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Getachew, T., G. Getachew, G. Sintayehu, M. Getenet, and A. Fasil. "Bayesian Estimation of Sensitivity and Specificity of Rose Bengal, Complement Fixation, and Indirect ELISA Tests for the Diagnosis of Bovine Brucellosis in Ethiopia." Veterinary Medicine International 2016 (2016): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8032753.
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Test evaluation in the absence of a gold standard test was conducted for the diagnosis and screening of bovine brucellosis using three commercially available tests including RBPT, CFT, and I-ELISA in National Animal Health Diagnostic and Investigation Center (NAHDIC) Ethiopia. A total of 278 sera samples from five dairy herds were collected and tested. Each serum sample was subjected to the three tests and the results obtained were recorded and the test outcomes were cross-classified to estimate the sensitivity and specificity of the tests using Bayesian model. Prior information generated on the sensitivity and specificity of bovine brucellosis from published data was used in the model. The three test-one population Bayesian model was modified and applied using WinBug software with the assumption that the dairy herds have similar management system and unknown disease status. The Bayesian posterior estimate for sensitivity was 89.6 (95% PI: 79.9–95.8), 96.8 (95% PI: 92.3–99.1), and 94 (95% PI: 87.8–97.5) and for specificity was 84.5 (95% PI: 68–94.98), 96.3 (95% PI: 91.7–98.8), and 88.5 (95% PI: 81–93.8) for RBT, I-ELISA, and CFT, respectively. In this study I-ELISA was found with the best sensitivity and specificity estimates 96.8 (95% PI: 92.3–99.1) and 96.3 (95% PI: 91.7–98.8), compared to both CFT and RBPT.
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Giannotti, Federica, Annalisa Ruggeri, Myriam Labopin, Jan Cornelissen, Mauricette Michallet, Dimitrios Karakasis, Eric Deconinck, et al. "Impact of HLA of Winning Cord Blood Unit on Outcomes after Double Umbilical Cord Blood Transplantation in Adults with Acute Leukemia: A Retrospective Study on Behalf of Eurocord, the Cord Blood Committee Cellular Therapy and Immunobiology Working Party and the Acute Leukemia Working Party of the EBMT." Blood 126, no. 23 (December 3, 2015): 3111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v126.23.3111.3111.
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Abstract Umbilical cord blood transplantation (UCBT) from unrelated donor is a valid alternative for patients (pts) with acute leukemia (AL) who lack an HLA matched donor. Double UCBT (dUCBT) has extended the use of UCBT to adults. In the majority of the cases, chimerism analysis shows that one unit emerges as the sole source of long term hematopoiesis in the recipient (rcp) following dUCBT. However, no clear factor has yet been identified to reliably predict which unit will emerge as the predominant one. With the aim of analyzing factors that may predict cord blood unit (CBU) predominance and the impact of the winning CBU characteristics on outcomes after dUCBT, we studied adults with AL who underwent dUCBT as first transplant between 2004 and 2013 at EBMT centres. We selected pts who achieved engraftment and who had available chimerism data assessed within day 130 after dUCBT, with one of the CBUs representing at least 50% of the rcp hematopoiesis (winCBU). According to these criteria, 347 pts were included: 323 had full donor (18 being dual chimera) and 24 had mixed chimerism (>5% of donor cells). At diagnosis, 35% had ALL and 65% AML. At dUCBT 45% were in first complete remission (CR), 44% in second CR and 11% had more advanced disease. Overall, 33% had high risk cytogenetic features. Median time from diagnosis to dUCBT was 12 months (range, 2-202), median age was 40 years (y) (18-76). Conditioning regimen (CT) was reduced intensity (RIC) in 52%. Cyclophosphamide+fludarabine+total body irradiation was the most frequent CT (63%). Anti-thymoglobulin (ATG) was administrated in 25% of the transplants. Median number of total nucleated cells (TNC) and CD34+ cells at cryopreservation were 5.1x107/Kg (range, 2.3-13.7) and 1.3x105/Kg (range, 0.4-10.7), respectively. Considering the unit with the highest number of HLA mismatches (MMs) with the rcp, 73% of the donors were matched at 4 or less loci (≤4/6). For winCBUs, median number of TNC and CD34 cells at cryopreservation were 2.5x107/Kg (range, 0.95-6) and 1x105/Kg (range, 0.06-10), respectively. Only 4% of the winCBUs were 6/6 HLA-matched to the rcp, while 37% were 5/6, 55% were 4/6 and 4% were 3/6 HLA-matched. Overall, 54% of the winCBUs were gender matched and 38% were ABO compatible with the rcp. WinCBUs median age was 3.4 years (range, 0.2-14). As for inter unit characteristics, 50% of the pts received gender matched units. Units were ABO compatible in 40% of the cases, while 30% had minor and 30% had major ABO incompatibility. In our study population, median follow-up for survivors was 35 months (range, 3-99). All pts engrafted with neutrophil >0.5x109/L in a median time of 25 days (range, 6-66) post DCBT. No secondary graft failure was reported. The cumulative incidence (CI) of acute GvHD grade II-IV at 100 days was 41% with a median time of onset of 29 days (range, 7-106). The 3y-CI of chronic GvHD was 41% (50% of the pts had extensive). The 3y-CI of relapse (RI) and transplant related mortality (TRM) were 27% and 24%, respectively. At 3y, leukemia free survival (LFS) was 49% and overall survival (OS) was 54%. In multivariate analysis (MVA) including unit characteristics (HLA and gender matching, type of HLA MMs, number of TNC and CD34 cells at cryopreservation, ABO compatibility and unit age) and inter unit features (gender match, ABO compatibility), no significant factor predicting the winCBU was identified. Analyzing the impact of winCBU on dUCBT outcomes, the HLA matching between CBU and the rcp was the only characteristic related to the winCBU significantly affecting results. The 3y-LFS for pts with 6/6 or 5/6 HLA-matched winCBUs was 56% as compared to 44% for those with 4/6 (p=0.03), while OS was 62% versus 49% (p=0.01), respectively. Acute GvHD was increased in pts receiving a 4/6 HLA-matched winCBU (46% versus 35% for those 6/6 or 5/6, p=0.04). In MVA, 4/6 HLA-matched winCBU was associated with decreased LFS (HR 1.5, p=0.03) and OS (HR 1.5, p=0.03), and with increased TRM (HR 1.9, p=0.03) and acute GvHD (HR 1.7, p=0.01). Notably, older winCBUs (>3.4y) were associated with higher acute GvHD (48% versus 35%; HR 1.6, p=0.02). Other factors associated with poor outcomes were advanced disease status and the use of ATG. Although we failed to identified any factor predicting CBU predominance, we were able to demonstrate that a 4/6 HLA matched winCBU is associated with poor outcomes. Therefore, selecting units with lower number of HLA MMs for dUCBT may improve final outcomes. Disclosures Russell: Therakos: Other: shares. Mohty:Riemser: Honoraria, Research Funding. Nagler:Biokine LTD: Consultancy.
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Hippe, Peter. "An alternative method for windup prevention." at - Automatisierungstechnik 69, no. 9 (September 1, 2021): 750–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/auto-2021-0051.
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Abstract Windup effects can be subdivided into controller windup and plant windup. Controller windup can be prevented by stabilizing the compensator during saturation and plant windup by an additional dynamic element. When using a compensating design, i. e., the zeros and poles of the plant are compensated by the poles and zeros of the controller, plant windup does not occur. The compensating control is parametrized by one parameter allowing nearly arbitrary disturbance attenuation. This type of control is restricted to minimum-phase systems. But it has a number of advantages. It simplifies the SISO and especially the MIMO design of compensators with integral action considerably, it has good robustness properties and it allows a diagonal decoupling of the reference behavior for arbitrary MIMO system. Two examples demonstrate the results achievable.
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Iskandar, Reza Fauzi, Reksa Putra, and Asep Suhendi. "Analisis Pengaruh Kontrol PI Dengan Integral Anti-Windup Sebagai Upaya Reduksi Lonjakan Respon pada Sistem Ruang Termal." Komputika : Jurnal Sistem Komputer 8, no. 1 (June 14, 2019): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.34010/komputika.v8i1.1679.
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The Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) control is a classical control type which still use in industry and the development of methods is being improve. The simplicity of the structure and reliability of the PID makes this control more popular in the industry. Integral element is control element that produce control signals by accumulating error, its process can cause the windup events. Windup is the accumulation of integral controls outside the saturation boundary. Windup has an impact on forced response over a long period which worsens of time response and stability. This paper examines the application of anti-windup controls as an effort to overcome the accumulation of integral actions in PI control scheme. At the temperature reference value of 35 0C, the room temperature response with anti-windup shows a high temperature overshoot about 43.6%. The settling time is 15.3 minutes relative slow. The system response with anti-windup shows the lowest temperature overshoot that is 15.2% and the settling time of the system tends to be faster around 6.9 minutes.
Keywords – Thermal room, proportional-Integral, anti-windup.
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Shi, Xian Jun, Hong Chao Zhao, and Ke Wen Xu. "Dynamic Anti-Windup Design for Missile Overload Control System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 236-237 (November 2012): 273–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.236-237.273.
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The former research on the overload control system of a supersonic missile didn’t consider actuator saturation. In order to reduce the windup effect caused by actuator saturation, we developed a dynamic anti-windup compensator. The overload control system design adopted a two-step approach. Firstly a sliding mode controller was designed ignoring the saturation. Secondly a dynamic anti-windup compensator was designed. It added to the control system to reduce the windup effect. It disengaged the actuator fast from saturation phase after the actuator entered saturation. Simulation results showed that the dynamic anti-windup compensator reduced 52% of saturation time of the control system. Hence the performance of the overload control system is improved effectively.
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Aby, Franck, Rabia Bouali-Benazzouz, Marc Landry, and Pascal Fossat. "Windup of Nociceptive Flexion Reflex Depends on Synaptic and Intrinsic Properties of Dorsal Horn Neurons in Adult Rats." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 24 (December 5, 2019): 6146. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20246146.
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Windup, a progressive increase in spinal response to repetitive stimulations of nociceptive peripheral fibers, is a useful model to study central sensitization to pain. Windup is expressed by neurons in both the dorsal and ventral horn of the spinal cord. In juvenile rats, it has been demonstrated both in vivo and in vitro that windup depends on calcium-dependent intrinsic properties and their modulation by synaptic components. However, the involvement of these two components in the adults remains controversial. In the present study, by means of electromyographic and extracellular recordings, we show that windup in adults, in vivo, depends on a synaptic balance between excitatory N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors and inhibitory glycinergic receptors. We also demonstrate the involvement of L-type calcium channels in both the dorsal and ventral horn of the spinal cord. These results indicate that windup in adults is similar to juvenile rats and that windup properties are the same regardless of the spinal network, i.e., sensory or motor.
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Onushko, Tanya, Allison Hyngstrom, and Brian D. Schmit. "Bilateral oscillatory hip movements induce windup of multijoint lower extremity spastic reflexes in chronic spinal cord injury." Journal of Neurophysiology 106, no. 4 (October 2011): 1652–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00859.2010.
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After spinal cord injury (SCI), alterations in intrinsic motoneuron properties have been shown to be partly responsible for spastic reflex behaviors in human SCI. In particular, a dysregulation of voltage-dependent depolarizing persistent inward currents (PICs) may permit sustained muscle contraction after the removal of a brief excitatory stimulus. Windup, in which the motor response increases with repeated activation, is an indicator of PICs. Although windup of homonymous stretch reflexes has been shown, multijoint muscle activity is often observed following imposed limb movements and may exhibit a similar windup phenomenon. The purpose of this study was to identify and quantify windup of multijoint reflex responses to repeated imposed hip oscillations. Ten chronic SCI subjects participated in this study. A custom-built servomotor apparatus was used to oscillate the legs about the hip joint bilaterally and unilaterally from 10° of extension to 40° flexion for 10 consecutive cycles. Surface electromyograms (EMGs) and joint torques were recorded from both legs. Consistent with a windup response, hip and knee flexion/extension and ankle plantarflexion torque and EMG responses varied according to movement cycle number. The temporal patterns of windup depended on the muscle groups that were activated, which may suggest a difference in the response of neurons in different spinal pathways. Furthermore, because windup was seen in muscles that were not being stretched, these results imply that changes in interneuronal properties are also likely to be associated with windup of spastic reflexes in human SCI.
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Pană, Valentin. "Pilot-Induced Oscillations Prevention Using Anti-Windup Compensation in the Presence of Time-Delay." Applied Mechanics and Materials 325-326 (June 2013): 1262–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.325-326.1262.
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The paper presents a compensator design technique for systems with saturating actuators in order to recover as much as possible the performance of the unsaturated case. This anti-windup scheme is obtained using H-infinity optimization methodology. The proposed design approach allows to obtain a anti-windup controller that accounts for time-delays in the control system. Comparative result are presented for the two design methods and time simulation of the nonlinear system are used to analyze the performances of both designs. A reduced order anti-windup controller procedure is also investigated. Keywords: PIO, anti-windup, rate saturation, compensator.
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Tarbouriech, S., J. M. Gomes da Silva,, and G. Garcia. "Delay-Dependent Anti-Windup Loops for Enlarging the Stability Region of Time Delay Systems With Saturating Inputs." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 125, no. 2 (June 1, 2003): 265–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1569953.
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This paper addresses the problem of the determination of regions of stability for linear systems with delayed inputs and subject to input saturation through anti-windup strategies. Differently of the most anti-windup techniques, where the design of the anti-windup loop is introduced with the objective of minimizing the performance degradation, we are particularly interested in the synthesis of anti-windup gains in order to guarantee the stability of the closed-loop system for regions of admissible initial states as large as possible. With this aim, due to the presence of delay in the input we propose delay dependent results.
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Aguiar, P., M. Sousa, and D. Lima. "NMDA Channels Together With L-Type Calcium Currents and Calcium-Activated Nonspecific Cationic Currents Are Sufficient to Generate Windup in WDR Neurons." Journal of Neurophysiology 104, no. 2 (August 2010): 1155–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00834.2009.
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Windup is characterized as a frequency-dependent increase in the number of evoked action potentials in dorsal horn neurons in response to electrical stimulation of afferent C-fibers. This phenomenon was first described in the mid-60s, but the core mechanisms behind it still remain elusive. Several factors affecting its dynamics have been identified, but the distinction between modulating mechanisms from generating mechanisms is not always clear. Several mechanisms contribute to the excitation of dorsal horn neurons exhibiting windup, and one of our main aims was to help making this distinction. The approach presented here relies on mathematical and computational analysis to study the mechanism(s) underlying windup. From experimentally obtained windup profiles, we extract the time scale of the facilitation mechanisms that may support the characteristics of windup. Guided by these values and using simulations of a biologically realistic compartmental model of a wide dynamic range (WDR) neuron, we are able to assess the contribution of each mechanism for the generation of action potentials windup. We show that the key mechanisms giving rise to windup is the temporal summation of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) long-lasting postsynaptic responses taking place on top of a membrane potential cumulative depolarization. Calcium-activated nonspecific cationic currents driven by calcium influx from L-type calcium channels and synaptic currents support this cumulative depolarization and plateau formation in WDR neuron membrane potential. The effects of different nonhomogeneous stimulation protocols are explored, and their important role in clarifying many aspects of the windup generation is shown. The models are used to produce several predictions that can be tested experimentally.
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Nuß, Uwe. "Stabilitätsgesicherte Stellgrößenbegrenzungsstrategie für beliebige zeitdiskrete PI-Zustandsregler bei linearen zeitinvarianten Systemen." at - Automatisierungstechnik 67, no. 4 (April 26, 2019): 273–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/auto-2018-0118.
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Zusammenfassung Im Beitrag wird für lineare, zeitinvariante, zeitdiskrete und stabile Regelstrecken beschrieben, wie zwei bekannte Zustandsraumverfahren zur Windup-Vermeidung so miteinander kombiniert werden können, dass dadurch für sämtliche PI-Zustandsregler Strecken- und Regler-Windup verhindert wird, sofern diese Regler im unbegrenzten Fall stabil sind. Zurückgegriffen wird hierbei auf das „Additional Dynamic Element“ (ADE) von Hippe zur Vermeidung von Strecken-Windup [Hippe, P.: Windup in control – Its effects and their prevention, 2006; at – Automatisierungstechnik, 2007], dessen Übertragung auf zeitdiskrete Systeme im Beitrag kurz skizziert wird, sowie auf das Verfahren der Führungsgrößenkorrektur [Nuß, U.: at – Automatisierungstechnik, 2017] zur Vermeidung von Regler-Windup. Das vorgestellte Kombinationsverfahren setzt für die jeweilige Regelstrecke lediglich die Einbeziehung eines bereits existierenden P-Zustandsreglers voraus, der Strecken-Windup vermeidet. Die Bereitstellung eines möglichst einfachen und dennoch nicht allzu einschränkenden Kriteriums zur Überprüfung, ob ein P-Zustandsregler diese Eigenschaft besitzt, ist ebenfalls ein Anliegen des Beitrags. Diesbezüglich wird auf der Basis einer geeigneten Ljapunow-Funktion ein hinreichendes Kriterium angegeben, das umfassender ist als das in [Nuß, U.: at – Automatisierungstechnik, 2017] verwendete. Ein Beispiel aus der elektrischen Antriebstechnik demonstriert die Leistungsfähigkeit der vorgestellten Methode.
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Horla, Dariusz. "On Directional Change and Anti-Windup Compensation in Multivariable Control Systems." International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science 19, no. 2 (June 1, 2009): 281–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10006-009-0024-4.
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On Directional Change and Anti-Windup Compensation in Multivariable Control SystemsThe paper presents a novel description of the interplay between the windup phenomenon and directional change in controls for multivariable systems (including plants with an uneven number of inputs and outputs), usually omitted in the literature. The paper also proposes a new classification of anti-windup compensators with respect to the method of generating the constrained control signal.
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Chen, Li, James F. Whidborne, Qi Dong, and Deng Ping Duan. "Application of Lyapunov matrix inequality based unsymmetrical saturated control to a multi-vectored propeller airship." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering 232, no. 5 (April 3, 2017): 884–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954410017699236.
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The problem of the design of a controller for a multi-vectored propeller airship is addressed. The controller includes anti-windup that takes into account unsymmetrical actuator constraints. First, a linear transformation is applied to transform the unsymmetrical constraints into symmetric constraints with an amplitude-bounded exogenous disturbance. Then, a stability condition based on a quadratic Lyapunov function for the saturated closed-loop system is proposed. The condition considers both amplitude-bounded and energy-bounded exogenous disturbances. Thus, the controller design problem is transformed into a convex optimization problem expressed in a bilinear matrix inequality form. Two controller design methods were applied: one-step controller and traditional anti-windup controller. The one-step method obtains the controller and the anti-windup compensator in one step while the anti-windup controller method separates this process into the linear controller design and the compensator design. Simulation results showed that both controllers enlarge the stability zone of the saturation system and have good tracking performance. It is shown that the anti-windup controller design method not only has a larger region of stability, but the demanded actuator output exceeds the constraints less and has a smaller anti-windup coefficient matrix compared to the one-step method.
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Silva Jr., João Manoel Gomes da, Romeu Reginatto, and Sophie Tarbouriech. "Anti-windup design with guaranteed regions of stability for discrete-time linear systems with saturating controls." Sba: Controle & Automação Sociedade Brasileira de Automatica 15, no. 1 (March 2004): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-17592004000100002.
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The purpose of this paper is to study the determination of stability regions for discrete-time linear systems with saturating controls through anti-windup schemes. Considering that a linear dynamic output feedback has been designed to stabilize the linear discrete-time system (without saturation), a method is proposed for designing an anti-windup gain that maximizes an estimate of the basin of attraction of the closed-loop system in the presence of saturation. It is shown that the closed-loop system obtained from the controller plus the anti-windup gain can be modeled by a linear system connected to a deadzone nonlinearity. From this model, stability conditions based on quadratic Lyapunov functions are stated. Algorithms based on LMI schemes are proposed for computing both the anti-windup gain and an associated stability region.
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Kefferpütz, Klaus, Benedikt Bartenschlager, Christoph Auenmüller, and Sebastian Seitz. "Systematic mitigation of gain scheduling induced windup phenomena." at - Automatisierungstechnik 70, no. 3 (March 1, 2022): 280–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/auto-2021-0127.
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Abstract In this paper, we discuss the systematic design of gain scheduling controllers for nonlinear systems. We discuss control signal blending induced windup phenomena and employ an extended Model-Recovery Anti-Windup (MRAW) scheme to mitigate them. Combining control signal blending with MRAW allows to build gain scheduling controllers without imposing the common slow variation assumption regarding the scheduling vectors. In addition, the approach offers a higher flexibility in the choice of the sub-controllers compared to classical approaches and convex optimization allows for a very efficient design of the anti-windup networks.
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Iannazzo, Sergio. "Bayesian statistic methods and theri application in probabilistic simulation models." Farmeconomia. Health economics and therapeutic pathways 8, no. 1 (March 15, 2007): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.7175/fe.v8i1.251.
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Bayesian statistic methods are facing a rapidly growing level of interest and acceptance in the field of health economics. The reasons of this success are probably to be found on the theoretical fundaments of the discipline that make these techniques more appealing to decision analysis. To this point should be added the modern IT progress that has developed different flexible and powerful statistical software framework. Among them probably one of the most noticeably is the BUGS language project and its standalone application for MS Windows WinBUGS. Scope of this paper is to introduce the subject and to show some interesting applications of WinBUGS in developing complex economical models based on Markov chains. The advantages of this approach reside on the elegance of the code produced and in its capability to easily develop probabilistic simulations. Moreover an example of the integration of bayesian inference models in a Markov model is shown. This last feature let the analyst conduce statistical analyses on the available sources of evidence and exploit them directly as inputs in the economic model.
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Lee, Sung-Uk, and Pyung Hun Chang. "The Development of Anti-Windup Scheme for Time Delay Control With Switching Action Using Integral Sliding Surface." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 125, no. 4 (December 1, 2003): 630–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1636775.
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The Time Delay Control with Switching Action (TDCSA) method, which consists of Time Delay Control (TDC) and a switching action of sliding mode control (SMC), has been proposed as a promising technique in the robust control area where the plant has an unknown dynamics with parameter variations and substantial disturbances are preset. When TDCSA is applied to the plant with saturation nonlinearity, however, the so-called windup phenomenon is observed to arise, causing excessive overshoot and instability. The integral element of TDCSA and the saturation element of a plant cause the windup phenomenon. There are two integral effects in TDCSA. One is the integral effect caused by time delay estimation of TDC. The other is the integral term of an integral sliding surface. To solve this problem, we have proposed an anti-windup scheme method for TDCSA. The stability of the overall system has been proved for a class of nonlinear system. Experimental results show that the proposed method overcomes the windup problem of the TDCSA.
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Ikbal Syukroni and Andi Santi. "Profil Gizi dan Kandungan Kolesterol Udang Windu (Penaeus monodon) dengan Metode Pemasakan Berbeda." Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia 24, no. 3 (December 20, 2021): 319–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17844/jphpi.v24i3.37477.
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Udang windu (Penaeus monodon) merupakan salah satu udang konsumsi yang nilai ekonomisnya terus meningkat dan banyak dikonsumsi oleh masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan profil kandungan gizi dan kolesterol udang windu dengan perlakuan metode pemasakan berbeda yaitu perebusan, pengukusan, dan deep frying masing masing selama 10 menit, udang windu segar digunakan sebagai kontrol. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa udang windu yang diberi pemasakan dengan perebusan kecenderungan perubahan nilai gizi tidak jauh berbeda dengan kontrol yaitu kadar air 71,93%, kadar abu 3,25%, kadar protein 18,82% dan kadar lemak 2,07%. Pengolahan udang windu dengan metode pengukusan menunjukan nilai kolesterol yang rendah yaitu 1,69 mg/100 g. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa proses pengolahan seperti perebusan, pengukusan, dan penggorengan metode deep frying mempunyai pengaruh terhadap profil gizi udang windu. Metode pengolahan pengukusan dapat mereduksi kandungan kolesterol pada udang windu sebanyak 94,12%.
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Sa’dan, Masthuriyah. "POTRET KERUKUNAN ANTAR ALIRAN KEAGAMAAN (Studi Kasus Jema’at Ahmadiyah dan NU di Desa Winong Banjarnegara Jawa Tengah)." RELIGI JURNAL STUDI AGAMA-AGAMA 11, no. 1 (August 14, 2016): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/rejusta.2015.1101-07.
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This study explores harmonious lives among religious groups in the Winong village, Banjarnegara. It describes both religious and social lives including factors that reinforcing the creation of harmony among religious groups in the village. Based on Inter-religious harmony theories, the study shows that Winong is a village with differs cultures and religious communities but it is able to maintain harmony. The harmony among religious beliefs in Winong , as shown between the Ahmadis and NU community, is manifested not only in terms of toleration and passive co-existence, but also in the equality of all elements in the society which is embodied in the social, culture and the political lives.
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Perrier, Jean-François, and Jørn Hounsgaard. "Ca2+-Activated Nonselective Cationic Current (I CAN) in Turtle Motoneurons." Journal of Neurophysiology 82, no. 2 (August 1, 1999): 730–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1999.82.2.730.
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The presence of a calcium-activated nonspecific cationic (CAN) current in turtle motoneurons and its involvement in plateau potentials, bistability, and windup was investigated by intracellular recordings in a spinal cord slice preparation. In the presence of tetraethylammonium (TEA) and tetrodotoxin (TTX), calcium action potentials evoked by depolarizing current pulses were always followed by an afterdepolarization associated with a decrease in input resistance. The presence of the afterdepolarization depended on the calcium spike and not on membrane potential. Replacement of extracellular sodium by choline or N-methyl-d-glucamine (NMDG) reduced the afterdepolarization, confirming that it was mediated by a CAN current. Plateau potentials and windup were evoked in response to intracellular current pulses in the presence of agonist for different metabotropic receptors. Replacement of extracellular sodium by choline or NMDG did not abolish the generation of plateau potentials, bistability, or windup, showing that Na+ was not the principal charge carrier. It is concluded that plateau potentials, bistability and windup in turtle motoneurons do not depend on a CAN current even though its presence can be detected.
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Kanamori, Mitsuru, and Masayoshi Tomizuka. "Dynamic Anti-Integrator-Windup Controller Design for Linear Systems With Actuator Saturation." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 129, no. 1 (July 4, 2006): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2397146.
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The present paper is concerned with the design of dynamic anti-integrator-windup controllers for critically stable linear systems with a single pole at the origin. The constant gain term in the conventional anti-windup controller is extended to have dynamics represented by a transfer function. The proposed dynamic anti-windup compensator is similar to the one based on co-prime factorization of the plant. The overall controller includes an internal model for constant signals and achieves regulation for constant disturbance and reference inputs as long as the asymptotic control input stays within the saturation limits. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated on a one-link flexible arm through simulations and experiments.
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Alfianita, Meli Dwi, Ervina Eka Surbekti, and Kuswandari Kuswandari. "PENINGKATAN PRESTASI BELAJAR PESERTA DIDIK TEMA 9 MELALUI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PROBLEM BASED LEARNING BERBANTU MEDIA AUDIOVISUAL DI KELAS V SDN WINONG 01." JS (JURNAL SEKOLAH) 5, no. 3 (June 20, 2021): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/js.v5i3.26541.
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Abstract: The learning achievement of students in class V SDN Winong 01 is relatively low, especially when Distance Learning (PJJ) is being carried out as it is now. This study aims to find out how to increase learning achievement through a Problem Based Learning model assisted by audiovisual media for fifth grade students at SDN Winong 01 on theme 9. This research is a Classroom Action Research conducted in class V SDN Winong 01. In this study, it was carried out in 3 cycles with subject as many as 13 students. The results of the research that have been carried out show that learning achievement has increased every cycle. The increase in the percentage of students' learning achievement scores before being given action is 38.46% complete the KKM and the average achievement is 61.92 then in the first cycle it increases by 53.84% complete the KKM with an average achievement of 67.38 , increased again in the second cycle as much as 76.92% completed KKM with an average achievement obtained of 76.53 and increased again in the third cycle with KKM completeness of 92.31% with an average achievement obtained of 83.46. The conclusion of the learning outcomes shows that learning theme 9 through the Problem Based Learning learning model assisted by audio-visual media can improve the learning achievement of the fifth grade students of SDN Winong 01.Keywords: Learning Achievement, PBL, Audiovisual MediaAbstrak: Prestasi belajar peserta didik di kelas V SDN Winong 01 tergolong rendah, terutama saat Pembelajaran Jarak Jauh (PJJ) yang dilaksanakan seperti sekarang ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana peningkatan prestasi belajar melalui model Problem Based Learning berbantu media audiovisual peserta didik kelas V SDN Winong 01 pada tema 9. Penelitian ini merupakan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas yang dilakukan di kelas V SDN Winong 01. Dalam penelitian ini dilaksanakan sebanyak 3 siklus dengan subjek sebanyak 13 peserta didik. Hasil penelitian yang telah dilaksanakan menunjukkan bahwa prestasi belajar mengalami peningkatan setiap siklusnya. Peningkatan presentase nilai prestasi belajar peserta didik sebelum diberikan tindakan yaitu sebanyak 38,46% tuntas KKM dan capaian rata-rata diperoleh 41,86 kemudian pada siklus I meningkat sebanyak 53,84% tuntas KKM dengan capaian rata-rata yang diperoleh sebesar 67,38, meningkat kembali pada siklus II sebanyak 76,92% tuntas KKM dengan capaian rata-rata yang diperoleh sebesar 76,53 dan meningkat kembali pada siklus III dengan ketuntasan KKM sebesar 92,31% dengan capaian rata-rata yang diperoleh sebesar 83,46. Simpulan hasil pembelajaran menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran tema 9 melalui model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning berbantu media audiovisual dapat meningkatkan prestasi belajar peserta didik kelas V SDN Winong 01.Kata Kunci : Prestasi Belajar, PBL, Media audiovisual
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Fryback, Dennis G., Natasha K. Stout, and Marjorie A. Rosenberg. "AN ELEMENTARY INTRODUCTION TO BAYESIAN COMPUTING USING WINBUGS." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 17, no. 1 (January 2001): 98–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462301104095.
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Bayesian statistics provide effective techniques for analyzing data and translating the results to inform decision making. This paper provides an elementary tutorial overview of the WinBUGS software for performing Bayesian statistical analysis. Background information on the computational methods used by the software is provided. Two examples drawn from the field of medical decision making are presented to illustrate the features and functionality of the software.
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Ouboubker, Lahcen, Jawad Lamterkati, Mohamed Khafallah, and Aziz El Afia. "Real time implementation of anti-windup PI controller for speed control of induction machine based on DTC strategy." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 12, no. 3 (September 1, 2021): 1358. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v12.i3.pp1358-1368.
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This paper presents simulation and experimental results of anti-windup PI controller to improve induction machine speed control based on direct torque control (DTC) strategy. Problems like rollover can arise in conventional PI controller due to saturation effect. In order to avoid such problems anti-windup PI controller is presented. This controller is simple for implementation in practice. The proposed anti-windup PI controller demonstrates better dynamic step changes response in speed in terms of overshoots. All simulation work was done using Simulink in the MATLAB software. The experimental results were obtained by practical implementation on a dSPACE 1104 board for a 1.5 KW induction machine. Simulation and experimental results have proven a good performance and verified the validity of the presented control strategy.
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Song, Fei, Hong Chao Zhao, and Ying Xin Mei. "Anti-Windup Variable Parameter PD Controller Design for Ballistic Missile." Applied Mechanics and Materials 742 (March 2015): 516–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.742.516.
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The conventional PD controller could cause the saturation problem of ballistic missile actuators. A design method of anti-windup variable parameter PD controller was proposed. The proportional coefficient and derivative coefficient were designed to be Gauss functions of system tracking error. Both were small when tracking error was big; whereas both increased as the tracking error decreased. This method not only restrained effectively the saturation problem, but also produced enough control force to drive system outputs to track their commands speedily. The control effect of anti-windup variable parameter PD controller was compared with that of the conventional PD controller in the numerical simulation. The simulation results show that the anti-windup variable parameter PD controller has better control effect.
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Parenrengi, Andi, Syarifuddin Tonnek, and Andi Tenriulo. "ANALISIS RASIO RNA/DNA UDANG WINDU Penaeus monodon HASIL SELEKSI TUMBUH CEPAT Andi." Jurnal Riset Akuakultur 8, no. 1 (February 26, 2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jra.8.1.2013.1-12.
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<p>Seleksi udang windu Penaeus monodon tumbuh cepat menggunakan marker DNA telah berhasil dilakukan dalam upaya perakitan strain unggul udang windu. Udang windu hasil seleksi menunjukkan adanya peningkatan pertumbuhan dibandingkan dengan tanpa seleksi (kontrol). Rasio RNA/DNA merupakan salah satu parameter yang telah banyak digunakan dalam menentukan kualitas ikan/udang di antaranya adalah pertumbuhan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui rasio RNA/DNA pada udang windu hasil seleksi tumbuh cepat dan kontrol (tanpa seleksi). Sampel udang windu tumbuh cepat yang digunakan berukuran bobot 50,66±16,51 g dan panjang 17,55±1,93 cm; sedangkan udang kontrol berukuran bobot 29,64±11,93 g dan panjang 14,78±2,53 cm. Metode isolasi total RNA dilakukan dengan menggunakan kit isogen, sedangkan genom DNA menggunakan metode konvensional fenol kloroform. Konsentrasi RNA dan DNA hasil isolasi diukur menggunakan GeneQuant. T-test dari Statistix Versi 3,0 digunakan untuk membedakan rasio RNA/DNA antara kedua perlakuan yang dianalisis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa genom DNA dan total RNA mempunyai tingkat kemurnian yang tinggi. Hasil analisis t-test menunjukkan<br />bahwa rasio RNA/DNA udang windu tumbuh cepat (4,51) berbeda secara nyata (P<0,05) dengan udang windu kontrol (3,19). Kecenderungan rasio RNA/DNA semakin tinggi dengan semakin beratnya bobot badan, di mana rasio RNA/DNA udang betina (4,96) lebih tinggi (P<0,05) dari udang jantan (2,93). Analisis regresi menunjukkan bahwa rasio RNA/DNA udang windu memiliki hubungan erat dengan panjang (R=0,5628) dan bobot (R=0,6539). Hasil penelitian ini berimplikasi bahwa parameter rasio RNA/DNA dapat dijadikan sebagai indikator pertumbuhan udang windu.</p>
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Adi Saputra, Surya, and Febrina Arfi. "ANALISIS RESIDU KLORAMFENIKOL PADA UDANG WINDU (Penaeus monodon) MENGGUNAKAN High Performance Liquid Cromatography (HPLC)." AMINA 1, no. 3 (March 4, 2021): 126–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/amina.v1i3.489.
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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis residu kloramfenikol pada udang windu (penaeus monodon) menggunakan high performance liquid cromatography (hplc). Penelitian ini menghasilkan Residu kloramfenikol pada sampel udang windu (Penaus monodon) yang dianalisis menggunakan HPLC.Kadar residu kloramfenikol pada udang windu (Penaus monodon) dari Pelabuhan Perikanan Samudera (PPS) Kutaradja adalah sebesar 0,0024634 ppm. Dapat dikatakan bahwa udang windu dari PPS kutaradja masih aman untuk dikonsumsi karena tidak melewati BMR yang telah ditetapkan oleh SNI 01- 6366-2000 yaitu sebesar 0,01 ppm.
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Michajlova, Irina, and Alexandra Yakovleva. "Andrey A. Winius (1641–1716), vertaler van fabels." Neerlandica Wratislaviensia 32 (December 2, 2021): 123–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0860-0716.32.8.
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Andrey A. Winius (1641–1716) was born in Moscow in the family of Andrey D. Winius (1605–1662), Dutch merchant and manufacturer who lived in Russia from 1632 until his death. Winius junior was a high-ranking statesman who contributed a lot to Peter the Great’s reforms, which made Russia a Europe-oriented power. In 1674 he translated Vondel’s Vorsteliicke warande der dieren (1617) into Russian, supplementing this collection of fables with several texts from the Theatrum Morum by Aegidius Sadeler (1608). The Russian text, entitled The Theatre of Human Life, was distributed in handwritten form. In 1712, The Theatre was published in Moscow. In this article we analyze the Russian version of four fables in order to identify similarities with the sources and the changes Winius made. Besides shortening the original, he also sometimes supplemented the fables with his own moralistic thoughts. In these additions he urged readers to live honestly, respect each other, and not drink too much alcohol. In this way he tried to transfer humanistic ethical values that were common in Western Europe to the Russian society of the 17th century.
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Zhang, Jiaxu, and Shiying Zhou. "Robust adaptive anti-windup wheel slip tracking control for intelligent vehicle with fast terminal sliding mode observer." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 234, no. 14 (July 7, 2020): 3373–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407020932675.
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Aiming at the requirement of the intelligent vehicle for the fast and stable tracking control of the wheel slip, a novel robust adaptive anti-windup wheel slip tracking control method with fast terminal sliding mode observer is proposed. First, a fast terminal sliding mode observer based on equivalent control on the sliding surface is proposed to estimate the states of the wheel slip dynamic system to lay the foundation for the full state feedback control law design. Second, a robust adaptive anti-windup wheel slip tracking control law with lumped uncertainty observer and additional anti-windup dynamics is derived based on Lyapunov-based method. The lumped uncertainty observer utilizes the nonlinear mapping ability of the radius basis function neural network to estimate and compensate the lumped uncertainty of the system, and the unknown optimal weight vector of the radius basis function neural network is updated by adaptive law. The additional anti-windup dynamics is used to suppress the effect of the input saturation on the stability of the system. Finally, the performance of the proposed method is verified through simulations of various maneuvers on vehicle dynamics simulation software.
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Wong, Kah Kit, Choon Lih Hoo, and Mohd Hardie Hidayat Mohyi. "Evaluation of SIPIC01 and SIPIC02 on Motor Speed Control." MATEC Web of Conferences 152 (2018): 02010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201815202010.
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Due to its simplicity, Proportional-Integral (PI) controller still remains as the widely used controller for motor speed control system. However, PI controller exhibits windup phenomenon when the motor operates in a saturated state, which may cause degradation to the control system. In order to overcome the windup phenomenon, many researches have introduced various types of anti-windup methods such as the Conditioning Technique (CI), Tracking Back Calculation (TBC), Integral State Prediction (ISP), Steady-state Integral Proportional Integral Controller-01 (SIPIC01) and Steady-state Integral Proportional Integral Controller-02 (SIPIC02). These are anti-windup techniques with integral control switching mechanism, coupling of proportional gain, kp, and integral gain, ki. Due to the coupled kp and ki, tuning motor performance is a difficult task with short settling time without experiencing overshoot. SIPIC01 and SIPIC02 are robust anti-windup methods without a switching mechanism and exhibit decoupling feature. SIPIC01 and SIPIC02 have shown better dynamic performance compared to CI, TBC and ISP. However, SIPIC01 has not been compared to SIPIC02 in terms of their decoupling effect flexibility and dynamic performance. The decoupling effect was verified using MATLAB simulation, while the performance analysis was verified through hardware simulation and testing by using Scilab. The results obtained from the simulation showed that both SIPIC01 and SIPIC02 consist of decoupling features that allow a performance with coexistence of zero or minimum overshoot with short settling time. However, SIPIC02 consists of longer rise and settling time as compared to SIPIC01. Therefore, it can be concluded that SIPIC01 is better than SIPIC02 in term of dynamic performance.
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An, Hao, and Qianqian Wu. "Anti-windup disturbance suppression control of feedback linearizable systems with application to hypersonic flight vehicles." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering 233, no. 11 (October 30, 2018): 3952–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954410018808966.
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This paper deals with the anti-windup control problem for a class of feedback linearizable systems subject to external disturbances and constrained actuators. The original system is approximately feedback linearized into a tractable form with additive mismatched disturbances. A baseline disturbance suppression control is built on the combination of a disturbance observer and a compensation law. Moreover, this baseline control is strengthened by two anti-windup mechanisms to accommodate the possible input saturation, leading to the anti-windup disturbance suppression control. The resulting control schemes guarantee output tracking errors to be bounded in the presence of input saturation, while the zero steady-state tracking is finally achieved due to the recovery property. The proposed methods are applied to the longitudinal tracking control of hypersonic flight vehicles to highlight their efficiency and superiority.
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Azmiyah, Ilma, and I. Gusti Lanang Putra Eka Prismana. "Penerapan Whatsapp Bot Dalam Memantau User Mikrotik." Journal of Informatics and Computer Science (JINACS) 3, no. 04 (July 7, 2022): 571–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.26740/jinacs.v3n04.p571-579.
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Perkembangan teknologi yang begitu pesat membuat hampir setiap manusia ketergantungan dengan Smarthphone. Smarthphone digunakan untuk mengakses segala informasi, Smarthphone juga memberikan sebuah layanan telekomunikasi salah satunya adalah Whatsapp. Whatsapp merupakan sebuah aplikasi yang dapat mengirimkan ataupun menerima pesan instant, yang dimana tidak dikenakan tagihan biaya pulsa seperti telepon seluler ataupun SMS. Whatsapp menyediakan layanan API (Application Programming Interface) yaitu Whatsapp Business API yang dapat dikembangan menjadi Whatsapp Bot, Whatsapp Bot dapat dikonfigurasikan dengan Router Mikrotik. Dalam proses monitoring user mikrotik, seorang administrator masih menggunakan Winbox, yang dimana administrator harus selalu memantau winbox untuk memastikan koneksi user terhubung atau terputus, sedangkan tugas dari administrator tidak hanya memantau winbox. Selain itu user juga harus mengetahui apakah jaringannya terputus atau terhubung. Berdasarkan permasalahan tersebut, administrator dapat menggunakan Whatsapp Bot untuk memantau user yang sedang terputus atau terhubung, sistem dibangun menggunakan metode waterfall, yang dimana sistem tersebut mengkonfigurasikan Whatsapp Bot dengan Router Mikrotik menggunakan sebuah Script yang ditambahkan di Winbox. Ketika terdapat user yang login atau logout, Whatsapp akan menampilkan informasi tanggal dan waktu terhubung atau terputus, IP address, nama user dan status user terhubung atau terputus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bawa administrator akan mendapatkan notifikasi pesan Whatsapp ketika terdapat user yang login atau logout, begitupun sebaliknya user juga akan mendapatkan notifikasi ketika sedang login dan logout.
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ACHCAR, J. A., E. Z. MARTINEZ, A. RUFFINO-NETTO, C. D. PAULINO, and P. SOARES. "A statistical model investigating the prevalence of tuberculosis in New York City using counting processes with two change-points." Epidemiology and Infection 136, no. 12 (March 17, 2008): 1599–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268808000526.
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SUMMARYWe considered a Bayesian analysis for the prevalence of tuberculosis cases in New York City from 1970 to 2000. This counting dataset presented two change-points during this period. We modelled this counting dataset considering non-homogeneous Poisson processes in the presence of the two-change points. A Bayesian analysis for the data is considered using Markov chain Monte Carlo methods. Simulated Gibbs samples for the parameters of interest were obtained using WinBugs software.
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Zuliayanti, Nurma Ika, and Naily Maslakhah. "HUBUNGAN KEBERSIHAN LINGKUNGAN DENGAN KEJADIAN PEDIKULOSIS KAPITIS DI PONDOK PESANTREN API WINONG KEMIRI, KABUPATEN PURWOREJO." Jurnal Kebidanan 13, no. 01 (June 25, 2021): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.35872/jurkeb.v13i01.416.
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ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Salah satu penyakit kulit yang paling sering dan angka kejadiannya cukup tinggi di negara berkembang adalah pedikulosis kapitis atau kutu kepala. Di Pondok Pesantren API Winong Kemiri, Kabupaten Purworejo pada bulan januari 2019 dari 125 santri yang mengalami Pedikulosis Kapitis sebanyak 100 santri. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui Hubungan kebersihan lingkungan dengan Kejadian Pedikulosis Kapitis di pondok Pesantren API Winong kemiri, Kabupaten Purworejo. Metode penelitian: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode observasional analitik, dengan pendekatan case control. Sampel penelitian ini adalah 125 sampel dengan tehnik sampling total sampling. Waktu penelitian pada tanggal 21 januari 2019- 2 maret 2019. Alat pengambilan data menggunakan checklist. Teknik analisa data menggunakan chi-square. Hasil penelitian: Perilaku kebersihan lingkungan yang tidak baik sebanyak 83 santri (66,4%) dan mengalami kejadian pedikulosis kapitis sebanyak 119 santri (95,2 %). Berdasar uji chi-square sebesar p value (0,000) < 12a"> (0,005). Simpulan: Ada hubungan yang signifikan kebersihan lingkungan dengan kejadian pedikulosis kapitis di pondok pesantren API Winong Kemiri, Kabupaten Purworejo. Saran: Memberi informasi pentingnya perilaku kebersihan lingkungan untuk mencegah pedikulosis kapitis.Kata kunci: Kebersihan Lingkungan, Kejadian Pedikulosis kapitisTHE RELATION OF PERSONAL BEHAVIOR HYGIENE WITH PEDICULOSIS CAPITIS INCIDENT AT ISLAMIC SCHOOL OF API WINONG KEMIRI, PURWOREJO CITYABSTRACTResearch Backhground : One of the most common skin diseases and a high incidence rate in developing countries is pediculosis capitis or head lice. In the API Winong Kemiri Islamic Boarding School, Purworejo Regency in January 2019 out of 125 students who experienced Pediculosis Kapitis as many as 100 students. The Purpose Research :To know correlation the personal behavior hygiene with incident of pediculosis capitis at islamic school of API Winong Kemir, Purworejo City. Research Method : This study used an observational analytic method, with a case control approach. The sample of this study was 95 samples with sampling techniques using simple random sampling. Time of research on January 21, 2019-2 March 2019. Data retrieval tools use a checklist. Data analysis techniques using Fisher's extract test. Results : The behavior of personal hygiene washing hairs giene2 x per week was 81 students (81.3%) and experienced pediculosis capitis as many as 93 santri (97.9%). Based on the correlation test fisher's extract test is p value (0.000)< a (0.005). Conclusion : There was no significant correlation between personal hygiene washing hair behavior and the incidence of pediculosis capitis in the API Winong Kemiri boarding school, Purworejo Regency. Suggestion : Provide information on the importance of washing personal hygiene behavior to prevent pedikulosis capitis.Keywords : Personal hygiene behavior, incidence of pediculosis capitis
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Riana, Andi Dyna, Sunarti Sunarti, and Muhammad Yusuf. "Analisis NPV dan Net B/C pada Usaha Budidaya Tambak Udang Windu (Penaeus monodon) Sistem Tradisional di Dusun Tempatue Kabupaten Bone." Jurnal Akuatiklestari 5, no. 2 (May 28, 2022): 91–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.31629/akuatiklestari.v5i2.4528.
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Usaha budidaya udang windu yang dilakukan masyarakat di Dusun Tempatue merupakan usaha turun temurun yang berlangsung sejak dulu dengan system tradisional. Udang windu merupakan salah satu komoditas unggulan sektor perikanan khususnya perikanan budidaya. Namun saat ini, usaha budidaya udang cukup lesuh dikarenakan berbagai hal termasuk munculnya berbagai penyakit udang seperti white spot. Untuk itu, untuk mengembalikan gairah dan semangat masyarakat untuk kembali membudidayakan udang windu, maka berbagai kajian perlu dilakukan termasuk analisis kelayakan usaha budiddaya udang windu dengan system tradisional. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganilisis tingkat kelayakan usaha budidaya udang windu. Penelitian dilakukan di Dusun Tempatue, Kecamatan Mare, Kabupaten Bone. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan jenis penelitian survey. Teknik pengambilan data dilakukan secara purposive sebanyak 30 responden. Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis finansial, yakni NPV dan Net B/C. Hasil penelitian diperoleh kesimpulan; 1) Usaya budidaya udang windu (Penaeus monodon), sangat layak untuk usahakan, 2) Nilai NPV diperoleh 2,92 dimana nilai NPV tersebut lebih besar dari >0 atau dikategorikan sangat layak, 3) Nilai Net B/C diperoleh 14,89 yang berarti nilai tersebut lebih besar > 1,0 atau dikategorikan sangat layak.
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Fu, Xing Yu, Guang Bi Zhang, and Mao Rui Zhang. "Antiwindup Controller Design for Phase-Lead-Lag Controller." Advanced Materials Research 945-949 (June 2014): 2767–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.945-949.2767.
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The original idea of antiwindup controller design of equivalent separated-integartor controller structure for phase-lead-lag controller is presented in the paper. The idea is competitive to antiwindup for PID controller which is frequently applied in industry. Thus, mature approach of antiwindup for PID controller can be adopted in solving windup problems in phase-lead-lag controller. From equivalent model and especially from performed simulations, it is seen that the presented solution eliminate the windup.
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Iskandar, Iskandar. "SISTEM PAKAR DIAGNOSA PENYAKIT PADA UDANG WINDU (PENAEUS MONODON) MENGGUNAKAN METODE BAYES." Simtek : jurnal sistem informasi dan teknik komputer 4, no. 1 (April 16, 2019): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.51876/simtek.v4i1.47.
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Giant tiger atau Penaeus monodon di Indonesia disebut udang windu. Udang windu saat ini tidak berkembang lagi karena terserang berbagai macam penyakit udang diantaranya yang ganas adalah white spot atau virus bintik putih . Petambak udang di Indonesia saat ini banyak memelihara udang putih atau Litopenaeus vannamei. Pada penelitian dibuat sistem pakar (expert sistem) yang dapat menangani identifikasi penyakit pada udang windu berdasarkan gejalanya. Sistem pakar ini bisa memberikan informasi yang cepat tentang penyakit yang terjangkit pada udang windu dan cara penanggulangannya. Pada penelitian ini digunakan metode Bayes sebagai metode untuk menghitung nilai kepercayaan atas gejala-gejala yang dipilih.bahasa pemrograman yang digunakan php dan database mysql.
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Yulianto, Yulianto, Yufi Aris Lestari, and Elok Diniarti Suwito. "HUBUNGAN POLA ASUH ORANG TUA DENGAN PERKEMBANGAN PSIKOSOSIAL ANAK PRASEKOLAH DI TK PKK XI WINONG KECAMATAN GEMPOL KABUPATEN PASURUAN." Nurse and Health: Jurnal Keperawatan 6, no. 2 (December 30, 2017): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.36720/nhjk.v6i2.18.
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Pola asuh orang tua merupakan interaksi antara orang tua kepada anak dalam bentuk pengasuhan atau mendidik sebagai wujud pertanggung jawaban terhadap anak. Perkembangan psikososial anak adalah suatu perkembangan dimana anak dalam tahap inisiatf vs rasa bersalah.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan pola asuh orang tua dengan perkembangan psikososial anak di TK PKK XI Winong Kecaamatan Gempol Kabupaten Pasuruan.Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah Analitik Cross Sectional. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah seluruh orang tua murid di TK PKK XI Winong Kecamatan Gempol Kabupaten Pasuruan yang berjumlah 41 orang, dan besar sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 37 orang. Variabel pertama dalam penelitian ini adalah pola asuh dan variable keduanya adalah perkembangan psikososial anak. Alat ukur yang dipakai dalam penelitian ini berupa kuesioner.Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh dari 37 responden, didapatkan bahwa 56,8 % orang tua menerapkan pola asuh demokratis. Lalu untuk perkembangan psikososial didapatkan 73,0 % menunjukkan perkembangan psikososial inisiatif. Berdasarkan hasil analisa yang menggunakan uji korelasi Speraman Rho di peroleh p = 0,00 < α = 0,05 terdapat hubungan antara pola asuh orang tua dengan perkembangan psikososial anak di TK PKK XI Winong Kecamatan Gempol Kabupaten Pasuruan.Dari hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan antara pola asuh orang tua dengan perkembangan psikososial anak di TK PKK XI Winong Kecamatan Gempol Kabupaten Pasuruan, artinya bahwa jika orang tua tidak terlalu membatasi imajinasi dan keinginan anak maka dengan sendirinya rasa inisiatif anak akan berkembang.
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Maniatis, G., N. Demiris, A. Kranis, G. Banos, and A. Kominakis. "Comparison of inference methods of genetic parameters with an application to body weight in broilers." Archives Animal Breeding 58, no. 2 (July 27, 2015): 277–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/aab-58-277-2015.
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Abstract. REML (restricted maximum likelihood) has become the standard method of variance component estimation in animal breeding. Inference in Bayesian animal models is typically based upon Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods, which are generally flexible but time-consuming. Recently, a new Bayesian computational method, integrated nested Laplace approximation (INLA), has been introduced for making fast non-sampling-based Bayesian inference for hierarchical latent Gaussian models. This paper is concerned with the comparison of estimates provided by three representative programs (ASReml, WinBUGS and the R package AnimalINLA) of the corresponding methods (REML, MCMC and INLA), with a view to their applicability for the typical animal breeder. Gaussian and binary as well as simulated data were used to assess the relative efficiency of the methods. Analysis of 2319 records of body weight at 35 days of age from a broiler line suggested a purely additive animal model, in which the heritability estimates ranged from 0.31 to 0.34 for the Gaussian trait and from 0.19 to 0.36 for the binary trait, depending on the estimation method. Although in need of further development, AnimalINLA seems a fast program for Bayesian modeling, particularly suitable for the inference of Gaussian traits, while WinBUGS appeared to successfully accommodate a complicated structure between the random effects. However, ASReml remains the best practical choice for the serious animal breeder.
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Budi, Sutia, and Amal Aqmal. "Penggunaan Pakan Bermethamorfosis Pada Perbenihan Udang Windu Penaeus monodon Di Kabupaten Barru." Jurnal Ilmiah Ecosystem 21, no. 2 (August 24, 2021): 358–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.35965/eco.v21i2.1124.
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Perkembangan perbenihan udang windu mengalami kemajuan yang sangat pesat, hal ini didukung oleh usaha budidaya yang intensif dengan penerapan teknologi perbenihan yang cukup meningkat, harga yang tinggi dipasar lokal maupun internasional, dan peluang yang luas telah membuat udang windu menjadi komoditas harapan bagi para pengusaha sehingga banyak yang berani menanamkan modal bisnis udang windu ini. Kegiatan pembenihan di Sulawesi Selatan khususnya Desa Kupa Kabupaten Barru merupakan sentra pengembangan Pembenihan Udang Windu. Kegiatan pembenihan mulai dari skala rumah tangga sampai industri. Teknologi dan formulasi pakan yang dikembangkan oleh kelompok dan masyarakat perbenihan belum optimal dalam mendukung peningkatan produksi benih Udang Windu sehingga diperlukan paket teknologi dan formulasi pakan dalam pembenihan udang windu sebagai salah satu solusi dalam optimalisasi peningkatan produksi. The development of tiger shrimp hatchery is progressing very rapidly, this is supported by intensive cultivation efforts with the application of improved seed technology, high prices in local and international markets, and wide opportunities that have made tiger prawns a commodity of hope for entrepreneurs. who dared to invest in this tiger prawn business. Hatchery activities in South Sulawesi, especially Kupa Village, Barru Regency are the center for the development of Windu Shrimp Hatchery. Hatchery activities range from household to industrial scale. Technology and feed formulation developed by hatchery groups and communities have not been optimal in supporting the increase in tiger shrimp seed production, so technology packages and feed formulations in tiger shrimp hatchery are needed as a solution in optimizing increased production.
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Suharyanto, Suharyanto, Muharijadi Atmomarsono, and Achmad Sudradjat. "PENGGUNAAN TIGA JENIS KERANG SEBAGAI BIOFILTER PADA PEMELIHARAAN UDANG WINDU (Penaeus monodon) DALAM SKALA LABORATORIUM." Jurnal Penelitian Perikanan Indonesia 2, no. 1 (April 10, 2017): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jppi.2.1.1996.31-38.
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Hillis, A. J., S. A. Neild, D. P. Stoten, and A. J. L. Harrison. "A Minimal Controller Synthesis Algorithm for Narrow-Band Applications." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part I: Journal of Systems and Control Engineering 219, no. 8 (December 1, 2005): 591–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095965105x33617.
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A common control problem is that of reducing a narrow-band error signal or a narrow-band component of a broad-band error signal. The particular application described in this paper is that of active vibration isolation for automotive vehicles. The error-driven minimal control synthesis (Er-MCSI) algorithm with integral action has been applied to this problem, but is known to exhibit gain windup. The nature of the gain windup phenomenon is investigated and methods to mitigate its effects are discussed. A new controller, the narrow-band MCS (NBMCS), is developed specifically for narrow-band applications. NBMCS is based upon Er-MCSI and exploits the deterministic nature of the system disturbance. The NBMCS algorithm is shown not to suffer from the gain windup problem. The properties and performance of the Er-MCSI and NBMCS controllers are compared analytically, via simulation and experimental application, to an automotive vehicle equipped with active engine mounts.
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Muliyadi, Muliyadi. "PENGARUH MULTI BAKTERI PADA MEDIA PEMELIHARAAN TERHADAP KUALITAS AIR, PERTUMBUHAN DAN SINTASAN UDANG WINDU (Penaeus monodon)." Jurnal Perikanan Unram 12, no. 4 (December 19, 2022): 615–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jp.v12i4.381.
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Manajemen kualitas air pada tambak sangat berperan dalam menentukan keberhasilan budidaya udang, termasuk udang windu. Karena tingkat kesehatan, pertumbuhan, dan sintasan dipengaruhi oleh interaksi lingkungan, patogen, dan kondisi udang. Penerapan bioteknologi dengan cara meginokulasi bakteri pengurai komersil pada media pemeliharaan telah digunakan petambak. Peneltian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dosis multibakteri efektif pada media pemeliharaan untuk megoptimalkan kualitas air, pertumbuhan serta sintasan udang windu. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen, didesain meggunakan rancangan acak lengkap terdiri dari 3 ulangan (dosis probiotik 10 ml/l; 15 ml/l; dan 20 ml/l). Parameter yang diamati adalah kualitas air (DO, suhu, salinitas dan pH), pertumbuhan dan sintasan udang windu. Data yang diperoleh kemudian dianalisis ragam, apabila berpengaruh nyata diuji lanjut W-Tuckey dengan aplikasi SPSS. Pemberian multibakteri pada media pemeliharaan berpengaruh nyata (sig.<0,05) terhadap suhu air pada pagi hari, pertumbuhan dan sintasan udang windu, tetapi tidak berpengaruh nyata (sig.>0,05) terhadap suhu air pada sore hari, DO, salinitas dan pH air media pemeliharaan. Kualitas air yang diukur selama penelitian adalah oksigen terlarut/DO 5,13-5,25 mg/l; suhu 28,09- 30,22oC; Salinitas 28,00-29,11 ppt; serta pH 7,7. Kondisi pertumbuhan terbaik pada udang windu pada perlakuan pemberian multibakteri berdosis 20 ml/l (2,87±0,10 gram) dan terendah pada perlakuan berdosis 10 ml/l (1,62±0,58), sintasan terbaik pada udang windu pada perlakuan berdosis 15 ml/l (81±0,00%) dan terendah pada perlakuan 10 ml/l dan 20 ml/l (79±2,75%). Dosis multibakteri efektif untuk megoptimalkan kondisi kualitas air, pertumbuhan serta sintasan pada udang windu adalah 20 ml/l.
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Insan, Irsyaphiani, and Raden Roro Sri Pudji Sinarni Dewi. "APLIKASI PROBIOTIK PADA BUDIDAYA UDANG WINDU SISTEM EKSTENSIF PLUS DI KABUPATEN INDRAMAYU, JAWA BARAT." Media Akuakultur 9, no. 1 (June 30, 2014): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/ma.9.1.2014.43-47.
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Abstrak lengkap dapat dilihat pada Full PDF Udang windu merupakan salah satu komoditas budidaya unggulan di Indonesia, budidaya udang windu mengalami permasalahan antara lain disebabkan serangan penyakit.
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Fava, Anthony W., Jessica L. Downs Talmage, Hillary A. Plummer, and Gretchen D. Oliver. "Drive-Leg Kinematics During the Windup and Pushoff Is Associated With Pitching Kinetics at Later Phases of the Pitch." American Journal of Sports Medicine 50, no. 5 (March 3, 2022): 1409–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03635465221077451.
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Background: Inconsistent findings exist between drive-leg ground-reaction forces (GRFs) and pitching mechanics. Previous literature has largely reported drive-leg mechanics and GRFs at the start of the pushoff phase for their role in initiating force development. Little research has assessed drive-leg kinematics that includes a pitcher’s windup motion to determine its effects on subsequent phases in the pitching motion. Purpose/Hypothesis: The primary aim was to analyze the relationship between drive-leg knee valgus angle during the windup and subsequent pitching mechanics. We hypothesized that the drive-leg knee valgus angle during the early portion of the pitching motion would alter later phases’ pitching mechanics. A secondary aim was to assess GRFs to determine if the drive-leg knee valgus angle was associated with changes in force. We hypothesized that an increased drive-leg knee valgus angle would increase GRFs during the pitching motion. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: A total of 17 high school baseball pitchers (mean age, 16.1 ± 0.9 years; mean height, 180.0 ± 4.8 cm; mean weight, 75.5 ± 7.5 kg) volunteered for the study. Kinematic data and GRFs were collected using an electromagnetic tracking system and force plates. Pitchers threw maximal-effort fastballs from a mound at regulation distance. The drive-leg knee valgus angle was analyzed during the windup and pushoff phases of the pitch to determine its effects on other biomechanical variables throughout the pitching motion. Results: There was a significant relationship between drive-leg knee valgus angle during the windup ( Fchange 1,12) = 16.13; P = .002; R2 = 0.695) and lateral GRF in the arm-cocking phase. Additionally, there was a significant relationship between drive-leg knee valgus angle during pushoff ( Fchange(2,11) = 10.21; P = .003; R2 = 0.716) and lateral GRF in the arm-cocking phase and pitching-elbow valgus moment in the acceleration phase. Conclusion: Drive-leg knee valgus angle during the windup and pushoff had a significant relationship with drive-leg GRF and pitching-elbow valgus moment at later stages of the pitching cycle. Clinical Relevance: Assessments of drive-leg kinematics during the windup and pushoff may be useful in identifying inefficient movement patterns that can have an effect on the direction of a pitcher’s drive-leg force contribution, which can lead to increased forces on the throwing elbow.
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Hornby, T. G., W. Z. Rymer, E. N. Benz, and B. D. Schmit. "Windup of Flexion Reflexes in Chronic Human Spinal Cord Injury: A Marker for Neuronal Plateau Potentials?" Journal of Neurophysiology 89, no. 1 (January 1, 2003): 416–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00979.2001.
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The physiological basis of flexion spasms in individuals after spinal cord injury (SCI) may involve alterations in the properties of spinal neurons in the flexion reflex pathways. We hypothesize that these changes would be manifested as progressive increases in reflex response with repetitive stimulus application (i.e., “windup”) of the flexion reflexes. We investigated the windup of flexion reflex responses in 12 individuals with complete chronic SCI. Flexion reflexes were triggered using trains of electrical stimulation of plantar skin at variable intensities and inter-stimulus intervals. For threshold and suprathreshold stimulation, windup of both peak ankle and hip flexion torques and of integrated tibialis anterior electromyographic activity was observed consistently in all patients at inter-stimulus intervals ≤3 s. For subthreshold stimuli, facilitation of reflexes occurred only at intervals ≤1 s. Similarly, the latency of flexion reflexes decreased significantly at intervals ≤1 s. Patients that were receiving anti-spasticity medications (e.g., baclofen) had surprisingly larger windup of reflex responses than those who did not take such medications, although this difference may be related to differences of spasm frequency between the groups of subjects. The results indicate that the increase in spinal neuronal excitability following a train of electrical stimuli lasts for ≤3 s, similar to previous studies of nociceptive processing. Such long-lasting increases in flexion reflex responses suggest that cellular mechanisms such as plateau potentials in spinal motoneurons, interneurons, or both, may partially mediate spinal cord hyperexcitability in the absence of descending modulatory input.
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Prado, Alvaro Javier, Marco Herrera, Xavier Dominguez, Jose Torres, and Oscar Camacho. "Integral Windup Resetting Enhancement for Sliding Mode Control of Chemical Processes with Longtime Delay." Electronics 11, no. 24 (December 18, 2022): 4220. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11244220.
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The effects of the windup phenomenon impact the performance of integral controllers commonly found in industrial processes. In particular, windup issues are critical for controlling variable and longtime delayed systems, as they may not be timely corrected by the tracking error accumulation and saturation of the actuators. This work introduces two anti-windup control algorithms for a sliding mode control (SMC) framework to promptly reset the integral control action in the discontinuous mode without inhibiting the robustness of the overall control system against disturbances. The proposed algorithms are intended to anticipate and steer the tracking error toward the origin region of the sliding surface based on an anti-saturation logistic function and a robust compensation action fed by system output variations. Experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms when they are applied to two chemical processes, i.e., (i) a Variable Height Mixing Tank (VHMT) and (ii) Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR) with a variable longtime delay. The control performance of the proposed anti-windup approaches has been assessed under different reference and disturbance changes, exhibiting that the tracking control performance in the presence of disturbances is enhanced up to 24.35% in terms of the Integral Square Error (ISE) and up to 88.7% regarding the Integral Time Square Error (ITSE). Finally, the results of the proposed methodology demonstrated that the excess of cumulative energy by the actuator saturation could reduce the process resources and also extend the actuator’s lifetime span.
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Lante, Samuel, and Herlinah Herlinah. "PENGARUH PAKAN ALAMI Chaetoceros spp. TERHADAP PERKEMBANGAN DAN SINTASAN LARVA UDANG WINDU, Penaeus monodon." Jurnal Riset Akuakultur 10, no. 3 (September 30, 2015): 389. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jra.10.3.2015.389-396.
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Pakan alami berupa mikroalga merupakan salah satu faktor pendukung dalam keberhasilan usaha pembenihan udang windu, Penaeus monodon. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis pakan alami, Chaetoceros spp., yang dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan sintasan larva udang windu. Penelitian ini menggunakan 15 buah bak fiber berukuran 60 cm x 40 cm x 50 cm dengan volume 120 liter yang disi air sebanyak 100 liter. Kepadatan naupli adalah 90 ekor/liter atau 9.000 ekor/bak dan lima jenis pakan alami Chaetoceros spp. yang diuji yaitu: Chaetoceros simplex, Chaetoceros ceratosporum, Chaetoceros calcitrans, Chaetoceros amami, dan Chaetoceros gracilis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi kelima jenis pakan alami memberikan laju perkembangan larva yang relatif sama sampai stadia PL-1. Aplikasi Chaetoceros gracilis memberikan sintasan larva udang windu tertinggi yaitu 41,48% dan dengan Chaetoceros simplex memberikan sintasan larva terendah (28,02%). Hasil penelitian ini mengindikasikan bahwa aplikasi Chaetoceros spp. yang berbeda pada pemeliharaan larva berpengaruh terhadap sintasan larva udang windu, namun tidak berpengaruh terhadap laju metamorfosis larva. Aplikasi Chaetoceros gracilis sebagai pakan alami adalah terbaik untuk sintasan larva udang windu.
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Ramadhan, Ramadhan, Umar Umar, and Wendy Santiadjinata. "APLIKASI PAKAN BERKAROTENOID PADA UDANG WINDU DI TAMBAK BETON." Buletin Teknik Litkayasa Akuakultur 14, no. 2 (November 15, 2016): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/blta.14.2.2016.105-109.
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Penggunaan induk udang windu hasil budidaya tambak masih menghadapi beberapa kendala terutama tingkat perkawinan alaminya di tambak yang sangat rendah hanya sekitar 2% yang menyebabkan telur yang dihasilkan tidak terbuahi, serta fekunditas telur yang juga masih rendah dibandingkan dengan induk alam. Salah satu dugaan masih rendahnya kualitas induk tambak adalah pakan yang diberikan pada fase prematurasi (calon induk) belum sesuai dengan spesifikasi nutriennya. Informasi mengenai spesifikasi nutrien pada fase ini penting diketahui karena pada fase ini perkembangan organ reproduksi udang windu mulai terbentuk. Penelitian yang dilakukan pada Tahun 2015 berupa aplikasi pakan berkarotenoid pada fase prematurasi udang windu di tambak beton. Tujuan kegiatan ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi penggunaan karotenoid dalam pakan prematurasi terhadap pertumbuhan, sintasan, dan peningkatan biomassa udang windu yang dipelihara dalam tambak beton. Pakan uji adalah dua pakan buatan dengan kandungan karotenoid yang berbeda yaitu pakan tanpa karotenoid (PO) dan pakan berkarotenoid (PC). Karotenoid yang digunakan adalah astaxanthin, cantaxanthin, dan spirulina sebagai sumber karotenoid lainnya. Pakan uji diberikan pada udang windu size 30 hingga udang mencapai fase akhir prematurasi. Pengamatan yang dilakukan adalah pertumbuhan dan tingkat kematangan gonad secara alami, serta tingkat perkawinan alami selama fase prematurasi. Hasil yang diperoleh pada penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa karotenoid berupa astaxanthin, cantaxanthin, dan spirulina berperan positif dalam meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan performa reproduksi udang windu dari fase prematurasi
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Parenrengi, Andi, Andi Tenriulo, Syarifuddin Tonnek, and Samuel Lante. "TRANSFER GEN ANTIVIRUS PADA EMBRIO UDANG WINDU, Penaeus monodon DALAM BERBAGAI KONSENTRASI DEOXYRIBO NUCLEIC ACID." Jurnal Riset Akuakultur 6, no. 3 (December 30, 2011): 353. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jra.6.3.2011.353-361.
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Teknologi transgenesis khususnya rekayasa genetik untuk menghasilkan udang windu resisten penyakit merupakan salah satu strategi yang dapat dilakukan dalam upaya pemecahan masalah penyakit yang menimpa budidaya udang windu. Teknologi transgenesis khususnya transfer gen antivirus pada udang windu telah berhasil dilakukan melalui teknik transfeksi. Meskipun demikian optimalisasi komponen teknologi tersebut masih perlu dilakukan. Konsentrasi DNA gen merupakan salah satu komponen teknologi transgenesis yang harus dioptimalkan untuk mendapatkan efisiensi dalam transfer gen. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui konsentrasi DNA gen antivirus yang optimal sebagai bahan transfer gen ke embrio menggunakan metode transfeksi. Embrio udang windu yang diperoleh dari hasil pemijahan induk asal Aceh, dikoleksi 5-10 menit setelah memijah dengan kepadatan 625 telur/2 mL. Transfeksi dilakukan dengan menggunakan media larutan transfeksi jetPEI dengan konsentrasi DNA gen antivirus sebagai perlakuan, yakni: 5, 10, dan 15 µg serta kontrol positif (tanpa plasmid DNA) dan negatif (tanpa plasmid DNA dan larutan transfeksi), masing-masing 3 ulangan. Embrio hasil transfeksi ditetaskan pada stoples berisi air laut sebanyak 2 L yang diletakkan pada waterbath. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa gen antivirus telah berhasil diintroduksi ke embrio udang windu. Hasil analisis ragam menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan konsentrasi DNA (5-15 µg) tidak berpengaruh nyata (P>0,05) terhadap daya tetas embrio udang windu. Analisis ekspresi gen pada larva udang windu juga menunjukkan adanya aktivitas ekspresi gen antivirus pada semua perlakuan konsentrasi DNA, di mana ekspresi gen antivirus pada larva transgenik lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kontrol (tanpa transfeksi). Sintasan pasca-larva PL-1 yang didapatkan pada penelitian ini adalah 12,0%; 10,0%; 10,6%; 12,3%; dan 14,2% masing-masing untuk perlakuan konsentrasi plasmid DNA 5 µg, 10 µg, 15 µg, kontrol positif dan negatif, di mana konsentrasi DNA yang berbeda tidak memperlihatkan pengaruh nyata (P>0,05) terhadap sintasan larva PL-1. Hasil penelitian ini berimplikasi bahwa untuk alasan efisiensi, konsentrasi DNA 5 µg disarankan untuk digunakan dalam transfer gen pada embrio udang windu.<br /><br />