Academic literature on the topic 'Winch and furrow irrigation'

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Journal articles on the topic "Winch and furrow irrigation"

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Vilas Boas, Marcio Antonio. "PROGRAMA COMPUTACIONAL PARA SIMULAÇÃO DA IRRIGAÇÃO POR SUPERFÍCIE." IRRIGA 4, no. 3 (August 20, 1999): 124–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.15809/irriga.1999v4n3p124-131.

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PROGRAMA COMPUTACIONAL PARA SIMULAÇÃO DA IRRIGAÇÃO POR SUPERFÍCIE Márcio Antônio Vilas BoasUNIOESTE - Universidade Estadual do Oeste do ParanáDepartamento Engenharia - Cx. Postal 711Fone: (045) 225 -2100 (R-249) - Fax : (045) 223-4584CEP: 85814-110 - Cascavel - PR - Brasil 1 RESUMO Os modelos matemáticos propostos para simular o processo de irrigação por superfície constituem recursos valiosos, capazes de incluir inúmeras alternativas de dimensionamento, a um custo e tempo reduzidos. O objetivo do presente trabalho resumiu-se no desenvolvimento de um programa computacional para simular todas as fases do processo de irrigação por superfície, utilizando a aproximação Zero-inércia das equações de Saint-Venant. A linguagem de programação utilizada foi Visual Basic, em ambiente Windows 95. Para proceder à avaliação do modelo utilizou-se dados de irrigação em sulco e faixa obtidos em campos experimentais de precisão. Os resultados mostraram-se plenamente satisfatórios para a simulação de todas as fases da irrigação. O programa computacional desenvolvido pode ser útil também como instrumento didático. UNITERMOS: irrigação, irrigação por sulcos, simulação computacional. VILAS BOAS, M. A . Software for simulation of the surface irrigation 2 ABSTRACT The use of mathematical models to predict surface irrigation process may be a valuable tool wich allows several design alternatives, at reduced cost and time. The aim of this work is to develop a software to simulate all phases of surface irrigation, under the Zero-inertia approach, using a complete equations to describe surface flow. The computer program was developed in Visual Basic in Windows 95 environment. The model performance was evaluated by comparison with a precision furrow and border irrigation data. The results of both approaches were in good agreement with field data. The program may be also a useful tool for teaching. KEYWORDS: irrigation, surface irrigation furrow, computer simulation.
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Enciso, Juan, John Jifon, Juan Anciso, and Luis Ribera. "Productivity of Onions Using Subsurface Drip Irrigation versus Furrow Irrigation Systems with an Internet Based Irrigation Scheduling Program." International Journal of Agronomy 2015 (2015): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/178180.

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Selection of the proper irrigation method will be advantageous to manage limited water supplies and increase crop profitability. The overall objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) and furrow irrigation on onion yield and irrigation use efficiency. This study was conducted in two locations, a commercial field and a field located at the Texas A&M AgriLife Research Center in Weslaco, TX. This study was conducted as a split-plot design for both sites with two treatments (SDI and furrow irrigation) and three replications per treatment. The total onion yield obtained with the SDI systems was more than 93% higher than the yield obtained with furrow irrigation systems. The large onion size was 181% higher for the SDI system than the furrow system in both sites. The colossal size yield was also higher. At one site colossal yield was 206% higher than furrow, while at another site furrow yielded no colossal onions and SDI had some production. It was concluded that drip irrigation systems more than double yields and increased onion size while using almost half of the water. This was due to SDI allowing for more frequent and smaller irrigation depths with higher irrigation efficiency than furrow irrigation systems.
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Dibal, Jibrin M., A. A. Ramalan, O. J. Mudiare, and H. E. Igbadun. "Scenario Studies on Effects of Soil Infiltration Rates, Land Slope, and Furrow Irrigation Characteristics on Furrow Irrigation-Induced Erosion." International Scholarly Research Notices 2014 (November 10, 2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/942732.

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Furrow irrigation proceeds under several soil-water-furrow hydraulics interaction dynamics. The soil erosion consequences from such interactions in furrow irrigation in Samaru had remained uncertain. A furrow irrigation-induced erosion (FIIE) model was used to simulate the potential severity of soil erosion in irrigated furrows due to interactive effects of infiltration rates, land slope, and some furrow irrigation characteristics under different scenarios. The furrow irrigation characteristics considered were furrow lengths, widths, and stream sizes. The model itself was developed using the dimensional analysis approach. The scenarios studied were the interactive effects of furrow lengths, furrow widths, and slopes steepness; infiltration rates and furrow lengths; and stream sizes, furrow lengths, and slopes steepness on potential furrow irrigation-induced erosion, respectively. The severity of FIIE was found to relate somewhat linearly with slope and stream size, and inversely with furrow lengths and furrow width. The worst soil erosion (378.05 t/ha/yr) was found as a result of the interactive effects of 0.65 m furrow width, 50 m furrow length, and 0.25% slope steepness; and the least soil erosion (0.013 t/ha/yr) was induced by the combined effects of 0.5 l/s, 200 m furrow length, and 0.05% slope steepness. Evidently considering longer furrows in furrow irrigation designs would be a better alternative of averting excessive FIIE.
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Wang, Ming Xia, Jing Tian, and Wei Dong Wang. "Effects of Controlled Alternate Furrow Irrigation on Soil Water Movement and Water Utilization Efficiency of Soybean." Applied Mechanics and Materials 438-439 (October 2013): 1446–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.438-439.1446.

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Controlled alternate furrow irrigation is one of the new irrigation methods. In order to research the adaptation of soybean, soil water movement and water utilization efficiency under controlled alternate furrow irrigation in the north China, the experiment was done with Lysimeter in Kaifeng. The results show that compared with conventional furrow irrigation (CFI), the controlled alternate furrow irrigation has suitable irrigation quantity that is not only helpful for enhancing water use efficiency, increasing yield, but also helpful for reducing deep percolation. Therefore, the controlled alternate irrigation is a feasible irrigation method in Kaifeng. However, the quantity of controlled alternate furrow irrigation can be too low to enhance the yield of soybean and economic benefit.
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& Karim, Karim. "ENHANCING FURROW IRRIGATION PERFORMANCE AND WATER PRODUCTIVITY THROUGH BETTER DESIGN AND WATER MANAGEMENT IN A CRACKED SOIL." IRAQI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES 51, no. 5 (October 30, 2020): 1276–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v51i5.1135.

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Furrow irrigation is widely used because of its low cost and energy requirement, but less efficient compared with the pressurized irrigation systems. Management of water resources in Vertisols is more problematic compared to other soil groups. This soil is representing a vast crop production resource and account for a considerable portion of the region under study. The preferential flow has a profound effect on the performance furrow irrigation in cracked soils. Accordingly, itis of vital importance to select the most appropriate management practices to improve the performance of surface irrigation in these soils. Accordingly, a series of field experiments were conducted over a cracked soil at a research farm located in the outskirt of Sulaimani city during the summer seasons of 2017 and 2018 with furrow lengths in the range of 30 to 70 m. The main objectives were to improve the performance of furrow irrigation and water use efficiency of eggplant by changing furrow shape and length by application different irrigation techniques. The results indicated that irrigation efficiency tended to increase by reducing furrow length, by decreasing available water depletion and by changing the furrow shape. Overall, the applied irrigation treatments can be ranked according to the degree of their effectiveness in term of irrigation performance, eggplant fruit yield and water use efficiency as follows: Surge flow > Fixed furrow irrigation > Alternate furrow irrigation > Cutback > continuous flow.
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Sabillón, G. N., and G. P. Merkley. "Fertigation guidelines for furrow irrigation." Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 2, no. 4 (December 1, 2004): 576. http://dx.doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2004024-114.

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Camacho, E., J. Roldán, and M. Alcaide. "INFILTRATION UNDER SURGE FURROW IRRIGATION." Acta Horticulturae, no. 335 (April 1993): 497–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1993.335.61.

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Rayej, Mohammad, and Wesley W. Wallender. "Furrow Irrigation Simulation Time Reduction." Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering 111, no. 2 (June 1985): 134–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9437(1985)111:2(134).

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Strelkoff, Theodor. "Dimensionless Formulation of Furrow Irrigation." Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering 111, no. 4 (December 1985): 380–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9437(1985)111:4(380).

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Singh, Vijay P., and Yu‐Cheng He. "Muskingum Model for Furrow Irrigation." Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering 114, no. 1 (February 1988): 89–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9437(1988)114:1(89).

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Winch and furrow irrigation"

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Baillie, Craig Peter. "Strategies for maximising sugarcane yield with limited water in the Bundaberg district." University of Southern Queensland, Faculty of Engineering and Surveying, 2004. http://eprints.usq.edu.au/archive/00001406/.

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[Abstract]: Sugarcane farmers in Bundaberg have had limited access to irrigation water over the last ten years. The district has the potential of growing 3.8 million tonnes of sugarcane. However, a series of dry seasons saw this reduce to 2.1 million tonnes in 2002. Compounding the effects of both dry seasons and limited water supplies has been a 30% reduction in the sugar price over this period. The irrigation requirement of sugarcane in the Bundaberg area is 8 ML/ha. The original allocated volume for sugarcane production in this area was 4.5 ML/ha (based on 1970 production areas). However, as the area under production has increased and announced allocations in each year has reduced, this allocation is now equivalent to an application volume of about 2 ML/ha A change from the traditional practice of full irrigation is required as water supplies become depleted. As there were no clear guidelines on how growers could respond to diminishing water supplies, this research investigated opportunities to fine tune irrigation practices and the performance of irrigation systems (ie. low cost solutions) that would assist growers to maximise sugarcane yield. A grower survey was initially conducted to identify current practice and opportunities for change. Field investigations focused on the performance of water winch and furrow irrigation systems, which make up 91% of the irrigated area in the district. As most of these application systems have insufficient capacity to meet crop demands opportunities to schedule irrigations were limited to start up after rain. Improvements in irrigation system performance were found to provide the greatest potential to increase sugarcane yield under conditions of limited water. Investigations identified that irrigation performance could be significantly improved through relatively minor adjustment. Field trials found that wind speed and direction significantly influenced the performance of travelling gun irrigators. Although growers were generally aware of the effects of wind, meteorological data suggested that the opportunity to operate water winches in low wind conditions is limited. Changing to a taper nozzle under moderate to high wind conditions will reduce the effect of wind on performance. This practice was found to improve the uniformity (measured by Christiansen’s Uniformity Coefficient, CU) by 16%. The grower survey indicated that there was no preference towards the use of taper nozzles in windy conditions. Additional trial work developed a relationship between the variation in water applied to the field through non uniformity and sugarcane yield. An 8% reduction in yield was determined for a 10% reduction in CU. This indicated that changing to a taper nozzle could potentially increase sugarcane yield by 15% in high wind conditions. Other settings, which also influenced uniformity, included lane spacing and gun arc angle Simple changes to the operation of furrow irrigation systems were also found to dramatically improve irrigation performance. Field measurements in combination with simulation modelling of irrigation events using SIRMOD II identified that current irrigation performance ranged in application efficiency from 45 to 99% (mean of 79%) and a distribution uniformity from 71 to 93% (mean of 82%). Both application efficiency and distribution uniformity were increased to greater than 90% and 84% respectively, except on a cracking clay soil. Improvements in application efficiency and distribution uniformity were achieved by adjusting furrow flow rate (cup size), turning the irrigation off at the right time (ie. just as it reached the end of the field) and banking the end of the field. Growers had a good understanding of the correct cut off time and were attentive to reducing run off through either banking ends or tail water return. However, growers had a poor understanding of the significance of furrow flow rate. Other opportunities to improve irrigation performance on high infiltration soils included alternate furrow irrigation and shallow cultivation practices which maintained compaction in the interspace and reduced infiltration. Soil moisture and crop growth measurements indicated that sugarcane yield could be maximised by starting the irrigation rotation earlier after rainfall (ie. at a deficit equal to the irrigation amount). These observations were modelled using the crop simulation model APSIM sugar to assess the strategy over a longer time interval and the influence of seasonal variation. Simulation modelling showed that final sugarcane yields were not sensitive to irrigation start-up strategies. Yields for the start-up strategies modelled varied by less than 5 tc/ha. This minor difference occurred as the crop yield was driven by the total amount of water available to the plant. The limited amount of irrigation water available to the plant (2 to 3 ML/ha) had only a minor effect on the water balance and no significant change to effective rainfall between strategies. The greatest difference in yield occurred between irrigation treatments when water was left over at the end of the season (9.2 tc/ha). Starting irrigation earlier after rainfall events (on a 14 day rotation) provided the greatest opportunity to use all of the available irrigation supply. By comparison, delaying the application of the first irrigation after rainfall resulted in some of the irrigation water not being applied in 30% of years.
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Silva, Euzebio Medrado da. "Analysis of furrow irrigation uniformity as affected by furrow spacing." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185190.

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This research examines the effects of furrow spacing on irrigation uniformity and efficiency. Laboratory and field experiments were conducted to obtain information on soil physical characteristics, furrow infiltration and water advance data in order to validate the theoretical results. A furrow infiltration model based on Richards' equation and a finite element technique is developed and used to predict infiltrated depths in the transverse and longitudinal directions relative to the furrow centerline and furrow inlet, respectively. The model predicted measured furrow infiltration in the field from the third irrigation but failed to do so for the first and second irrigations. Simulations of furrow irrigation in a hypothetical soil with various furrow spacings showed that cumulative infiltration is not affected by furrow spacing until the lateral wetting front reaches the imaginary vertical boundary located midway between two furrows. An analysis of uniformity and efficiency from predicted water distribution profiles from field irrigated furrows are conclusive in that the use of longitudinal water distribution profile alone is not enough to assess the performance of furrow irrigation. The transverse distribution of infiltrated depths which is a function of furrow spacing must be included in the analysis.
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Nyawakira, Bernard 1955. "Evaluation of two furrow infiltration measuring methods and furrow spacings." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277171.

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The effect of furrow spacing on infiltration should be determined in order to properly design an irrigation system. The blocked furrow infiltrometer (BFI) and the flowing furrow infiltrometer (FFI) methods were investigated for this purpose in two areas upon a precision field furrow. Three irrigations were performed in each method. The initial and final soil moisture contents (before and after irrigation), the furrow cross-section (before and after irrigation), the inflow volume and the furrow water surface elevations (during irrigation) were measured in each test furrow. Cumulative infiltration and infiltration rates were determined for each irrigation. The results indicate that the FFI test furrows infiltrated more water than did the BFI test furrows for the same infiltration time. The infiltration rates were higher in the FFI test furrows than in the BFI test furrows until they approach the basic intake rate. The infiltration rates were also higher during the 0.90 m spacing tests than during the 1.80 m spacing tests. The 0.90 m spacing test furrows infiltrated more water than did the 1.80 m spacing test furrows.
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Manning, Charles Roger 1956. "Infiltration parameters for mathematical models of furrow irrigation." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278286.

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The effort to improve furrow irrigation design and management by use of mathematical models is hampered by the difficulty of obtaining infiltration parameters that adequately describe the infiltration process in furrows. This difficulty is related to the effect on infiltration of the variability of wetted width of a furrow with depth. Detailed field measurements of twelve furrow irrigations were used to develop infiltration parameters based on three different assumptions regarding the variation of wetted width with depth. These infiltration parameters were used as input into a mathematical model of furrow irrigation, SRFR. Comparison of measured advance times, water surface elevations and volume of water infiltrated with these values computed by SRFR indicates that SRFR gives consistent results based on the input parameters.
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Esfandiari, Baiat Mansour, of Western Sydney Hawkesbury University, of Science Technology and Agriculture Faculty, and School of Agriculture and Rural Development. "Evaluation of furrow irrigation models for south-east Australia." THESIS_FSTA_ARD_EsfandiariBaiat_M.xml, 1997. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/739.

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The overall objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of selected furrow irrigation models for field conditions in south-east Australia. The other important aspects which were examined during this study include: developing a methodology for estimating of infiltrating characteristics, assessing the applicability of the Manning and other similar equations for flows in furrow irrigation, investigating the variation of shape factor during irrigation developing methodology for estimation of recession time and exploring the sensitivity of the models to the input parameters. Field experiments were conducted at Walla Park in northern N.S.W. and on two selected paddocks at the University Farm, Richmond, in western Sydney,Australia, over a period of three years. The validity of the assumption that the shape factor of advancing water front during furrow irrigation varies between 0.7 and 0.8 was investigated using field data collected from irrigation events monitored in the study. It was found that the average values of the shape factor varied from 0.96 to 1.80 at Walla Park site, from 0.56 to 0.80 at Field Services unit paddock site and from 0.78 to 0.84 at Horticulture Farm paddock site. The value of shape factor was affected by uniformity of furrow cross section along the length, the value and uniformity of furrow slope, furrow length and infiltration characteristics of soil. This means it is difficult to recommend a typical value for the shape factor for a given field situation.The performance of the models for prediction of advance and recession characteristics and runoff were evaluated using different indices of performance. In general, it was found that the Walker-HD and ZI model was the most satisfactory for the field conditions encountered in this study. This finding can provide a basis for initiating work on developing design criteria and management strategies for furrow irrigation in south-east Australia.
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
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McClymont, David Jeffrey. "Development of a decision support system for furrow and border irrigation." University of Southern Queensland, Faculty of Engineering and Surveying, 2007. http://eprints.usq.edu.au/archive/00004083/.

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[Abstract]: Furrow and border irrigation practices in Australia and around the world are typically inefficient. Recent advances in computer-based surface irrigationdecision support technology have the potential to improve performance, but have had little uptake. Despite considerable academic achievements with individualcomponents of the technology, the implementation of this knowledge into usable tools has been immature, hindering adoption. In particular, there has been littleprogress in encapsulating the different decision support components into a standalone system for surface irrigation. Therefore, the research problem addressed in this dissertation aims to develop a new decision support system for furrow and border irrigation aimed at increasing the usability of the technology, and improving decision making capabilities. Specifically the research hypothesis is:“That calibration, optimisation, and parameter analysis capabilities can be developed and integrated with an accurate and robust simulation model into a decision support system to improve furrow and border irrigation performance.”Six research objectives have been identified to support the hypothesis including: (RO1) investigate existing surface irrigation modelling technology to determine amodel and solution technique structure suitable for incorporating into a decision support system; (RO2) develop a robust reliable simulation engine for furrow andborder irrigation for automation within a decision support system under optimisation and systematic response evaluation; (RO3) investigate and develop parameter estimation (calibration) capabilities for the decision support system; (RO4) investigate and develop optimisation capabilities for the decision support system; (RO5) investigate and develop parameter response (design charts)capabilities for the decision support system; and (RO6) develop an objectoriented framework to combine the components developed in Research Objectives 2 to 5 with data management facilities and a graphical user interface.Successful completion of these objectives has resulted in the development of a decision support system for furrow and border irrigation featuring an automationcapablehydrodynamic simulation engine, automated full-hydrodynamic inverse solution, automated optimisation of design and management variables, and automated user-definable real-time generation of system response. This wascombined with a highly flexible object-oriented program structure and webbrowser-like graphical user interface. Each of these components represents a unique implementation of the required functionalities, differing from the established software packages (such as SIRMOD and WinSRFR) that use alternate technologies with no automation or optimisation capabilities.Development of the hydrodynamic simulation engine has involved the refinement of the commonly used implicit double-sweep methodology with the objectives ofachieving robustness and reliability under automation. It was subsequently found that only subtle changes and manipulations were required in much of thenumerical methodology, including derivation of simplified solution equations. The main focus of this research has targeted the computational algorithms that drivethe numerical solution process. Key factors effecting robustness and reliability were identified in a study of simulation operation, and treated through thesealgorithms. Validation was undertaken against output from the SIRMOD simulation engine, with robustness and reliability tested through tens of thousands of simulations under optimisation and automated system response evaluation.The calibration facilities demonstrated that the inverse-solution using the fullhydrodynamic model is a viable and robust methodology for the unique identification of up to three infiltration/roughness parameters. Two optimisationmethods were investigated during this research with objective-functions based upon either a volume-balance time-of-advance equation, or complete simulationsof the hydrodynamic model. A simple but robust optimisation algorithm was designed for this purpose. While the volume-balance method proved fast andreliable, its accuracy is reduced due to the underlying assumptions and simplistic model structure. The hydrodynamic method was shown to be accurate, althoughit suffered slow execution times. It was therefore decided to use the two methods in tandem during the solution process where the faster volume-balance method is used to provide starting estimates for the more accuratehydrodynamic method. Response-surface investigation for the advance-based objective function identified a unique solution when solving for three parameters.It was found that the automated unconstrained optimisation of design and management practices is limited to the selection of one solution variable (time to cut-off) due to non-unique multi-variable solutions. Nevertheless, the developed facilities provide a unique benchmarking of irrigation performance potential. This research has used the earlier-developed optimisation algorithm to automatesimulations using a prototype objective-function based upon user-defined weightings of key performance measures. A study of the response-surfaces ofdifferent configurations of the objective-function identified parabolic ridges of alternate solutions, so, in practice, the optimisation process simplifies down tooptimising only one parameter: time-to-cutoff. It was also recognized that the performance-based objective functions are highly sensitive to numerical discretisation inconsistencies that occur between simulations, which impede solution convergence.The highly customisable, automated, system response evaluation facilities developed in this research offer potential as both a research and practitionertool, capable of multidimensional analysis of irrigation systems subject to temporal and spatial infiltration variations. A preliminary study demonstrated theimportance of infiltration variation on irrigation decision-making, and provided initial guideline layout designs that combined the effects of variable infiltrationand three decision variables using a fixed management strategy of minimising runoff. A limited range of response outputs for a fixed management objectivenegated the potential benefit of visualising a large number of dimensions. Nevertheless, this study provided direction for the subsequent software development with recommendations including: representing system outputs ascontours and iso-curves, rather than by the chart axes; representing different infiltration conditions in separate design charts; allowing the user to assignvariables to each chart axis; and representing only two decision variables in each chart.Finally, the simulation, calibration, optimisation and parameter analysis components were combined with a database and graphical user interface todevelop the FIDO (Furrow Irrigation Decision Optimiser) decision support system. There were three focus areas during this marriage of components; firstly, anobject-oriented structure was developed to accommodate program elements concentrating on separating the graphical user interface components from other task related objects for flexible future development; secondly, a database wasdeveloped using XML-based technologies to store property, paddock, event and model information; and thirdly, a user-friendly graphical user interface was created with web-browser-like functionality. The software design evolved through many different prototypes with its current design being heavily influenced from the successes and mistakes of the previous attempts.This work represents the first coordinated attempt to develop a decision support system for furrow irrigation linking a database, simulation engine, calibrationfacilities, optimisation facilities, and parameter analysis capabilities. A major feature of this work is that all components of the system have been developedfrom first principles using an object-oriented structure, with the primary goal of implementation into a decision support system. This research has contributed tothe development of a professional-quality software package to improve the decision-making capabilities of researchers, irrigation consultants, and irrigators.
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Chernicky, J. P., and K. C. Hamilton. "Application of Herbicides in Cotton Through Gravity Flow Furrow Irrigation." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/219728.

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The 1985 and 1986 Cotton Reports have the same publication and P-Series numbers.
The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the potential of applying herbicides in the irrigation water during a furrow irrigation as an alternate method of herbicide application in cotton. Further research is needed to study this method of applying herbicides. If a program could be designed for the Arizona cotton grower, it would help reduce production costs. However before this method can be recommended the environmental impact of such a treatment must be investigated to prevent jeopardizing currently labelled herbicides in cotton.
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Norton, E. R., and J. C. Silvertooth. "Evaluation of a Drip Vs. Furrow Irrigated Cotton Production System." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/211297.

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A newly installed subsurface drip system was compared to a conventional furrow-irrigated cotton production system in the Marana Valley in 2000. Regular measurements included soil moisture, flower tagging, general plant growth and development measurements, and lint yield. Results indicate that an increase in lint yield of approximately 250 lbs. lint/acre was obtained under the drip irrigation system. Approximately 1/3 less irrigation water was used under the drip irrigation system. Pounds of lint produced per acre-inch of water applied provide the most dramatic results. In the furrow-irrigated system approximately 25 lbs. of lint was produced per inch of water applied while the drip system ranged from 70-80.
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Elkhidir, A. M. "Furrow irrigation in cracking clay soils : with special reference to the Sudan." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.356537.

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Tagseth, Mattias. "Studies of the waterscape of Kilimanjaro, Tanzania Water management in hill furrow irrigation." Doctoral thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Geografisk institutt, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-11085.

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The present study analyses the waters of Kilimanjaro Region, Tanzania, conceptualised as a waterscape constituted by material, institutional and ideational aspects. It draws on studies of the water management and the historical geography of hill furrow irrigation systems, based on 16 months of fieldwork. Hill furrow irrigation systems are operated by groups of farmers who continue to use and develop long-standing traditions. Their practices and technology are of relevance to debates about indigenous intensive agricultural systems in Africa, concerning their emergence, sustainability and prospects for development. Groups of self-organised irrigators and their practices are targeted by several development initiatives, in water management seeking to control their water use, and in irrigation redevelopment aiming to replace existing technology and organisation. These concerns define the need for improved knowledge of the hill furrow irrigation systems of Kilimanjaro. The main objective of this thesis is to contribute knowledge of water management and water use in hill furrow irrigation in Kilimanjaro Region. In order to achieve this objective, research proceeds along two lines of enquiry. The first concerns water management, where the study seeks to analyse and describe the operation, water use, tenure and management in hill furrow irrigation schemes by groups of farmers. The study seeks to analyse the ideas and implementation of initiatives in water management for the Pangani River Basin targeting these systems. The second line of inquiry is the historical geography of irrigation and changes in water use. Here, the study seeks to develop methods drawing on written and oral sources in order to examine changes in irrigation from a regional and long-term perspective. This will permit testing and reconsideration of dominant perceptions of hill furrow irrigation and its water history, and form the basis for a discussion of the explanation of change in irrigated agriculture. I maintain that the approaches to water issues employed in this thesis and elsewhere can be analysed through different conceptualisations of the waterscape, encompassing not only the perception and representation of water issues, but also the material and institutional aspects of the waterscape. Aridity or water shortage does not speak for itself; water problems and their prescribed solutions are situated knowledges of the waterscape, and are socially constructed within specific contexts. Material aspects are addressed as a question of how and why these systems have changed from a regional and historical perspective. This is relevant not only as a contribution to the study of the development of intensive agriculture, but also in order to test dominant perceptions of the hill furrow and its water history that are used to guide policy and interventions in hill furrow irrigation. Institutional aspects are examined as a question of the local organisation of these systems in terms of their operation, water use and tenure arrangements. Further, these aspects are addressed through the analysis of ideas, implementation and experience with water policy and institutional reform targeting hill furrow irrigation systems, influenced by global water discourse and actors. The thesis consists of five research papers and a synthesis. The latter describes the methodological approach, which combines qualitative and some quantitative analysis of various forms of interview data with participant observation from fieldwork in rural Kilimanjaro and engagement with actors in the water sector through interviews, conversations and workshops as well as written sources. Approaches to the explanation of change in irrigation are reviewed and some implications for irrigation in the region discussed. Approaches to the organisation of irrigation are reviewed, demonstrating that this is an enduring theme in social science, related to broader debates about the institutions of society. Working with an inclusive conception of institutions (and hydraulic tenure), the study describes how hill furrow schemes are organised, either through more formal groups, often with elected leadership, or through a neighbourhood and lineage-based model under the leadership of a furrow elder. The local organisation of water use according the latter type is examined through a case study, which describes it as embedded rather than a strong single-purpose organisation. Theoretical and methodological triangulation is applied, and the organisation studied at a normativeinstitutional level, but also in terms of interaction and access to water for different social groups. A series of initiatives in water management for the Pangani River Basin came in the wake of a hydropower redevelopment project completed in 1995 led by the Norwegian Agency for Development Co-operation (NORAD). The initiatives were related to a wider water policy process in Tanzania. They drew inspirations from a global water management discourse, which is analysed in terms of the influence of ‘state-centred’, ‘market-based’ and ‘community-based’ approaches to improved water management, related to development ideologies. A strategy of river basin management was developed from the 1990s, seeking to establish water licences under statutory law as the only legitimate basis for access to water, to introduce volumetric water pricing as an instrument of demand management, and to curtail water use by the construction of ‘control gates’ in furrow intakes. The process of implementation is analysed as a meeting between a ‘modern’ water management system and an ‘indigenous’ water management system. It was characterised by non-cooperation and conflict, not only over water as a resource, but over norms of proper water management, such as over the issues of water pricing and custom as a basis for legitimate water use. Change in irrigation as water use (and land use) change is addressed as a methodological and empirical question. Oral political history indicates the practice of irrigation in late 17th century Marangu, while the history of sedentary patrilineages as the central institution in irrigation management shows the expansion of the system in upland Marangu in the 19th century. The establishment of irrigation schemes in the 19th century can be related to dry season cultivation of finger millet, a crop that was phased out with the increase in agroforestry in the highlands and expansion of arable cultivation of maize in the foothills in the early to mid-20th century. Surveys made for administrative purposes and contemporary reports are analysed to test two hypotheses about changes in irrigation. The results show that the dominant understanding – that the extent of irrigation is a result of late 20th century increases in population – is false and needs to be moderated. A competing thesis of decline in irrigation fits the development only in limited areas and underestimates the dynamic vitality of the system. On the basis of this regional and long-term diachronic analysis, a hypothesis of restructuring is put forward, where a decline in the number of schemes in the densely settled highland areas since the 1930s has been offset partly by an increase in irrigation in new areas in the foothills and lowlands and partly by an increase in scale. It is argued that change in irrigation is not determined by a single factor such as population, but that technological change and the intensification process and changes in political economy (in terms of market, economic policies, and development planning) have to be considered. Ideas of water are explored in terms of ideas of improvement in water management and local perceptions of water relevant to the operation of irrigation. The analysis suggests that the water management reform process is influenced by development ideologies in the global water management discourse as well as a national tradition that can be described as technocratic. Its implementation was guided by notions and interpretations of a water crisis. Local ideas of water management differ from those associated with the initiative, which in turn influenced how water management was contested.
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Books on the topic "Winch and furrow irrigation"

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Hinman, Herbert. 2001 cost of producing peppermint under rill and central pivot irrigation Central Washington. Pullman, Wash: Cooperative Extension, Washington State University, 2001.

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Merz, Wolfgang. Experimentelle Untersuchungen zur Rillenerosion auf landwirtschaftlich genutzten Böden in Kanada und der Volksrepublik China. Freiburg i.Br: Im Selbstverlag des Institutes für Physische Geographie der Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg i.Br., 1993.

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Applications of furrow and micro irrigation in arid and semi-arid regions. Oakville: Apple Academic Press, 2016.

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Alberts, Jeroen. Disseminating the bed-and-furrow irrigation method for cotton cultivation in Bahadurwah minor. Lahore: International Water Management Insititute, 1999.

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Institute, International Water Management. Technical and socio-economic factors influencing the performance of bed-and-furrow irrigation method: Research results for the fordwah distributary command area. Lahore: International Water Management Institute, 2000.

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Kalwij, Ineke Margôt. Disseminating the bed-and-furrow irrigation method for cotton cultivation in the Hakra-4-R distributary in collaboration with water users federation. Lahore: International Water Management Institute, 1999.

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The furrow irrigation erosion simulator. [Wash.]: Washington State University. College of Agriculture and Home Economics Research Center, 1991.

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Tunio, Abdul Fatah. Evaluation of erosion and sediment loss in furrow irrigation with alternative irrigation practices. 1994.

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Farmers' use of basin, furrow and bed-and-furrow irrigation systems ... Faisalabad: Dept. of Rural Sociology, 1997.

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Mittelstadt, Robert. Characterizing hydraulics and water distribution of furrow irrigation in northeast Malheur County. 1995.

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Book chapters on the topic "Winch and furrow irrigation"

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Siddapur, A. D., B. S. Polisgowdar, M. Nemichandrappa, M. S. Ayyanagowder, U. Satishkumar, and A. Hugar. "Water use Efficiency for Marigold Flower (Tagetes Erecta L.) Under Furrow and Drip Irrigation Systems." In Micro Irrigation Scheduling and Practices, 195–206. Other titles: Innovations and challenges in micro irrigation ; [v. 7] Description: Waretown, NJ : Apple Academic Press, 2017. | Series: Innovations and challenges in micro irrigation ; [volume 7]: Apple Academic Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315207384-11.

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Ferguson, R. B., J. E. Cahoon, G. W. Hergert, T. A. Peterson, C. A. Gotway, and A. H. Hartford. "Managing Spatial Variability with Furrow Irrigation to Increase Nitrogen Use Efficiency." In Site-Specific Management for Agricultural Systems, 443–64. Madison, WI, USA: American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, Soil Science Society of America, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/1995.site-specificmanagement.c30.

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Yongxia, Wei, Zhao Yuyu, and Wang Xiaoyan. "Optimization of Corn Furrow Irrigation Modes Based on RAGA-PPC Model." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 561–66. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-34041-3_78.

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"irrigation furrow." In Dictionary Geotechnical Engineering/Wörterbuch GeoTechnik, 750. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41714-6_91824.

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"Furrow Irrigation." In Encyclopedia of Agrophysics, 321. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3585-1_653.

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"furrow irrigation." In Dictionary Geotechnical Engineering/Wörterbuch GeoTechnik, 579. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41714-6_63426.

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"Contour-Furrow Irrigation." In Encyclopedia of Agrophysics, 153. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3585-1_574.

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"(ridge-and-)furrow irrigation." In Dictionary Geotechnical Engineering/Wörterbuch GeoTechnik, 1118. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41714-6_182182.

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"2334 furrow irrigation [n]." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Landscape and Urban Planning, 376. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-76435-9_5224.

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"1218 cross-slope furrow irrigation [n]." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Landscape and Urban Planning, 204. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-76435-9_2805.

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Conference papers on the topic "Winch and furrow irrigation"

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David L. Bjorneberg, Dale T. Westermann, and J. Kristian Aase. "Phosphorus Transport During Furrow Irrigation." In 2001 Sacramento, CA July 29-August 1,2001. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.6260.

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Joel P. Schneekloth, Norman L. Klocke, Don R. Davison, and Jose O. Payero. "Furrow Irrigation Management with Limited Water." In 2004, Ottawa, Canada August 1 - 4, 2004. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.16198.

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Clemmens, A. J., D. T. Westermann, T. S. Strelkoff, and D. L. Bjorneberg. "Phosphorus Loading in Furrow Irrigation Tailwater." In World Water and Environmental Resources Congress 2004. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40737(2004)24.

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"Effect of Irrigation Technique on the Efficiency of Furrow Irrigation." In International Conference on Chemical, Environmental and Biological Sciences. International Institute of Chemical, Biological & Environmental Engineering, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15242/iicbe.c0315068.

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Damodhara R Mailapalli, Wesley W Wallender, William R Horwath, and Martin Burger. "Modeling Water Temperature in Furrow Irrigation Systems." In 2009 Reno, Nevada, June 21 - June 24, 2009. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.26918.

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Inhong Song, Scott Stine, Jose Pimentel, Christopher Y. Choi, and Charles Gerba. "The Role of Irrigation and Wastewater: Comparison of Subsurface Drip Irrigation and Furrow Irrigation." In 2003, Las Vegas, NV July 27-30, 2003. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.14042.

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David L Bjorneberg, Theodor S Strelkoff, Albert J Clemmens, and Joon Hee Lee. "The Current State of Predicting Furrow Irrigation Erosion." In 5th National Decennial Irrigation Conference Proceedings, 5-8 December 2010, Phoenix Convention Center, Phoenix, Arizona USA. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.35861.

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Terry A. Howell, Judy A. Tolk, Steven R. Evett, and R. Louis Baumardt. "Cotton and Sorghum Rotation Under Deficit Furrow Irrigation." In 2003, Las Vegas, NV July 27-30, 2003. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.14011.

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Vories, E. D., and A. S. Jones. "Influence of Irrigation Patterns on the Effectiveness of Furrow Irrigation of Cotton." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2016. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784479858.003.

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Khatri, K. L., and R. J. Smith. "Simulation of performance for a simple real time control system of furrow irrigation." In SUSTAINABLE IRRIGATION 2006. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/si060021.

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Reports on the topic "Winch and furrow irrigation"

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M., Devkota, Gupta R.K., Martius C., Lamers J.P.A., Sayre K.D., and Vlek P.L.G. Soil salinity management on raised beds with different furrow irrigation modes in salt-affected lands. Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.17528/cifor/005519.

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