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1
Jessen, Mathias Hein. "Statens livsnødvendige cirkulation: Handel som livsvigtigt princip for den moderne stat." K&K - Kultur og Klasse 45, no. 124 (December 31, 2017): 71–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/kok.v45i124.103797.
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The article analyzes the role of trade in the constitution of the modern state in 17th century England. The article focuses on the metaphor of the body politic and especially the ideas on circulation from William Harvey and how these can be used to analyze Thomas Hobbes’ ideas on trade and circulation in Leviathan and the economic thought of William Petty. Harvey’s thoughts on circulation were revolutionary and highly influential on the political and economic thoughts of the time. Even though Hobbes is mainly focused on law and sovereignty, he still characterizes circulation and trade as a vital motion, not subject to the will of the sovereign. Combined with his notion that the sovereign is the holder of an office, who must administer the wellbeing of the state, this opens up for the analysis that what the sovereign is administering is in reality the necessary motions of trade and the economy in general. This is also seen in one of the most prominent of the mercantilist economic thinkers of the age, William Petty, who in his economic thinking contributed to the constitution of the economy as a given field with a given logic which the ruler could not fundamentally change, but had to understand and act in accordance with in order to govern well.
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Cohen, Gary B. "Auf dem Weg zur Grossstadt: Eine Sozialgeschichte der Stadt Graz, 1850-1914. William H. Hubbard." Journal of Modern History 59, no. 3 (September 1987): 624–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/243269.
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Willis, Richard. "Theory & Practice." Early Years Educator 24, no. 9 (April 2, 2024): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/eyed.2024.24.9.45.
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Richard Willis, visiting professor at the University of South Wales, reviews a book which integrates early years theory and practice, and aims to encourage readers to start a conversation about their own beliefs and experiences.
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Yanti Kristina Sinaga, Marnala Pangaribuan, and Nanda Saputra. "Turn-Taking Strategies Analysis in Conversation between President Jokowi and Boy William in Nebeng Boy Youtube Channel." LingLit Journal Scientific Journal for Linguistics and Literature 2, no. 3 (September 27, 2021): 91–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/linglit.v2i3.509.
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The aims of this study were to identify the types and the most dominant of turn-taking strategies used by President Jokowi and Boy William in Nebeng Boy youtube channel. The researchers used theory by Stenstrom as cited in Yanti (2017). This theory describes three types namely Taking the turn (starting up, take over, interrupting), Holding the turn (filled pause, silent pause, meta-comments), Yielding the turn (prompting, appealing, giving up. This type of research was qualitative method, the researchers used an approach qualitative descriptive to describe the turn-taking strategies that included in conversation between Mr. Jokowi and Boy William in Nebeng Boy YouTube Channel, since the data the researcher did not use numeric or statistic form in the data analysis. The result of this research showed that there are 28 data with the different percentage such as; Hesitant Start (4%), Clean Start (4%), Uptakes (4%), Link (4%), Alert (4%), Meta-Comments (-), Filled Pause (10%), Silent Pause (17%), Repetition (39%), Prompting (4%), Appealing (6%), Giving up (4%). It can be concluded, that the most dominant is Repetition that occurs 11 times from 28 data.
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Roxanas, Miltiadis G., Marilyn A. Gendek, and Vivien E. Lane. "Cliveden: The Canadian Red Cross Hospital, William Osler and the ‘Taplow Affair’." Journal of Medical Biography 27, no. 4 (September 4, 2019): 220–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0967772019874293.
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At the start of the First World War, the estate of Cliveden was offered as a hospital to the Canadian Government by its owner William Astor. This article describes its history, Sir William Osler's involvement in the hospital, and the involvement of other doctors and some of their research. The rehabilitation programs to help the injured soldiers are described, including the physical, occupational, sporting and social activities undertaken in order to help them towards their return to civilian life. Political ambitions in Canada and friction between the owner of Cliveden, Nancy Astor, and the medical/military establishment led to turmoil which engulfed Osler and is known as the ‘Taplow Affair’. The hospital was dismantled after the war but became re-activated in the Second World War and is now a National Trust property.
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Edgeworth, Matt, Erle C. Ellis, Philip Gibbard, Cath Neal, and Michael Ellis. "The chronostratigraphic method is unsuitable for determining the start of the Anthropocene." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 43, no. 3 (February 19, 2019): 334–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309133319831673.
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This paper responds to and supports the earlier ‘Three Flaws’ paper by William Ruddiman (this journal, 2018). It builds upon his critique of the method used by the Anthropocene Working Group in determining the start date of the Anthropocene. While chronostratigraphy is acknowledged as the best means of establishing a framework for the division of deep time – on geological timescales of millions of years – it is argued that the method is unsuitable for use on archaeological and historical timescales. Close proximity in time between the chronostratigraphic observer and the stratigraphic boundary in question renders the placement of a precisely defined, globally synchronous timeline onto highly time-transgressive evidence inappropriate on these scales of analysis. Application of the method hinders rather than helps understanding of the role of human impact on Earth System change; it leads to a loss of the bigger picture and to relative neglect of the crucial evidence provided by humanly modified ground – the missing strata in most chronostratigraphic accounts of the Anthropocene start. A more ground-up approach is called for. Recognition of humans as geological agents needs to be accompanied by recognition of the distinctive traces of human agency in the ground, which are unprecedented in the stratigraphic records of earlier geological time periods.
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Rossi, Paula. "Davidson and classical pragmatism." Areté 19, no. 1 (March 12, 2007): 119–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.18800/arete.200701.006.
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In this paper I wish to trace some connections between Donald Davidson's work (1917-2003) and two major representatives of the classical pragmatist movement: Charles S. Peirce (1839-1914) and William James (1842-1910). I will start with a basic characterization of classical pragmatism; then, I shall examine certain conceptions in Peirce's and James' pragmatism, in order to establish affinities with Davidson´s thought. Finally, and bearing in mind the previous con-nections, I will reflect briefly on the relevance –often unrecognized- of classical pragmatist ideas in the context of contemporary philosophi-cal discussions.
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Birkhead, T. R., and R. Montgomerie. "A vile passion for altering names: the contributions of Charles Thorold Wood jun. and Neville Wood to ornithology in the 1830s." Archives of Natural History 43, no. 2 (October 2016): 221–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/anh.2016.0380.
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During the 1830s, Charles Thorold Wood jun. and his younger brother Neville Wood, published, separately, three books and a series of articles dealing with two ornithological subjects: the common and scientific names of birds, and the cataloguing of publications. Probably following William Swainson's lead, the Woods were enthusiastic about standardizing the common (English) bird names and making them logical and meaningful. They also each published an annotated bibliography of ornithological publications, notable for being among the first of such compilations, but also for the vitriol with which they criticized those – James Rennie and Hugh Strickland, in particular – whose work they did not like. In contrast, the praise they heaped on those they did approve of – William Swainson, John Latham, Robert Mudie, Prideaux John Selby, Francis Willughby and each other – was excessive. Possibly because of the tenor of their comments about other ornithologists, and the strangeness of their proposed English bird names, the Woods’ work has rarely been cited, and their new names for birds were virtually ignored from the start.
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Eales, Jacqueline. "Gender Construction in Early Modern England and the Conduct Books of William Whately (1583–1639)." Studies in Church History 34 (1998): 163–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424208400013644.
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Conduct books, or household manuals offering advice about marriage and the ordering of domestic relationships, attained their greatest popularity in early modern England between the late sixteenth century and the Civil War. Many of these works, including William Whately’s popular A Bride-Bush, which ran into three editions between 1617 and 1623, and William Gouge’s influential Of Domesticall Duties, which first appeared in 1622, originated as sermons and were written by puritan preachers. They are also a valuable source of information about the construction of ideal masculine and feminine behaviour in the early modern period. At the start of A Bride-Bush, which was based on a marriage sermon, Whately asserted ‘I will make the ground of all my speech, those words of the Apostle Paul, Ephes. 5. 23. where hee saith, The Husband is the Wives head.’ Towards the end of the book he noted that the male sex is ‘preferred before the female in degree of place & dignity, as all men will yeeld that read what the Scriptures speake in that behalfe’.
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McCarthy, Christine. "Elegance and excesses: War, Gold and Borrowings: New Zealand Architecture in the 1860s." Architectural History Aotearoa 7 (October 30, 2010): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/aha.v7i.6785.
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The 1860s were an eventful time for architecture in New Zealand. On the eve of the decade, in 1859, William Mason became the first person to be a registered architect in New Zealand. The scene was thus set for the English idea of architecture as a profession to more substantially impact on our land. From the decade's beginning were the start of civil wars and the discovery of gold, with New Zealand's first major gold rush in Otago. It was war and gold which crudely distinguished the decade's histories of the North Island and South Islands.
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BULLEY, MICHAEL. "Intellectual franglais." English Today 21, no. 1 (January 2005): 56–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078405001124.
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Some adjectival links across the Channel. Of the countless delights and complexities to be discovered in the relationships among the Indo-European languages, particularly fascinating are the connections between English and French. The two languages start together in proto-Indo-European (if there ever was such a thing), diverge into the Germanic and Latinate branches of the family, come together (north of the channel only) with the merging of French and English after the invasion of William of Normandy in 1066, and have been glued together even more by the influence of the classical languages, particularly Latin, in and after the Renaissance.
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Zuppelli, Ashley R., Michael Mancenido, Jacob Scutaru, Alexandra Danforth, Robert Biernbaum, Roberto Corales, and William M. Valenti. "1039. Real World Community-Based HIV Rapid Start Antiretroviral with BFTAF Versus Conventional HIV Antiretroviral Therapy Start – The RoCHaCHa Study, a Pilot Study." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 7, Supplement_1 (October 1, 2020): S549—S550. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofaa439.1225.
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Abstract Background Trillium Health (TH) is a FQHC in Rochester, NY providing primary and specialty care, including HIV prevention and treatment. Rapid Start ART (RSA) has been shown to decrease time to virologic suppression while increasing linkage to and retention in care. However, data on BFTAF with these benefits is limited. We aim to prove RSA with BFTAF is advantageous in time to viral load suppression, linkage to and retention in care, and patient satisfaction and acceptance. Methods We included data from ART-naive newly diagnosed PLWH enrolled between October 2018 and March 2020 with baseline assessment and started BFTAF. Follow up visits were done per protocol though 48 weeks. The primary study endpoints include median times from: diagnosis to clinic presentation, clinic presentation to ART, and ART to undetectable viral load (VL), < 200 copies/mL and < 50 copies/mL. Linkage to and retention in care were measured at 3 months. Study results were compared with non-RSA historical control data. Patient reported outcomes were evaluated at study completion. Results Of the 27 eligible, 25 participants enrolled. Thirteen received their diagnosis at TH: screening for PrEP (6), community-based HIV/STI/HCV testing (3), community outreach (1), or routine patient screening in primary care (3). Twelve were diagnosed externally: university health centers (2), other health clinic (9), or at-home rapid HIV test (1). All accepted the RSA treatment with BFTAF; two eligible patients declined the study, but accepted RSA. 73.9% of participants were seen within 14 days of Day 84, compared with 50% of historical control group. 12 of 25 completed the primary endpoint of which 100% were highly satisfied with RSA. There were no regimen changes or virologic failures through 48 weeks. RoCHaCHa Study Results Conclusion RSA with BFTAF reduced time to virologic suppression in all participants newly diagnosed with HIV-1 compared with historical non-RSA model. Disclosures Ashley R. Zuppelli, PHARMD, BCACP, AAHIVP, Gilead Sciences, Inc. (Grant/Research Support)Gilead Sciences, Inc. (Advisor or Review Panel member, Research Grant or Support) Michael Mancenido, DO, AAHIVS, Gilead Sciences, Inc. (Grant/Research Support) Jacob Scutaru, MD, Gilead Sciences, Inc. (Grant/Research Support) Alexandra Danforth, PHARMD, BCACP, AAHIVP, Gilead Sciences, Inc. (Grant/Research Support) Robert Biernbaum, DO, MS, FAAEM, AAHIVS, Gilead Sciences, Inc. (Grant/Research Support, Advisor or Review Panel member, Speaker’s Bureau) Roberto Corales, DO, AAHIVS, Gilead Sciences (Employee) William M. Valenti, MD, FIDSA, Gilead Sciences, Inc. (Grant/Research Support, Speaker’s Bureau)
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Etambala, Zana Aziza, and K. U. Leuven Bursaal. "Congolese Children at the Congo House in Colwyn Bay (North Wales, Great-Britain), at the end of the 19th Century. Unpublished documents." Afrika Focus 3, no. 3-4 (January 15, 1987): 236–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2031356x-0030304004.
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In the present study we like to focus the attention on the presence of Congolese children at the Congo House in Colwyn Bay (North Wales, Great-Britain) during the last decade of the 19th century. The idea, which William Hughes conceived and which consisted of educating Congolese, in a first phase, and other African youth, in a second one, never received a just interest. The experiment of Hughes, a former baptist missionary, was a unique specimen for Great-Britain. Henry Morton Stanley and King Leopold II were a little bit involved in the successful start of this initiative. But this article has particularly in view an identification of the Congolese boys and girls who frequented the ‘Congo House’!
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Cairns, John W. "Academic Feud, Bloodfeud, and William Welwood: Legal Education in St Andrews, 1560—1611 Part II." Edinburgh Law Review 2, no. 3 (September 1998): 255–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/elr.1998.2.3.255.
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This is the second part of an article addressing the puzzle of the end of law teaching in the Scottish universities at the start of the seventeenth century at the very time when there was strong pressure for the advocates of the Scots bar to have an academic education in Civil Law. It demonstrates that the answer is to be found in the life of William Welwood, the last Professor of Law in St Andrews, while making some general points about bloodfeud in Scotland, the legal culture of the sixteenth century, and the implications of this for Scottish legal history. The first part appeared in the May issue of the Edinburgh Law Review.
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Lewis, A. D. E. "The Background to Bentham on Evidence." Utilitas 2, no. 2 (November 1990): 195–219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0953820800000662.
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The path of those who would approach the study of Bentham's writings on Evidence has been considerably smoothed by the recent publication of William Twining's work on the evidence theories of Bentham and Wigmore. The material on evidence is now being tackled by the Bentham Project. It presents no easy task. The central core, The Rationale of Judicial Evidence, edited and published by John Stuart Mill in 1827, exists only in the printed version, the MSS from which Mill worked having disappeared. But a substantial body of related material which survives has yet to be thoroughly investigated, though William Twining has made a gallant start. A new edition of the work hitherto known as ‘An Introductory View of the Rationale of Evidence’, first printed in full in the Bowring edition of the Works of Jeremy Bentham is in preparation. The first fruits of this endeavour is that the title of that work as it should appear in due course in the new Collected Works will be Introduction to the Rationale of Evidence: An Introductory View for the Use of Lawyers as well as Non-lawyers, the title in fact given to the work by Bentham. It is intended that what follows should similarly be of use to non-lawyers as well as lawyers.
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Zhuravlev, Aleksandr V. "The concept of Revolution in 17th century England and translations from Latin of William Camden's «Britannia»." Samara Journal of Science 12, no. 3 (December 1, 2023): 163–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.55355/snv2023123204.
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The article examines the evolution of the idea of the revolution in England in the 17th century. This evolution can be outlined in how the word ‘revolution’ was being employed in translating from Latin William Camden’s ‘Britannia’. Two translations done – one at the start and the other at the close of the century – allow tracing the semantic change that occurred in the usage of the word ‘revolution’ on the course of the century. This evolution changes the meaning of the word and pushes it closer to modern understanding of ‘revolution’ as an event of considerable social and political significance and change. An attempt is made to explain why exactly this word came to denote one of the key events of Modern history. The word ‘revolution’ was being widely used in England of the late sixteenth – early seventeenth century and served to connect everyday secular and mundane ideas and notions to heavenly, more elevated level. The character of the employment of the word provided for the possibility of its secularisation and direct social and political usage. Particular stages of this process are shown by the analysis of its role in the English translations of various concepts and ideas of original Latin text by William Camden.
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Zuppelli, Ashley R., Jacob Scutaru, Alexandra Danforth, Robert Biernbaum, Roberto Corales, Shealynn Hilliard, and William M. Valenti. "880. Interim Analysis of Real-World Community-Based HIV Rapid Start Antiretroviral with BFTAF Versus Conventional HIV Antiretroviral Therapy Start – The RoCHaCHa Study, A Pilot Study." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 8, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2021): S531—S532. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofab466.1075.
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Abstract Background Trillium Health (TH) is a Federally Qualified Health Center look-alike and Ryan White C grantee in Rochester, NY providing primary and specialty care, including HIV prevention and treatment. Rapid Start Antiretroviral therapy (RSA) has been shown to decrease time to viral suppression while increasing linkage to and retention in care. However, data on a fixed-dose combination of BFTAF with these benefits are limited. We aim to show RSA with BFTAF time to viral suppression, adherence to medication, and retention in care is statistically significant in comparison to older treatment models. Additionally, we aim to demonstrate the feasibility and acceptability of RSA with BFTAF. Methods This is an interim analysis of participants who enrolled in the study and been in care at TH for at least 3 months as of May 2021. All participants complete a baseline assessment and start BFTAF. Follow up visits are conducted through 48 weeks. Primary and secondary endpoints are included in the attached table 2 Barriers to care and patient reported outcomes were evaluated through a standardized questionnaire at the final study visit. Study results were compared with non-RSA historical control data from patients who received standard of care universal ART initiation at TH. Results Thirty-four participants have been enrolled in the study for at least 12 weeks, 33 (97%) of whom have reached and maintained viral suppression. Twenty-one participants have completed all 48 weeks, with 20 (95%) reaching and maintaining viral suppression. In comparison to historical controls, the RSA study participants had a statistically significant shorter time to viral suppression, both from diagnosis and from ART initiation. The RSA patients had statistically significant higher retention at 12, 24, and 48 weeks in comparison to historical controls. Adherence was higher in the RSA patients, though not statistically significant. Enrollment Graphic for the Rochacha Study Baseline Demographics of Study Participants and Controls Clinical Outcomes of Study Participants compared to Controls Conclusion Our data show that RSA with BFTAF can be effective in a community based health center setting in participants facing barriers to care. The patients who were treated by RSA with BFTAF had a high viral suppression rate. To date, no BFTAF regimen had to be changed due to resistance or virologic failure in this study. These data support implementation of RSA with BFTAF as standard of care. Disclosures Ashley R. Zuppelli, PHARMD, BCACP, AAHIVP, Gilead Sciences (Research Grant or Support) Robert Biernbaum, DO, MS, FAAEM, AAHIVS, Gilead Sciences (Research Grant or Support) Roberto Corales, DO, AAHIVS, Gilead Sciences (Employee, Scientific Research Study Investigator) Shealynn Hilliard, MS, Gilead Sciences (Research Grant or Support) William M. Valenti, MD, FIDSA, Gilead Sciences (Research Grant or Support)
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Fraisse, Clyde W., George W. Braun, William R. Lusher, and Lee R. Staudt. "Your Farm Weather Station: Installation and Maintenance Guidelines." EDIS 2015, no. 3 (May 6, 2015): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/edis-ae502-2015.
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Weather is a prominent factor in the success or failure of agricultural enterprises, and the technology has improved and is less expensive, so many farmers are installing farm-based weather stations for tracking weather conditions, scheduling irrigation, making decisions related to cold protection, and accomplishing other tasks. But management decisions must be based on high-quality observations. Sensors must meet accepted minimum accuracy standards, and the station must be sited properly and well-maintained. This 5-page fact sheet provides farmers with basic guidelines for installing and maintaining a weather station. Written by Clyde W. Fraisse, George W. Braun, William R. Lusher, and Lee R. Staudt, and published by the UF Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, April 2015. AE502/AE502: Your Farm Weather Station: Installation and Maintenance Guidelines (ufl.edu)
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Cheshire, Paul. "Cottle's Bristol Album, ‘Evening’ and the ‘Insane Man at Dr Fox's’." Romanticism 23, no. 1 (April 2017): 15–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/rom.2017.0303.
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Joseph Cottle started his Bristol Album in 1795, recognizing the promise of his new circle of friends. Among those who contributed poems to this album were Southey, Coleridge, Wordsworth, William Gilbert, Dr Beddoes, and the anonymous author of a poem ‘Evening’, described in the album as ‘Written by an Insane Man at Dr Fox's’. ‘Evening’ appears in the album immediately before a contribution in Coleridge's hand, and it has a number of verbal parallels with ‘The Eolian Harp’, which Coleridge was to start two months later. Dr Edward Long Fox, who in 1795 played a leading role in Bristol's radical community, was a medical practitioner who treated the mentally ill. This paper looks at how the poem was transmitted from the privacy of Fox's asylum to the pages of Cottle's album, and assesses its significance for that early Romantic writing circle.
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Miller, William Watts. "The ‘Revelation’ in Durkheim's Sociology of Religion." Durkheimian Studies 26, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 159–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/ds.2022.260107.
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Abstract What was the nature of the ‘revelation’ and of the appreciation of William Robertson Smith that, in 1907, Émile Durkheim dated to 1895? This article tracks new developments in his thought after 1895, including an emphasis on creative effervescence. But there was also continuity, involving a search for origins that used the ethnology of a living culture to identify early human socioreligious life with totemism in Australia. It is this continuity, at the core of his thought after 1895, which helps to bring out the nature of his ‘revelation’ and of his homage to Robertson Smith. It also highlights a problem with his start from an already complex Australian world, yet without a suitable evolutionary perspective available to him. However, a modern re-reading can reinstate Durkheim's interest in origins, in a story of hominin/human evolution over millions of years.
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Clement, Jan J. "The Elmina Dagregister of William Butler, 1721." History in Africa 24 (January 1997): 409–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3172041.
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De Heeren Thienen, executives of the college of directors of the West-Indische Compagnie (W.I.C.) in Amsterdam, demanded that their directors-general in Elmina keep accurate journals or day books, copies of which had to be sent to Holland regularly and at short intervals (one to three months), to each of the five “Kamers” or Chambers: Amsterdam, Zeeland, Maas, Stad, and Lande en Noorderquartier. These journals were produced during most of the period of two and a half centuries that the Dutch resided at the Gold Coast. All of the still-existing journals are now stored at the Algemeen Rijksarchief (ARA) in The Hague in Holland.Unfortunately, many of the manuscripts dating from before 1700 have gone, lost either by deliberate destruction, by thoughtless bureaucrats, or by accidental fires. Of the manuscripts now in the ARA many are in poor condition and are not available for consultation; others are being microfilmed, which makes studying these valuable documents somewhat tiresome. Fortunately, when I transcribed the day book of 1721 on my laptop computer, I was lucky enough to be able to use the original manuscript; a few weeks after I had finished this job the manuscript was microfilmed and is now available only in that format. The only other existing transcription of a journal of Elmina was published in 1953 by Karel Ratelband, whose Vijf dagregisters van het kasteel Sao Jorge Da Mina, covers the years 1645 to 1647.The journals of Elmina written or dictated by the directors-general were used by the Heeren Thienen in Amsterdam primarily as a tool to control their staff on the Gold Coast.
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Sowmya, Manohar VR, Mohandas Rai, H. N. Gopalakrishna, and Chandrashekar R. "Effect of aqueous Extract of Terminalia bellirica fruit pulp on Alcohol affected learning in swiss albino mice." IP International Journal of Comprehensive and Advanced Pharmacology 6, no. 2 (August 15, 2021): 76–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijcaap.2021.013.
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To evaluate the effect of Aqueous extract of Terminalia belliricafruit pulp (AETB) on learning by Hebb William maze model in mice with acute alcohol consumption.Swiss albino mice (n=48) of either sex weighing 20-30g will be divided into eight groups of six mice each. Drugs were given orally after 12 hours of fasting. Group I mice received 10ml/kg of Normal Saline, Group II mice received Piracetam 200mg/kg, Group III received AETB 36mg/kg, Group IV received ethanol 1.5g/kg orally, Group V received ethanol(1.5g/kg )+ piracetam (200mg/kg), Group VI mice received ethanol(1.5g/kg) +AETB(9mg/kg), Group VII mice received ethanol(1.5g/kg) +AETB (18mg/kg), Group VIII mice received ethanol(1.5g/kg) +AETB(36mg/kg). Time taken by the animal to reach the reward chamber from the start chamber (TRC) in Hebb-William maze was used as a parameterto evaluate the learning.Acute alcohol administration showed increase in TRC. Whereas, acute administration of Aqueous extracts of Terminalia belliricafruit pulp showed a decrease in TRC when compared to the control group. The TRC values for the groups that were administered AETB along with acute alcohol administration showed decrease in TRC values compared to the negative control.Current study showed acute alcohol administration caused impairment of thelearning ability in mice. Whereas, acute administration of Aqueous extracts of Terminalia belliricafruit pulp (AETB)caused enhancement of learning. Pre-treatment with AETB before acute alcohol administration indicated protective action of AETB on alcohol affected learning in mice.
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Schwartz, Jesse W. "“Dynamite Talk”: William Dean Howells, Racial Socialism, and a Legal Theory of Literary Complicity." Nineteenth-Century Literature 73, no. 4 (March 1, 2019): 522–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ncl.2019.73.4.522.
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Jesse W. Schwartz, “‘Dynamite Talk’: William Dean Howells, Racial Socialism, and a Legal Theory of Literary Complicity” (pp. 522–550) In the wake of the 1886 Haymarket bombing in Chicago, William Dean Howells famously stood alone among his peers and against nearly all public opinion by defending the accused, denouncing the court, and appealing for clemency. Scholars ever since have found it difficult to explain Howells’s transition from the often hidebound “Dean of American Letters” into an ardent—if provisional—activist. However, as Howells made clear from the start, his sympathies were not with the anarchists themselves but against the “civic murder” committed by the court. Taking the writer at his word, this essay returns to the transcript of the Haymarket trial in order to identify the catalyst behind Howells’s unlikely conversion. By linking the defendants’ tracts and speeches with subsequent political acts allegedly committed by their sympathizers, the prosecution had manufactured a juridical reconciliation that successfully collapsed all conceptual space between word and deed, thereby leaving every writer potentially liable for the social lives of their texts. In A Hazard of New Fortunes (1889), Howells’s literary response to both the bomb and the trial, the beleaguered author would attempt to unstitch this legal contiguity by appraising characters for their susceptibility to radical speech. Yet, by linking the degree of this complicity to ethnicity rather than politics, the novel ultimately upholds the legal logics that Howells had so vigorously opposed.
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Cairns, John W. "Academic Feud, Bloodfeud, and William Welwood: Legal Education in St Andrews, 1560–1611-Part I." Edinburgh Law Review 2, no. 2 (May 1998): 158–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/elr.1998.2.2.158.
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This article, in earlier versions presented as a paper to the Edinburgh Roman Law Group on 10 December 1993 and to the joint meeting of the London Roman Law Group and London Legal History Seminar on 7 February 1997, addresses the puzzle of the end of law teaching in the Scottish universities at the start of the seventeenth century at the very time when there was strong pressure for the advocates of the Scots bar to have an academic education in Civil Law. It demonstrates that the answer is to be found in the life of William Welwood, the last Professor of Law in St Andrews, while making some general points about bloodfeud in Scotland, the legal culture of the sixteenth century, and the implications of this for Scottish legal history. It is in two parts, the second of which will appear in the next issue of the Edinburgh Law Review.
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Levine, Ross L., and D. Gary Gilliland. "Myeloproliferative disorders." Blood 112, no. 6 (September 15, 2008): 2190–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2008-03-077966.
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Abstract In 1951 William Dameshek classified polycythemia vera (PV), essential thombocytosis (ET), and primary myelofibrosis (PMF) as pathogenetically related myeloproliferative disorders (MPD). Subsequent studies demonstrated that PV, ET, and PMF are clonal disorders of multipotent hematopoietic progenitors. In 2005, a somatic activating mutation in the JAK2 nonreceptor tyrosine kinase (JAK2V617F) was identified in most patients with PV and in a significant proportion of patients with ET and PMF. Subsequent studies identified additional mutations in the JAK-STAT pathway in some patients with JAK2V617F− MPD, suggesting that constitutive activation of this signaling pathway is a unifying feature of these disorders. Although the discovery of mutations in the JAK-STAT pathway is important from a pathogenetic and diagnostic perspective, important questions remain regarding the role of this single disease allele in 3 related but clinically distinct disorders, and the role of additional genetic events in MPD disease pathogenesis. In addition, these observations provide a foundation for development of small molecule inhibitors of JAK2 that are currently being tested in clinical trials. This review will discuss our understanding of the pathogenesis of PV, ET, and PMF, the potential role of JAK2-targeted therapy, and the important unanswered questions that need to be addressed to improve clinical outcome.
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Dorna, Maciej. "At the origins of the Territorial Organisation of Teutonic Prussia – The Division of Prussian Lands between the Bishop of Prussia and the Teutonic Order in a Treaty of 1232." Masuro-Warmian Bulletin 298, no. 4 (January 4, 2018): 547–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.51974/kmw-134920.
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In this article, the author attempts to establish the circumstances and meanings of the texts of the 1240s and 1250s, concerning the division of the Prussian lands, which the Bishop of Prussia along with the Teutonic Order had signed with the papal legate William of Modena. This agreement sub-divided the Prussian lands with a ratio of 2:1 in favour of the Order and according to the author’s findings came to fruition in 1232, during the forgotten Prussian mission of Wilhelm of Modena in autumn of this year. It was accompanied by a second agree�ment, in which, in exchange for the Bishop’s acceptance of the unfavourable division of Prussia, it was agreed to increase his property rights in the Kulmerland. This arrangement was the first agreement between Christian and the Teutonic Order to divide all the Prussian lands, for granting Christian of Rubenicht from the start of 1231, under which the Bishop gave the Teutonic Order a third of their Prussian lands, encompassed only the lands acquired by the Bishop, to come into his possession by voluntary means from the converts of Prussia and not on Prussian lands which were to become the targets of conquest. The partitioning of autumn 1232 proved to have far-reaching consequences in the history of the Teutonic Order State in Prussia, for it became a model for regu�lating the division of the Prussian territories between the bishops and the Order made by William of Modena in the Act of 28th July 1243.
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Katznelson, Ira. "Du Bois’s Century." Social Science History 23, no. 4 (1999): 459–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200021817.
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In March 1900, William Edward Burghart Du Bois addressed the third annual meeting of the American Negro Academy on “the present outlook for the dark races of mankind.” He cautioned, though It is natural for us to consider that our race question is a purely national and local affair, confined to nine million Americans and settled when their rights and opportunities are assured. … a glance over the world at the dawn of a new century will convince us that this is but the be-ginning of the problem—that the color line belts the world and that the social problem of the twentieth century is to be the relation of the civilized world to the dark races of mankind. If we start eastward tonight and land on the continent of Africa we land in the center of the greater Negro problem—of the world problem of the black man. (1996 [1900]: 47–48)
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Whitby, Richard. "Ben Hur Live as post-cinematic adaptation." Journal of Adaptation in Film & Performance 15, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 61–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jafp_00069_1.
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Ben Hur Live was a live, arena-based version of the story from Lew Wallace’s novel Ben-Hur (1880), best known via the 1959 film version directed by William Wyler, that premiered at London’s O2 Arena in 2009. Meant as the start of a world tour, the show was a financial flop and its run was cut short. I argue that this show was in fact an early example of a small genre of oversized productions ‐ Arena Spectaculars ‐ that bring together live versions of screen material in a specifically post-cinematic way. Since Ben Hur Live’s financial failure there have been financially successful shows such as Batman Live and Walking with Dinosaurs: The Arena Spectacular; their very titles showing their contingent and intertextual nature. Although seemingly niche, aberrant or even ridiculous, the arena spectacular can actually illuminate many things about the contemporary consumption of texts in a post-cinematic, networked and franchised economy of images.
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Whitby, Richard. "Ben Hur Live as post-cinematic adaptation." Journal of Adaptation in Film & Performance 15, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 61–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jafp_00069_1.
Full textAbstract:
Ben Hur Live was a live, arena-based version of the story from Lew Wallace’s novel Ben-Hur (1880), best known via the 1959 film version directed by William Wyler, that premiered at London’s O2 Arena in 2009. Meant as the start of a world tour, the show was a financial flop and its run was cut short. I argue that this show was in fact an early example of a small genre of oversized productions ‐ Arena Spectaculars ‐ that bring together live versions of screen material in a specifically post-cinematic way. Since Ben Hur Live’s financial failure there have been financially successful shows such as Batman Live and Walking with Dinosaurs: The Arena Spectacular; their very titles showing their contingent and intertextual nature. Although seemingly niche, aberrant or even ridiculous, the arena spectacular can actually illuminate many things about the contemporary consumption of texts in a post-cinematic, networked and franchised economy of images.
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Luther, Peter. "Williams v Hensman and the uses of history." Legal Studies 15, no. 2 (July 1995): 219–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-121x.1995.tb00060.x.
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When the topic of severance of a beneficial joint tenancy is discussed, most judges and academics start with the case of Williams v Hensman. The judgment of Sir William Page Wood V-C is the ‘locus classicus’, the ‘starting point for any discussion of the modem law’. One paragraph of Page Wood's judgment is quoted in case after case:‘A joint tenancy may be severed in three ways: in the first place, an act of one of the persons interested operating on his own share may create a severance as to that share. The right of each joint tenant is a right by survivorship only in the event of no severance having taken place of the share which is claimed under the jus accrescendi. Each one is at liberty to dispose of his own interest in such a manner as to sever it from the joint fund - losing, of course, at the same time, his own right of survivorship.
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Dunstan, Helen. "A Different Trajectory: Market-Consciousness in Chinese Political Economy, 800–1800." Journal of Chinese History 4, no. 1 (November 18, 2019): 55–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jch.2019.21.
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AbstractThis article engages critically with William Rowe's notion of an “alternative economic discourse” linking the market-consciousness shown in some aspects of Dong Wei's approach to famine relief in the Song dynasty to that which informed many subsistence-policy discussions and some aspects of bureaucratic practice during the high Qing. The longevity of the discursive tradition is shown to be understated if we start with Dong Wei, but it is also taken as an interpretative challenge. Comparison with the case of ancien régime France is used to suggest an alternative conceptualization that enables us to differentiate between (1) a mainstream tradition of conventionally accepted market-conscious prescriptions that were not perceived as challenging Confucian moralism, and (2) avant-garde departures. A review of the arguments used down the centuries to justify distributing famine relief in monetary form is used to pinpoint one such departure and to reflect on its significance in a multi-century perspective.
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Rahman, Sofiur. "Wordsworth's Romanticism in the Light of the Poem “Munajat Arwah” of Khalil Gibran: A Study." RESEARCH REVIEW International Journal of Multidisciplinary 8, no. 12 (December 14, 2023): 88–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.31305/rrijm.2023.v08.n12.013.
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Literature has a long history, and it shows that many writers and thinkers have helped start, develop, enrich, and bring about major changes or literary catalysts in the genre they work in. Not only do they start a new trend, but they also create a completely new way of writing, often against all odds and expectations. They change the way literature is written now and in the future. Gibran A famous writer, Khalil Gibran (1883–1931), owned such a thing. He is praised for his work as a novelist, philosopher, poet, and artist. Gibran In spite of being born in Lebanon, Khalil Gibran lived most of his life in the United States. He learned about the ideas of English Romanticism while living there. Wordsworth, Blake, Shelley, and Keats were some of the most famous Romantic poets. It was because of him and his later work with the Ar-rabitah group of AL-Mahjer poets that Arabic Romanticism began, which was a reaction against Arabic neoclassical poetry. People say that Romanticism is the return to nature. The poet's mind is affected by nature, and nature responds to the poet's mind in a way that is coloured by imagination. In this way, nature becomes a major theme in the poems of William Wordsworth, who is known as the founder of English Romanticism and a literary legend. One important way that Wordsworth's love of nature shows itself is in the way he insisted on shifting the focus from city life to country life. Gibran also felt the same way about this shift, filled with nostalgia and regret for how factory smoke had changed country life. Gibran writes about nature in a way that is a lot like Wordsworth's in his famous book Munajat Arwah (Communion of Spirits), which came out in 1914. As a result, this poem is used to show how the English Romantic poet shaped Gibran's vision of nature's beauty as superior to life in cities, which is filled with pollution and waste. In this study, we will also do our best to find ways that Gibran Khalil and William Wordsworth, who started Arabic and English Romanticism, wrote about nature in ways that are similar. This essay is mostly about Gibran's well-known poem Munajat Arwah. This essay is mostly about Gibran's well-known poem Munajat Arwah. In the way that Wordsworth thought and spoke, the poem praises the superiority of nature over city life.
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Wegs, R. "Auf dem Weg zur Grossstadt: Eine Sozialgeschichte der Stadt Graz 1850-1914. By William H. Hubbard (Vienna: Verlag fur Geschichte und Politik, 1984. x plus 283 pp.)." Journal of Social History 20, no. 4 (June 1, 1987): 783–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jsh/20.4.783.
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Reddoch, Allan H., and Willem Siebrand. "William George Schneider OC FRSC. 1 June 1915 — 18 February 2013." Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 61 (January 2015): 485–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.2014.0023.
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William George Schneider OC FRS FRSC was an eminent Canadian chemist and science administrator. At the National Research Council of Canada (NRC) in Ottawa, he made high-precision measurements relating to the gas laws, to phase changes and to critical phenomena. He showed experimentally the need to reduce the gravitational density gradient in measurements of the critical point and used ultrasonic studies to support the concept of dynamic cluster formation. After a decade, he switched to nuclear magnetic resonance. He did pioneering work on the analysis of high-resolution spectra of protons in organic compounds and on the information that can be derived about intramolecular and intermolecular interactions. These studies were the basis for an influential book, High-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance , written with Harold Bernstein and John Pople. Concurrently, he investigated the photoconductivity and semiconductivity of insulating organic crystals, in particular anthracene. He explored the conditions necessary to make accurate measurements and then studied the electronic processes in anthracene. The advent of lasers allowed him, with Boris Stoicheff, to probe more deeply into these processes. This work was of considerable interest to major high-technology companies. Bill rose rapidly through the managerial structure of the NRC and became its president in 1967, serving for 13 years, the longest of any president. After retiring, Bill served for several years with the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, two of them as its president, and remained active as a chemical consultant, advising small start-up companies. He died at the age of 97 years in Ottawa.
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Pettigrew, William A. "Corporate Constitutionalism and the Dialogue between the Global and Local in Seventeenth-Century English History." Itinerario 39, no. 3 (December 2015): 487–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s016511531500090x.
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This forum discusses the utility of ‘corporate constitutionalism’ as a category of historical analysis. Corporate constitutionalism privileges the constitutional activities of international trading corporations to understand the cross-cultural dynamics at work in European expansion. William A Pettigrew sets out the possibilities of corporate constitutionalism in the first essay which defines the concept, makes the case for viewing trading corporations as constitutional entities at home and abroad, signals some possible interpretive benefits for historians of empire, corporate historians, global historians, and constitutional historians, before offering an illustrative case study about the Royal African Company. Leading thinkers in international history (David Armitage), legal history (Paul Halliday), constitutional theory (Vicki Hsueh), and corporate history (Thomas Leng and Philip J Stern) offer their reflections on the possibilities of this new approach to the international activities of trading corporations. Although the Forum focuses on seventeenth century English trading corporations, it proposes to start a discussion about the utility of corporate constitutionalism for other European corporations and for periods both before and after the seventeenth century.
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Leonard, Paul. "The Tempest x 2 in Toronto." Canadian Theatre Review 54 (March 1988): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/ctr.54.002.
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On a sweltering afternoon last July, I arrived at Toronto’s High Park in the West End of the city at 5 o’clock to reserve a choice space on the hill for that evening’s performance of The Tempest. The play was produced by Toronto Free Theatre, one of the city’s major companies established during the early 70s; TFT has been producing a play by William Shakespeare in the park each summer since 1984. Performances are free and, as a result, the project has been successful from the beginning. As I reached the performance site, it was obvious that The Tempest would not be an exception: dozens of people already were lounging and eating, laughing and reading, killing time before the show scheduled to begin in about three and a half hours. By the time my friends-and their picnic dinner-joined me at 6:30, the steep hill was so crowded it seemed unlikely that anyone else would be able to find a place to sit; yet people continued to squeeze themselves onto the slope right up to the start of the show.
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Loginov, Evgeny Vladimirovich. "Circle, Test, and Perception of God." Philosophy of Religion: Analytic Researches 7, no. 2 (2023): 143–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.21146/2587-683x-2023-7-2-143-157.
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The paper offers a discussion on William P. Alston’s epistemology of religious experience. I start with a general assessment, then propose an explanation of Alston’s main argument for a solid epistemic status of the practice of mystical perception. The explanation shows that this argument depends on whether we have reasons not to consider the practice reliable. We can divide all reasons against the mystical perception into two types. The first type of reasons is associated with the requirement of external justification. Alston believes that this requirement is not dangerous, since both mystical and sensory perception are based on an epistemic circle. I propose a critique of the circulatory thesis about the reliability of sensory perception. The second type of justification concerns the requirement of the possibility of intersubjective tests and other features of sensory perception. Alston considers it unreasonable to apply the requirement to the mystical perception. I show that there are no sufficient reasons to agree with this claim. At the end of the paper the Russian translation of Alston’s book is evaluated.
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Rahman, Muhd Mustafizur. "An Overview of the Romantic Age, Romantic Poets and Romantic Poetry in English Literature: A Critical Analysis." Integrated Journal for Research in Arts and Humanities 3, no. 4 (July 13, 2023): 43–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.55544/ijrah.3.4.6.
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This article aims at giving an overview on the whole romantic period. The start of the romantic period, the way it happened, the poets that helped to make this period shine, the background of the poets and the details of the romantic poetry that ruled this era – all of the aspects are described very elaborately in this article. The romantic age was established at the end of the eighteenth century and it lasted up to the 30’s of the nineteenth century. This romantic period replaced the neoclassical period where the classical poets like Alexander Pope made classical poetry famous among readers. Elements such as imagination, emotion, nature were used very passionately in the romantic poetry. There are more than four poets who wrote romantic poems in this period but only the life and poetry of the significant four poets are written in this article who was William Wordsworth, Samuel Coleridge, John Keats, P. B Shelley. Wordsworth and Coleridge were the very first influencers of the romantic period. Wordsworth portrayed nature very artistically with his imagination in his poems. He wrote poems to pleasure the feelings of the common people. His close friend, Coleridge was influenced by some early politic affairs, his master James bowers and poet William Bowles to write romantic poetry. His investigation of the human nature through his poems made his poems very relatable. John Keats came after Wordsworth and Coleridge in this era. He upheld beauty and imagination frequently in his writing and shared the importance of his created term ‘negative capability.’ P.B Shelley differed from the other romantic poets by giving some importance to logic. He cared about morality and good lessons in his poems. He also portrayed melancholy very beautifully with his pen. This article will guide people in knowing even the little things of the romantic era.
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Alwi, Muhammad. "KRITIK ATAS PANDANGAN WILLIAM M. WATT TERHADAP SEJARAH PENULISAN AL-QUR’AN." Jurnal Studi Ilmu-ilmu Al-Qur'an dan Hadis 21, no. 1 (January 30, 2020): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/qh.2020.2101-05.
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The study of the Qur'an has been a topic of interest to many circles, excluding Western scholars. Many of the themes they promote are generally related to the authenticity of the Qur'an. To get into this problem, many circles start arguing from the history of the Qur'an. It is this theme that William M. Watt is concerned within studying the Qur'an. Watt begins his narrative by referring to the term Ummi referred to by the Prophet Muhammad. Likewise, arguments about the literary tradition of the community are presented by reference to many verses in the Qur'an. The majority of interpretations produced are in sharp contrast to the views of the majority of Muslim scholars, so this study aims to conduct a review of Watt's views using thematic methods. This study concludes that the Qur'anic verses used as the basis for Watt's argument over the history of Qur'anic writing can be categorized into two types; historical arguments and interpretations. In the model of historical argument, Watt tends to assume that the writing tradition among the Arabs is also owned by the Prophet, so that the word of the people attached to the Prophet is understood as the Prophet's ignorance of the ancient scriptures. To reinforce the historical argument, Watt analyzes several passages relating to the term public for reinterpretation. Watt's steps in explaining the Qur'an's writing history tend to differ from many circles. Some historical arguments using the basis of verse tend to generalize their context, thus influencing many subsequent interpretations. This is why Watt's opinion is different from the opinion of the majority of scholars.
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Deneckere, Gita. "De taalpolitiek onder Willem I en Leopold I. Een review van recent historisch onderzoek." WT. Tijdschrift over de geschiedenis van de Vlaamse beweging 74, no. 3 (September 29, 2015): 199–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/wt.v74i3.12087.
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Tweehonderd jaar na het ontstaan van het Verenigd Koninkrijk der Nederlanden in 1815 bepaalt de communautaire breuklijn in sterke mate de politieke actualiteit in België. Vanuit een achterafperspectief lijkt de mislukte staat van Willem I vooral voor de positie van het Nederlands in het in 1830 afgescheurde België een mislukte kans. In deze review van de recente historiografie over het Verenigd Koninkrijk der Nederlanden wordt gefocust op de vraag naar de taalpolitiek als instrument van natiebouw en natievorming. Een eerste vaststelling is dat de taalpolitiek van Willem I meer belangstelling van taal- en letterkundigen krijgt dan van historici. Het accent ligt hierbij vooral op de taalpraktijken en de sociolinguïstische impact van het taalbeleid. Een tweede vaststelling is dat niettegenstaande de hoge vlucht van de transnationale geschiedenis een geïntegreerde historische kijk op Nederland én België in de recente historiografie veel minder nagestreefd wordt dan twee decennia geleden. Uit de vergelijking van recent biografisch onderzoek naar Willem I en Leopold kan ten derde worden afgeleid dat behalve hun persoonlijke geschiedenis ook het generatieverschil tussen beide vorsten een rol heeft gespeeld in de romantische gevoeligheid van de koning der Belgen, althans in zijn discours, voor het taalnationalisme van de Vlaamse beweging, terwijl bij Willem I het staatsnationalisme primeerde op elke consideratie voor culturele minderheden in de eenheidsstaat die hij trachtte te creëren. Het recente onderzoek bevestigt tenslotte dat Willems taalpolitiek in de Vlaamse noch in de Waalse provincies een centrale splijtzwam was in de desintegratie.________The language policy during the reign of William I and Leopold I: a review of recent historical research Two hundred years after the creation of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands in 1815 the current political situation in Belgium is for a large part determined by the community fault line. With hindsight the failed state of William I appears to be in particular a missed opportunity for the position of the Dutch language in Belgium that was split off from the Netherlands in 1830. This review of the recent historiography about the United Kingdom of the Netherlands focuses on the question of language policy as an instrument in nation building and nation formation. The first conclusion is that the language policy of William I receives more attention from linguists and literary experts than from historians. The emphasis is mostly on the language practices and the sociolinguistic impact of the language policy. The second conclusion is that in spite of the rapid increase in transnational history far less of an effort is made in the recent historiography to achieve an integrated historical view of the Netherlands and Belgium than two decades ago. Thirdly, from the comparison of recent biographical research into William I and Leopold it may be deduced that in addition to their personal history the generational difference between both sovereigns has also played a role in the romantic sensitivity of the King of the Belgians, at least in his discourse, about the language nationalism of the Flemish movement, while in the case of William I state nationalism was given priority over any consideration for cultural minorities in the unitary state he was trying to create. Finally, recent research confirms that William’s language policy was not a divisive issue in the disintegration either in the Flemish or in the Walloon provinces.
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Black, Alex W. "“A New Enterprise in Our History”: William Still, Conductor of The Underground Rail Road (1872)." American Literary History 32, no. 4 (2020): 668–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/alh/ajaa029.
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Abstract This article presents the formal and material innovations of The Underground Rail Road (1872) and its author and publisher, William Still. Before the Civil War, Still chaired the Philadelphia Vigilance Committee, which assisted hundreds of fugitives from slavery in making their way to freedom. After the Civil War, Still wrote a book based on his records of their stories. The discrimination Black writers and readers experienced from the publishing business convinced Still to start his own. Still’s publishing business, like the movement his book documented, was the work of a collective. He called on family members, allies in reform, and friends in Black periodical publishing to produce and distribute the book. Still promoted the book and the business as an extension of the liberation movement. The labors of the fugitives he had helped, and of the booksellers he employed, would stimulate the economic progress, and protect the political and social gains, for which African Americans were striving. Still, a race man and a businessman, proposed a solution to the inequitable production and distribution of Black books. “The time has come,” he declared, “for colored men to be writing books & selling them too.”
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Katsorchi, Stavroula Anastasia. "The Unethics of Technological Sublimity: The Representation of Environmental Pollution in the Poetry of William Wordsworth." Integrated Journal for Research in Arts and Humanities 2, no. 5 (September 15, 2022): 62–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.55544/ijrah.2.5.11.
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Within a world that is suffering from an escalating climate crisis, literature and literary theory alike are called to arms. Their mission is to alert both readers and scholars to the looming ecological disaster, but also to encourage the invention and active promotion of ethical ways of dealing with the crisis. Assuming an ecological perspective, this paper turns to the Romantic period and the early signs of industrial destruction and discusses William Wordsworth’s ambiguous, volatile stance towards technology. Building on Edmund Burke and Immanuel Kant, this paper contends that Wordsworth’s early poems represent technology as a sublime object. This portrayal, however, invokes feelings of paralyzing terror, thereby promoting inaction as regards industrialism’s environmental impact. Once technological advancement reaches the Lake District, however, and aesthetic distance is compromised, Wordsworth’s attitude changes, becoming a condemnatory one, moving him to start a campaign against the expansion of the railway. Following Elaine Scarry’s theorization of the link between aesthetics and ethics, it is demonstrated that sublimity constitutes a passive hence unethical way of conceptualizing technology, signalling the need of redefining humankind’s position in and relationship with the rest of the world.
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Seed, Patricia. "“Failing to Marvel”: Atahualpa's Encounter with the Word." Latin American Research Review 26, no. 1 (1991): 7–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0023879100034907.
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The encounter between Atahualpa and the Spaniards in Cajamarca Plaza on 16 November 1532 provided the dramatic moment that has been highlighted in narratives of the conquest of Peru by generations of historians, from Francisco de Jerez and Titu Cusi Yupanqui to William Prescott. More recently, James Lockhart's highly influential Spanish Peru (1968) and its companion, The Men of Cajamarca (1972), have defined the striking encounter at Cajamarca as the starting point for understanding the conquest history of Peru. Edward Said and Peter Hulme, however, have suggested that within the genre of conquest narrative the conflict among different versions of the same event mainly revolves around the issue of where the story should start. If so, readers are impelled to take the designated beginning of the history of Spanish Peru—the events at Cajamarca—as not merely a dramatic framing device for telling history but as a choice implying an ideological understanding of the Spanish role in Peru. In recent American historiography, this choice of beginning with the events at Cajamarca has become a means of telling a classic tale of upward social mobility for Spaniards, one that starts with the capture of treasure at Cajamarca.
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Paterson, Ronan. "Additional Dialogue by… Versions of Shakespeare in the World’s Multiplexes." Multicultural Shakespeare: Translation, Appropriation and Performance 10, no. 25 (December 31, 2013): 53–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mstap-2013-0005.
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William Shakespeare has been part of the cinema since 1899. In the twentieth century almost a thousand films in some way based upon his plays were made, but the vast majority of those which sought to faithfully present his plays to the cinema audience failed at the box office. Since the start of the twenty-first century only one English language film using Shakespeare’s text has made a profit, yet at the same time Shakespeare has become a popular source for adaptations into other genres. This essay examines the reception of a number of adaptations as gangster films, teen comedies, musicals and thrillers, as well as trans-cultural assimilations. But this very proliferation throws up other questions, as to what can legitimately be called an adaptation of Shakespeare. Not every story of divided love is an adaptation of Romeo and Juliet. Different adaptations and assimilations have enjoyed differing degrees of success, and the essay interrogates those aspects which make the popular cinema audience flock to see Shakespeare in such disguised form, when films which are more faithfully based upon the original plays are so much less appealing to the audience in the Multiplexes.
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Yasnitsky, Nikolay, Nikolay Smolensky, and Ivan Zhiryakov. "Mitford on the formation of control systems in Athens and Sparta before the Peloponnesian war." E3S Web of Conferences 210 (2020): 16017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202021016017.
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The paper, historiographical by its nature, aims at examining the existing assessments of William Mitford's work and clarifying his interpretations of the particularities of the formation of political systems in Athens and Sparta before the start of the Peloponnesian War. The paper concludes that W. Mitford’s interpretations of the causes and characteristics of the formation of political systems and his description of the domestic political situation in Athens and Sparta are based on taking into account the objective, and above all, the material interests of various social strata of the population. An analysis of the work of W. Mitford revealed no distortions, arbitrary interpretation or preferences when choosing the text of ancient authors used by W. Mitford as sources. The main conclusion is that it was the democratic system of government founded by Solon, being itself a consequence of inequality of ownership that predetermined further upheavals and the expansion of the political struggle, while in Sparta the involvement in the political struggle decreased during the wars. Revision of assessments of interpretations and ideas of W. Mitford suggests the need to clarify the features of English historiography of the Enlightenment.
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Claydon, Tony. "Gilbert Burnet: An Ecclesiastical Historian and the Invention of the English Restoration Era." Studies in Church History 49 (2013): 181–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424208400002126.
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On the eve of the 1689 Revolution in England, Gilbert Burnet was best known as an ecclesiastical historian. Although he had had a noteworthy career as a Whigleaning cleric, who had gone into exile at the start of James II’s reign and had entered the household of William of Orange in the Hague, Burnet’s reputation had been based on his magisterial History of the Reformation. This had appeared in its first two volumes in 1678 and 1683, and had rapidly become the standard work on the religious changes of the Tudor age. Soon after the Revolution, Burnet also became notable as the chief propagandist of the new regime. He produced a steady stream of works justifying William’s usurpation of James’s throne, and played a major part in organizing such pro-Orange events as the fast days marking William’s war with Louis XIV. This essay explores a key intersection of these two roles. It suggests that Burnet’s explicitly pro-Williamite understanding of church history gave rise to a new division of the past, and effectively invented the Restoration era as a distinct period of British history, running from 1660 to 1689.
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O'Brien, David M. "The Supreme Court: From Warren to Burger to Rehnquist." PS 20, no. 1 (1987): 12–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030826900627479.
Full textAbstract:
Changes in the composition of the Supreme Court perhaps inevitably invite speculation about whether and how the Court will change, and what direction it will take in the future. The move of William Rehnquist from associate justice to chief justice and the addition of Antonin Scalia certainly alters the chemistry of the Court. These changes may also have a profound impact on the Court's place in American government during the rest of this century.There is no doubt that the Court will change. Differences are already apparent during oral arguments. Rehnquist is sharper, more thoughtful, more commanding and wittier than his predecessor in the center chair. And from the far right of the bench, Scalia almost bubbles over with energy and questions for counsel. No less revealing is that in the week before the start of the 1986–87 term on the first Monday in October, Rehnquist managed to get the justices to dispose of over 1,000 cases (granting 22 and denying or otherwise disposing of the rest). He did so in only two days, whereas it usually took Burger more than twice as long to get through about the same number.
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Boukemmouche, Hanane, and Samira Al-Khawaldeh. "The Monomyth or the Hero’s Journey in William Faulkner’s Screenplays: The Last Slaver and Drums Along the Mohawk." Theory and Practice in Language Studies 12, no. 12 (December 1, 2022): 2527–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.1212.07.
Full textAbstract:
Numerous critical works have dealt with the fiction of William Faulkner. However, little research has been done about his significant work for the screen. Most studies that have dealt with Faulkner’s screenplays focus on comparing between the fiction and the screenplays detecting especially how cinematic elements have found their way into the author’s works of literature. Hence, this article explores two of Faulkner’s 1930s screenplays, looking at the narrative structures of the scripts, seeking to find out to what extent they are consistent with the structure of the monomyth, the concept introduced by Joseph Campbell. Moreover, the study depicts the main stages of the monomyth, or the hero’s journey, as it traces the main protagonist’s path from the start of his quest till he reaches the end of his adventure and goes through the main trials he has to experience. By applying Campbell’s theory of the mythological hero’s journey and referring to Carl Jung’s ideas on the process of individuation, the study exhibits the psychological development of the main protagonists through the different phases of the monomyth and presents their final transformation and full growth as a result of the tests they have undertaken throughout the journey.
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O'Brien, David M. "The Supreme Court: From Warren to Burger to Rehnquist." PS: Political Science & Politics 20, no. 01 (1987): 12–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049096500025610.
Full textAbstract:
Changes in the composition of the Supreme Court perhaps inevitably invite speculation about whether and how the Court will change, and what direction it will take in the future. The move of William Rehnquist from associate justice to chief justice and the addition of Antonin Scalia certainly alters the chemistry of the Court. These changes may also have a profound impact on the Court's place in American government during the rest of this century.There is no doubt that the Court will change. Differences are already apparent during oral arguments. Rehnquist is sharper, more thoughtful, more commanding and wittier than his predecessor in the center chair. And from the far right of the bench, Scalia almost bubbles over with energy and questions for counsel. No less revealing is that in the week before the start of the 1986–87 term on the first Monday in October, Rehnquist managed to get the justices to dispose of over 1,000 cases (granting 22 and denying or otherwise disposing of the rest). He did so in only two days, whereas it usually took Burger more than twice as long to get through about the same number.
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Solikhah, Imroatus. "BAHAN AJAR WRITING FOR ACADEMIC PURPOSES BERBASIS SELF-MOTIVATED LEARNING." Konstruktivisme: Jurnal Pendidikan & Pembelajaran 6, no. 2 (July 10, 2014): 111–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.30957/konstruk.v6i2.28.
Full textAbstract:
This study is aimed at devising teaching materials for Writing for Academic Purposes (WAP). In context of English for Academic Purposes (EAP), writing is the core materials together woth reading comprehension and critical thinking. The study used Recursive Reflective Design and Development (R2D2) from Willis (1995). The main data if this study were writing materials for academic purposes and the subjects of the study included lecturer, students, and expert in writing. The study revealed two main ifndings. In the Defining Stage, the findings indicated that WAP should include writing for academic purposes that start from paragraph, three paragraph-composition, and 3-5 paragraph essay. The model of the essay is argumentative or persuasive essay as it is applicable for Test of Written English (TWE) for the TOEFL. In the Design and Development Stage, the WAP materials were developed into four components of instructional design: Competency Standard, Basic Competency, Indicators, and Core Materials. In overall outline, the design of WAP is begun with paragraph and its component and the essay for TWE.