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Published: 30 May 2022

Last updated: 31 May 2022

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1

Tremmel, William C., Charles S. Milligan, and Charles S. Milligan. The functional philosophy of William H. Bernhardt. Edited by Brush Francis W, Potthoff Harvey H, Templin J. Alton, Conner David E, Kirk James A, Samuel Allah R, and Carothers J. Edward. Tampa, Fla: Tumbleweed Press, 1989.

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2

Gianelli, William R. An interview with William R. Gianelli. [Washington, D.C.?]: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Office of the Chief of Engineers, 1985.

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3

Gutting, Gabriele. Yoknapatawpha: The function of geographical and historical facts in William Faulkner's fictional picture of the Deep South. Frankfurt am Main: P. Lang, 1992.

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4

1945-, Nagel Alexander, and Stout Edgar Lee 1938-, eds. The Madison Symposium on Complex Analysis: Proceedings of the Symposium on Complex Analysis held June 2-7, 1991 at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, with support from the National Science Foundation and the William F. Villas Trust Estate. Providence, R.I: American Mathematical Society, 1992.

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5

C, Oliveira Mauricio, Putinar Mihai 1955-, and SpringerLink (Online service), eds. Mathematical Methods in Systems, Optimization, and Control: Festschrift in Honor of J. William Helton. Basel: Springer Basel, 2012.

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6

Shakespeare and the new disease: The dramatic function of syphilis in Troilus and Cressida, Measure for measure, and Timon of Athens. New York: P. Lang, 1989.

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7

Bewernick, Hanne. The storyteller's memory palace: A method of interpretation based on the function of memory systems in literature : Geoffrey Chaucer, William Langland, Salman Rushdie, Angela Carter, Thomas Pynchon and Paul Auster. Frankfurt am Main: New York, 2010.

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8

Topology and geometry in dimension three: Triangulations, invariants, and geometric structures : conference in honor of William Jaco's 70th birthday, June 4-6, 2010, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK. Providence, R.I: American Mathematical Society, 2011.

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9

Yust, Jason. Formal Structure. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190696481.003.0004.

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William Caplin’s concept of formal functions points the way to a more flexible theory of form based on processes and structuring principles rather than fixed schemata. This chapter further generalizes the theory of formal functions to a set of form-structural criteria based on repetition, fragmentation, caesura, and contrast. The chapter also constructs such a theory of form without necessary reference to tonal criteria, thus serving the larger project of understanding form as an independent musical dimension, capable of disjunction with, or non-trivial coordination with, tonal structure. A definition of secondary theme as a specialization of subordinate theme function is also proposed.

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10

Rivers, Isabel. Reading. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198269960.003.0004.

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Many different aspects of reading are explored in this chapter: advice about how to read, reading lists, and recommendations; borrowing books from ministerial or society or private libraries, or from book clubs, or buying books; collections of books which functioned as virtual libraries, and accounts of libraries real or imagined; reading in the home, or place of work, or religious meeting or society, whether solitary or communal, by ministerial, lay, male, and female readers. Advisers include Isaac Watts, John Wesley, William Law, John Mason, Thomas Gibbons, Edward Williams, James Hervey, David Simpson, and William Wilberforce. Examples of parochial, Methodist, Quaker, and private libraries are described, as are collections such as Wesley’s Christian Library. Self-educated readers include James Lackington and Thomas Jackson. Accounts of reading by Anglican evangelicals, Methodists, Quakers, Baptists, and recipients of tracts are derived from journals, autobiographies, letters, and reports.

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11

Shakespeare's Roman Plays: The Function of Imagery in the Drama. Harvard University Press, 2013.

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12

Jellenik, Glenn. On the Origins of Adaptation, as Such. Edited by Thomas Leitch. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199331000.013.2.

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Adaptation scholars frequently gesture toward a vague history of adaptation, pointing out that the repurposing of stories stretches back to the beginnings of storytelling. This essay offers a more specific history, arguing that adaptation rose as a simple abstraction in the late eighteenth century. It identifies George Colman’s Iron Chest, which adapts William Godwin’s Caleb Williams, as the first adaptation, as such. Colman’s play achieves this distinction not through adaptive innovation, but rather through the critical reaction to the play—specifically an essay by John Litchfield that functions as the first piece of fidelity criticism. Thus, the cultural concept of adaptation is a critical construction that rose with the fidelity urge. Unpacking this alternate history of both adaptation and the Romantic period reveals adaptation as a vital cultural reaction that catalyzed and shaped Romanticism’s critical shifting and redefining of notions of originality, which literary scholars subsequently used to marginalize adaptation.

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13

Series, Michigan Historical Reprint. Elementary functions and applications, by Arthur Sullivan Gale and Charles William Watkeys. Scholarly Publishing Office, University of Michigan Library, 2005.

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14

Shinn, Terry. The Silicon Tide: Relations between Things Epistemic and Things of Function in the Semiconductor World. Edited by Jed Z. Buchwald and Robert Fox. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199696253.013.29.

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This article explores the changing interactions between fundamental physics and the learning and skills situated near engineering and enterprise as related to microelectronics and in particular to semiconductors that occurred over the span of the twentieth century. The discussion draws on selected episodes in the silicon tide with reference to an understanding of semiconducting to the invention of transistors and their development. The focus is on theories, experiments, models, invention, materials, products, manufacturing markets, and management from Guglielmo Marconi’s introduction of Hertzian communication to the 1947 invention of the transistor by John Bardeen, William Shockley, and Walter Brattain, the development of the microprocessor in 1970, and the launch in 2011 of the nanoscale Finfet transistor family by the Intel company.

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15

Michele, Marrapodi, ed. Shakespeare's Italy: Functions of Italian locations in Renaissance drama. Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press, 1997.

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16

(Editor), Michele Marrapodi, A. J. Oenselaars (Editor), Marcello Cappuzzo (Editor), and L. Falzon Santucci (Editor), eds. Shakespeare's Italy: Functions of Italian Locations in Renaissance Drama. Manchester University Press, 1997.

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17

Michele, Marrapodi, ed. Shakespeare's Italy: Functions of Italian locations in Renaissance drama. Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press, 1993.

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18

Shakespeare's Italy: Functions of Italian Locations in Renaissance Drama. Manchester Univ Pr, 1993.

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19

Nobre, Anna C. (Kia), and Sabine Kastner. Attention. Edited by Anna C. (Kia) Nobre and Sabine Kastner. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199675111.013.040.

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‘Attention’ is a core and fundamental aspect of cognition. Accordingly it engages a sizeable and thriving research community. The field has precious theoretical and empirical seeds left by the pioneering investigators of mental functions in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries such as Franciscus Donders (1818–89), Hermann von Helmholtz (1821–94), Wilhelm Wundt (1832–1920), and William James (1842–1910). It re-emerges in full strength in the 1950s with the cognitive revolution and Broadbent’s publication of Perception and Communication (1958). Since then, we have made tremendous progress in understanding the functional consequences of attention, its behavioural and neural mechanisms, its neural systems and dynamics, and its implications for neurological and psychiatric disorders. We are also making headway in understanding its interactions with other cognitive domains, and its applications to healthy cognition in the ‘real world’ more generally.

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20

Weimann, Robert. Shakespeare and the Popular Tradition in the Theater: Studies in the Social Dimension of Dramatic Form and Function. The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1987.

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21

Greco, John. Knowledge of God. Edited by William J. Abraham and Frederick D. Aquino. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199662241.013.16.

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Contemporary epistemology has taken an ‘externalist turn’ in its thinking about knowledge and related issues, and contemporary religious epistemology has followed suit in this respect. This is how we should understand Alvin Plantinga’s proper function view of religious knowledge, and William Alston’s view that we can have perceptual knowledge of God. Contemporary epistemology has more recently taken a ‘social turn’, and religious epistemology and the epistemology of theology might fruitfully follow this trend as well. For example, religious epistemology can benefit from recent work on epistemic authority and on the epistemology of testimony.

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22

Kirchin, Simon. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198803430.003.0001.

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This chapter introduces the distinction between thin and thick concepts and then performs a number of functions. First, two major accounts of thick concepts—separationism and nonseparationism—are introduced and, in doing so, a novel account of evaluation is indicated. Second, each chapter is outlined as is the general methodology, followed, third, by a brief history of the discussion of thick concepts, referencing Philippa Foot, Hilary Putnam, Gilbert Ryle, and Bernard Williams among others. Fourth, a number of relevant contrasts are introduced, such as the fact–value distinction and the difference between concepts, properties, and terms. Lastly, some interesting and relevant questions are raised that, unfortunately, have to be left aside.

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23

Dym, Harry, Mihai Putinar, and Mauricio C. Oliveira. Mathematical Methods in Systems, Optimization, and Control: Festschrift in Honor of J. William Helton. Springer, 2012.

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24

Newton-John, Toby. Multidisciplinary cognitive behavioural treatment for chronic pain. Edited by Paul Farquhar-Smith, Pierre Beaulieu, and Sian Jagger. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198834359.003.0075.

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The landmark paper discussed in this chapter is ‘Evaluation of a cognitive behavioural programme for rehabilitating patients with chronic pain’, published by Williams et al. in 1993. This article represents the first extensive evaluation of multidisciplinary cognitive behavioural therapy (commonly abbreviated as CBT) for chronic pain conducted in the UK. Back in 1993, evidence was accumulating in the US which supported group-based pain management programmes, but it was not clear whether those results would translate to the different pain populations found in Britain. The study used multiple domains of assessment, including psychometric measures, measures of physical function, and pain medication reduction. As the first of its kind in the UK, this remains an important study, not just for its originality, but for the rigour with which outcomes were evaluated and the novel process and outcome assessments employed.

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25

Boudreau, J. Donald, Eric Cassell, and Abraham Fuks. Physicianship and the Rebirth of Medical Education. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199370818.001.0001.

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This book reimagines medical education and reconstructs its design. It originates from a reappraisal of the goals of medicine and the nature of the relationship between doctor and patient. The educational blueprint outlined is called the “Physicianship Curriculum” and rests on two linchpins. First is a new definition of sickness: Patients know themselves to be ill when they cannot pursue their purposes and goals in life because of impairments in functioning. This perspective represents a bulwark against medical attention shifting from patients to diseases. The curriculum teaches about patients as functional persons, from their anatomy to their social selves, starting in the first days of the educational program and continuing throughout. Their teaching also rests on the rock-solid grounding of medicine in the sciences and scientific understandings of disease and function. The illness definition and knowledge base together create a foundation for authentic patient-centeredness. Second, the training of physicians depends on and culminates in development of a unique professional identity. This is grounded in the historical evolution of the profession, reaching back to Hippocrates. It leads to reformulation of the educational process as clinical apprenticeships and moral mentorships. “Rebirth” in the title suggests that critical ingredients of medical education have previously been articulated. The book argues that the apprenticeship model, as experienced, enriched, taught, and exemplified by William Osler, constitutes a time-honored foundation. Osler’s “natural method of teaching the subject of medicine” is a precursor to the Physicianship Curriculum.

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26

Brubaker, Susan Howell. Workbook for Reasoning Skills: Exercises for Functional Reasoning And Reading Comprehenson (William Beaumont Hospital Series in Speech & Language Pathology). 2nd ed. Wayne State University Press, 2005.

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27

Chang, Hasok. Thermal Physics and Thermodynamics. Edited by Jed Z. Buchwald and Robert Fox. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199696253.013.17.

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This article discusses some of the significant themes in the development of thermal physics up to the establishment of classical thermodynamics. It begins with a review of the scientific study of heat, focusing on developments in the areas of thermometry and calorimetry. It then considers work on specific and latent heats, including those of Joseph Black, William Irvine, and Adair Crawford, as well as the interesting questions raised by the concepts of specific and latent heat in their interrelationship. It also examines the physics of caloric and gases, with particular emphasis on the debate over adiabatic heating and cooling; the motion of heat and its transfer between bodies; debates on the nature of heat; and heat as a state function. The article concludes with an overview of the emergence of classical thermodynamics.

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28

Coward, John M. Illustrating Indian Lives. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252040269.003.0003.

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This chapter looks at the work of William de la Montagne Cary and other artists who drew pictures of Indians living their lives—pictures of peaceful Indians that often drew less attention than more action-oriented pictures of war and conflict. It studies illustrations of activities such as dancing and hunting, as well as burial rites, male–female relations, and Indians engaged in work and play—topics often overlooked in studies of Indian illustrations. Artists made these pictures to fulfill a specific journalistic function: to show white Americans what Indians looked like and how they lived their lives. Thus, the focus for many Indian pictures was on significant and visible differences between whites and Indians—ceremonies, customs, social practices, and other “Indian” activities—all of which made clear that Indians were different from civilized Americans.

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29

Aminoff, Michael J. Sir Charles Bell. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190614966.001.0001.

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Charles Bell (1774–1842) was a Scottish anatomist–surgeon whose original ideas on the nervous system have been equated with those of William Harvey on the circulation. He suggested that the anterior and posterior nerve roots have different functions, and based on their connectivity he showed that different parts of the brain have different functions. He noted that individual peripheral nerves actually contain nerve fibers with different functions, that nerves conduct only in one direction, that sense organs are specialized to receive only one form of sensory stimulus, and that there is a sixth (muscle) sense. In addition to the facial palsy and its associated features named after him, he provided the first clinical descriptions of several neurological disorders and important insights into referred pain and reciprocal inhibition. Bell helped to change the way art students are taught, described the anatomical basis of facial expressions, initiated the scientific study of the physical expression of emotions, and stimulated the later work of Charles Darwin on facial expressions. His teachings influenced British and European art. Bell was a renowned medical teacher who founded his own medical school, subsequently took over the famous Hunterian school, and eventually helped establish the University of London and the Middlesex Hospital Medical School in London. However, his belief in intelligent design caused him to be left behind by the evolutionist thought that developed in the nineteenth century. He was a brilliant but flawed human being who contributed much to the advance of knowledge.

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30

de Regt, Henk W. Models and Mechanisms. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190652913.003.0006.

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This chapter analyzes the role of mechanical modeling in nineteenth-century physics, showing how precisely mechanical models were used to enhance scientific understanding. It discusses the work and ideas of William Thomson (Lord Kelvin), James Clerk Maxwell, and Ludwig Boltzmann, who advanced explicit views on the function and status of mechanical models, in particular, on their role in providing understanding. A case study of the construction of molecular models to explain the so-called specific heat anomaly highlights the role of conceptual tools in achieving understanding and shows that intelligibility is an epistemically relevant feature of mechanical models. Next, the chapter examines Boltzmann’s Bildtheorie, an interpretation of mechanical models that he developed in response to problems and criticisms of the program of mechanical explanation, and his associated pragmatic conception of understanding. The final section discusses the limitations of mechanical models and Ernst Mach’s criticism of the mechanical program.

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31

Elliott, Daphne, and William Elliott. How Life Works. CSIRO Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9781486300488.

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Complete with colour illustrations and written in a conversational style, biochemist William Elliott unravels the mystery of life while revealing its majesty. How do chemical reactions occur? How do genes hold information? Why do our bodies age? What happens when someone gets cancer? How Life Works provides the inside word for those who are curious about the workings of the microscopic world inside us. Biochemistry not only explains what DNA is and how it forms the blueprint for who you are, it also explains how the food you eat is broken down, supplying the energy to run a marathon. It shows the intricate structures of proteins and describes their amazing functions. With millions of interactions and reactions all taking place in accord, biochemistry is the science of how life works.

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32

Kloos, John. Constructionism and Its Critics. Edited by John Corrigan. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195170214.003.0027.

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Since the 1970s, social scientists increasingly have cast human emotions in the arenas of culturally or linguistically constructed expression. A wide spectrum of theoretical terminology has been employed, including “constructionism” and “constructivist.” This essay reviews constructionist theories that bear on the study of religion and emotion. It analyzes constructionist theories as both determinist and relativist. It focuses on the recent historical ethnographic work of an important anthropologist of emotion, William M. Reddy. It also examines how religious emotions get constructed and what forms serve to give them expression. Generally, religious ritual is a form that can function in such a way so that the emotional lows of loss and grief are made less low. Conversely, ritual can heighten the feelings of joy and happiness at times of celebration. The construction of ritual form reflects specific religious traditions, yet cultures also share more broadly emotional forms for handling death, birth, marriage, and personal formation.

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33

Bewernick, Hanne. Storyteller's Memory Palace: A Method of Interpretation Based on the Function of Memory Systems in Literature- Geoffrey Chaucer, William Langland, Salman Rushdie, Angela Carter, Thomas Pynchon and Paul Auster. Lang GmbH, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften, Peter, 2010.

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34

Andrews, William L. Slavery and Class in the American South. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190908386.001.0001.

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In this study of an entire generation of slave narrators, more than sixty mid-nineteenth-century narratives reveal how work, family, skills, and connections made for social and economic differences among the enslaved of the South. Slavery and Class in the American South explains why social and economic distinctions developed and how they functioned among the enslaved. Andrews also reveals how class awareness shaped the views and values of some of the most celebrated African Americans of the nineteenth century. Slave narrators discerned class-based reasons for violence between “impudent,” “gentleman,” and “lady” slaves and their resentful “mean masters.” Status and class played key roles in the lives and liberation of the most celebrated fugitives from US slavery, such as Frederick Douglass, Harriet Jacobs, William Wells Brown, and William and Ellen Craft. By examining the lives of the most- and least-acclaimed heroes and heroines of the African American slave narrative, Andrews shows how the dividing edge of social class cut two ways, sometimes separating upper and lower strata of slaves to their enslavers’ advantage, but at other times fueling convictions among even the most privileged of the enslaved that they deserved nothing less than complete freedom.

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35

Yust, Jason. Hypermeter. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190696481.003.0007.

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Hypermeter has different meanings for different theorists, and the concept, properly rhythmic, has been often co-opted to represent tonal structure. In this chapter a set of criteria for hypermetrical analysis in the form of high-level rhythmic structure is defined that involves regularity as an essential element but does not require strict regularity. The network representation of rhythmic structure is compared to William Rothstein’s measure-counting representation, and attendant concepts like deletion and extension are translated into networks. Important hypermetrical effects such as deletion, elision, and hypermetrical transition are discussed with regard to their typical formal roles in Haydn’s symphonies, and illustrated with examples from several of these. Haydn typically places hypermetrical transitions at the beginnings of subordinate themes even in the absence of medial caesuras. These therefore help to distinguish transition and subordinate theme functions even in instances of what Hepokoski and Darcy call “continuous expositions.”

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36

O'Donnell, Ian. Blurring the Separation of Powers. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198798477.003.0007.

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There is a tripartite separation of powers in Ireland and no organ of state may interfere with the functions exclusively ascribed to another. The legislature sets the parameters of punishment through the enactment of laws. The judiciary imposes punishment. The executive becomes involved in exercising clemency. The boundaries may seem clear but they are porous. When capital punishment was under consideration judges, legislators, governors general, and even the president, attempted to influence the executive in ways that ranged from the dubiously acceptable to the constitutionally impermissible. There was no evidence of the executive or legislative branches attempting to influence the judiciary; when judicial advice was sought it was with circumspection, patience, and deference. The cases of some condemned men—Patrick Boylan, Patrick Heffernan, William Wall, and Tomás MacCurtain—are reviewed in this chapter, and the actions of judges, politicians, and bishops on their behalf are analysed.

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37

Mills, Caitlin, Arianne Herrera-Bennett, Myrthe Faber, and Kalina Christoff. Why the Mind Wanders. Edited by Kalina Christoff and Kieran C. R. Fox. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190464745.013.42.

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This chapter offers a functional account of why the mind—when free from the demands of a task or the constraints of heightened emotions—tends to wander from one topic to another, in a ceaseless and seemingly random fashion. We propose the default variability hypothesis, which builds on William James’s phenomenological account of thought as a form of mental locomotion, as well as on recent advances in cognitive neuroscience and computational modeling. Specifically, the default variability hypothesis proposes that the default mode of mental content production yields the frequent arising of new mental states that have heightened variability of content over time. This heightened variability in the default mode of mental content production may be an adaptive mechanism that (1) enhances episodic memory efficiency through de-correlating individual episodic memories from one another via temporally spaced reactivations, and (2) facilitates semantic knowledge optimization by providing optimal conditions for interleaved learning.

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38

Kerr, Matthew P. M. The Victorian Novel and the Problems of Marine Language. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192843999.001.0001.

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To write about the sea in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries was to do so against a vast accretion of past deeds, patterns of thought, and particularly modes of expression, many of which had begun to feel not just settled but exhausted. All at Sea takes up this circumstance, showing how prose writers in this period grappled with the super-conventionalized nature of the sea as a setting, as a shaper of plot and character, as a structuring motif, and as a source of metaphor. But while writing about the sea required careful negotiation of multiple and sometimes conflicting associations, the sea’s multiplicity and freight function not just as impediments to thought or expression but as sources of intellectual and expressive possibilities. The book examines a provocatively diverse group of key authors spanning from the 1830s to the 1930s. The discussion treats both writers inextricably associated with the sea (Frederick Marryat, Joseph Conrad) and those whose works are less obviously marine, such as Charlotte Brontë, Charles Dickens, George Eliot, William Makepeace Thackeray, and Virginia Woolf. What these writers share, among other things, is that they simultaneously register and turn to account the difficulties that attend writing about, and writing with, the sea. In the process, their sea-writing sheds new light on the value of marginalized representational techniques including repetition, cliché, and imprecision.

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39

Keeling, Kara K., and Scott T. Pollard. Table Lands. University Press of Mississippi, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.14325/mississippi/9781496828347.001.0001.

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Table Lands: Food in Children's Literature surveys food’s function in children’s texts, showing how the socio-cultural contexts of food reveal children’s agency through examining texts that vary from historical to contemporary, non-canonical to classics, the Anglo-American to multicultural traditions, including a variety of genres, formats, and audiences: realism, fantasy, cookbooks, picture books, chapter books, YA novels, and film. The first chapter tracks children’s cookbooks over 150 years to show how adults’ expectations change based on shifting ideologies of child capability. Subsequent chapters survey canonical authors. Social work theory, British rural and urban cultures, and poverty inform the analysis of the foodways that underlie Beatrix Potter’s animal tales. Investigating Jewish immigration and foodways, food manufacturing, and roadside/programmatic architecture reveals Maurice Sendak’s In the Night Kitchen as an immigrant Jewish and natively American work. A.A. Milne’s Winnie-the-Pooh books work as a künstlerroman; Mary Douglas’s semiotic analysis and the history of honey and bees show Pooh as a poet who celebrates food. Laura Ingalls Wilder’s Little House books contrast with Louise Erdrich’s Birchbark series: differing foodways showcase competing cultural and environmental values. The final chapters examine intersections of geography, history, and food in contemporary texts. Francesca Lia Block’s Dangerous Angels reflects Los Angeles culture. Disney•Pixar’s Ratatouille showcases French haute cuisine in its story of otherness. In One Crazy Summer and its sequels, Rita Williams-Garcia tracks the movement of African American internal diasporas, through southern foodways, soul food, and the Black Panthers’ breakfast program. Refugee Studies demonstrate how food is a primary signifier of the difficulties posed by forced migration in Thanhha Lai’s Inside Out & Back Again.

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40

Bross, Kristina. “Would India had beene never knowne”. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190665135.003.0006.

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This chapter analyzes two representations of women based on the print record of a 1623 incident in which English traders were tortured and killed by their Dutch rivals on the island of Amboyna in the East Indies. William Sanderson imagined the reaction of one “Amboyna widow” in a pair of publications in the 1650s, and John Dryden created characters for his 1673 play Amboyna based on reports published years earlier. If we consider these works as early modern examples of historical fiction we can see that the writers construct the role of colonial women in the seventeenth-century English imagination as a symbol of the righteousness of English imperial actions and colonizing claims. Taken together, the “wives’ tales” of this chapter suggest that the reach of the East India Companies—both English and Dutch—and of their governments into people’s lives was powerful. Yet the stories of these women suggested by their traces in the archives indicate the limits of that power and the limits of the archival function to control the stories of marginalized people. Dryden’s play in particular points readers back to the archives and suggests what they tell us (or fail to tell us) about the subjects of the English global fantasies inscribed in the literature and other print records of the seventeenth century. The coda pieces together contextual and archival material to speculate on the experiences of a woman, held as a slave by the Dutch, who was intimately connected to the Amboyna incident.

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41

Voparil, Chris. Reconstructing Pragmatism. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197605721.001.0001.

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The figure of Richard Rorty stands in complex relation to the tradition of American pragmatism. On the one hand, his intellectual creativity, lively prose, and bridge-building fueled the contemporary resurgence of pragmatism. On the other, his polemical claims and selective interpretations function as a negative, fixed pole against which thinkers of all stripes define themselves. Virtually all pragmatists on the contemporary scene, whether classical or “new,” Deweyan, Jamesian, or Peircean, use Rorty as a foil to justify their positions. The resulting divisions and internecine quarrels threaten to thwart and fragment the tradition’s creative potential. More caricatured than understood, the specter of Rorty is blocking the road of inquiry and future development of pragmatism. Reconstructing Pragmatism moves beyond the Rortyan impasse by providing what has been missing for decades: a constructive, nonpolemical account of Rorty’s relation to classical pragmatism. The first book-length treatment of Rorty’s intellectual debt to the early pragmatists, it establishes his selective appropriations not as misunderstandings or distortions but as a sustained, intentional effort to reconstruct their thinking. Featuring chapters devoted to five key pragmatist thinkers—Charles Sanders Peirce, William James, John Dewey, Josiah Royce, and Jane Addams—the book draws on archival sources and the full scope of Rorty’s writings to challenge prevailing misconceptions and caricatures. By illuminating the critical resources, still largely untapped, that Rorty offers for articulating classical pragmatism’s ongoing relevance, the book reveals limitations in received images of the classical pragmatists and opens up new modes of understanding pragmatism and why it matters today.

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Tyler, Amanda L. Habeas Corpus: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780190918989.001.0001.

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For nearly eight hundred years, the writ of habeas corpus has limited the executive in the Anglo-American legal tradition from imprisoning persons with impunity. Writing in the eighteenth century, William Blackstone declared the writ a “bulwark” of personal liberty. Across the Atlantic, in the lead up to the American Revolution, the Continental Congress declared that the habeas privilege and the right to jury trial were among the most important rights in a free society. This Very Short Introduction chronicles the storied writ of habeas corpus and how it spread from England throughout the British Empire and beyond, witnessing its use today all around the world. Beginning with the English origins of the writ, the book traces its historical development as a part of the common law and as grounded in the English Habeas Corpus Act of 1679, a statute that dramatically limited the executive's power to detain and that Blackstone called no less than a “second Magna Carta.” The book then takes the story forward to explore how the writ has functioned in the centuries since, including its controversial suspension by President Abraham Lincoln during the Civil War. It also explores the role of habeas corpus during World War II and the War on Terror. The story told in these pages reveals the immense challenges that the habeas privilege faces today and suggests that in confronting them, we would do well to remember how the habeas privilege brought even the king of England to his knees before the law.

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