-phase infiltrated volume 1.5-fold, and (3) increased infiltration volume at the common opportunity time 1.2-fold. Hence, these effects resulted from WSPAM and not from differences in treatment inflow rates. Treatment infiltration amounts varied markedly among irrigations and years, as did the intensity of WSPAM effects. These were attributed mainly to differences in infiltration opportunity time, but temporal differences in soil water content during furrow formation, irrigation water electrical conductivity, initial soil surface water content and water temperature, and the irrigation-long, furrow-stream mean sediment content also appear to have influenced infiltration rates. Although inconsistent, WSPAM increased net furrow infiltration in the lower section and reduced infiltration in the upper section relative to control furrows. This effect could not be explained by the greater inflow rate and shorter advance time of the WSPAM treatments and was attributed to spatially variable WSPAM effects on infiltration opportunity time and possibly irrigation water viscosity. The WSPAM management approach, while protecting against furrow erosion, may potentially provide a means of improving irrigation uniformity and reducing associated percolation water and nutrient losses. Keywords: Furrow advance, Irrigation, Irrigation uniformity, Polymers.

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Hailu, E. K., Y. D. Urga, N. A. Sori, F. R. Borona, and K. N. Tufa. "Sesame Yield Response to Deficit Irrigation and Water Application Techniques in Irrigated Agriculture, Ethiopia." International Journal of Agronomy 2018 (December 2, 2018): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/5084056.

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The study was conducted at Werer Agricultural Research Center, Addis Ababa, for two years, 2013 and 2015, during main seasons and for three years, 2012/13, 2013/14, and 2014/15, during the cool period cropping season (November to February) as in the local cropping calendar. The study was aimed at identifying optimum soil moisture stress for sesame and thereby determining appropriate water-saving irrigation methods and also productivity under limited water resource conditions. Nine treatments with three levels of irrigation water percentage based on evapotranspiration of the crop (ETc) (100% ETc, 75% ETc, and 50% ETc) and three types of furrow irrigation methods (alternate furrow, fixed furrow, and conventional furrow) were used. The study design was randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The yield of sesame had significant (p<0.05) variation among treatments due to deficit irrigation levels and application methods for sesame planted in main seasons. The highest mean yield of 937.50 kg/ha and 2797.6 kg/ha was obtained from the treatment of 50% ETc with alternate and conventional furrow application methods in 2013 and 2015, respectively. The combined mean yield of two years (2013–2015) showed different levels of deficit irrigation, and irrigation methods had a significant effect (p<0.05) on main season planted sesame. Hence, the highest mean yield of 1846.7 kg/ha was obtained from the application of 50% ETc with the conventional furrow application method. In the cool planting season, the highest mean yield of 528.55 kg/ha, 1432.3 kg/ha, and 1562.5 kg/ha was obtained from treatments of 50% ETc, 75% ETc, and 100% ETc with the conventional furrow application method in 2012/13, 2013/14, and 2014/15, respectively. Moreover, during the same period over years, combined analysis showed that the highest mean yield of 1053 kg/ha was obtained from application of 100% ETc with the conventional furrow application method. Thus, it is concluded that a deficit irrigation treatment of 50% ETc with the conventional furrow application method for main season and application of 100% ETc with the conventional furrow application method for cool planting season are best practices of water-saving strategies for irrigated agriculture system.

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Song, In-Hong, Peter M. Waller, C. Yeon-Sik Choi, and Soon-Kuk Kwun. "Water Use Efficiency of Subsurface Drip Irrigation and Furrow Irrigation." Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers 49, no. 2 (March 31, 2007): 3–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5389/ksae.2007.49.2.003.

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