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Published: 30 May 2022

Last updated: 31 May 2022

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1

Laksono, Puji, and Aprilia Novita. "An Analysis of Code Switching in Boy William’s Vlog on Youtube." CLLiENT (Culture, Literature, Linguistics, and English Teaching) 2, no. 02 (August 18, 2021): 33–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.32699/cllient.v2i02.1882.

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Today there are many people can speak more than one language. It makes them can switch from one language to others in one speech event. This paper explainstypes of code switching, factors that influence the use of code switching and the function of code switching Boy William’s Vlog. The research belongs to qualitative research. The data are in form of utterances spoken by the Boy William and his guests. The data are collected by observation. It is done by watching and recording the video and writing the data. Then dataare analyzed by content analysis. The steps in analyzing data are: selecting data, interpreting and drawing conclusion. The results shows that there are three types of code switching found, that are Intra-Sentential, Inter-Sentential and Tag Switching. Meanwhile, there are four factors that affect code switching; Participant, Solidarity, Status and Topic. While the function of code switching, six functions were found; Talking about Particular topics, Interjection, Express Solidarity, Intention of Clarifying The Speech Content for Interlocutors, Repetition Used for Clarification and Express Group Identification. Keywords:Types of code switching, Factors of code switching, Functions of code switching, Vlog.

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2

Martines, Francesco, Francesco Dispenza, Federico Sireci, Salvatore Gallina, and Pietro Salvago. "Eustachian Tube Function Assessment after Radiofrequency Turbinate Reduction in Atopic and Non-Atopic Patients." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 3 (January 20, 2021): 881. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18030881.

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(1) Background: Inferior turbinates’ hypertrophy is often associated with Eustachian tube dysfunction (ETD); radiofrequency turbinate reduction (RTR) may provide a long-term improvement of nasal obstruction and ETD-related symptoms. (2) Aim: The study aimed to compare ETD in atopic and non-atopic patients before and after RTR and to investigate the correlation between tympanometry and Eustachian Tube Dysfunction Questionnaire-7 (ETDQ-7). (3) Methods: Ninety-seven patients, ranging from 33 to 68 years old, were screened by skin tests and divided into atopic (G1) and non-atopic (G2). Eustachian tube function (ETF) was evaluated through tympanometry, William’s test and ETDQ-7. (4) Results: A moderate to severe subjective ETDQ-7 was found in the 35.42% of G1 and in the 22.45% of G2 patients before RTR. William’s test resulted normal in 141 ears (72.68%), partially impaired in 15 (7.73%), and grossly impaired in 38 (19.59%) before surgery. A grossly ETD was evidenced in the 19.59% of cases before surgery and decreased to 6.18% after surgery with a significant difference among atopic patients (p < 0.001). (5) Conclusion: RTR may be considered a treatment option in patients suffering from ETD and inferior turbinates’ hypertrophy; RTR reduced the percentage of grossly impaired ET function (p < 0.001). ETDQ-7 and William’s test may represent valuable tools to assess ET function before and after surgery.

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3

Singh, T. Dinesh, and C. P. Sudheer. "Assessment of eustachian tube dysfunction in middle ear pathologies." International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery 5, no. 1 (December 25, 2018): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20185299.

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<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Auditory tube dysfunction is suspected as primary cause of chronic otitis media and leads to surgical related complications in otitis media with tympanic membrane perforation. The diagnosis of eustachian tube malfunction is essential to know the pathogenesis of chronic otitis media.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A total 150 cases and 75 age, sex matched control subjects between age group 20-50 years were selected. Pre and post-surgical history was noted and detailed ear examination, tympanometry was done. Auditory tube function was evaluated through Valsalva test, nasopharyngoscopy, pneumatic otoscopy. Intact tympanic membrane was assessed by Williams test, perforated tympanic membrane by Toynbee’s test. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Postoperative assessment of eustachian tube function by Toynbee’s test for 19 cases with failed tympanoplasty showed normal ET function in 5 cases, 8 cases had partial and 6 cases had gross ET dysfunction. Postoperative assessment ET function by William’s test showed 4 cases among 19 cases had partial ET dysfunction and 01 cases had gross ET dysfunction.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Efficient surgical outcome of middle ear complications always depends on eustachian tube function. Most of the cases with residual CP showed partial or gross ET dysfunction. Patients with tubal dysfunction should be evaluated for underlying cause and treatable causes should addressed before proceeding for surgery as it increases the success rate of tympanoplasty.</p>

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4

Husien, Saddam. "MARGARET’S EMOTIONAL AND SOCIAL LONELINESS IN TENNESSEE WILLIAM’S “A CAT ON THE HOT TIN ROOF”." ANAPHORA: Journal of Language, Literary and Cultural Studies 3, no. 2 (February 7, 2021): 81–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.30996/anaphora.v3i2.3929.

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This study concentrates to analyze Margaret’s character about loneliness that experience by her in Tennessee William’s a Cat on the Hot Tin Roof. Loneliness is unpleasant situation that experience by someone when the one’s desire or ambition is not equivalent in social relationship. Furthermore, the source of the data is telling about someone who experiences loneliness which contains the type of loneliness, effect of loneliness and the effort to overcome from loneliness, consequently the theory of loneliness is chosen. Besides that, this study is qualitative design because the data are collected in the form of words. The data of this study are narrator’s explanations and the character’s utterances related to the loneliness experienced by Margaret and the writer has function as the key instrument in this research. According to the analysis of the drama, the writer has finds the answer of the research problem, that are types and effect of Margaret’s loneliness and Margaret’s effort to overcome or coping loneliness in Tennessee William a Cat on the Hot Tin Roof. There are two types of Margaret’s loneliness, they are emotional and social loneliness. Firstly, Margaret’s emotional loneliness is her unsatisfactory relation with Brick. She does not get intimate relation from Brick. Therefore, she cannot get unpleasant situation from Brick. Secondly, Margaret’s social loneliness, she as a part of Brick’s family is not respected and accepted in the family due to her childless and Brick’s addiction to liquor. Effects of Margaret’s loneliness. She transforms to be rude and frantic, she becomes talkative person, and the last effect is she has much power to be brave person. Margaret’s effort to overcome her loneliness, she tries to understand Brick’s situation and attitude to get attention and more communication with him.

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5

O’Rourke, Ciarán. "“The world too much with us? Rot!”: William Carlos Williams and the Ethics of Literary Perception." American Studies in Scandinavia 51, no. 2 (September 26, 2019): 73–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.22439/asca.v51i2.5976.

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This paper examines the poetics of perception and the accompanying moral commitments of William Carlos Williams’s poetry, paying attention in particular to the visual ethos of his work. If in his early years Williams conceptualized the poet’s function as “lifting to the imagination those things which lie under the direct scrutiny of the senses.” One of the chief arguments here is that this emphasis be understood as an expansive and ethically implicating one, rather than in creatively circumscribing terms. “Such war, as the arts live and breathe by,” Williams asserts in 1944, “is continuous.” After establishing the ethical basis for Williams’s poetics, this paper assesses the perceptual politics of his work of the 1940s specifically, and in a number of literary and historical contexts, including: his revisionary engagement with William Wordsworth and the Romantic tradition; his infamous poetic “exultation” at the bombing of London in 1941 and his elegy for President Franklin Delano Roosevelt; and his politically complex and often incendiary poems of social observation in these years. As such, this article both reveals and interrogates the sometimes contradictory ethical engagements and creative procedures that define Williams’s work in a period of profound political crisis.

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Sibuea, Christine Verawaty, Jeanne Adiwinata Pawitan, and Radiana Antarianto. "Pengaruh Penggantian Medium terhadap Viabilitas Hepatosit Kultur 3D Organoid Hati." Nommensen Journal of Medicine 7, no. 2 (February 28, 2022): 39–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.36655/njm.v7i2.625.

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Background : Liver organoids can be used as materials for Bioartificial Liver, to study the mechanism of liver disease and as drug test toxicity. Reconstruction of liver organoids requires optimal culture methods, culture medium and cellular components to construct liver organoids that resemble liver microstructure in vivo with optimal function. 3D culture method using hepatocytes and stem cells with PRP supplemented William's E can reconstruct liver organoids with liver function. Medium exchange is an usual method to maintain the required nutrients and to eliminate waste products, but it requires a sufficient supply of medium and supplementation. Method and the use of effective and efficient medium with optimal hepatocyte viability are urgently needed in the reconstruction of liver organoids. Objective : This study was aimed to compare the viability of primary hepatocytes in culture medium exchange liver organoids and monoculture and without culture medium exchange. Methods : Primary hepatocytes isolated from Sprague Dawley-Rats mice (250gr, n=3) were co-cultured with umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells, cord blood CD34+ stem cells and LX2 in PRP-supplemented William's E for 14 days. The culture medium was exchanged at 48 hours, day 7 and day 14 and no culture medium exchanged in the control group. Hepatocyte viability was analyzed using the Trypan Blue Exclusion Test at 48 hours, day 7 and day 14. Results : Hepatocyte viability in culture medium exchange liver organoids was higher than without culture medium exchange, especially in monoculture, but there was no significant difference (p value> 0.05). Conclusion: Hepatocyte viability in culture medium exchange liver organoids was not significantly different from no culture medium exchange liver organoids. Culture medium exchange in monoculture supported hepatocyte viability up to day 14. Keywords: hepatocytes, liver organoids, viability, culture medium ABSTRAK Latar belakang : Organoid hati dapat digunakan sebagai bahan Bioartificial Liver, mempelajari mekanisme penyakit hati dan uji toksisitas obat. Rekonstruksi organoid hati membutuhkan metode kultur, medium kultur dan komponen seluler yang optimal untuk menghasilkan organoid hati yang menyerupai mikrostruktur hati in vivo dengan fungsi yang optimal. Metode kultur 3D menggunakan hepatosit dan sel punca mesenkimal dengan William’s E yang disuplementasi PRP dapat merekonstruksi organoid hati dengan fungsi hati. Pergantian medium merupakan metode yang sering dilakukan untuk mempertahankan nutrisi yang dibutuhkan dan untuk membuang sisa metabolit sel, tetapi membutuhkan persediaan medium dan suplementasi yang cukup banyak. Metode dan penggunaan medium yang efektif dan efisien dengan viabilitas hepatosit yang optimal sangat dibutuhkan dalam rekonstruksi organoid hati. Tujuan : Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbandingan viabilitas hepatosit primer pada organoid hati dengan pergantian medium kultur dan tanpa pergantian medium kultur. Metode : Hepatosit primer yang diisolasi dari tikus Sprague Dawley-Rats (250gr, n=3) diko-kultur dengan sel punca mesenkimal asal tali pusat, sel punca CD34+ asal darah tali pusat dan LX2 dalam William’s E yang disuplementasi PRP selama 14 hari. Medium kultur diganti pada 48 jam, hari ke-7 dan hari ke-14 dan tidak dilakukan pergantian medium pada kelompok kontrol. Viabilitas hepatosit dianalisa dengan menggunakan Trypan Blue Exclusion Test pada 48 jam, hari ke-7 dan hari ke-14. Hasil : Viabilitas hepatosit pada organoid hati dengan pergantian medium kultur tampak lebih banyak dibandingkan tanpa pergantian medium kultur khususnya pada monokultur, tetapi tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan (nilai p>0,05). Kesimpulan : Viabilitas hepatosit pada organoid hati dengan pergantian medium kultur tidak berbeda secara signifikan dengan organoid hati tanpa pergantian medium kultur. Pergantian medium kultur pada monokultur mendukung viabilitas hepatosit hingga hari ke-14. Kata Kunci : Hepatosit, organoid hati, viabilitas, medium kultur

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7

Mapelli, Massimo, Paola Zagni, Valeria Calbi, Aliku Twalib, Roberto Ferrara, and Piergiuseppe Agostoni. "A Case of William’s Syndrome in a Ugandan Child: A Feasible Diagnosis Even in a Low-Resource Setting." Children 8, no. 12 (December 16, 2021): 1192. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children8121192.

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Background: Williams–Beuren syndrome (WS) is a rare, complex, congenital developmental disorder including cardiovascular manifestations, intellectual disability and a peculiar cognitive and behavior profile. Supravalvular aortic stenosis (SVAS) is the most frequent cardiovascular abnormality in WS children. Data on WS patients in sub-Saharan Africa are scarce. A genetic study is usually required for a definite diagnosis, but genetic testing is often unavailable in developing countries and the combination of a typical clinical phenotype and echocardiographic profile helps to confirm the diagnosis. Case Report: We report the case of a 5-year-old Ugandan child admitted to a large no profit hospital after he was initially managed as a case of infective endocarditis. A physical examination revealed the typical features of WS. A cardiac echo showed severe SVAS (peak gradient 80 mmHg) with a normal anatomy and function of the aortic valve and mild valvular pulmonary stenosis. The child also had a moderate intellectual disability and a characteristic facies consistent with WS. Conclusion: We present the first reported case of WS in Uganda. Cardiac echo and a characteristic clinical picture could be enough to exclude more common causes of heart failure (i.e., rheumatic heart disease) and to make the diagnosis even when specific genetic tests are not available.

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8

Owens, Sherry, Alfgeir Kristjansson, and Haslyn E. R. Hunte. "A Differential Item Functional Analysis by Age of Perceived Interpersonal Discrimination in a Multi-racial/ethnic Sample of Adults." Ethnicity & Disease 25, no. 4 (November 10, 2015): 479. http://dx.doi.org/10.18865/ed.25.4.479.

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<p> We investigated whether individual items on the nine item William’s Perceived Everyday Discrimination Scale (EDS) functioned differently by age (<45 vs ≥45) within five racial groups in the United States: Asians (<em>n</em>=2,017); Hispanics (n=2,688); Black Caribbeans (<em>n</em>=1,377); African Americans (<em>n</em>=3,434); and Whites (<em>n</em>=854). We used data from the 2001-2003 National Survey of American Lives and the 2001- 2003 National Latino and Asian Studies. Multiple-indicator, multiple-cause models (MIMIC) were used to examine differential item functioning (DIF) on the EDS by age within each racial/ethnic group. Overall, Asian and Hispanic respondents reported less discrimination than Whites; on the other hand, African Americans and Black Caribbeans reported more discrimination than Whites. Regardless of race/ethnicity, the younger respondents (aged <45 years) reported less discrimination than the older respondents (aged ≥45 years). In terms of age by race/ethnicity, the results were mixed for 19 out of 45 tests of DIF (40%). No differences in item function were observed among Black Caribbeans. “Being called names or insulted” and others acting as “if they are afraid” of the respondents were the only two items that did not exhibit differential item functioning by age across all racial/ethnic groups. Overall, our findings suggest that the EDS scale should be used with caution in multi-age multi-racial/ethnic samples. <em>Ethn Dis</em>.2015;25(4):479-486; doi:10.18865/ed.25.4.479</p>

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9

Beuttenmüller, M., C. Nespoulous, A. Radunz, and G. H. Schmid. "Effect of Antisera to RuBP-Carboxylase/Oxygenase of TV. tabacum and Spinacia oleracea on the Oxygenase-Function of the Enzyme." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 45, no. 7-8 (August 1, 1990): 739–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1990-7-802.

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Abstract In the present paper we demonstrate that the conformational state of the Afunctional enzyme ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase is different in the tobacco mulanl Susu when compared to the wild type tobacco or spinach. The conformational state of the tobacco mu- tant enzyme is characterized by the presence of a higher number of antigenic determinants ac- cessible to antibody binding. This seems to be correlated to a higher oxygenase activity in the mutant. The Afunctional enzyme ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase of the wild type tobacco Nicotiana tabacum var. John William’s Broadleaf, of the tobacco mutant Su.su and of spinach (Spinacia oleracea) was characterized by comparative immunological methods. Although the enzyme of the tobacco mutant appears identical to the enzyme of the wild type, when analyzed in immunodiffusion tests and immuno electrophoretical analyses, it exhibits a higher oxygenase activity. On the other hand the spinach enzyme exhibits only par- tial serological identity to the two tobacco enzymes. For the comparative studies pure IgG-fractions were prepared from the respective antisera. RuBP-carboxylasc oxygenase was used as a 70% purified enzyme preparation. Determination of the antibody binding capacity showed that the enzymes bind from the homologous antisera the highest amount of antibodies, which means that the antisera reflect the complementary picture of the enzyme structure. The enzyme molecules of N. tabacum var. JWB and of spinach bind 9 antibody molecules each. I lowevcr, the binding capacity of the tobacco mutant enzyme exhibiting the higher oxygenase activity is 30% higher. Measurement of the oxygenase function under the influence of the homologous as well as of the non-homologous antisera has led to the result that the oxygenase activity of all enzymes is inhibited. However, it is the degree of inhibition which differs. The antiserum to the mutant enzyme causes with the spinach as well as with the JWB-enzyme a higher degree of inhibition than that produced by the homologous antiserum. Therefore, a correlation between inhibitory effect brought about by this antiserum and the amount of antibodies bound does not exist. Whereas the enzyme of the tobacco wild type binds 20% less antibodies out of this antiserum its oxygenase activity is 60% more inhibited and the function of the spinach enzyme is 20% stronger inhibited although binding of antibodies from the antiserum to the tobacco enzyme is 50% lower. These observations permit the conclusion that the antiserum towards the mutant enzyme contains more antibodies with a higher binding affinity towards reactive regions of the oxy- genase function. This in turn means that the structure of this enzyme or its conformation must be different in comparison to the wild type enzyme.

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10

Viespoli, Luigi Mario, Francesco Mutignani, Gabor Gulyas, Heikki Remes, and Filippo Berto. "Local strain energy based fatigue assessment of cruciform welded joints: experimental data analysis and influence of hot-dip galvanization." MATEC Web of Conferences 188 (2018): 02013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201818802013.

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Performing the fatigue assessment of a welded joint using the Notch Stress Intensity Factors [1] presents two major challenges. The first is the necessity of a precise reconstruction of the stress field around the notch tip, thus needing an extremely refined discretization with an evident computational cost. The other, is that the dimensions of the N-SIFs and so their critical values, vary accordingly to the William’s solution [2] depending on the notch-opening angle. Consequence of this is that the mechanical properties necessary for the assessment vary as a function of the geometry treated. The research to overcome this issue has led to the use of the local Strain Energy Density [3]. The power of this parameter, used as a tool to perform fatigue assessment, consists of having a very low mesh refinement sensitivity [4], being the energy computed directly from nodal displacements and stiffness matrix [5], and having constant dimensions, so constant critical value for a given class of materials. In this paper, the local energetic method is applied to the analysis of the results of a series of tests performed on cruciform load carrying and non-load carrying specimens realized by S235 JRG2 structural steel plates. If load carrying, the fillet welded joints are made of S355 J2+N structural steel. The fatigue testing has been performed in atmosphere at room temperature in as welded condition both with and without the corrosion protective zinc layer. Particularly, the interest is focused on the influence of the zinc layer of the fatigue properties of the joint and on the capability of the local energetic approach, confronted with the classic nominal stress approach, to accurately predict the fatigue failure. To conclude, the investigation of the tests executed reveals no significant difference in the fatigue life for the coated samples, compared with the uncoated specimens and the predictions according to the IIW recommendations [6].

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11

Wibiani, Putu Findi Desi, I. Gede Budiasa, and Anak Agung Sagung Shanti Sari Dewi. "Code Switching Analysis on You-Tube Channel #NebengBoy by Boy William." Humanis 25, no. 3 (August 22, 2021): 299. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jh.2021.v25.i03.p06.

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This study is entitled "Code-Switching Analysis on YouTube Channel "#NebengBoy by Boy William”. The aim of the study is to analyze the type and the function of code-switching on the Boy William YouTube Channel. The data is collected from the YouTube Channel of Boy William which is taken from Maudy Ayunda and Sandra Dewi episodes. The method and technique of collecting data is the documentation method, and the analysis is done by the qualitative method. The theory that is used to analyze the types and functions of code-switching is Apple & Muysken's theory (2015). Three types of code-switching are found namely tag switching, intra-sentential switching, and inter-sentential switching, and their six functions, namely referential function, directive function, expressive function, phatic function, metalinguistic function, and poetic function. Nonetheless, the metalinguistic function is not found in the analyzed data.

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12

Hill, H. A. O., and A. J. Thomson. "Robert Joseph Paton Williams MBE. 25 February 1926 — 21 March 2015." Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 62 (January 2016): 541–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.2016.0020.

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Robert J. P. Williams was a pioneer in advancing our understanding of the roles of chemical elements, especially the metals, in biology and in biological evolution. During the first half of his career of more than 60 years at Oxford University he studied the thermodynamic stabilities of transition-metal complexes with organic ligands, their redox properties, magnetism and colour, to understand their biological function. In parallel he collaborated with biologists and biophysicists, for example with Bert Vallee, studying zinc in proteins. Williams was the first to describe how proton gradients could be used to drive the formation of the universal biological fuel, ATP (adenosine triphosphate), a fundamental step in biological energetics. From the late 1960s he studied many proteins that use metal ions for catalysis, for electron transfer and cellular regulation. A leading figure in the establishment of the Oxford Enzyme Group, Williams developed high-field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to study the mobility and dynamics of many protein structures, leading to a deeper understanding of protein function. He held the Royal Society Napier Research Professorship from 1974 until his retirement in 1991. Subsequently he published several books setting out his understanding of the roles of metal ions in biology, and their wider significance in evolution. Bob Williams's deep insights across many disciplines made him a charismatic teacher. His lateral style of thinking never failed to inspire. His legacy lies in the successful careers of his many students and collaborators worldwide and the vigour of the new discipline of bioinorganic chemistry that he helped to establish.

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13

Mubarak, Makbul. "An Epochal Analysis on Colonial Trauma in Independent Documentaries: Jeju Prayer as Study Case." ULTIMART Jurnal Komunikasi Visual 10, no. 2 (March 26, 2018): 66–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.31937/ultimart.v10i2.776.

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This paper departs from Raymond Williams’ notion of ‘epochal analysis,’ an analysis that functions to see a cultural process as a cultural system in the dialectic of the dominant, the residual, and the emergent. It is true that what Williams meant by ‘the dominant’ in his proposition is either the feudal culture and the bourgeois culture and their transition, but he also says that the epochal analysis functions to sense a movement in its connection to the future and the past. Williams wrote (1978, p. 121): “…Its methodology is preserved for the very different function of historical analysis, in which a sense of movement within what is ordinarily abstracted as a system is crucially necessary, especially if it is to connect with the future as well as with the past. Keywords : documentary, trauma, dominant fiction, psychoanalysis

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Carney, Daniel P. J., Janice H. Brown, and Lucy A. Henry. "Executive function in Williams and Down syndromes." Research in Developmental Disabilities 34, no. 1 (January 2013): 46–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2012.07.013.

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15

Hocking, Darren R., Nicole J. Rinehart, Jennifer L. McGinley, and John L. Bradshaw. "Gait function in adults with Williams syndrome." Experimental Brain Research 192, no. 4 (October 8, 2008): 695–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00221-008-1586-3.

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16

Barozzi, Stefania, Daniela Soi, Chiara Gagliardi, Angelo Selicorni, Maria Francesca Bedeschi, Stella Forti, Federica Di Berardino, Antonio Cesarani, and Daniele Brambilla. "Balance function in patients with Williams syndrome." Gait & Posture 38, no. 2 (June 2013): 221–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2012.11.012.

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17

Li, M., M. Lei, C. Shi, P. H. Wen, and M. H. Aliabadi. "On the Validation of Williams' Stress Function for Dynamic Fracture Mechanics." Key Engineering Materials 665 (September 2015): 257–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.665.257.

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The Finite Block Method (FBM) for computing the Stress Intensity Factors (SIFs) and the T-stress under transient dynamic load is presented. In order to capture the stress intensity factor and the T-stress, the Williams' series of stress function is introduced in the circular core for statics generally. In the Laplace domain, the Deng's series of stress and displacement is too complicated to be used easily like Williams' series. However, the numerical solutions show that Williams' solution of series is still valid with smaller core size. Comparisons have been made with the solutions given by the finite element method (ABAQUS).

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18

Kawasaki, Yohji, Hiroshi Watanabe, and Takashi Uneyama. "A Note for Kohlrausch-Williams-Watts Relaxation Function." Nihon Reoroji Gakkaishi 39, no. 3 (2011): 127–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1678/rheology.39.127.

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19

Higinbotham, Harlow N. "The Economic Function of Futures Markets. Jeffery Williams." Journal of Political Economy 95, no. 5 (October 1987): 1119–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/261507.

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20

Wan, Emily S., Barbara R. Pober, George R. Washko, Benjamin A. Raby, and Edwin K. Silverman. "Pulmonary function and emphysema in Williams-Beuren syndrome." American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A 152A, no. 3 (March 2010): 653–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.a.33300.

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21

Kusovac, Olivera, and Jelena Pralas. "Repetition as Trapped Emotion in Tennessee Williams’s the Glass Menagerie." Studia Anglica Posnaniensia 51, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 29–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/stap-2016-0018.

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AbstractRepetition as a linguistic and stylistic device extensively used in Tennessee Williams’s plays has been noticed by many. At the same time, more psychologically-inclined scholars have frequently drawn parallels between Williams’s plays and his own experiences and emotional conflicts. In an attempt to combine the two perspectives, this article will explore the function of repetitions as indicators of trapped emotions in Williams’s celebrated and award-winning play The Glass Menagerie. Starting from the stylistic theoretical background, but at the same time taking into account the psychological insights into the link between Williams’s life and work through some basic concepts of Freud and Lacan, an attempt will be made to demonstrate that in this play linguistic repetition appears as an obsessive expression of the characters’ emotions as well as those of the dramatist himself, making him repeat and relive both his experiences and his emotions. The authors will first introduce the concept and functions of repetition as a linguistic and stylistic device and then explore its representative instances in individual characters and their meanings, ending with the parallels which can be drawn between the characters’ and the dramatist’s own experiences and emotions expressed or intensified through repetitions.

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Menghini, D., F. Addona, F. Costanzo, and S. Vicari. "Executive functions in individuals with Williams syndrome." Journal of Intellectual Disability Research 54, no. 5 (April 14, 2010): 418–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2788.2010.01287.x.

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23

Dai, Yao, Lei Zhang, and Xiao Chong. "The Higher Order Crack-Tip Field for FGMs Shells with Reissner's Effect." Applied Mechanics and Materials 427-429 (September 2013): 129–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.427-429.129.

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The theory for plates and shells with Reissners effect is adopted to analyze the crack problem for FGMs cylindrical and spherical shells. The higher order crack-tip fields for power function FGMs shells obtained by asymptotic expansion method are used, the eigen-solutions of the crack tip fields for arbitrary material functions of FGMs cylindrical and spherical shells which are similar to Williams solution are given by superposition principle.

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XIA, ERNEST X. W., and OLIVIA X. M. YAO. "ON THE REPRESENTATIONS OF INTEGERS BY CERTAIN QUADRATIC FORMS." International Journal of Number Theory 09, no. 01 (November 13, 2012): 189–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793042112501333.

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In this paper, using the (p, k)-parametrization of theta functions given by Alaca, Alaca and Williams, we establish some theta function identities. Explicit formulas are obtained for the number of representations of a positive integer n by the quadratic forms [Formula: see text] with a ≠ 0, a + b + c = 4 and [Formula: see text] with k + l = 2 and r + s + t = 2 by employing these identities.

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Hielscher, R., H. Schaeben, and D. Chateigner. "On the entropy to texture index relationship in quantitative texture analysis." Journal of Applied Crystallography 40, no. 2 (March 12, 2007): 371–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889806055476.

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This communication demonstrates a sharp inequality between the L^{2}-norm and the entropy of probability density functions. This inequality is applied to texture analysis, and the relationship between the entropy and the texture index of an orientation density function is characterized. More precisely, the orientation space is shown to allow for texture index and entropy variations of orientation probability density functions between an upper and a lower bound for the entropy. In this way, it is proved that there is no functional relationship between entropy and texture index of an orientation probability density function as conjectured previously on the basis of practical numerical texture analyses using the widely used pole-to-orientation probability density function reconstruction softwareWIMV, known by the initials of its authors and their ancestors (Williams–Imhof–Matthies–Vinel). Synthetic orientation probability density functions were then synthesized, covering a large domain of variation for texture index and entropy, and used to check the numerical results of the same software package.

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YAO, OLIVIA X. M., and ERNEST X. W. XIA. "THE NUMBER OF REPRESENTATIONS OF AN INTEGER AS A SUM INVOLVING GENERALIZED PENTAGONAL NUMBERS." International Journal of Number Theory 08, no. 04 (May 16, 2012): 1041–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793042112500613.

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In this paper, using the (p, k)-parametrization of theta functions given by Alaca, Alaca and Williams, we establish some theta function identities. From these identities, we obtain some formulas for the number of representations of a natural number as a sum of quadratic polynomials involving generalized pentagonal numbers. In particular, we derive a formula for the number of representations of a natural number as a sum of twelve generalized pentagonal numbers.

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Xia, Ernest X. W., Y. H. Ma, and L. X. Tian. "On the number of representations of integers by sums of mixed numbers." International Journal of Number Theory 12, no. 04 (April 10, 2016): 945–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793042116500585.

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In this paper, several explicit formulas for the number of representations of a positive integer by sums of mixed numbers are determined by employing theta function identities and the [Formula: see text]-parametrization of theta functions due to Alaca, Alaca and Williams. It is interesting that the formulas proved in this paper are linear combinations of [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text].

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28

Valstyn, E. P., and C. R. Bond. "Williams-Comstock model with finite-length transition functions." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 35, no. 2 (March 1999): 1070–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/20.748855.

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29

Dumitru, Adrian, and Vladimir Skokov. "The Weizsäcker-Williams distribution of linearly polarized gluons (and its fluctuations) at small x." EPJ Web of Conferences 172 (2018): 03009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201817203009.

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The conventional and linearly polarized Weizsäcker-Williams gluon distributions at small x are defined from the two-point function of the gluon field in light-cone gauge. They appear in the cross section for dijet production in deep inelastic scattering at high energy. We determine these functions in the small-x limit from solutions of the JIMWLK evolution equations and show that they exhibit approximate geometric scaling. Also, we discuss the functional distributions of these WW gluon distributions over the JIMWLK ensemble at rapidity Y ~ 1/αs. These are determined by a 2d Liouville action for the logarithm of the covariant gauge function g2tr A+(q)A+(-q). For transverse momenta on the order of the saturation scale we observe large variations across configurations (evolution trajectories) of the linearly polarized distribution up to several times its average, and even to negative values.

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30

Stagi, Stefano, Giuseppe Bindi, Anna Silvia Neri, Elisabetta Lapi, Stefania Losi, Rita Jenuso, Roberto Salti, and Francesco Chiarelli. "Thyroid function and morphology in patients affected by Williams syndrome." Clinical Endocrinology 63, no. 4 (October 2005): 456–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2265.2005.02365.x.

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31

Weiss, George H., John T. Bendler, and Menachem Dishon. "Analysis of dielectric loss data using the Williams–Watts function." Journal of Chemical Physics 83, no. 3 (August 1985): 1424–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.449410.

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32

Suantoko, Suantoko. "FUNGSI SASTRA LISAN “TANDUK” MASYARAKAT GENAHARJO KABUPATEN TUBAN BAGI MASYARAKAT PENDUKUNGNYA." Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra 16, no. 2 (December 19, 2016): 246. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/bs_jpbsp.v16i2.4486.

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Abstract This study aims to investigate the function of “tanduk” oral literature for its society. In this case, the people in question are society Genaharjo of Tuban district. Through the use of the theory of functions Alan Dundes and William R. Bascom, it is understood that the “tanduk” has a function of oral literature that focuses as the teaching and interdependence among societies that emphasize the benefits of practicality. “Tanduk” oral literature function is the function of propaganda, the function of social solidarity and an antidote to individualism, and the function of education in the socialization of values. The overall function of shaping identity in order to establish harmony in social life.Keywords: function, Genaharjo society, tanduk oral literature

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33

Worsøe-Schmidt, Lisbeth. "Nye aktører på det danske bogmarked - Litteratursociologiens udfordringer." Nordisk Tidsskrift for Informationsvidenskab og Kulturformidling 7, no. 1 (May 1, 2018): 2–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/ntik.v7i1.105407.

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Traditionelly, since Robert Escarpit (1958), sociology of literature has analysed the book world as a book communications circuit. Typically, these models function as flow charts showing the transformation of a manuscript to a book within a print culture. The question is, however, if this approach is still suitable for analysing and understanding current changes within the book world. The aim of this article is to step behind the institutional flow charts by examining two distinct phenomena emerged as result of digitization and liberalisation of the Danish book market, NewPub and Mofibo, by means of Johan Svedjedal’s analysis of functions in combination with core concepts in Raymond Williams’ cultural theory. In addition, the concepts of mediation and mediatization are discussed. The main conclusions are that the circuit model reproduces the dominant culture and its omissions, especially communication, while analysis of functions coupled with Williams' concepts is well suited for analysing changes within the book world and, in addition, qualifies the difference between mediation and mediatization. Mofibo may be seen as a new institution within the dominant culture, while NewPub rather is an alternative, emergent formation.

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CAO, JIANBING. "DUNKL–WILLIAMS INEQUALITIES FOR INTEGRABLE FUNCTIONS IN BANACH SPACE." Bulletin of the Australian Mathematical Society 87, no. 2 (December 12, 2012): 298–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0004972712000883.

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35

ROYER, EMMANUEL. "EVALUATING CONVOLUTION SUMS OF THE DIVISOR FUNCTION BY QUASIMODULAR FORMS." International Journal of Number Theory 03, no. 02 (June 2007): 231–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793042107000924.

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We provide a systematic method to compute arithmetic sums including some previously computed by Alaca, Besge, Cheng, Glaisher, Huard, Lahiri, Lemire, Melfi, Ou, Ramanujan, Spearman and Williams. Our method is based on quasimodular forms. This extension of modular forms has been constructed by Kaneko and Zagier.

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36

Ayala, Alejandro, Jamal Jalilian-Marian, Larry McLerran, and Raju Venugopalan. "Quantum corrections to the Weizsäcker-Williams gluon distribution function at smallx." Physical Review D 53, no. 1 (January 1, 1996): 458–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.53.458.

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37

Hsu, Ching-fen, and Annette Karmiloff-Smith. "LANGUAGE AND WILLIAMS SYNDROME." Annual Review of Applied Linguistics 28 (March 2008): 191–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0267190508080070.

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Most aspects of human life—from gene expression, to brain structure/function, to underlying linguistic and cognitive processes, through to overt language production and comprehension behaviors—are the result of dynamic developmental processes, in which timing plays a crucial role. So, the study of language acquisition in developmental disorders such as Williams syndrome (WS) needs to change from the still widely held view that developmental disorders can be accounted for in terms of spared versus impaired modules to one that takes serious account of the fact that the infant cortex passes from an initial state of high regional interconnectivity to a subsequent state of progressively increasing specialization and localization of functional brain networks. With such early interconnectivity in mind, developmental neuroscientists must explore the possibility that a small perturbation in low-level processes in one part of the brain very early in development can result in serious deficits in higher-level processes in another part of the brain later in development. Therefore, in profiling developmental disorders of language such as in WS, it is vital to start in early infancy, from which to trace the full trajectory of the interactions of language and other cognitive processes across infancy, toddlerhood, and childhood, through to adolescence and adulthood.

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38

Arndt, Matthew. "Form—Function—Content." Music Theory Spectrum 40, no. 2 (2018): 208–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mts/mty024.

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Abstract Arnold Schoenberg’s concept of formal function, as formulated by Erwin Ratz, has become a staple of music theory since it was reimagined and systematized by William E. Caplin. However, this concept has been criticized for not speaking to the content of a piece of music, its particularity and meaning. By defining formal components, parts, and functions in line with the conceptual metaphors that underlie musical form, one may establish the inseparability of form and content. The definitions proposed here apply to art music from the eighteenth to the early twentieth centuries, the latter demonstrated through an analysis of Schoenberg’s Op. 11, No. 1.

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39

Kravchenko, V. F., O. V. Lazorenko, V. I. Pustovoĭt, and L. F. Chernogor. "Choi-Williams transform and atomic functions in digital signal processing." Doklady Physics 52, no. 4 (April 2007): 207–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s102833580704009x.

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40

Osório, Ana, Raquel Cruz, Adriana Sampaio, Elena Garayzábal, Rocío Martínez-Regueiro, Óscar F. Gonçalves, Ángel Carracedo, and Montse Fernández-Prieto. "How executive functions are related to intelligence in Williams syndrome." Research in Developmental Disabilities 33, no. 4 (July 2012): 1169–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2012.02.003.

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41

Valstyn, E. P., and C. R. Bond. "Correction to "Williams-Comstock model with finite-length transition functions"." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 35, no. 4 (July 1999): 2197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmag.1999.774194.

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42

Levitin, Daniel J., and Ursula Bellugi. "Musical Abilities in Individuals with Williams Syndrome." Music Perception 15, no. 4 (1998): 357–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40300863.

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We report evidence for relatively preserved musical rhythm processing in individuals with Williams syndrome, supporting the theory that musical ability constitutes an independent intelligence. Williams syndrome occurs in 1 out of 20,000 births and is associated with a defect in elastin production, impaired cognitive function, and poor spatial, quantitative, and reasoning abilities, coupled with excellent face processing and relatively strong language abilities in adolescents and adults. Previously, informal qualitative observations have revealed an unusual degree of musicality and engagement with musical stimuli in many individuals with Williams syndrome. In the present study, rhythm production was assessed for eight subjects with Williams syndrome and eight subjects in a comparison group by using an echo clapping task. Despite serious deficits in other cognitive domains and generally poor coordination, the subjects with Williams syndrome achieved accuracy scores equivalent to those of subjects in the comparison group and demonstrated equivalent abilities in meter change and beat maintenance. Most interestingly, when the subjects with Williams syndrome made errors in rhythm production, their errors were far more likely than comparison subjects' errors to form rhythmically compatible musical elaborations to the test items; that is, responses of subjects with Williams syndrome, when incorrect, tended to be creative extensions of the reference rhythm.

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43

Martens, Marilee A., Sarah J. Wilson, Jian Chen, Amanda G. Wood, and David C. Reutens. "Handedness and corpus callosal morphology in Williams syndrome." Development and Psychopathology 25, no. 1 (February 2013): 253–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579412001009.

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AbstractWilliams syndrome is a neurodevelopmental genetic disorder caused by a hemizygous deletion on chromosome 7q11.23, resulting in atypical brain structure and function, including abnormal morphology of the corpus callosum. An influence of handedness on the size of the corpus callosum has been observed in studies of typical individuals, but handedness has not been taken into account in studies of callosal morphology in Williams syndrome. We hypothesized that callosal area is smaller and the size of the splenium and isthmus is reduced in individuals with Williams syndrome compared to healthy controls, and examined age, sex, and handedness effects on corpus callosal area. Structural magnetic resonance imaging scans were obtained on 25 individuals with Williams syndrome (18 right-handed, 7 left-handed) and 25 matched controls. We found that callosal thickness was significantly reduced in the splenium of Williams syndrome individuals compared to controls. We also found novel evidence that the callosal area was smaller in left-handed participants with Williams syndrome than their right-handed counterparts, with opposite findings observed in the control group. This novel finding may be associated with LIM-kinase hemizygosity, a characteristic of Williams syndrome. The findings may have significant clinical implications in future explorations of the Williams syndrome cognitive phenotype.

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SCHRAM, ZS, A. SCHÄFER, K. SAILER, and W. GREINER. "DISTRIBUTION OF GLUONS IN A FLUX-TUBE." Modern Physics Letters A 06, no. 40 (December 28, 1991): 3683–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732391004267.

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The gluon structure function of a flux-tube is estimated using the Weizsäcker-Williams method. It is shown that such string-like gluon fields might give an important contribution to the total gluon structure function of a highly excited hadron.

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45

Dai, Yao, Xiao Chong, and Shi Min Li. "The Higher Order Crack Tip Fields for Anti-Plane Crack in Functionally Graded Piezoelectric Materials." Applied Mechanics and Materials 472 (January 2014): 617–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.472.617.

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The anti-plane crack problem is studied in functionally graded piezoelectric materials (FGPMs). The material properties of the FGPMs are assumed to be the exponential function of y. The crack is electrically impermeable and loaded by anti-plane shear tractions and in-plane electric displacements. Similar to the Williams solution of homogeneous material, the high order asymptotic fields are obtained by the method of asymptotic expansion. This investigation possesses fundamental significance as Williams solution.

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46

BANERJEE, SOUVIK, SAYAN K. CHAKRABARTI, SUDIPTA MUKHERJI, and BINATA PANDA. "BLACK HOLE PHASE TRANSITIONS VIA BRAGG–WILLIAMS." International Journal of Modern Physics A 26, no. 20 (August 10, 2011): 3469–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x11053845.

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We argue that a convenient way to analyze instabilities of black holes in AdS space is via Bragg–Williams construction of a free energy function. Starting with a pedagogical review of this construction in condensed matter systems and also its implementation to Hawking–Page transition, we study instabilities associated with hairy black holes and also with the R-charged black holes. For the hairy black holes, an analysis of thermal quench is presented.

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Atkinson, Jannette, John King, Oliver Braddick, Louise Nokes, Shirley Anker, and Fleur Braddick. "A specific deficit of dorsal stream function in Williamsʼ syndrome." NeuroReport 8, no. 8 (May 1997): 1919–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001756-199705260-00025.

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48

Vicari, Stefano. "Implicit versus explicit memory function in children with Down and Williams syndrome." Down Syndrome Research and Practice 7, no. 1 (2001): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3104/reports.112.

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49

Hocking, Darren R., Jennifer L. McGinley, Simon A. Moss, John L. Bradshaw, and Nicole J. Rinehart. "Effects of external and internal cues on gait function in Williams syndrome." Journal of the Neurological Sciences 291, no. 1-2 (April 2010): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jns.2009.12.026.

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50

Zhao, Zheng-Yan, Jie Shao, Chun-hong Xie, Yan-xia Wang, Yu-feng Qin, Kim Cornish, and Annette Karmiloff-Smith. "VISUAL SEARCH ATTENTION AND EXECUTIVE FUNCTION IN CHINESE CHILDREN WITH WILLIAMS SYNDROME." Pediatrics 121, Supplement 2 (January 2008): S148.1—S148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2007-2022eeeeee.

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