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1
LAVIDES, MARGARITA N., NICHOLAS V. C. POLUNIN, SELINA M. STEAD, DON GEOFF TABARANZA, MIA THERESA COMEROS, and JESUS RAY DONGALLO. "Finfish disappearances around Bohol, Philippines inferred from traditional ecological knowledge." Environmental Conservation 36, no. 3 (September 2009): 235–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892909990385.
Abstract:
SUMMARYLittle is known about local extinctions of finfish species in the most biodiverse marine ecosystem in the most marine biodiverse and anthropogenically threatened region on Earth. This paper examines coral reef associated finfish species that disappeared in the catches around the island of Bohol over the period 1950 to 2007, based on the only available data, namely traditional ecological knowledge. Generalized least squares (GLS) tests showed steep declines to zero among species formerly recorded in catches. Finfish species recommended as priority for further monitoring based on life history and disappearances in fish catch are giant grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatus) and African pompano (Alectis ciliaris). Twenty out of the 21 species that disappeared from catches were moderate to very large-bodied, six were slow-growing fish and four were late-maturing fish. Species of large body size and subject to high fishing pressure may be particularly vulnerable. Traditional ecological knowledge when applied to population dynamics studies can add value to development of new monitoring methods. This knowledge can moreover inform the prioritization of species for fisheries assessment and conservation action.
2
Acebes, Jo Marie Vera, Joshua Neal Silberg, Timothy John Gardner, Edna Rex Sabater, Angelico Jose Cavada Tiongson, Patricia Dumandan, Diana Maria Margarita Verdote, Christine Louise Emata, Jean Utzurrum, and Arnel Andrew Yaptinchay. "First confirmed sightings of Blue Whales Balaenoptera musculus Linnaeus, 1758 (Mammalia: Cetartiodactyla: Balaenopteridae) in the Philippines since the 19th century." Journal of Threatened Taxa 13, no. 3 (March 26, 2021): 17875–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.6483.13.3.17875-17888.
Abstract:
For over two centuries there were no records of Blue Whales Balaenoptera musculus in the Philippines. Whalers recorded Blue Whales in the Philippines in the 19th century, and the next confirmed sighting in the country was of a mother and calf in 2004. Since then 33 subsequent Blue Whale sightings of potentially one individual were recorded between 2004 and 2019, all within the central region of the Philippines around the Bohol Sea. This individual, recognized through photo-identification, was sighted on at least 13 occasions during eight different years: 2010, 2011, 2012, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, and 2019. The geographic location and timing of the sightings (January to July) suggest that Blue Whales in the Philippines may extend the outer range edge of the Indo-Australian population that migrate between western Australia, Indonesia, and East Timor. Blue Whale sightings in the Bohol Sea coincide with times of high ocean productivity, although further investigation is needed to determine if they are actually feeding in this region. Acoustic studies and photo-identification matching with other Blue Whale catalogues will clarify the stock identity of Blue Whales in the Philippines and their relation to the rest of the Blue Whale population, with implications for the conservation of this endangered species across multiple jurisdictions.
3
Balatibat, Juancho B. "Wildlife diversity studies and conservation efforts in the Philippines." Forest Science and Technology 4, no. 1 (June 2008): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21580103.2008.9656331.
4
Lambert, Frank R. "Some key sites and significant records of birds in the Philippines and Sabah." Bird Conservation International 3, no. 4 (December 1993): 281–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270900002562.
Abstract:
SummaryBetween June 1989 and October 1990 casual records of rare birds were made in Sabah and on Sipadan Island, Malaysia, and on Luzon, Negros, Bohol and Mindanao, Philippines, with additional observations on Palawan and Tawitawi, Philippines, in August and September 1991. Key sites for bird conservation profiled here are the Angat watershed, Quezon National Park and Candaba Marsh (all on Luzon), Mt Canlaon (Negros), Rajah Sukituna National Park (Bohol), Mt Katanglad (Mindanao), remaining forest on both Tawitawi and Sipadan, and the Danum Valley in Sabah. Notes are provided on 31 species of bird, 17 already considered threatened, three near-threatened. While one threatened species (Nicobar Pigeon Caloenas nicobarica) should be downlisted, at least six species (Spotted Imperial-pigeon Ducula carola, Blue-winged Racquet-tail Prioniturus verticalis, Blue-naped Parrot Tanygnathus lucionensis, McGregor's Cuckoo-shrike Coracina mcgregori, Falcated Wren-babbler Ptilocichla falcata and Palawan Flycatcher Ficedula platenae) should be elevated to threatened status. Records for other species supplement and reinforce current assessments of threat or indicate new distributional or taxonomic information on non-threatened forms.
5
Reyes Jr, Tomas D., Jeralyn D. Abadingo, Shiela G. Tabuno, Eunice K. L. Serino, Joecel B. Mabanag, and Rizaldy C. Merdacal. "Floristic Inventory of The Proposed Site for Tarsier Tourism Center in Villa Aurora, Bilar, Bohol, Philippines." Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan 9, no. 2 (March 23, 2016): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jik.10188.
Abstract:
The study assessed the present vegetation composition of the Proposed Site for the Tarsier Tourism Center (PTTC) at Villa Aurora, Bilar, Bohol and performed a comparative analysis with the existing Tarsier Sanctuary (TS) at Canapnapan, Corella, Bohol. The basis for comparison was the computed importance values, species richness, species dominance, and percent distribution of plants according to self-defined DBH classes. Results showed that both sites had very high species richness and evenness values. Common overstorey and understorey plant species found in both areas were katagpo (Psychotria sp.), sagimsim (Syzygium brevistylum [C. B. Rob]Merr.) and bagauak (Clerodendrum minahassae Teijsm. & Binn.). Apart from sagimsim (Syzygium brevistylum [C.B.Rob.] Merr.), selaginella (Selaginella cuppresina Lin.), and lunas (Lunasia amara Blanco) were also common in the ground vegetation of both areas. Percent distribution of trees according to self-defined DBH classes revealed that PTTC had 87.55% of the total recorded plants with DBH measurements of <10 cm. Our data was found lower by almost 10% from TS. Considerable percentages of trees were also shared in other DBH classes for PTTC. DBH class range of 10-20 cm had 6.88%, while 5.58% was computed for DBH class of >20 cm. Percent distribution of trees on these DBH ranges (especially on DBH class >20 cm) indicated the presence of medium and large trees. The largest DBH measured in the PTTC was 70 cm while in TS was only 22 cm. The proposed 10-ha site in Villa Aurora, Bilar, is suited to be utilized as Tarsier Tourism Center. In case the proposed project is to be pursued, enclosure similar to what has been constructed in Canapnapan, Corella, Bohol, Philippines should also be established to prevent stray animals from predating the captive tarsiers.Keywords: floristic inventory, Philippine tarsier, Bohol, primate conservation, tourism. Inventarisasi flora dari Situs Usulan untuk Sentra Wisata Tarsier di Villa Aurora, Bilar, Bohol, FilipinaAbstractPenelitian ini ditujukan untuk melakukan penilaian komposisi vegetasi dari Usulan Lokasi Pusat Wisata Tarsius (ULPWT) di Villa Aurora, Bilar, Bohol dan melakukan analisis perbandingan antara Tarsier Sanctuary (TS) yang ada di Canapnapan, Corella, Bohol. Dasar perbandingan yang digunakan yaitu dengan menghitung nilai penting, kekayaan spesies, dominansi spesies, dan prosentase distribusi dari tumbuhan berdasarkan kelas diameter yang telah ditentukan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kedua tempat memiliki kekayaan spesies dan nilai evenness/ kemerataan yang sangat tinggi. Spesies tumbuhan yang umum ditemukan di overstorey dan understorey di kedua area adalah katagpo (Psychotria sp.), sagimsim (Syzygium brevistylum [C. B. Rob]Merr.), dan bagauak (Clerodendrum minahassae Teijsm. & Binn.). Selain itu, sagimsim (Syzygium brevistylum [C.B.Rob.] Merr.), selaginella (Selaginella cuppresina Lin.), dan lunas (Lunasia amara Blanco) juga umum ditemukan di lantai hutan di kedua tempat. Prosentase distribusi dari tumbuhan berdasarkan kelas diameter yang telah ditentukan menunjukkan bahwa ULPWT memiliki 87.55% dari keseluruhan tumbuhan yang tercatat dengan ukuran diameter <10 cm. Data kami menunjukkan bahwa nilai tersebut lebih rendah 10% dari TS. Sebagian persentase dari pohon juga dimiliki di ULPWT pada kelas diameter lainnya. Kelas diameter 10-20 cm memiliki 6,88%, sementara 5,58% terhitung untuk kelas diameter >20 cm. Prosentase distribusi dari pohon pada kisaran ini (khususnya pada diameter >20 cm) menunjukkan adanya kehadiran pohon berukuran medium dan besar. Diameter terbesar yang terukur di ULPWT adalah 70 cm sementara di TS hanya sebesar 22 cm. Lokasi seluas 10 ha di Villa Aurora, Bilar, sesuai untuk digunakan sebagai Pusat Wisata Tarsius. Apabila akan didirikan, maka kandang yang dibangun diharapkan mirip dengan yang telah dibangun di Canapnapan, Corella, Bohol, Pilipina, agar mencegah pemangsaan oleh satwa yang lepas.
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Ziegler, Jackie A., Gonzalo Araujo, Jessica Labaja, Sally Snow, Alessandro Ponzo, Rick Rollins, and Philip Dearden. "Exploring the Wildlife Value Orientations of Locals Working in Community-Based Marine Wildlife Tourism in the Philippines." Tourism in Marine Environments 16, no. 1 (March 16, 2021): 31–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3727/154427321x16101028725332.
Abstract:
Wildlife tourism can act as an incentive for the conservation of marine species and habitats. One of the most important outcomes can be a change in the views of participants towards target species and their habitats that may promote more conservation-oriented actions. While a handful of studies have documented the wildlife value orientations (WVOs) of tourists participating in marine wildlife tourism, no studies have explored the WVOs of locals working in tourism. However, it is equally important to understand the WVOs of locals working in community-based tourism, and whether these are linked with changes in locals' attitudes and behaviors towards marine wildlife and the ocean. This article assesses the WVOs of locals working in community-based whale shark tourism at four sites in the Philippines, and explores the relationship between WVOs and conservation attitudes and behaviors using a mixed methods approach with a total of 114 structured interviews. Three WVO groups were identified (mixed utilitarian–protectionist, moderate protectionist, and high protectionist), suggesting a WVO continuum. Those respondents with more protectionist views reported more conservation outcomes, including changes in attitudes and behaviors to protect whale sharks. Further, respondents who worked in tourism had more protectionist views than those from a failed tourism site, indicating that tourism can change communities by helping locals value their marine resources and incentivizing protection of those resources.
7
Pajaro, Marivic G., Jessica J. Meeuwig, Brian G. Giles, and Amanda C. J. Vincent. "Biology, fishery and trade of sea moths (Pisces: Pegasidae) in the central Philippines." Oryx 38, no. 4 (October 2004): 432–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003060530400081x.
Abstract:
Sea moths (family Pegasidae) are little-studied benthic fish, found throughout the Indo-Pacific. Two species of sea moths, Pegasus volitans and Eurypegasus draconis, are caught incidentally in illegal trawl gear in the Philippines and sold into the dried fish trade. Approximately 130,000–620,000 P. volitans and 130,000 E. draconis were landed off north-western Bohol alone in 1996. An additional 43,000–62,000 sea moths (predominantly P. volitans) were caught live for the aquarium trade. Catch per unit effort for P. volitans was double that of E. draconis, probably because of its occurrence in shallower waters where fishing effort was concentrated. Sea moths may be unsuited for heavy exploitation as they occur at low densities. Moreover, a female-biased catch could lower the effective population size, given the reported monogamy amongst sea moths. No population data were available for a complete conservation assessment, although divers surveyed did report declines in their abundance.
8
Bessey, Cindy, Simon N. Jarman, Michael Stat, Christoph A. Rohner, Michael Bunce, Adam Koziol, Matthew Power, et al. "DNA metabarcoding assays reveal a diverse prey assemblage for Mobula rays in the Bohol Sea, Philippines." Ecology and Evolution 9, no. 5 (January 30, 2019): 2459–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4858.
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Rambahiniarison, Joshua Maniriniaina, Gonzalo Araujo, Mary Jane Lamoste, Jessica Labaja, Sally Snow, and Alessandro Ponzo. "First records of the reef manta ray Manta alfredi in the Bohol Sea, Philippines, and its implication for conservation." Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity 9, no. 4 (December 2016): 489–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.japb.2016.07.002.
10
Guerrero, Jonathan, Krizler Tanalgo, and Carlo Abante. "Role of Academic Institution to Inform Local and Regional Scale Biodiversity in the Eastern Philippines." Journal of Tropical Life Science 11, no. 2 (May 31, 2021): 241–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.11594/jtls.11.02.14.
Abstract:
The Philippines is among the most threatened biodiversity hotspots. Developing effective conservation requires science-based evidence from field data and observations. Yet, many important biodiversity information remain unpublished, particularly from academic institutions and NGOs. Here, we synthesized 34-year data from biodiversity studies from Bicol University in Luzon Island, Philippines. We found a large number of studies that increased in the post-2000 period with the majority of the studies focused on community surveys and animal and wildlife studies. While there is a massive number of studies, we found clear disproportionate distribution in terms of geographic and thematic areas. Our results may be based on a regional level, but if taken carefully, it has important implications and applications to other higher education institutions in the Philippines in promoting biodiversity studies and conservation in the country.
11
Tanalgo, Krizler Cejuela. "Wildlife hunting by indigenous people in a Philippine protected area: a perspective from Mt. Apo National Park, Mindanao Island." Journal of Threatened Taxa 9, no. 6 (June 26, 2017): 10307. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.2967.9.6.10307-10313.
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Indigenous people play a major role in the conservation of wildlife species in protected areas. This paper provides an insight on the involvement of indigenous people in protecting and hunting of wildlife species in Mt. Apo National Park, Mindanao Island, Philippines. Here, I assessed indigenous knowledge and practices towards wildlife hunting from three villages from Mt. Apo through immersions, interviews, and focus group discussion between May 2014 and January 2015. The majority of wildlife hunters I encountered were male and married between the ages of 35–60 years old. Commonly hunted wildlife species from the national park included large wildlife species such as the endemic and threatened Philippine Warty Pig Sus philippensis, Philippine Brown Deer Rusa marianna, Common Palm Civet Paradoxurus hermaphroditus, Reticulated Python Malayopython reticulatus, Common Monitor Lizard Varanus salvator and other large birds such as Rufous Hornbills Buceros hydrocorax, large dove species (i.e., Dacula spp.). In the past, wildlife hunting was most commonly done for sustenance and culture. But, poverty and the lack of alternative livelihoods have become a recent motivation to hunt wildlife. This current findings in this study suggest that wildlife are essential for indigenous people in protected areas, however, hunting practices should be monitored and provide alternative livelihood options to reduce threats. This study introduced the vital links between local communities and wildlife in protected areas. Thus, engaging and empowering indigenous people and local communities in wildlife protection combined with appropriate conservation planning are the first steps forward in attaining sustainable and effective local conservation in protected areas.
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Bogdan, Vlastimil, Tomáš Jůnek, and Pavla Jůnková Vymyslická. "Temporal overlaps of feral cats with prey and competitors in primary and human-altered habitats on Bohol Island, Philippines." PeerJ 4 (August 18, 2016): e2288. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2288.
Abstract:
The vertebrate fauna of the Philippines, known for its diversity and high proportion of endemic species, comprises mainly small- to medium-sized forms with a few large exceptions. As with other tropical ecosystems, the major threats to wildlife are habitat loss, hunting and invasive species, of which the feral cat (Felis catus) is considered the most damaging. Our camera-trapping study focused on a terrestrial vertebrate species inventory on Bohol Island and tempo-spatial co-occurrences of feral cats with their prey and competitors. The survey took place in the Rajah Sikatuna Protected Landscape, and we examined the primary rainforest, its border with agricultural land, and rural areas in the vicinity of villages. Altogether, over 2,885 trap days we captured 30 species of vertebrates–10 mammals (includingSus philippensis), 19 birds and one reptile,Varanus cumingi. We trapped 81.8% of expected vertebrates. Based on the number of events, the most frequent native species was the barred rail (Gallirallus torquatus). The highest overlap in diel activity between cats and potential prey was recorded with rodents in rural areas (Δ = 0.62); the lowest was in the same habitat with ground-dwelling birds (Δ = 0.40). Cat activity was not recorded inside the rainforest; in other habitats their diel activity pattern differed. The cats’ activity declined in daylight in the proximity of humans, while it peaked at the transition zone between rainforest and fields. Both rodents and ground-dwelling birds exhibited a shift in activity levels between sites where cats were present or absent. Rodents tend to become active by day in cat-free habitats. No cats’ temporal response to co-occurrences of civets (Paradoxurus hermaphroditusandViverra tangalunga) was found but cats in diel activity avoided domestic dogs (Canis lupus familiaris). Our first insight into the ecology of this invasive predator in the Philippines revealed an avoidance of homogeneous primary rainforest and a tendency to forage close to human settlements in heterogeneous habitats. A detailed further investigation of the composition of the cat’s diet, as well as ranging pattern, is still needed.
13
Savina, Gail C., and Alan T. White. "A Tale of Two Islands: Some Lessons for Marine Resource Management." Environmental Conservation 13, no. 2 (1986): 107–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900036699.
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A comparison of two island fishing communities in the Visayas, Philippines, shows significant differences in coral-reef habitat and in diversity of selected reef-fishes, as well as important differences in fishing customs and catch composition. During the sampling months of April–May 1985, fishermen on the 72-ha Apo Island, Negros, caught more than two-thirds of their total fish-catch on the reef, whereas fishermen on the 200-ha Pamilacan Island, Bohol, caught less than 20% of their total catch on the reef during the same period. This discrepancy may be attributable to reef quality or fishing customs, or to both these factors.
14
Řeháková, Milada. "Successful breeding attempt of a pair of Philippine tarsier ( Tarsius syrichta ) in a conservation center in Bilar, Bohol, Philippines and recommendations for tarsier husbandry." Zoo Biology 38, no. 6 (July 10, 2019): 516–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zoo.21501.
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Tanalgo, Krizler C., Tuanjit Sritongchuay, and Alice C. Hughes. "Seasonal Activity of Fruit Bats in a Monoculture Rubber and Oil Palm Plantation in the Southern Philippines." Conservation 1, no. 3 (September 20, 2021): 258–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/conservation1030020.
Abstract:
The increasing expansion of monoculture plantations poses a major threat to Asian tropical biodiversity. Yet, in many countries such as the Philippines, the ability of species to persist within plantations has never been explored. We studied the seasonal activity and response of fruit bats in two types of monocultural plantations (rubber and oil palm) in the Southern Philippines from 2016–17 for 12 months. Our mist-netting and monitoring data showed that both plantations can support cosmopolitan species of fruit bats (Cynopterus brachyotis, Eonycteris spelaea, Macroglossus minimus, Ptenochirus jagori, and Rousettus amplexicaudatus), yet a significant variation in the abundance and guild distribution between plantations was observed. Rubber hosted a higher bat abundance than oil palm, which may be influenced by better habitat structure of the matrix (e.g., presence of orchard and fruit plantations) and practices occurring in the rubber plantation. We find that, among seasonal climatic variables, temperature showed significant negative effects on fruit bat abundance. Our results suggest that although monoculture plantations host low diversity (i.e., richness and endemism) they still support generalists which are still ecologically important species. Furthermore, wildlife-friendly commercial plantation practices could both enhance economic growth and biodiversity conservation in the Philippines. Our data both provide the potential for long-term monitoring in the Philippines and highlight the need for more comprehensive monitoring of other bat functional groups and their ability to transverse plantations to provide a more in-depth understanding of the roles and impacts of plantations and other land-use changes.
16
Marler, Paris N. "Camera trapping the Palawan Pangolin Manis culionensis (Mammalia: Pholidota: Manidae) in the wild." Journal of Threatened Taxa 8, no. 12 (October 26, 2016): 9443. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.2867.8.12.9443-9448.
Abstract:
The Palawan Pangolin Manis culionensis is restricted to the Palawan faunal region in the Philippines. The species’ distribution and natural history are poorly known due, in part, to it only recently being recognized as a distinct species. Pangolin species around the world are threatened due to habitat loss and the illegal wildlife trade. Understanding the conservation requirements of the Palawan Pangolin will inform efforts to avert its extinction. Presently, information on the status, distribution, and natural history of pangolins is largely derived from interviews with local people, radio-telemetry, transect surveys for pangolin sign, and camera trapping. Here we test the ability of fish oil- and pig blood-baited camera traps to document the presence of Palawan Pangolin. We obtained three photos at two localities in Palawan in mangrove, lowland forest, and riverine forest.
17
GRACIA JR., ARTURO GASCON, LAURENCE PINGOL ALBIOS, and ROMART LLOYD BALBUENA ALVERO. "Faunistic Study on Butterflies in the Lowland Forests of Central Surigao del Sur, Philippines." Borneo Journal of Resource Science and Technology 11, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 84–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.33736/bjrst.2548.2021.
Abstract:
The province of Surigao del Sur is among the areas in the Philippines with limited wildlife studies, especially on lepidopteran fauna. Thus, this study was conducted to evaluate the butterfly congregation and diversity in Gamut and Mat-e, areas which are underexplored for lepidopteran surveys. It also aimed to assess the conservation and ecological status of the species. Sweep netting for a total of 196 person-hours was carried out to document the species. The results revealed a total of 29 species belonging to four families. Among the families, Nymphalidae was the most represented, comprising 48% of the total richness. The species Gandaca harina mindanaensis and Junonia hedonia ida were the most dominant in both sites representing 12% (each) of the total population. Species richness and diversity (H’) were relatively higher in Mat-e (n=22; H’=1.22) than in Gamut (n=15; H’=1.00). The total endemicity was 31%, but higher endemism was observed in Mat-e (36%) compared with Gamut (20%). The noteworthy findings are the listing of the nationally and globally assessed as rare species (Acrophtalmia leto ochine and Jamides celeno), but were locally assessed as common in Mat-e. One recorded butterfly (Atrophaneura semperi aphtonia) was assessed to be a threatened species. Based on the results, the two habitats showed a poor representation of butterfly assemblage, however, these results are highly affected by the limitations of the observation. Thus, it is recommended that an intensive study on butterflies in the area should be considered.
18
MEDINA, Milton Norman Dejadena, Analyn A. CABRAS, Reagan Joseph T. VILLANUEVA, and Ruel COLONG. "Odonata Recorded in the Buffer Zone of Mt. Hamiguitan Range Wildlife Sanctuary with Remarks on the Distribution of Endangered Risiocnemis antoniae in Davao Oriental Philippines." Notulae Scientia Biologicae 10, no. 1 (March 27, 2018): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nsb10110253.
Abstract:
Mt. Hamiguitan Range Wildlife Sanctuary is both a UNESCO and ASEAN recognised heritage site. There is a current move to expand the site by expanding the buffer zone. This area unfortunately is poorly studied in terms of its biodiversity. This paper explores the odonata species found in the proposed buffer zone. Transect line along fluvial ecosystem was established in the two bordering municipalities. A total of 32 species from 22 genera and nine families were recorded in which eighteen species (18) belong to the suborder Zygoptera while 14 species are Anisoptera. High level of endemism was recorded for Zygoptera (94.44%) endemism while low endemism for Anisoptera (21.43%). Distribution of Risiocnemis antoniea (Gassmann and Hämäläinen, 2002), an IUCN endangered damselfly was recorded in the creeks of Barangay Tandang Sora, Governor Generoso at relatively lower elevation between 100-300 meters above sea level. Due to its habitat’s close proximity to human habitation and the encroaching anthropogenic disturbances, it should be declared as Local Conservation Area.
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Pada, A. V., J. Silapan, M. A. Cabanlit, F. Campomanes, and J. J. Garcia. "MANGROVE FOREST COVER EXTRACTION OF THE COASTAL AREAS OF NEGROS OCCIDENTAL, WESTERN VISAYAS, PHILIPPINES USING LIDAR DATA." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B1 (June 2, 2016): 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xli-b1-73-2016.
Abstract:
Mangroves have a lot of economic and ecological advantages which include coastal protection, habitat for wildlife, fisheries and forestry products. Determination of the extent of mangrove patches in the coastal areas of the Philippines is therefore important especially in resource conservation, protection and management. This starts with a well-defined and accurate map. LiDARwas used in the mangrove extraction in the different coastal areas of Negros Occidental in Western Visayas, Philippines. Total coastal study area is 1,082.55 km² for the 14 municipalities/ cities processed. Derivatives that were used in the extraction include, DSM, DTM, Hillshade, Intensity, Number of Returns and PCA. The RGB bands of the Orthographic photographs taken at the same time with the LiDAR data were also used as one of the layers during the processing. NDVI, GRVI and Hillshade using Canny Edge Layer were derived as well to produce an enhanced segmentation. Training and Validation points were collected through field validation and visual inspection using Stratified Random Sampling. The points were then used to feed the Support Vector Machine (SVM) based on tall structures. Only four classes were used, namely, Built-up, Mangroves, Other Trees and Sugarcane. Buffering and contextual editing were incorporated to reclassify the extracted mangroves. Overall accuracy assessment is at 98.73% (KIA of 98.24%) while overall accuracy assessment for Mangroves only is at 98.00%. Using this workflow, mangroves can already be extracted in a large-scale level with acceptable overall accuracy assessments.
20
Pada, A. V., J. Silapan, M. A. Cabanlit, F. Campomanes, and J. J. Garcia. "MANGROVE FOREST COVER EXTRACTION OF THE COASTAL AREAS OF NEGROS OCCIDENTAL, WESTERN VISAYAS, PHILIPPINES USING LIDAR DATA." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B1 (June 2, 2016): 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xli-b1-73-2016.
Abstract:
Mangroves have a lot of economic and ecological advantages which include coastal protection, habitat for wildlife, fisheries and forestry products. Determination of the extent of mangrove patches in the coastal areas of the Philippines is therefore important especially in resource conservation, protection and management. This starts with a well-defined and accurate map. LiDARwas used in the mangrove extraction in the different coastal areas of Negros Occidental in Western Visayas, Philippines. Total coastal study area is 1,082.55 km² for the 14 municipalities/ cities processed. Derivatives that were used in the extraction include, DSM, DTM, Hillshade, Intensity, Number of Returns and PCA. The RGB bands of the Orthographic photographs taken at the same time with the LiDAR data were also used as one of the layers during the processing. NDVI, GRVI and Hillshade using Canny Edge Layer were derived as well to produce an enhanced segmentation. Training and Validation points were collected through field validation and visual inspection using Stratified Random Sampling. The points were then used to feed the Support Vector Machine (SVM) based on tall structures. Only four classes were used, namely, Built-up, Mangroves, Other Trees and Sugarcane. Buffering and contextual editing were incorporated to reclassify the extracted mangroves. Overall accuracy assessment is at 98.73% (KIA of 98.24%) while overall accuracy assessment for Mangroves only is at 98.00%. Using this workflow, mangroves can already be extracted in a large-scale level with acceptable overall accuracy assessments.
21
Riley, Jon. "Population sizes and the conservation status of endemic and restricted-range bird species on Karakelang, Talaud Islands, Indonesia." Bird Conservation International 13, no. 1 (March 2003): 59–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270903003058.
Abstract:
Karakelang, largest of the Talaud Islands, Indonesia, was visited in 1999 with the aim of producing population estimates of globally threatened and Restricted-range bird species. Density estimates were calculated from primary forest and secondary habitats using the variable circular plot method. Eight of the nine restricted-range or threatened species resident on Karakelang were recorded and density estimates calculated for five of these. Two species of rail are endemic to Karakelang, Talaud Bush-hen Amaurornis magnirostris and Talaud Rail Gymnocrex talaudensis. The bush-hen was encountered in secondary habitat but occurred at higher densities in primary forest and the estimated population was 2,350–9,560 birds. The less vocal, cryptic G. talaudensis was noted just twice, in primary forest close to rivers. Both have small populations, are threatened by habitat degradation, hunting, and possibly predation by introduced rats and should be classified as threatened. Population densities of the Endangered, endemic Red-and-blue Lory Eos histrio had remained stable since the last survey in 1997. They occurred at higher densities in primary forest, but were also common in human-made habitats. The estimated population was 8,230–21,400 birds, threatened by habitat loss and trapping for the wild bird trade. Although more commonly encountered in forest, the Near Threatened Blue-naped Parrot Tanygnathus lucionensis was found at higher densities in secondary habitats, and the population was estimated at 8,130–20,700 birds. The Restricted-range Blue-tailed Imperial Pigeon D. concinna was very common on Karakelang (14,500–27,700 birds), whilst the Vulnerable Grey Imperial Pigeon D. pickeringii was recorded rarely; both species were more frequently recorded in primary forest. The endemic Talaud Kingfisher Halcyon enigma occurred at low densities (5,290–8,690 birds), in primary forest and adjacent disturbed areas. It is heavily dependent on primary forest and threatened by habitat loss, and should be classified as Vulnerable. Approximately 350 km2 of primary forest on Karakelang is protected, 250 km2 as a wildlife reserve. However, at present, management is absent and forest is threatened by agricultural encroachment, illegal logging, and fire. Given that all endemic and threatened species were encountered more frequently or occurred at higher densities in primary forests, future conservation efforts should target these protected areas. Management of reserves should involve local stakeholders from government and representatives of island communities. Wildlife trade is a major threat to Eos histrio and strict enforcement of the species' protected status should include monitoring of roost sites, patrols of harbours and markets in Talaud, Sulawesi and the Philippines, and the control of Philippine fishing boats involved in the wild bird trade. Further species-specific research and monitoring is also required.
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Ziegler, Jackie A., Gonzalo Araujo, Jessica Labaja, Sally Snow, Alessandro Ponzo, Rick Rollins, and Philip Dearden. "Exploring the wildlife value orientations of locals working in community-based marine wildlife tourism in the Philippines." Tourism in Marine Environments, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3727/154427321x16101028725332.
Abstract:
Wildlife tourism can act as an incentive for the conservation of marine species and habitats. One of the most important outcomes can be a change in the views of participants towards target species and their habitats that may promote more conservation-oriented actions. While a handful of studies have documented the wildlife value orientations (WVOs) of tourists participating in marine wildlife tourism, no studies have explored the WVOs of locals working in tourism. However, it is equally important to understand the WVOs of locals working in community-based tourism, and whether these are linked with changes in locals’ attitudes and behaviours towards marine wildlife and the ocean. This paper assesses the WVOs of locals working in community-based whale shark tourism at four sites in the Philippines, and explores the relationship between WVOs and conservation attitudes and behaviours using a mixed methods approach with a total of 114 structured interviews. Three WVO groups were identified (mixed utilitarian-protectionist, moderate protectionist, and high protectionist) suggesting a WVO continuum. Those respondents with more protectionist views reported more conservation outcomes, including changes in attitudes and behaviours to protect whale sharks. Further, respondents who worked in tourism had more protectionist views than those from a failed tourism site indicating that tourism can change communities by helping locals value their marine resources and incentivizing protection of those resources.
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Centino, Zyra May, and Arvin Vista. "Determinants of corn farmers to adapt to climate change impacts in Sagbayan, Bohol, Philippines." Annals of Tropical Research, October 10, 2018, 77–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.32945/atr4027.2018.
Abstract:
The need to adapt to the negative impacts of climate change is urgent especially in the agriculture sector. However, there have been no published reports whether upland corn farmers are applying climate change adaptation strategies. This study sampled 91 upland corn farmers in Sagbayan, Bohol, Philippines to determine the factors affecting their decision to employ adaptations strategies. The adaptation strategies are those soil and water management and conservation techniques employed by farmers, which is modelled using binary logistic regression. The average age of the respondents was 56 years old. Respondents have been in corn production for an average period of 30 years. More than 50% of their annual household income comes from farming (PhP 25,393). Results showed that gender, farm income, total land used in farming and value of farm assets were the determinants of farmers’ use of adaptation strategies. Overall, corn farmers are knowledgeable of the impacts of climate change; however, employment of adaptation strategies is minimal. Hence, intervention should focus on programs that will increase probability of farmers employing adaptation strategies. Such programs may include farm-to-market roads to minimize post-harvest losses, setting of farmer field school and information drive.
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Aureo, Wilbert, Tomas Reyes, Francis Carlo Mutia, Reizl Jose, and Mary Beth Sarnowski. "Diversity and composition of plant species in the forest over limestone of Rajah Sikatuna Protected Landscape, Bohol, Philippines." Biodiversity Data Journal 8 (December 29, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/bdj.8.e55790.
Abstract:
Rajah Sikatuna Protected Landscape (RSPL), considered the last frontier within the Central Visayas region, is an ideal location for flora and fauna research due to its rich biodiversity. This recent study was conducted to determine the plant species composition and diversity and to select priority areas for conservation to update management strategy. A field survey was carried out in fifteen (15) 20 m x 100 m nested plots established randomly in the forest over limestone of RSPL from July to October 2019. Three hundred and sixty eight (368) species of plants were identified up to species level. This represented 327 angiosperms, one gymnosperm and 40 pteridophytes. Common plant families with more than 10 representative species were Moraceae, Meliaceae, Lauraceae, Dipterocarpaceae, Rubiaceae, Myrtaceae, Phyllanthaceae, Annonaceae, Araceae and Lauraceae. There were 93 (28%) endemic and 46 (14%) threatened species (vulnerable to critically endangered) observed. The cluster analysis and species accumulation curve suggests that plant species are not homogeneously distributed which implies that different management and conservation strategies should be implemented across RSPL. These results not only indicate the importance of RSPL, but also highlights areas with higher diversity and concentration of threatened and endemic species as a special area of concern. Furthermore, areas with high biodiversity value were recommended for immediate protection, while areas with low biodiversity value were recommended for reforestation programmes using species with high importance value.
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JOSE, REIZL P., KAY P. RAMOS, CRISTINE J. GONZAGA, and SHARON ROSE TABUGO. "Fluctuating Asymmetry as a Measure of Ecological Stress in Rousettus ampexicaudatus (a Fruit Bat), in Bohol, Philippines." IAMURE International Journal of Ecology and Conservation 13, no. 1 (January 25, 2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.7718/ijec.v13i1.857.
Abstract:
Bats are biological species that can be influenced by environmental changes. The nature and understanding of the adaptation and survival of bats as biological indicators of the health of the ecosystem is essential for preservation and conservation strategies. Fluctuating asymmetry (FA) are fine and random deviations from perfect symmetry of organism’s morphology. It is considered as a reliable factor for measuring developmental instability because it reflects both genetic and environmental stresses especially in endangered populations. Hypothesis assumes that FA has costs and reflects the degree of stress and quality of individuals herewith, a direct relationship between FA and developmental instability. The study determined the developmental instability via fluctuating asymmetry of Rousettus ampexicaudatus, a fruit bat. Using landmark method for shape asymmetry, anatomical and mathematical landmarks were used and analyzed using Symmetry and Asymmetry in Geometric Data (SAGe) program. Results yield highly significant FA for both populations examined (Tamboco cave & claise cave, Bohol). However, population from claise cave in Nagtuang of loon has relatively higher FA and percentage of variation based on the Principal component Analysis (PcA). Thus, the bat population in claise cave experienced a higher degree of stress. Keywords - Animal Ecology, fluctuating asymmetry, SAGE program, experimentaldesign, Philippines
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"Initial terrestrial vertebrate diversity assessment in upland Cavite, Philippines." Philippine Journal of Systematic Biology 12, no. 2 (June 28, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.26757/pjsb.2018b12007.
Abstract:
Cavite’s remaining upland forest fragments are either remnant from commercial logging activities ca. 25-45 years ago or as a direct result of land conversions for agriculture or human settlements. These forest fragments are very significant because they represent areas where pockets of wildlife habitat still remain. The terrestrial vertebrates are often used to assess animal diversity because they are ideal biological indicators of environmental change and anthropogenic disturbances. The study aimed to determine terrestrial vertebrate diversity, conservation status, and identify major anthropogenic threats in these fragments. Terrestrial vertebrates were surveyed using a combination of strip-transect sampling, time-constrained searches, visual encounter survey (VES), and acoustic encounter survey (AES; for amphibians only), point counts, live trapping and mist netting from October 2014 to March 2016. Species richness and biodiversity estimation were computed using Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index, linear regression, detection and probability modeling using PAST, and confidence limits for nestedness (0.05α) using EpiTools. A total of 175 terrestrial vertebrates were documented and among the vertebrate groups, the birds had the highest observed diversity. Twenty-nine (19 birds, 3 mammals, 3 lizards, and 4 anurans) species are listed as threatened. Habitat loss and degradation due to the conversion of habitats to agricultural and/or residential areas remained to be the most prevalent threat in the remaining forested areas in upland Cavite. Baseline data generated shall be used in the different government biodiversity monitoring activities as the basis for impacts and mitigation and initial planning for the management and conservation of these remaining forest patches.
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SOPSOP, LITA B., and GLENN O. SOPSOP. "Flora of Mt. Mantalingahan Range, Palawan Island, Philippines: Basis for Prioritizing Protected Areas." IAMURE International Journal of Ecology and Conservation 11, no. 1 (March 17, 2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.7718/ijec.v11i1.871.
Abstract:
In Palawan Island, Philippines, Mt. Mantalingahan is given high conservation value because its varied habitats harbor different organisms including important wildlife, but little is known about its floristic composition. Using the Variable Transect Method for Rapid Assessment of Tropical Plant Communities, its peripheral forest flora in four surrounding municipalities was surveyed to describe the community structure and assess the priority areas for protection. The mountain’s peripheral forest is rich in diversified flora having at least 351 species in 214 genera and 92 families. Endemism is remarkably high having at least 50 species of which nine are only found in Palawan, higher than the six species found in Puerto Princesa City Underground River National Park. It contains numerous plant species that are rare with narrow habitat range, economically important, and 13 vulnerable, four endangered and five critically endangered. From the criteria in prioritizing areas for protection, Rizal municipality ranked first, followed by Bataraza, Sofrono Española, and Brooke’s Point municipalities. Results from rapid floral assessment demonstrate that Mt. Mantalingahan Range is one of the most important sites in Palawan Corridor for biodiversity conservation. The best and strictest measures should be applied to prevent any degradation of such a rich genetic resource. Keywords - Plant Ecology, flora, threatened species, ecological design, Palawan, Philippines
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Salvador-Caabay, Jessa Marie. "Recreational use Value of a Firefly Watching Ecotourism and Wildlife Park in Palawan, Philippines using the Travel Cost Method." International Journal of Science and Management Studies (IJSMS), May 31, 2021, 115–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.51386/25815946/ijsms-v4i3p111.
Abstract:
Ecotourism has been known to be globally popular which promotes natural resources that will function for recreational activities but following the methods for sustainable use and implementation. For proper management plans, various ecotourism sites are evaluated for they recreation use values. In this study, the Travel Cost Method (TCM) was applied in order to calculate the economic value of Iwahig Firefly Watching Ecotourism and Wildlife Park in Palawan, Philippines. The individual travel cost method was utilized in this study which was found to be a cost-effective and convenient method. It was found out that age, income and travel costs are some of the factors that have a significant effect on the number of annual visits of individuals in the site. The travel costs and age both have indirect relationship with the number of visits to the site, while the annual income have a direct relationship on the number of visits. This may be useful in terms of management plan and conservation.
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"Endangered by trade: seizure analysis of the critically endangered Philippine Forest Turtle Siebenrockiella leytensis from 2004–2018." Philippine Journal of Systematic Biology 14, no. 2 (August 11, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.26757/pjsb2020b14003.
Abstract:
The Philippine or Palawan Forest Turtle Siebenrockiella leytensis is the only endemic turtle known to occur in the Philippines. It was assessed as Critically Endangered in 2000 and has been considered as one of the world’s top 25 most endangered turtles since 2003. The species is accorded protection nationally by the Wildlife Protection and Conservation Act of 2001 and its international commercial trade is regulated by the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES). However, the publication of its rediscovery in 2004 triggered unrelenting poaching and trafficking for the pet trade nationally and internationally. With the aim of quantifying the extent of poaching and to provide insight on the trade dynamics, we analyzed seizure records from 2004–2018 and conducted physical and online market surveys in 2017–2018. Twenty-three (23) seizure incidents involving 4,723 Philippine Forest Turtles were recorded in the last 15 years. Based on an online survey, we estimated that an additional 1,200 Philippine Forest Turtles were smuggled and illegally sold in China in 2015. The majority of the 74 live individuals exported legally from the Philippines were likely sourced illegally from the wild and declared fraudulently as captive bred by exporters to obtain CITES permits. While habitat loss or degradation is a major threat, the illegal pet trade remains the most important factor threatening the survival of the Philippine Forest Turtles in the wild.
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Kittelberger, Kyle D., Montague H. C. Neate-Clegg, J. David Blount, Mary Rose C. Posa, John McLaughlin, and Çağan Hakkı Şekercioğlu. "Biological Correlates of Extinction Risk in Resident Philippine Avifauna." Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution 9 (June 14, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2021.664764.
Abstract:
The majority of the world’s biodiversity occurs in the tropics, but human actions in these regions have precipitated an extinction crisis due to habitat degradation, overexploitation, and climate change. Understanding which ecological, biogeographical, and life-history traits predict extinction risk is critical for conserving species. The Philippines is a hotspot of biodiversity and endemism, but it is a region that also suffers from an extremely high level of deforestation, habitat degradation, and wildlife exploitation. We investigated the biological correlates of extinction risk based on the IUCN Red List threat status among resident Philippine birds using a broad range of ecological, biogeographical, and life history traits previously identified as correlates of extinction risk in birds. We found strong support across competing models for endemism, narrower elevational ranges, high forest dependency, and larger body size as correlates significantly associated with extinction risk. Additionally, we compared observed threat status with threat status fitted by our model, finding fourteen species that are not currently recognized by the IUCN Red List as threatened that may be more threatened than currently believed and therefore warrant heightened conservation focus, and predicted threat statuses for the four Philippine Data Deficient bird species. We also assessed species described in recent taxonomic splits that are recognized by BirdLife International, finding 12 species that have a fitted threat status more severe than their IUCN-designated ones. Our findings provide a framework for avian conservation efforts to identify birds with specific biological correlates that increase a species’ vulnerability to extinction both in the Philippine Archipelago and elsewhere on other tropical islands.