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Journal articles on the topic 'Wildfires x Prevention and control'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 29 July 2024

Last updated: 1 August 2024

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1

C. Stanley, Okoro, Lopez Alexander, and Unuriode O. Austine. "Proactive Wildfire Detection and Management using AI, ML, and 5G Technology in the United States." International Journal of Data Mining & Knowledge Management Process 14, no. 1/2 (March 29, 2024): 01–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/ijdkp.2023.14201.

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Over the past few years, wildfires have become a worldwide environmental emergency, resulting in substantial harm to natural habitats and playing a part in the acceleration of climate change. Wildfire management methods involve prevention, response, and recovery efforts. Despite improvements in detection techniques, the rising occurrence of wildfires demands creative solutions for prompt identification and effective control. This research investigates proactive methods for detecting and handling wildfires in the United States, utilizing Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML), and 5G technology. The specific objective of this research covers proactive detection and prevention of wildfires using advanced technology; Active monitoring and mapping with remote sensing and signaling leveraging on 5G technology; and Advanced response mechanisms to wildfire using drones and IOT devices. This study was based on secondary data collected from government databases and analyzed using descriptive statistics. In addition, past publications were reviewed through content analysis, and narrative synthesis was used to present the observations from various studies. The results showed that developing new technology presents an opportunity to detect and manage wildfires proactively. Utilizing advanced technology could save lives and prevent significant economic losses caused by wildfires. Various methods, such as AI-enabled remote sensing and 5G-based active monitoring, can enhance proactive wildfire detection and management. In addition, super intelligent drones and IOT devices can be used for safer responses to wildfires. This forms the core of the recommendation to the fire Management Agencies and the government.

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Perminov, Vladislav V., Danil S. Vorobiev, Denis P. Kasymov, and Vladislava V. Perminova. "Technologies for the prevention and extinguishing of wildfires in Russia and the world: the dynamics of patent activity and patentological prospects." RUDN Journal of Ecology and Life Safety 30, no. 3 (September 13, 2022): 227–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2310-2022-30-3-227-239.

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Рresents a patent review of technologies for the prevention and extinguishing of wildfires in the Russian Federation and the world over the last 30 years. The analysis of patent documents shows that there have been around 300 patent applications per year throughout the study period. The patent offices of China and the United States possess the largest number of patent families. In addition, China has a large number of patents with little legal protection, i.e. to protect specific technical solutions. In the Russian Federation, research organizations in the regions with extensive forest resources and a complex fire situation focus on developments in the field of prevention and extinguishing of wildfires. Technical solutions of Russian developers are relevant since they correspond to global patenting trends and have the thoroughly studied application materials. However, Russian patent holders experience difficulties when their developments enter into civil circulation, which decreases the number of valid protective documents. Thus, the transfer of technologies for the prevention and extinguishing of forest fires needs to be developed. The main technological areas of application are Environmental Technologies, Control, Transport, Measurement, and Computer and Telecommunication Technologies. The distribution shows that traditional ways of fighting fires are being improved, mainly fire-fighting equipment with the most active development of technologies for detecting, monitoring and controlling forest fires. Additional analysis of records has identified software products, registered in the Russian Federation, which are designed to prevent and extinguish wildfires. The prospects of patenting have been assessed and the features of conducting a patent search on this subject have been indicated.

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Lasanta, T., M. Khorchani, F. Pérez-Cabello, P. Errea, R. Sáenz-Blanco, and E. Nadal-Romero. "Clearing shrubland and extensive livestock farming: Active prevention to control wildfires in the Mediterranean mountains." Journal of Environmental Management 227 (December 2018): 256–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.08.104.

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Mohammad, Sohail. "Neuropsychiatric Manifestations of Wildfire Exposure." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 34, s1 (May 2019): s152. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x19003418.

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Introduction:Wildfires are life threatening incessant fires in thickly vegetated areas that spread extremely rapidly to human habitat and are difficult to control by human force. The impact of wildfires is enormous on population health and causes tremendous financial burden to individuals and communities.Aim:The aim is to understand the potential disease burden secondary to wildfires both at an individual and population level and reflect upon the immediate and delayed neuropsychiatric manifestations of smoke exposure.Methods:Data on wildfires associated direct and indirect costs on individual health and health care delivery appears to be scant. The effort of this presentation is to present the federal data from 2012 to 2016 on nationwide wildfires, estimated acreage consumed in wildfires, the population exposed, and deaths. Information was extracted from the National Interagency Fire Center, the United States Fire Administration, and the Federal Emergency Management Agency. Through literature review on neuropsychological sequelae of wildfires smoke inhalation and associated trauma, the goal is to reflect upon potential healthcare burden secondary to neuropsychiatric manifestations.Results:Per National Center for Health Statistics, the national fire death rates from 2012 to 2016 ranged 10 to 11 per million population each year, and the property loss both residential and non-residential was estimated at 9 to 10 billion dollars each year. We know healthcare cost is expensive in the United States, and with the stated estimates, one can only envision the health care and public health system burden.Discussion:The characteristic neuropathology of carbon monoxide toxicity is bilateral Globus pallidus necrosis and the common neuropsychological symptoms include fatigue, affective conditions, emotional distress, memory deficits, sleep disturbance, vertigo, dementia, and psychosis. The health effects and associated disability demand policymakers to allocate resources for wildfire prevention/ containment and primary health care providers education, research, and building effective healthcare delivery systems.

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Steele, TW, and JC Stier. "An Economic Evaluation of Public and Organized Wildfire Detection in Wisconsin." International Journal of Wildland Fire 8, no. 4 (1998): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf9980205.

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Early detection is the first step toward effective wildfire control. This study used cost-benefit techniques to evaluate the economic efficiency of fixed lookouts for wildfire detection in Wisconsin. Costs and benefits were assessed relative to a baseline scenario of public detection alone. Analyses revealed that fixed lookouts were economically efficient in aggregate; however, their performance varied considerably among administrative areas and among lookouts. Twenty-five percent of the fixed lookouts detected the majority of wildfires and accounted for virtually all suppression cost savings and property damage prevention. Additional analyses showed that fixed lookouts and the public saw wildfire that were significantly different. Specifically, the public tended to detect wildfires in developed areas at a relatively early stage, whereas fixed lookouts spotted fires in more remote, sparsely populated regions. These findings suggest that opportunities exist to enhance wildfire detection efficiency and cost effectiveness by selectively adjusting lookout use.

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Rjoub, Doaa, Ahmad Alsharoa, and Ala’eddin Masadeh. "Unmanned-Aircraft-System-Assisted Early Wildfire Detection with Air Quality Sensors." Electronics 12, no. 5 (March 4, 2023): 1239. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12051239.

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Numerous hectares of land are destroyed by wildfires every year, causing harm to the environment, the economy, and the ecology. More than fifty million acres have burned in several states as a result of recent forest fires in the Western United States and Australia. According to scientific predictions, as the climate warms and dries, wildfires will become more intense and frequent, as well as more dangerous. These unavoidable catastrophes emphasize how important early wildfire detection and prevention are. The energy management system described in this paper uses an unmanned aircraft system (UAS) with air quality sensors (AQSs) to monitor spot fires before they spread. The goal was to develop an efficient autonomous patrolling system that detects early wildfires while maximizing the battery life of the UAS to cover broad areas. The UAS will send real-time data (sensor readings, thermal imaging, etc.) to a nearby base station (BS) when a wildfire is discovered. An optimization model was developed to minimize the total amount of energy used by the UAS while maintaining the required levels of data quality. Finally, the simulations showed the performance of the proposed solution under different stability conditions and for different minimum data rate types.

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Dewey, Steven A., Michael J. Jenkins, and Robert C. Tonioli. "Wildfire Suppression—A Paradigm for Noxious Weed Management." Weed Technology 9, no. 3 (September 1995): 621–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00023940.

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The spread of noxious weeds on rangeland and forests in the United States has been described as a raging biological wildfire. This analogy applies to aspects of spread, impact, and control of weeds. Patterns and means of spread are similar. Noxious weeds and wildfires can dramatically change natural plant communities, alter distribution and species composition of wildlife populations, damage watersheds and increase soil erosion, and adversely affect recreation and aesthetic values. Wildfire management involves prevention, early detection, timely control, and site rehabilitation; elements which are also the foundation of sound weed management. Principles and practices associated with wildfire suppression can be used to illustrate many weed science fundamentals, and to improve weed management programs. Federal land management agencies are directed to train employees in effective weed management and to increase public awareness about noxious weeds. Most agency employees are familiar with wildfire management; knowledge which could be useful in teaching weed management principles. Fire prevention could serve as a model to promote greater public awareness of the impact of noxious weeds and the need for weed prevention and early detection.

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Ikhwan, Muhammad. "PEMETAAN DAERAH RAWAN KEBAKARAN HUTAN DAN LAHAN DI KABUPATEN ROKAN HILIR." Wahana Forestra: Jurnal Kehutanan 11, no. 1 (January 14, 2016): 57–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.31849/forestra.v11i1.137.

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Forest fire is one form of the disorder occur more frequently. The negative impact caused by forest fires large enough cover ecological damage, declining biodiversity, the decline in the economic value of forest and soil productivity, chan ges in micro and global climate and the smoke damage the health of people and disrupting transport by land, river, lake, sea and air. Given the impact of the forest fires, the efforts to protect the forest areas is very important. In an effort to control forest fires it is essential to map vulnerability to wildfires prepared to know which areas have the potential for fires. The purpose of this study was to map the vulnerability of land and forest fires in an effort to support the establishment of forest fire management strategy. Through a vulnerability map wildfires can provide vulnerability information to policy-making forest fire prevention / fire control and is expected to be the basis in prevention efforts as early as possible. The study was conducted from June until July 2014 and the case study research in Rokan Hilir Regency. Results of mapping the vulnerability of land and forest fires shows that most areas of Rokan Hilir Regency has a severe impact and the level of vulnerability is very high. Low-prone areas have extensive 9152.55 hectares (1.01%), the rate of moderate-prone area of 158,943.95 hectares (17.49%), high-level-prone area of 382,448.62 hectares (42.08%) and very high levels of vulnerability with an area of 358,374.00 hectares (39.43%).

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Ali, Mohammad Furqan, Dushantha Nalin K. Jayakody, and P. Muthuchidambaranathan. "Revolutionizing Firefighting: UAV-Based Optical Communication Systems for Wildfires." Photonics 11, no. 7 (July 11, 2024): 656. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics11070656.

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Wildfires are one of the most devastating natural disasters in the world. This study proposes an innovative optical wildfire communication system (OWC) that leverages advanced optical technologies for wildfire monitoring and seamless communication towards the 5G and beyond (5GB) wireless networks. The multi-input–multi-output (MIMO) optical link among communication nodes is designed by gamma–gamma (GG) distribution under consideration of intensity modulation and direct-detection (IM/DD) following an on–off-keying (OOK) scheme. In this study, the performance metrics of the proposed MIMO link that enables unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are analytically derived. The end-to-end (E2E) performance metrics and the novel closed-form expressions for the average BER (ABER) and outage probability (Pout) are investigated for the proposed system models. Furthermore, the simulation results are obtained based on the real experimental data. The obtained results in this study are improved spatial resolution and accuracy, enabling the detection by communication of even small-scale wildfires at their inception stages. In the further perspective of this research, the development of the proposed system holds the potential to revolutionize wildfire prevention and control efforts, making a substantial impact on safeguarding ecosystems, communities, and economies from the devastating effects of fires.

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Fernández-Álvarez, Marta, Julia Armesto, and Juan Picos. "LiDAR-Based Wildfire Prevention in WUI: The Automatic Detection, Measurement and Evaluation of Forest Fuels." Forests 10, no. 2 (February 11, 2019): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10020148.

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This paper describes a methodology using LiDAR point clouds with an ultra-high resolution in the characterization of forest fuels for further wildfire prevention and management. Biomass management strips were defined in three case studies using a particular Spanish framework. The data were acquired through a UAV platform. The proposed methodology allows for the detection, measurement and characterization of individual trees, as well as the analysis of shrubs. The individual tree segmentation process employed a canopy height model, and shrub cover LiDAR-derived models were used to characterize the vegetation in the strips. This way, the verification of the geometric legal restrictions was performed automatically and objectively using decision trees and GIS tools. As a result, priority areas, where wildfire prevention efforts should be concentrated in order to control wildfires, can be identified.

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Connerton, Charlotte S., and Angela K. Wooton. "Building Community Resilience to Mitigate Mental Health Effects of Climate Change." Creative Nursing 25, no. 3 (August 15, 2019): e9-e14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1078-4535.25.3.e9.

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As global warming is taking effect, the number of natural disasters such as hurricanes, tornados, flooding, drought, and wildfires is increasing. The purpose of this article is to address the impacts of climate change on human health, using a model developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The effects of natural disasters on mental health, and actions nurses can take to help build strong, resilient communities, are discussed in detail. Increasing awareness and building resilience will improve health outcomes. Strong social connections are a key component of community resilience. Strengthening the infrastructure of communities can mitigate the impact of climate changes.

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Bokhtier, Golam M., Setrige W. Crawford, and Kamran Eftekhari Shahroudi. "Integrated Systems Architectural Modeling with Architectural Trade Study of a UAV Surface‐less Flight Control Systems for Wildfire Detection and Communication utilizing MBSAP." INCOSE International Symposium 33, no. 1 (July 2023): 229–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/iis2.13019.

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AbstractIn this paper, we report our progress on integrating a model‐based system engineering methodology with a system architectural trade study applied to flight control systems of a locally owned and operated, cost effective Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) design utilizing the concepts of Model‐Based Systems Architecture Processes (MBSAP). The primary objective of the UAV is to monitor wildfires and to gather information and to provide surveillance data for predicting and preventing wildfires [1]. We describe our experience with a holistic approach to architect flight controls (the System‐of‐Interest), in a way that is tightly coupled with high‐level stakeholder needs and concerns, operational scenarios, (normal, inadvertent, and mis‐) use cases, Context System, and Enabling Systems.Several architectural variants of the Surface‐less Flight Controls (SFC) were traded. Our systemic approach showed that classical flight controls are feasible for the baseline UAV. It also helped us identify a novel architecture with a potential to drastically improve UAV performance (range, survey time), UAV weight, and specific cost. Our approach has resulted in an architecture that has the potential to significantly reduce the costs of manufacturing as well as operating UAVs, at the same time it drastically improves their performance. This development could mean widely increased availability and improved effectiveness of UAVs in fire detection and prevention.

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Keeley, Jon E., Hugh Safford, C. J. Fotheringham, Janet Franklin, and Max Moritz. "The 2007 Southern California Wildfires: Lessons in Complexity." Journal of Forestry 107, no. 6 (September 1, 2009): 287–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jof/107.6.287.

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Abstract The 2007 wildfire season in southern California burned over 1,000,000 ac (∼400,000 ha) and included several megafires. We use the 2007 fires as a case study to draw three major lessons about wildfires and wildfire complexity in southern California. First, the great majority of large fires in southern California occur in the autumn under the influence of Santa Ana windstorms. These fires also cost the most to contain and cause the most damage to life and property, and the October 2007 fires were no exception because thousands of homes were lost and seven people were killed. Being pushed by wind gusts over 100 kph, young fuels presented little barrier to their spread as the 2007 fires reburned considerable portions of the area burned in the historic 2003 fire season. Adding to the size of these fires was the historic 2006-2007 drought that contributed to high dead fuel loads and long distance spotting. As in 2003, young chaparral stands and fuel treatments were not reliable barriers to fire in October 2007. Second, the Zaca Fire in July and August 2007 showed that other factors besides high winds can sometimes combine to create conditions for large fires in southern California. Spring and summer fires in southern California chaparral are usually easily contained because of higher fuel moisture and the general lack of high winds. However, the Zaca Fire burned in a remote wilderness area of rugged terrain that made access difficult. In addition, because of its remoteness, anthropogenic ignitions have been low and stand age and fuel loads were high. Coupled with this was severe drought that year that generated fuel moisture levels considerably below normal for early summer. A third lesson comes from 2007 conifer forest fires in the southern California mountains. In contrast to lower elevation chaparral, fire suppression has led to major increases in conifer forest fuels that can lead to unnaturally severe fires when ignitions escape control. The Slide and Grass Valley Fires of October 2007 occurred in forests that had been subject to extensive fuel treatment, but fire control was complicated by a patchwork of untreated private properties and mountain homes built of highly flammable materials. In a fashion reminiscent of other recent destructive conifer fires in California, burning homes themselves were a major source of fire spread. These lessons suggest that the most important advances in fire safety in this region are to come from advances in fire prevention, fire preparedness, and land-use planning that includes fire hazard patterns.

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Torres, Fillipe Tamiozzo Pereira, Shauanne Dias Pancieri, Vicente Paulo Santana Neto, and Vinicius Barros Rodrigues. "Fire danger in the supply areas of hydroelectric reservoirs under the restoration process in the south of Minas Gerais, Brazil." Revista Árvore, no. 48 (May 10, 2024): 01–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.53661/1806-9088202448263762.

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The partial or complete loss of vegetation cover triggers an increase in surface runoff, erosion, and sedimentation of water bodies, including reservoirs for hydroelectric power generation, reducing their life expectancy. To control or mitigate this issue, ecological restoration interventions should prioritize the recovery of areas most vulnerable to these processes, such as springs. Conversely, wildfires cause damage to vegetation cover and hinder ecological restoration and/or natural regeneration processes. Therefore, this study aimed to identify - with the aid of Geographic Information Systems - the temporal and spatial likelihood of fire occurrences in spring recharge areas undergoing ecological restoration and contributing to hydroelectric reservoirs in southern Minas Gerais, Brazil. The findings indicated that the months with the highest probability of wildfire occurrences were August and September (accounting for 66% of cases), requiring increased attention to prevention efforts. Furthermore, locations most susceptible to fires (steeper slopes, more flammable vegetation, and higher anthropogenic use) should be treated as priorities for both prevention and ecological restoration actions.

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Silvestro, Roberto, Luigi Saulino, Carla Cavallo, Emilia Allevato, Stefania Pindozzi, Elena Cervelli, Paola Conti, Stefano Mazzoleni, and Antonio Saracino. "The Footprint of Wildfires on Mediterranean Forest Ecosystem Services in Vesuvius National Park." Fire 4, no. 4 (December 14, 2021): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fire4040095.

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Wildfires are one of the most important natural disturbances in vegetation biomes. In recent decades, both the number and severity of fires have significantly increased in Mediterranean forests, frequently resulting in catastrophic events. In this scenario, we aimed to explore the flow of ecosystem services and their related economic value that was disrupted by human-induced megafires in the Mediterranean forest of Vesuvius National Park in the summer of 2017. We adopted an innovative approach by merging two methodologies: an ecological approach to evaluate the status of the forest ecosystem after the wildfires and an economics methodology to estimate the monetary value of the interruption to ecosystem services. Losses related to the following six services were estimated: woody biomass, soil erosion control, habitat maintenance, pollination, carbon stock, and ecotourism. In 2017, 3350 ha of forest (88% of the total forested area of Vesuvius National Park) burnt over a period of 49 days. The total estimated monetary loss amounted to €14.363 M, 56.9% of which comprised of provisioning ecosystem services, while 34.7% encompassed maintenance and regulation services, and 8.5% were so-called cultural services. Suppression costs accounted for 16% of the total estimated economic loss of ecosystem services. Our results provide useful insights for decision-makers when allocating financial resources, suggesting that they should invest in fire prevention rather than fire suppression and post-fire restoration. This explicit valuation of the footprint of the wildfires, although not exhaustive, can also lead to greater awareness among the public regarding the benefits conferred by Mediterranean forest ecosystems. This is the first study to economically evaluate the interruption of ecosystem services after megafires in the Mediterranean basin.

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Silveira, Leandro, Flávio Henrique, G. Rodrigues, Anah Tereza de Almeida Jácomo, and José Alexandre F. Diniz Filho. "Impact of wildfires on the megafauna of Emas National Park, central Brazil." Oryx 33, no. 2 (April 1999): 108–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3008.1999.00039.x.

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AbstractThis study evaluates the impact of two wildfires, in 1994 and 1995, on the large mammal fauna of Emas National Park, central Brazil. The 1994 fire burned 100 per cent of the park's grassland and after the fire, in a c. 2000-ha survey area, the authors found 16 giant anteaters Myrmecophaga tridactyla, two giant armadillos Priodontes maximus and one tapir Tapirus terrestris that had died in the fire. The 1995 fire burned 15 per cent of the park's grassland and no dead animals were found in a 220-ha survey area. The authors discuss the possible long-term ecological consequences of wildfires on the large mammal fauna of Emas, with a special focus on the giant anteater population, which is particularly susceptible to fires. They recommend a fire management programme, which would include controlled burns on a rotational basis in different sections of the park. The programme would also improve the availability of food for herbivores and control the spread of alien grass species.

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Yue, Weiting, Chao Ren, Yueji Liang, Xiaoqi Lin, Anchao Yin, and Jieyu Liang. "Wildfire Risk Assessment Considering Seasonal Differences: A Case Study of Nanning, China." Forests 14, no. 8 (August 10, 2023): 1616. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f14081616.

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Wildfire disasters pose a significant threat to the stability and sustainability of ecosystems. The assessment of wildfire risk based on a seasonal dimension has contributed to improving the spatiotemporal targeting of fire prevention efforts. In this study, Nanning, China, was selected as the research area. The wildfire driving factors were chosen from both seasonal and nonseasonal aspects, and the datasets were divided into five periods: all seasons, spring, summer, autumn, and winter. The light gradient boosting machine (LGBM) was employed to construct wildfire danger models for different periods, evaluating the spatial distribution of high-wildfire-danger areas during these periods and the predictive performance differences. The SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) method was utilized to analyze the differential contributions of various factors to wildfire occurrence in different seasons. Subsequently, the remote sensing ecological index (RSEI) was calculated using four indicators, greenness, heat, wetness, and dryness, to assess the ecological vulnerability in different seasons. Finally, by integrating danger and vulnerability information, wildfire risk models were developed to systematically assess the risk of wildfire disasters causing losses to the ecological environment in different seasons. The results indicate that: (1) The evaluation of wildfire danger based on individual seasons effectively compensates for the shortcomings of analyzing danger across all seasons, exhibiting higher predictive performance and richer details. (2) Wildfires in Nanning primarily occur in spring and winter, while the likelihood of wildfires in summer and autumn is relatively lower. In different seasons, NDVI is the most critical factor influencing wildfire occurrence, while slope is the most important nonseasonal factor. The influence of factors varies among different seasons, with seasonal factors having a more significant impact on wildfire danger. (3) The ecological vulnerability in Nanning exhibits significant differences between different seasons. Compared to spring and winter, the ecological environment is more vulnerable to wildfire disasters during summer and autumn. (4) The highest wildfire risk occurs in spring, posing the greatest threat to the ecological environment, while the lowest wildfire risk is observed in winter. Taking into account information on danger and vulnerability in different seasons enables a more comprehensive assessment of the risk differences in wildfire disasters causing ecological losses. The research findings provide a scientific theoretical basis for relevant departments regarding the prevention, control, and management of seasonal wildfires.

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Shaimardanov, D., A. Atnabaev, D. Mukhametov, and L. Pavlova. "Status and Prospects for the Use of Remote Sensing Data for the Detection of Wildfires." Bulletin of Science and Practice 10, no. 7 (July 15, 2024): 77–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/104/10.

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The article discusses the problem of fires as a serious threat to life, economy and ecosystems, highlighting the need for early detection and suppression of fires. The potential of the combination of Earth remote sensing and neural networks for rapid and accurate detection of natural fires is studied. The significance of applying artificial intelligence, the development of deep learning methods for neural network models, to analyze space images and detect early signs of fires is emphasized. The article also provides examples of successful projects and research in the field of wildfire detection. The final part of the paper emphasizes the need for further research and development of neural network training methods, expansion of training datasets and improvement of space imagery acquisition technologies for effective control and prevention of fires, in order to protect the environment and minimize damage to people.

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Koterba, Anne M., Barbara Brewer, and Willa H. Drummond. "Prevention and Control of Infection." Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice 1, no. 1 (April 1985): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0749-0739(17)30768-x.

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Cohen, Y. Koby, Charlotte Smith, and Helene Baribeau. "Nitrification: Causes, Prevention, and Control." Opflow 27, no. 12 (December 2001): 6–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1551-8701.2001.tb01630.x.

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Lee, Sun Joo, Chun Geun Kwon, Kyung Won Seo, Young Jin Lee, and Sung Yong Kim. "Thinning Effect on Fuel Load and Crown Fire Hazard: A Case Study of Pinus Densiflora in Goseong, Gangwon Province." Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis 19, no. 5 (May 31, 2023): 27–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.14251/crisisonomy.2023.19.5.27.

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This study was conducted to analyze the effect of forest management on forest fire fuel and forest fire spread. For this purpose, a wildfire prevention forest study site(intensity of 40%, 20%, control) was established in the Goseong, Gangwon province that is vulnerable to wildfires, and regular monitoring investigations were conducted. As a result of this study, the crown bulk density is thinning 40% 0.263kg/m3, thinning 20% 0.417kg/m3, and 0.530kg/m3 in the control, the lower the amount of crown fuel load. In high-strength treatment areas, the amount of shrub fuel composed of fire-resistant tree species increased by more than 17.6% compared to the first year as the amount of light transmission increased due to thinning. It is expected that this study can be used in various research such as forest fire risk assessment by forest management and creation of fire-resistant forest zones.

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Che, Junsoo, Taehun Kim, Suhan Pyo, Jaedeok Park, Byeonghyeon An, and Taesik Park. "Prevention of Wildfires Using an AI-Based Open Conductor Fault Detection Method on Overhead Line." Energies 16, no. 5 (March 1, 2023): 2366. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16052366.

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Overhead lines that are exposed to the outdoors are susceptible to faults such as open conductors on weak points and disconnection caused by external factors such as typhoons. Arcs that occur during disconnection generate energy at a high heat of over 10,000 °C, requiring swift fault shut-off. However, most conventional fault detection methods to protect electrical power systems detect an overcurrent; thus, they can only detect faults after the line is disconnected and the cross-section of the line that generates the arc discharge makes contact with another line or the ground, causing a high risk of fire. Furthermore, in the case of ground faults owing to the disconnection of overhead lines, the load and the grounding impedance are not parallel. Therefore, in the case of the fault current not exceeding the threshold or a high impedance fault due to the high grounding impedance of the surrounding environment, such as grass or trees, it is difficult to determine overhead line faults with conventional fault detection methods. To solve these issues, this paper proposes an AI-based open conductor fault detection method on overhead lines that can clear the fault before the falling open conductor line comes into contact with the ground’s surface so as to prevent fire. The falling time according to the height and span of the overhead line was calculated using a falling conductor model for the overhead line, to which the pendulum motion was applied. The optimal input data cycle that enables fault detection before a line–ground fault occurs was derived. For artificial intelligence learning to prevent wildfires, the voltage and current signals were collected through a total of 432 fault simulations and were wavelet-transformed with a deep neural network to verify the method. The proposed total scheme was simulated and verified with MATLAB.

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Fishwick, John. "Calf scour: practical prevention and control." Livestock 13, no. 5 (September 2008): 49–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-3870.2008.tb00183.x.

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Skovgaard, Niels. "Industrial Biofouling. Detection, Prevention and Control." International Journal of Food Microbiology 67, no. 1-2 (July 2001): 167–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-1605(01)00469-x.

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Arshad, S. H. "Environmental control for secondary prevention of asthma." Clinical & Experimental Allergy 40, no. 1 (December 15, 2009): 2–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.2009.03407.x.

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Brooks, Peter M., Michael J. Hooper, and Richard A. Smallwood. "Bone and joint disorders: prevention and control." Medical Journal of Australia 180, no. 8 (April 2004): 418. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.2004.tb05999.x.

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Moran, John M. "Chemical plaque control ? prevention for the masses." Periodontology 2000 15, no. 1 (October 1997): 109–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0757.1997.tb00110.x.

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Newton-Clarke, M. "Principles of prevention and control of salmonellosis." Equine Veterinary Education 7, no. 2 (April 1995): 67–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3292.1995.tb01192.x.

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Mensah, George A. "Legal Preparedness for Obesity Prevention and Control." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 37, S1 (2009): 7–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2009.00385.x.

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Acommon theme throughout the greatest public health achievements of the 20th century is the importance of law. From the seminal successes in immunizations and motor vehicle safety to the recognition and control of tobacco as a health hazard, laws have been invaluable. More recently in this century, laws have been fundamental in public health preparedness to address environmental disasters and terrorist threats. In fact, the first National Summit on Legal Preparedness in 2007 focused on these “urgent threats.” It only seemed natural that the second summit would focus on the “urgent realities” posed by the continuing epidemic of obesity — an epidemic that directly attacks our children’s health and drains our nation’s wealth.Recognized worldwide as an energy imbalance resulting from excess caloric intake and reduced energy expenditure, obesity contributes to diabetes, heart disease, other multiple chronic diseases, impaired quality of life, and premature mortality.

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Perdue, Wendy Collins, Alice Ammerman, and Sheila Fleischhacker. "Assessing Competencies for Obesity Prevention and Control." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 37, S1 (2009): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2009.00390.x.

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Obesity is the result of people consistently consuming more calories than they expend. A complex interaction of social and environmental conditions affects both energy consumption and physical activity levels. These conditions include, but are not limited to the following factors: the availability of affordable and healthy food; price disparities between healthy and less healthy foods; access to or perceived safety of recreation facilities; and the conduciveness of the physical environment to active modes of transportation, such as walking and biking. As outlined in the “Assessing Laws and Legal Authorities for Obesity Prevention and Control” paper in this supplement issue, laws and government policies in the United States influence nearly all of these social and environmental factors.

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Orlikoff, James E. "Malpractice Prevention and Liability Control for Hospitals." Journal For Healthcare Quality 11, no. 3 (June 1989): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1945-1474.1989.tb00415.x.

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Budiningsih, Kushartati, Fitri Nurfatriani, Mimi Salminah, Nur Arifatul Ulya, Ari Nurlia, Irfan Malik Setiabudi, and Daniel S. Mendham. "Forest Management Units’ Performance in Forest Fire Management Implementation in Central Kalimantan and South Sumatra." Forests 13, no. 6 (June 9, 2022): 894. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13060894.

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Wildfires in Indonesia are an annual phenomenon which peak in dry El Nino years, with up to 2.6 million ha of forest and land burnt in the drought year of 2015. This is an annual disaster for the country and surrounding region, with severe impacts on the environment, as well as human health, economic and social factors. Forest Management Units (FMUs, known locally as Kesatuan Pengelolaan Hutan, KPH) are the implementation agencies on the ground that play a strategic role in both the prevention and suppression of forest fires. FMUs are mandated to establish a local fire brigade, to provide adequate personnel and equipment, and to carry out fire prevention as well as suppression programs. This research aimed to analyze the performance of forest fire-related policy implementation. The study was based on five FMUs in fire-prone regions of Central Kalimantan and South Sumatra, Indonesia. The performance of the FMUs is measured by achievement of the policy objectives and effectiveness of policy implementation. Our analysis shows the policies, standards and objectives to manage fire are clear for FMUs, but there are challenges in their implementation, such that fire control activities have not been fully implemented. Most FMUs have limited capacity and resources, as well as complicated budget mechanisms and low community participation. Strengthening FMU capacity will significantly improve their performance in forest fire control, particularly in the initial stages. This can be done at three scales: personnel, organization and system.

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Humphreys, H., H. Grundmann, R. Skov, J. C. Lucet, and R. Cauda. "Prevention and control of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus." Clinical Microbiology and Infection 15, no. 2 (February 2009): 120–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-0691.2009.02699.x.

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Burns, E. Robert. "Cancer Prevention and Control: Where are the Kids?" Journal of Cancer Education 29, no. 2 (November 10, 2013): 209–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13187-013-0582-x.

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Narayan, K. M. Venkat. "Pandemic of Diabetes and Prediabetes: Prevention and Control." Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America 50, no. 3 (September 2021): i. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0889-8529(21)00058-x.

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Fleischhacker, Sheila, Alice Ammerman, Wendy Collins Perdue, Joan Miles, Sarah Roller, Lynn Silver, Lisa Soronen, and Leticia Van de Putte. "Improving Legal Competencies for Obesity Prevention and Control." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 37, S1 (2009): 76–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2009.00394.x.

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This paper is one of four interrelated papers resulting from the National Summit on Legal Preparedness for Obesity Prevention and Control (Summit) convened in June 2008 by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, and the American Society of Law, Medicine, Ethics. Each of the papers deals with one of the four core elements of legal preparedness: (1) laws and legal authorities for public health practitioners; (2) legal competencies public health practitioners and legal and policy decision makers need for use of these laws and authorities; (3) crossdisciplinary and cross-jurisdiction coordination of law-based public health actions; and (4) information on public health law best practices. Collectively, they are referenced as the “white papers.”Our purpose is to offer action options that will help to improve the legal competencies of public health practitioners and policy decision makers with respect to drafting, interpreting.

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White, Richard, Connie Celum, Judith Wasserheit, Sevgi Aral, and Richard Hayes. "Control of sexually transmitted infections for HIV prevention." Lancet 372, no. 9646 (October 2008): 1297. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(08)61541-x.

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Bianchini, Franca, Rudolf Kaaks, and Harri Vainio. "Weight control and physical activity in cancer prevention." Obesity Reviews 3, no. 1 (February 2002): 5–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1467-789x.2002.00046.x.

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Weaver, Richard G., Lynn Whittaker, Richard W. Valachovic, and Angela Broom. "Tobacco Control and Prevention Effort in Dental Education." Journal of Dental Education 66, no. 3 (March 2002): 426–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.0022-0337.2002.66.3.tb03522.x.

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Wei, Changan, Ji Xu, Qiqi Li, and Shouda Jiang. "An Intelligent Wildfire Detection Approach through Cameras Based on Deep Learning." Sustainability 14, no. 23 (November 25, 2022): 15690. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142315690.

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Fire is one of the most serious disasters in the wild environment such as mountains and jungles, which not only causes huge property damage, but also may lead to the destruction of natural ecosystems and a series of other environmental problems. Considering the superiority and rapid development of computer vision, we present a novel intelligent wildfire detection method through video cameras for preventing wildfire hazards from becoming out of control. The model is improved based on YOLOV5S architectures. At first, we realize its lightweight design by incorporating the MobilenetV3 structure. Moreover, the improvement of detection accuracy is achieved by further improving its backbone, neck, and head layers. The experiments on a dataset containing a large number of wild flame and wild smoke images have demonstrated that the novel model is suitable for wildfire detection with excellent detection accuracy while meeting the requirements of real-time detection. Its wild deployment will help detect fire at the very early stage, effectively prevent the spread of wildfires, and therefore significantly contribute to loss prevention.

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Logie, Carmen H., Danielle Toccalino, Anna Cooper Reed, Kalonde Malama, Peter A. Newman, Sheri Weiser, Orlando Harris, Isha Berry, and Adebola Adedimeji. "Exploring linkages between climate change and sexual health: a scoping review protocol." BMJ Open 11, no. 10 (October 2021): e054720. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-054720.

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IntroductionThe effects of climate change and associated extreme weather events (EWEs) present substantial threats to well-being. EWEs hold the potential to harm sexual health through pathways including elevated exposure to HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs), disrupted healthcare access, and increased sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV). The WHO defines four components of sexual health: comprehensive sexuality education; HIV and STI prevention and care; SGBV prevention and care; and psychosexual counselling. Yet, knowledge gaps remain regarding climate change and its associations with these sexual health domains. This scoping review will therefore explore the linkages between climate change and sexual health.Methods and analysisFive electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Web of Science, CINAHL) will be searched using text words and subject headings (eg, Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), Emtree) related to sexual health and climate change from the inception of each database to May 2021. Grey literature and unpublished reports will be searched using a comprehensive search strategy, including from the WHO, World Bank eLibrary, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The scoping review will consider studies that explore: (a) climate change and EWEs including droughts, heat waves, wildfires, dust storms, hurricanes, flooding rains, coastal flooding and storm surges; alongside (b) sexual health, including: comprehensive sexual health education, sexual health counselling, and HIV/STI acquisition, prevention and/or care, and/or SGBV, including intimate partner violence, sexual assault and rape. Searches will not be limited by language, publication year or geographical location. We will consider quantitative, qualitative, mixed-methods and review articles for inclusion. We will conduct thematic analysis of findings. Data will be presented in narrative and tabular forms.Ethics and disseminationThere are no formal ethics requirements as we are not collecting primary data. Results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and shared at international conferences.

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Epping-Jordan, Joanne E. "Integrated approaches to prevention and control of chronic conditions." Kidney International 68 (September 2005): S86—S88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1755.2005.09816.x.

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Hovius, Marjolijn. "Basic Guide to Infection Prevention and Control in Dentistry." International Journal of Dental Hygiene 7, no. 4 (November 2009): 299. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-5037.2009.00422.x.

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Olson, Lars J., and Santanu Roy. "On Prevention and Control of an Uncertain Biological Invasion*." Review of Agricultural Economics 27, no. 3 (September 2005): 491–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9353.2005.00249.x.

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Man, Dominic. "Foreign Body Prevention, Detection and Control: A Practical Approach." International Journal of Food Science & Technology 36, no. 1 (July 18, 2008): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2001.00447.x.

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Thompson, Jessica N., Mark M. Huycke, Ronald A. Greenfield, George Kurdgelashvili, and Chris A. Gentry. "Case-control study of statin prevention of mould infections." Mycoses 54, no. 5 (May 9, 2011): e481-e485. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0507.2010.01957.x.

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Man, Dominic. "Foreign Body Prevention, Detection and Control: A Practical Approach." International Journal of Food Science and Technology 36, no. 1 (January 2001): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2621.2001.00447.x.

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Bartsch, Janelle Ann, Gary F. Teare, Anne Neufeld, Nedeene Hudema, and Nazeem Muhajarine. "Secondary Prevention of Stroke in Saskatchewan, Canada: Hypertension Control." International Journal of Stroke 8, SA100 (October 23, 2012): 32–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-4949.2012.00930.x.

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Beer, Karlyn D., David D. Blaney, Melissa Kadzik, Kingsley B. Asiedu, Wun-Ju Shieh, William Bower, Brendan R. Jackson, Henry Walke, and Tom Chiller. "Correction to: Pressing Priorities for Mycetoma Control and Prevention." Current Fungal Infection Reports 12, no. 4 (November 20, 2018): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12281-018-0333-x.

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Xu, Feng, Wenjing Chen, Rui Xie, Yihui Wu, and Dongming Jiang. "Vegetation Classification and a Biomass Inversion Model for Wildfires in Chongli Based on Remote Sensing Data." Fire 7, no. 2 (February 17, 2024): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fire7020058.

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Vegetation classification, biomass assessment, and wildfire dynamics are interconnected wildfire-ecosystem components. The Chongli District, located in Zhangjiakou City, was the venue for skiing at the 2022 Winter Olympics. Its high mountains and dense forests create a unique environment. The establishment of alpine ski resorts highlighted the importance of comprehensive forest surveys. Understanding vegetation types and their biomass is critical to assessing the distribution of local forest resources and predicting the likelihood of forest fires. This study used satellite multispectral data from the Sentinel-2B satellite to classify the surface vegetation in the Chongli District through K-means clustering. By combining this classification with a biomass inversion model, the total biomass of the survey area can be calculated. The biomass inversion equation established based on multispectral remote sensing data and terrain information in the Chongli area have a strong correlation (shrub forest R2 = 0.811, broadleaf forest R2 = 0.356, coniferous forest R2 = 0.223). These correlation coefficients are key indicators for our understanding of the relationship between remote sensing data and actual vegetation biomass, reflecting the performance of the biomass inversion model. Taking shrubland as an example, a correlation coefficient as high as 0.811 shows the model’s ability to accurately predict the biomass of this type of vegetation. In addition, through multiple linear regression, the optimal shrub, broadleaf, and coniferous forest biomass models were obtained, with the overall accuracy reaching 93.58%, 89.56%, and 97.53%, respectively, meeting the strict requirements for survey accuracy. This study successfully conducted vegetation classification and biomass inversion in the Chongli District using remote sensing data. The research results have important implications for the prevention and control of forest fires.

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