Academic literature on the topic 'Wildfire simulation'

Les feux de forêt sont des incendies de végétation incontrôlés qui causent des dégâts importants à l’environnement, aux biens et aux personnes. Les actions de lutte contre de tels feux sont risqués et peuvent par conséquent bénéficier de techniques d'automatisation pour réduire l’exposition humaine. La télédétection aérienne est une technique qui permet d’obtenir des informations précises sur l’état d'un feu de forêt, afin que les équipes d’intervention puissent préparer des contre-mesures. Avec des véhicules aériens habités, elle expose les opérateurs à des risques élevés, qui peuvent être évités par l’utilisation de véhicules autonomes. Cette thèse présente un système de surveillance de feux de forêt basé sur des flottes de véhicules aériens sans pilote (UAV) afin de fournir aux pompiers des renseignements précis et à jour sur un feu de forêt. Nous présentons une approche pour planifier les trajectoires d’une flotte de drones à voilure fixe afin d’observer un feu de forêt évoluant au fil du temps. Des modèles réalistes du terrain, du processus de propagation du feu et des drones sont exploités, ainsi qu’un modèle du vent, pour prédire la propagation des feux de forêt et planifier le mouvement des drones. L’approche présentée adapte une méthode générique de recherche à voisinage variable (VNS) à ces modèles et les contraintes associées. L’exécution de la mission d’observation planifiée fournit des cartes des feux de forêt qui sont transmises à l’équipe d’intervention et exploitées par l’algorithme de planification pour déterminer de nouvelles trajectoires d’observation. Les algorithmes et les modèles sont intégrés dans une architecture logicielle permettant l’exécution dans des scénarios avec différents niveaux de réalisme, avec des drones réels et simulés survolant un feu de forêt réel ou synthétique. Les résultats de simulation mixte montrent la capacité de planifier les trajectoires d’observation d’une petite flotte de drones et de mettre à jour les plans lorsque de nouvelles informations sur l’incendie sont incorporées dans le modèle de propagation de feu<br>Wildfires, also known as forest or wildland fires, are uncontrolled vegetation fires occurring in rural areas that cause tremendous damage to the society, harming environment, property and people. The firefighting endeavor is a dull, dirty and dangerous job and as such, can greatly benefit from automation to reduce human exposure to hazards. Aerial remote sensing is a common technique to obtain precise information about a wildfire state so fire response teams can prepare countermeasures. This task, when performed with manned aerial vehicles, expose operators to high risks that can be eliminated by the use of autonomous vehicles. This thesis introduces a wildfire monitoring system based on fleets of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to provide firefighters with timely updated information about a wildland fire. We present an approach to plan trajectories for a fleet of fixed-wing UAVs to observe a wildfire evolving over time. Realistic models of the terrain, of the fire propagation process, and of the UAVs are exploited, together with a model of the wind, to predict wildfire spread and plan UAV motion. The approach tailors a generic Variable Neighborhood Search method to these models and the associated constraints. The execution of the planned monitoring mission provides wildfire maps that are transmitted to the fire response team and exploited by the planning algorithm to plan new observation trajectories. Algorithms and models are integrated within a software architecture allowing for execution under scenarios with different levels of realism, with real and simulated UAVs flying over a real or synthetic wildfire. Mixed-reality simulation results show the ability to plan observation trajectories for a small fleet of UAVs, and to update the plans when new information on the fire are incorporated in the fire model

Die Option Mechanism Dynamics (MDO) von Creo Parametric ist ein Tool aus dem Bereich Starrkörperdynamik. Im Kern des Vortrags steht jedoch die MDO-Funktion 3D-Kontakt, die einzigartig mit elastischen Körpern arbeitet. Im Vortrag wird die Vorgehensweise bei der dynamischen Simulation eines Rutschreifens auf GFK-Wasserrutschen erläutert, abschließend werden Animationsbeispiele präsentiert.

There is growing recognition of the importance of preserving Canada’s forests. Canada’s 348 million hectares of forest land cover 35% of its land area, representing 9% of the world’s forests and 24% of the world’s boreal forests. As a renewable resource, forests offer significant environmental, economic and recreational benefits and innumerable services contributing to the quality of life. Canada has recently entered an era of increased frequency and severity of natural disasters. Ecosystems and communities especially in western Canada have recently undergone a trend of increasing pressures from natural disturbances. These disturbances include wildfires associated with increased fuel load levels from past fire suppression regimes and a widely spread infestation of the mountain pine beetle in addition to changes in weather patterns. Wildfire activity has reached extreme levels in many of the recent years. This thesis profiles an area of western Canada within the Montane Cordillera covering the Nechako Lakes Electoral District in central British Columbia and assesses its vulnerability to the specific hazard of wildfires caused by natural and man-made sources. The objectives of this research are to review, simulate and assess the impact of various fuel management strategies in a sub-section of the Nechako Lakes Electoral District called the Southside. Values at risk include private property and old growth forest in respectively timber supply areas, provincial parks, woodlots and community forests. Simulation results show that firebreaks are effective in significantly reducing the area burned in different parts of the landscape. The performance of different strategies shows large variation. Although this has not been investigated further, such variation has likely been caused by topographic aspects and the positioning of firebreaks in the landscape in relation to climatic parameters. These results can therefore not be extrapolated beyond the simulated area, but do give an indication of the performance variation that may be expected when similar firebreaks are applied elsewhere. The results also show that model performance of all firebreak strategies is heavily and fairly consistently influenced by weather stream parameters. Sensitivity analyses of weather stream parameters show that although the reduction in total area burned varies, the ranking between strategies in their overall performance is consistent regardless of the weather pattern. Combined dry, warm and windy weather conditions lead to a 3.44-fold increase in total area burned as compared to the scenario with average weather conditions. In favourable weather conditions represented by wet, cold and nearly windless conditions, the model shows an 85% reduction in total burned area as compared to the average scenario. These results illustrate the significant impact of uncontrollable variables on the overall result.