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Journal articles on the topic 'Wilderness'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 30 July 2024

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1

Bastmeijer, Kees. "Protecting Polar Wilderness: Just a Western Philosophical Idea or a Useful Concept for Regulating Human Activities in the Polar Regions?" Yearbook of Polar Law Online 1, no. 1 (2009): 73–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22116427-91000008.

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Abstract This article focuses on the question to what extent wilderness protection receives attention in the international governance systems for the Polar Regions (Arctic Council and Antarctic Treaty System). First, on the basis of a definition of the term ‘wilderness’, the role of law in protecting wilderness is discussed. Next, attention is focused on wilderness protection in the Arctic and Antarctic. It is concluded that the international governance systems pay very little attention to the preservation of the Polar Regions as the last relatively untouched wildernesses on earth. The applicability of various multilateral environmental agreements (particularly the Arctic) is not very helpful in this respect as wilderness protection does not receive substantial attention in these legal instruments either. In view of the broad acknowledgement of the wilderness values of the Polar Regions and the fast increase of commercial activities in these regions, the author urges stakeholders involved in the Arctic Council and the Antarctic Treaty System to open the debate on relevant questions: What are wilderness values in the context of the Polar Regions and when would these values be affected? For the Arctic, how could wilderness protection be integrated in the efforts regarding sustainable development to ensure the right balance between wilderness protection and the protection of indigenous peoples rights? The questions are certainly complex; however, excluding these questions from the international governance debate with the argument that the concept is too vague, subjective or sensitive will most certainly result in a continuing loss of untouched nature, both in the Arctic and Antarctic.

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2

Broughton, Richard K., James M. Bullock, Charles George, Ross A. Hill, Shelley A. Hinsley, Marta Maziarz, Markus Melin, J. Owen Mountford, Tim H. Sparks, and Richard F. Pywell. "Long-term woodland restoration on lowland farmland through passive rewilding." PLOS ONE 16, no. 6 (June 16, 2021): e0252466. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0252466.

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Natural succession of vegetation on abandoned farmland provides opportunities for passive rewilding to re-establish native woodlands, but in Western Europe the patterns and outcomes of vegetation colonisation are poorly known. We combine time series of field surveys and remote sensing (lidar and photogrammetry) to study woodland development on two farmland fields in England over 24 and 59 years respectively: the New Wilderness (2.1 ha) abandoned in 1996, and the Old Wilderness (3.9 ha) abandoned in 1961, both adjacent to ancient woodland. Woody vegetation colonisation of the New Wilderness was rapid, with 86% vegetation cover averaging 2.9 m tall after 23 years post-abandonment. The Old Wilderness had 100% woody cover averaging 13.1 m tall after 53 years, with an overstorey tree-canopy (≥ 8 m tall) covering 91%. By this stage, the structural characteristics of the Old Wilderness were approaching those of neighbouring ancient woodlands. The woody species composition of both Wildernesses differed from ancient woodland, being dominated by animal-dispersed pedunculate oak Quercus robur and berry-bearing shrubs. Tree colonisation was spatially clustered, with wind-dispersed common ash Fraxinus excelsior mostly occurring near seed sources in adjacent woodland and hedgerows, and clusters of oaks probably resulting from acorn hoarding by birds and rodents. After 24 years the density of live trees in the New Wilderness was 132/ha (57% oak), with 390/ha (52% oak) in the Old Wilderness after 59 years; deadwood accounted for 8% of tree stems in the former and 14% in the latter. Passive rewilding of these ‘Wilderness’ sites shows that closed-canopy woodland readily re-established on abandoned farmland close to existing woodland, it was resilient to the presence of herbivores and variable weather, and approached the height structure of older woods within approximately 50 years. This study provides valuable long-term reference data in temperate Europe, helping to inform predictions of the potential outcomes of widespread abandonment of agricultural land in this region.

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3

Bastmeijer, Kees, and Tina Tin. "Antarctica – A Wilderness Continent for Science: The ‘Public’s Dream’ as a Mission Impossible?" Yearbook of Polar Law Online 6, no. 1 (March 11, 2014): 559–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1876-8814_020.

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The Consultative Parties to the Antarctic Treaty have frequently declared their collective ambition to manage Antarctica “in the interest of all mankind.” However, the concrete implications of these declarations are not clear. As part of an international research project, the authors asked people from different parts of the world to respond to a questionnaire about Antarctica, its values, and the way it should be managed. Notwithstanding differences in respondents’ nationalities, ages and the time of data collection, our results indicate that a significant proportion of the public values Antarctica both as a scientific laboratory and as one of the world’s last wildernesses. Is this ‘public’s dream’ of co-existence of science and wilderness a Mission Impossible? In this article, we contend that: 1) in theory, it is a Possible Mission that would connect well with the recognition of science and wilderness in the Antarctic Treaty System (ATS) instruments; 2) in practice, science in Antarctica has gradual and cumulative impacts on all three main wilderness qualities of Antarctica (absence of permanent infrastructure, naturalness and large size); 3) currently, the co-existence of science and wilderness is not an important consideration in the management of human activities in Antarctica; and 4) in the future, unless a proactive and concerted effort is taken by the Consultative Parties, it appears to be a Mission Impossible, as the expansion of scientific activities and associated logistics remains uncontrolled, inexorably eroding the Antarctic wilderness. Recent ATS resolutions and high-level interventions may signify that Treaty Parties are becoming more aware of the need to increase their cooperation on the ground in Antarctica and hence, open up a space to allow the coexistence of science and wilderness in Antarctica to become possible. We propose the adoption of principles providing clear and concrete guidance on scientific facilities and international cooperation as a constructive step forward in realising the ‘public’s dream’ of coexistence of science and wilderness in Antarctica.

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4

Hui, WANG. "Wilderness mind and wilderness management." 资源科学 38, no. 11 (2016): 113–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.18402/resci.2016.11.17.

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5

Miles, John C. "Wilderness Keeping by Wilderness Educators." Journal of Experiential Education 13, no. 3 (November 1990): 42–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/105382599001300310.

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6

Dant, Sara. "Making Wilderness Work: Frank Church and the American Wilderness Movement." Pacific Historical Review 77, no. 2 (May 1, 2008): 237–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/phr.2008.77.2.237.

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Idaho Senator Frank Church (served 1957––1981) is one of the most important and underappreciated participants in the politics of the American wilderness movement. Church neither originated the wilderness idea nor crafted the language of the original Wilderness Act, but he made wilderness work. Although his legislative compromises and pragmatic politics sometimes infuriated wilderness purists, they were essential to the passage of all three wilderness bills: the Wilderness Act of 1964, the Eastern Wilderness Areas Act of 1974, and the Endangered American Wilderness Act of 1978. As his legislative record demonstrates, Church was not only at the vanguard of the evolving definition of wilderness in America but also established a viable process for designating wilderness areas. Church's coalition-building vision of wilderness as a communally defined natural space, not necessarily ““untrammeled by man,”” became the standard for wilderness designation, and his enduring legacy is a model of citizen cooperation.

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7

Karivets, Ihor. "Wilderness as Challenge for Moral and Valuable Representations of a Human Being. Review of: Duclos, J. S. (2022). Wilderness, Morality, and Value. Lanham: Lexington Books. pp.141." Humanitarian vision 9, no. 1 (June 2, 2023): 32–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/shv2023.01.032.

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A reviewed monograph considers the problem of wilderness. According to the author, wilderness should be considered as wilderness. Wilderness as wilderness overcomes the anthropocentric and non-anthropocentric limitations of all attempts to theoretically justify the need to protect wilderness, including environmental philosophy, bioethics, religious concepts of the environment, etc. Therefore, the author of the monograph offers a "nobody's and nowhere" view of wilderness and only it can reveal the true value of wilderness as such.

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8

Watson, James E. M., and Oscar Venter. "Wilderness." Current Biology 31, no. 19 (October 2021): R1169—R1172. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2021.07.041.

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9

Scarpelli, Giacomo. "Wilderness." Archives Internationales d'Histoire des Sciences 64, no. 172-173 (June 2014): 83–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/j.arihs.5.110273.

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10

Butts, Anthony. "Wilderness." Callaloo 26, no. 3 (2003): 594. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cal.2003.0080.

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11

Lutz, Allison R., Paul Simpson-Housley, and Anton F. Deman. "Wilderness." Environment and Behavior 31, no. 2 (March 1999): 259–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00139169921972092.

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12

Eisner, Thomas. "Wilderness." American Scientist 91, no. 4 (2003): 292. http://dx.doi.org/10.1511/2003.26.3348.

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13

Kijas, Johanna. "Wilderness." Journal of Australian Studies 23, no. 61 (January 1999): 143–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14443059909387484.

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14

Eisner, Thomas. "Wilderness." American Scientist 91, no. 4 (2003): 292. http://dx.doi.org/10.1511/2003.26.292.

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15

Rutko, Ebony A., and Judy Gillespie. "Where’s the Wilderness in Wilderness Therapy?" Journal of Experiential Education 36, no. 3 (August 27, 2013): 218–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1053825913489107.

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16

Jastremski, M. S. "Wilderness Medicine Wilderness Medicine (CD-ROM)." JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 287, no. 4 (January 23, 2002): 522—a—523. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.287.4.522-a.

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17

Sæþórsdóttir, Anna Dóra, and Edita Tverijonaite. "Wilderness as Tourism Destination: Place Meanings and Preferences of Tourism Service Providers." Sustainability 16, no. 9 (May 1, 2024): 3807. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16093807.

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The increase in wilderness use for nature-based tourism has complex implications for wilderness management. Tourism service providers play an important role in shaping tourism development trends, which can have an impact on wilderness. This stresses the importance of studying their perceptions and preferences regarding wilderness management. This study explores the meanings wilderness areas contain for tourism operators, the relationship of these meanings with wilderness management and development preferences, and the potential of place-based approaches to contribute to wilderness management. The study is based on 47 semi-structured interviews with tourism service providers offering services within or near the Icelandic Central Highlands, known for their vast, high-quality wilderness areas. The findings emphasize the importance of place meanings assigned by tourism service providers in shaping wilderness management preferences. The study highlights the usefulness of place-based management approaches, which can help identify potential conflicts between tourism and wilderness preservation, select proactive measures to minimize tourism’s impact on wilderness quality, and thereby facilitate sustainable tourism practices in wilderness.

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18

Kagan, Neil. "Wilderness, Luck & Love: A Memoir and a Tribute." Michigan Journal of Environmental & Administrative Law, no. 7.2 (2018): 315. http://dx.doi.org/10.36640/mjeal.7.2.wilderness.

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In 1984, Congress preserved 8.2 million acres of roadless federal lands as "wilderness," nearly matching the acreage set aside in the Wilderness Act of 1964. Congress also created the most new wilderness areas ever in a single year, by far. Wilderness Connect, Number of Wilderness Areas Designated by Year, https://wilderness.net/practitioners/wilderness-areas/summary-reports/wilderness-areas-designated-by-year.php. I brought two lawsuits in 1983 that proved to be the catalyst responsible for breaking the years-long impasse that had previously stymied the protection of these pristine wildlands. The lawsuits also pushed Congress to preserve more wildlands as wilderness than it would have otherwise. This article describes the lawsuits, their historical context, and their impact, showing the direct links between activism, the litigation, and the legislation.

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19

Mudalige, Uthpala, and Steve Carver. "Unveiling Sri Lanka’s Wilderness: GIS-Based Modelling of Wilderness Attributes." Land 13, no. 4 (March 22, 2024): 402. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land13040402.

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This research presents the first detailed national wilderness mapping project conducted in Sri Lanka, aiming to identify and assess the spatial distribution of wilderness areas in the country. The study utilises a GIS-based Wilderness Quality Index (WQI), incorporating three main wilderness attributes: remoteness from public roads, absence of modern human interventions, and naturalness of land cover. The resulting wilderness quality map reveals several areas of high wilderness quality distributed throughout the country, with exceptions in the highly populated western region, where roads and built structures have significant impact. The research highlights the spatial correlation between the distribution of wilderness areas and protected areas, indicating that nearly all wilderness areas in Sri Lanka fall within the boundaries of existing protected areas. However, core wilderness areas outside existing protected areas, termed de facto wilderness areas, constitute a significant portion (19.7%) of total wilderness, raising concerns about their conservation status. The study emphasises the need for further evaluation to assess the ecological and landscape value of these areas and suggests new protected area boundaries. The wilderness quality map developed here provides policymakers with a valuable tool for future conservation planning, enabling informed decision making to preserve and protect Sri Lanka’s diverse and unique wilderness areas.

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20

Schwartz, Steve. "Who is a lost wilderness tourist?" Australian Journal of Emergency Management 10.47389/38, No 3 (July 2023): 48–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.47389/38.3.48.

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This article proposes a working definition for the term ‘lost wilderness tourist’ and uses this definition to examine lost wilderness tourist events through the lenses of tourism literature, lost person behaviour literature, search and rescue literature and wilderness tourists in Australia. A tool was developed using existing literature to recruit self-identifying lost wilderness tourists. First-person stories were collected through open ended, one-on-one qualitative interviews. Interview data were analysed using 3-step coding. The findings propose a definition for the term ‘lost wilderness tourist’, establish that lost wilderness tourist events can be categorised as ‘disorientated’ or ‘stuck’ and that these 2 meta categories can be further divided into subcategories. The findings offer insights into the lived experiences of lost wilderness tourists. These insights are useful for anyone with an interest in lost wilderness events and the safety of people in Australia’s wilderness areas.

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21

Hofmeister, Sabine. "Natures Running Wild: A Social-Ecological Perspective on Wilderness." Nature and Culture 4, no. 3 (December 1, 2009): 293–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/nc.2009.040305.

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This article is based on the thesis that wilderness as a cultural value emerges where it has been lost as a geographical and material phenomenon. In Europe the idea of wilderness experienced a surprising upswing at the end of the twentieth and beginning of the twenty-first century, with wilderness tours, wilderness education, and self-experience trips into “wilderness” becoming widely established. Also, protection of “wilderness areas” which refers to such different phenomena as large forests, wild gardens, and urban wild is very much in demand. Against this background, the article looks into the material-ecological and symbolic-cultural senses of “wilderness” in the context of changing social relations to nature. Three forms of wilderness are distinguished. Adopting a socio-ecological perspective, the article builds on contemporary risk discourse.

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22

Ananda, Jayanath, and Gamini Herath. "Assessment of Wilderness Quality Using the Analytic Hierarchy Process." Tourism Economics 8, no. 2 (June 2002): 189–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/000000002101298061.

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Wilderness is a unique environmental resource that provides a multitude of use and non-use benefits. The use and management of wilderness depend on the assessment of wilderness quality. Current wilderness assessment in Australia is based on two broad criteria, the remoteness and naturalness of the wilderness, determined using geographic information systems. This paper discusses a complementary assessment method using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The AHP can be used to incorporate additional criteria, such as social and cultural criteria, to improve the quality of wilderness assessment. It provides a flexible and compatible method for large-scale wilderness assessments with multiple criteria. The weighting factors for the different criteria can be obtained from expert panels and focus groups.

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23

Lawson, Helene. "Controlling the Wilderness: The Work of Wilderness Officers." Society & Animals 11, no. 4 (2003): 329–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853003322796073.

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AbstractIdeologies having roots in the legal structure of the system of wildlife protection characterize the work culture of the Pennsylvania wilderness officer. This paper examines these ideologies and the characteristically strong social solidarity of the community of wilderness officers. Wilderness officers are both law enforcement agents and conservationists. They mediate between human and animal as well as between what is considered scientific management and what is considered unenlightened and even lawless behavior. In performing this boundary work, wilderness officers participate in the social construction of the science of land management, which views animals as renewable resources. The wilderness officer's job is to insure the continuation of this resource as a part of the natural heritage of Pennsylvania and the United States. The wilderness officer's concept of "animal" becomes a byproduct of this social construction and of the culture of hunting that supports it. The rural upbringing common to many officers suits them ideally to their task.

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24

Fisher, Colin. "Multicultural Wilderness." Environmental Humanities 12, no. 1 (May 1, 2020): 51–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/22011919-8142209.

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Abstract Wilderness parks in the United States are often described as landscapes of leisure for affluent white nature tourists. This article challenges that interpretation by exploring visitation to the Cook County Forest Preserves and the Indiana Dunes State Park, two Chicago-area wilderness parks that during the early twentieth century attracted far more visitors than all of the national parks combined. The author argues that if we turn our gaze from rarefied and far less-visited parks such as Yosemite and Yellowstone to the wilderness parks created just outside of major metropolitan centers, we can clearly see that early-twentieth-century wilderness landscapes attracted a far more cosmopolitan audience than commonly assumed. Moreover, the author shows that marginalized Chicagoans were not simply passive consumers of wilderness. Drawing on theorists and historians of mass-culture reception, the author makes the case that new immigrants, children of the foreign-born, African Americans, and industrial workers appropriated these Chicago wilderness parks in much the same way that they borrowed and creatively rewrote Jazz-Age mass-culture entertainment such as Hollywood films. Far from places that Americanized immigrants and neutralized class tension, Chicago-area wilderness parks became important sites for the production and reproduction of subaltern national, ethnic, and working-class communities.

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25

Schmidt, Deanna H. "Suburban wilderness in the Houston metropolitan landscape." Journal of Political Ecology 24, no. 1 (September 27, 2017): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/v24i1.20793.

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Abstract This article examines the intersections of community activism and wilderness in the sprawling suburban and industrial landscapes of Houston, Texas, in the United States. The Houston metropolitan region's rapid urban development, laissez-faire land use planning, and world-class petrochemical industries provide a critical context to explore the material and conceptual relations of wilderness. Building upon recent debates regarding the production of nature, the article argues that wilderness is and always has been integrated into our everyday suburban landscapes. The empirical data discussed reveals the practices and processes (re)producing wilderness materially and conceptually within the contemporary relations of urban life. It challenges us to envision wilderness as internal to society and society as internal to wilderness. The results suggest that wilderness, instead of being external and in need of protection, is internal to the human experience and therefore internal to our urban landscapes. Key Words: wilderness, urban development, production of nature, community activism, Houston, TX

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26

Hawkins, Seth C., and Corey Winstead. "Wilderness Medicine Education." Advances in Archaeological Practice 9, no. 1 (February 2021): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aap.2020.48.

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AbstractWilderness medicine classes are widely available to archaeologists and field scientists, but because wilderness medicine is an unregulated field, knowing what the various courses and products mean can be difficult. Based on the education chapter in the recently published textbook Wilderness EMS, this article—written by same two authors as the book—explores a number of topics relevant for the field scientist, program director, or administrator seeking to obtain wilderness medicine training for archaeologists. The article first explores the history of wilderness medicine products and certificates available to interested parties. It then differentiates between the various products available today along with their benefits and limitations for the end user. Products and trainings described include certifications (including Wilderness First Aid [WFA], Wilderness Advanced First Aid [WAFA], Advanced Wilderness First Aid [AWFA], and Wilderness First Responder [WFR]), as well as single use or continuing education trainings (including Stop the Bleed, CPR, conference courses, and field schools). Particular attention is paid to the specific and actionable needs of a field scientist in remote areas.

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27

Lindquist, Michael Aaron. "Mars and the Value of Wilderness." Ethics & the Environment 29, no. 1 (March 2024): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2979/een.00002.

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Abstract: In this paper I consider whether Mars and its associated environments qualify as wilderness for, if they do, then reasons pertaining to wilderness value and wilderness protection thereby extend beyond Earth. Through a critique, modification, and subsequent application of Mark Woods's (2017) wilderness ethic, conceiving of wilderness as an untrammeled, significant location of the value-adding properties of being natural, wild, and free, I argue that Mars, in qualifying as wilderness, ought to be protected as such. In response to this conclusion, I then consider a planetary park proposal put forth by Charles S. Cockell and Gerda Horneck (2004, 2006). Finding their proposal insufficient, I propose further parks and conditions for drawing boundaries, as well as explicate ways in which the preservation of wilderness values on Mars may constrain the construction of future settlements or scientific research outposts.

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28

LOCKHART, MATTHEW A. "“The Trouble with Wilderness” Education in the National Park Service: The Case of the Lost Cattle Mounts of Congaree." Public Historian 28, no. 2 (January 1, 2006): 11–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/tph.2006.28.2.11.

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Due to recent policy changes, the amount of land that the National Park Service (NPS) manages as wilderness stands to rise considerably in coming decades. As it does, the number of cultural resources located in wilderness areas of the NPS will grow in kind. According to environmental historian William Cronon, our modern concept of wilderness is problematic: “it leaves no place for human beings” and ”represents a flight from history.” Taking Congaree National Park as its case study, this essay considers how, because of Cronon's “trouble with wilderness,” new wilderness designations and increasing emphasis on wilderness education in the NPS in the twenty-first century could adversely affect historical interpretation of some of the country's most valuable cultural resources.

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29

Hu, Ying, and Liyan Liu. "The Oriental Turn of American Wilderness Literature in the Twentieth Century." Arizona Quarterly: A Journal of American Literature, Culture, and Theory 80, no. 1 (March 2024): 117–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/arq.2024.a921519.

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Abstract: Early-American wilderness literature mainly praised the vast, magical, beautiful, and pleasant natural wilderness, expressed ideas of returning to nature, and raised environmental protection awareness through the writers' personal experiences. In the late-twentieth century, American ecological literary eco-critics turned to Eastern philosophy, and then developed a post-modern ecological holism. Wilderness literature of this period also reflected a significant shift to the East mainly in three aspects: (1) In a manner recalling the observations of Lao-tzu and Chuang-tzu, the range of wilderness literature extended to include wilderness in urban environments. (2) Corresponding to the East "Chaos" philosophy, literary speculation appeared in wilderness writing, trying to make the readers aware of limitations of a pure rational thinking from the level of ideology. (3) With the concept of "Dao," American wilderness literature reflected a consciousness returning to social issues and played a more engaged role in social responsibilities.

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30

Miller, Char, Curt Meine, and J. Baird Callicott. "Ah, Wilderness." Reviews in American History 17, no. 3 (September 1989): 443. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2702847.

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31

Meyer, Angela M., and William T. Borrie. "Engendering Wilderness." Journal of Leisure Research 45, no. 3 (July 2013): 295–323. http://dx.doi.org/10.18666/jlr-2013-v45-i3-3153.

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32

Robinson, William. "Wilderness Images." Wilderness & Environmental Medicine 11, no. 2 (June 2000): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1580/1080-6032(2000)011[0000:wi]2.3.co;2.

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Mazansky, Cyril. "Wilderness Images." Wilderness & Environmental Medicine 11, no. 2 (June 2000): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1580/1080-6032(2000)011[0112:wi]2.3.co;2.

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34

Van Tilburg, Christopher. "Wilderness Medicine." Wilderness & Environmental Medicine 12, no. 3 (September 2001): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1580/1080-6032(2001)012[0220:br]2.0.co;2.

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35

Sward, Douglas G., and Brad L. Bennett. "Wilderness medicine." World Journal of Emergency Medicine 5, no. 1 (2014): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.5847/wjem.j.issn.1920-8642.2014.01.001.

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36

Garvey, Sheila Hickey. "Ah, Wilderness!" Eugene O'Neill Review 43, no. 2 (September 1, 2022): 232–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/eugeoneirevi.43.2.0232.

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37

Heinkel, Polly L. "Ah, Wilderness!" Eugene O'Neill Review 37, no. 1 (March 2016): 135–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/eugeoneirevi.37.1.135.

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38

Herrmann, Eileen. "Ah, Wilderness!" Eugene O'Neill Review 37, no. 2 (September 2016): 286–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/eugeoneirevi.37.2.286.

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Morello, Jo. "Ah, Wilderness!" Eugene O'Neill Review 37, no. 2 (September 2016): 292–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/eugeoneirevi.37.2.292.

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40

Townes, David A. "Wilderness Medicine." Sports Medicine 35, no. 7 (2005): 557–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200535070-00001.

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41

Jones, Irene Heywood. "Project wilderness." Nursing Standard 11, no. 11 (December 4, 1996): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.11.11.20.s36.

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42

Opie, John. "American Wilderness." Environmental Ethics 31, no. 1 (2009): 85–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/enviroethics20093117.

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43

Odenbaugh, Jay. "Rethinking Wilderness." Environmental Ethics 39, no. 4 (2017): 459–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/enviroethics201739437.

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44

Schlein, Sarah, Paul Marcolini, and Evie Marcolini. "Wilderness Neurology." Seminars in Neurology 39, no. 01 (February 2019): 137–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1676994.

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The study of wilderness medicine is within the scope of medical care in the austere environment and addresses medicine as practiced in the setting of delayed access to definitive medical care, hostile environment, limited equipment, and inherent risks to the patient and/or rescuers. Part of this topic includes the care of patients with neurologic illness and/or injury.We will address the five most important skills of a wilderness medicine professional: decision making, prevention, preparation, protocol development, and education by applying the principles to select common neurologic problems that occur in the extended environment: traumatic brain injury, dehydration, hyponatremia, heat illness, hypothermia, spine injury, and lightning injury. We will focus on the most pertinent aspects of wilderness medicine: signs and symptoms, initial stabilization and treatment, evacuation, and extended care.An astute wilderness medicine specialist brings environmental and medical skill sets together to know when it is better to treat in the field and when evacuation, with its inherent risks to the patient and rescuers, is unavoidable.

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Satyamurti, Carole. "MY WILDERNESS." Yale Review 87, no. 4 (September 20, 2010): 89–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9736.1999.tb00069.x.

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Lefebure, S. "The Wilderness." Interdisciplinary Studies in Literature and Environment 4, no. 1 (April 1, 1997): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/isle/4.1.109.

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Martinez, Monica. "Urban Wilderness." Phi Delta Kappan 91, no. 4 (January 2010): 68–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003172171009100415.

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Zinaic, Rade. "CRUCIFIED WILDERNESS." East Central Europe 29, no. 1-2 (2002): 27–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187633002x00028.

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Andrews, B. A. St, and Margaret Atwood. "Wilderness Tips." World Literature Today 66, no. 4 (1992): 720. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40148697.

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Bergon, F. "Wilderness Aesthetics." American Literary History 9, no. 1 (January 1, 1997): 128–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/alh/9.1.128.

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