Academic literature on the topic 'Wilderness areas Australia Mythology'
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Journal articles on the topic "Wilderness areas Australia Mythology"
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Purcell, P. G. "CONSERVATION, DEVELOPMENT AND ENVIRONMENTALISM: HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE AND FUTURE IMPERATIVES." APPEA Journal 30, no. 1 (1990): 399. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj89028.
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Throughout history the city and the wilderness have been both idea and environment for urban man. The conflict between them is expressed in the earliest mythology and manifest today in the conservation versus development debate. The conflict is misdirected: conservation and development are interdependent. They are the same process on different time scales: the sustainance and security of life on earth. Their reconciliation is proposed in the concept of sustainable development.The widespread concern about the environment in the industrialised, developed societies today combines scientific and emotional components. The scientific component is a new and valuable appreciation of, and commitment to, the global ecology. The emotional component is more an anti-technology mood, an historically cyclic phenomenon of complex origins. Modern environmentalism is a complex amalgamation of those environmental concerns with wide ranging socio-economic and political reforms. Those reforms frequently involve the concept of no-growth or very limited economic growth, especially in Western industrial society, and derive from a pessimistic world view historically common among intellectuals. It is environmentalism, not conservationism, which is in conflict with the concept of development.A successful petroleum industry is vital to Australia's future security and welfare. The main threat to the industry comes from environmentalism, and the confusing myriad of legislation and regulation it has sponsored. Of particular significance is the policy of excluding exploration from conservation areas, rather than adopting a multiple and sequential land use approach. The single-usage approach to land management is inefficient balancing of resources and, correspondingly, is poor conservation practice. Multiple land use is a fundamental tenet of the sustainable development and the National Conservation Strategy of Australia.APEA, and business and industry generally, must improve communications with the public. The significance of primary resources in the daily life and national economy must be retaught. Industry must play a leading role in defining and implementing sustainable development, and in championing the concept. The concept will be attacked and manipulated by no-growth environmentalists, but they must not be allowed to prevail.Sustainable development offers the present generations the chance to reconcile conservation and development. That reconciliation is an imperative for the future.
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Lesslie, Robert G., Brendan G. Mackey, and Kathryn M. Preece. "A Computer-based Method of Wilderness Evaluation." Environmental Conservation 15, no. 3 (1988): 225–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900029362.
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With ever-increasing demands being made on remote and natural lands, planners and managers require more detailed information than hitherto to assist them in monitoring the status of this wilderness resource and developing appropriate and effective management prescriptions. These requirements are addressed by a computer-based wilderness evaluation procedure that has been developed for a national wilderness survey of Australia.The methodology, based on the wilderness continuum concept (Lesslie & Taylor, 1985), places emphasis on measuring variation in wilderness quality by using four indicators that represent the two essential attributes of remoteness and naturalness. This permits a precise assessment to be made of the wilderness resource, revealing those factors which contribute to or compromise wilderness quality. The computer-based storage and analysis of data enables surveys to be conducted over large, even continental, areas, yet at a relatively fine level of resolution that is appropriate to localized planning needs.Trial application to the State of Victoria, Australia, demonstrates that the survey procedure can be successfully adapted to a wide range of environments, use-patterns, data-base characteristics, and management objectives, which should be applicable and very widely useful elsewhere.
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Richardson, Benjamin J., and Nina Hamaski. "Rights of Nature Versus Conventional Nature Conservation: International Lessons from Australia’s Tarkine Wilderness." Environmental Policy and Law 51, no. 3 (July 15, 2021): 159–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/epl-201066.
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The rights-of-nature model is gaining traction as an innovative legal approach for nature conservation. Although adopted in several countries, it remains in its infancy, including in Australia. An important research question is whether rights of nature will offer superior environmental outcomes compared to traditional nature conservation techniques including creation of protected areas. This article investigates that question through a case study of the Tarkine wilderness, in the Australia state of Tasmania. It first identifies key lessons from existing international experience with affirmation of rights of nature, such as in New Zealand and Ecuador. The article then explores how rights of nature could apply in Australia’s Tarkine region and their value compared to existing or potential protected areas and other nature conservation measures under Australian or Tasmanian law. Affirming rights of nature represents a major conceptual shift in how people via the law relate to the natural world, but whether the model offers practical benefits for nature conservation depends on a variety of conditions, in addition to the need to address broader societal drivers of environmentaldegradation.
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Harding, Lauren. "What Good Is a Bear to Society?" Society & Animals 22, no. 2 (February 18, 2014): 174–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685306-12341262.
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Abstract Arising out of fieldwork in the Canadian Rockies, this paper analyzes the role of bears in the conservation culture of Canadian national parks. Why is the presence of this large predator tolerated and even celebrated by some? And why do others fear and even despise this animal, whom they see as a danger and a menace, and resent its continued preservation? Bears may act as a token charismatic species in conservation mythology; they may be anthropomorphized into a cuddly roadside attraction evoking childhood nostalgia; or they may play the part of wrathful Nature guarding against human incursion into the wilderness. Tourists in Banff National Park take great pains to see bears, while local hikers and campers expend almost equal energy avoiding an ursine encounter. This paper explores what human reactions to bears reveal about social attitudes toward the natural world, particularly in areas like the Canadian Rockies where human and bear territory overlap.
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Chandler, Stuart. "When the World Falls Apart: Methodology for Employing Chaos and Emptiness as Theological Constructs." Harvard Theological Review 85, no. 4 (October 1992): 467–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0017816000008245.
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In traditional Judeo-Christian mythology, chaos and cosmos are seen as antagonistic forces that have been vying for supremacy throughout time. According to this worldview, chaos describes the amorphous state of emptiness in which all forms are confounded in a universal confusion without structure or hierarchy. Geographically it is situated in the unexplored wilderness that surrounds and encroaches upon the ordered domain. Chaos is the realm of darkness and barrenness, symbolized either as a deep, boundless, watery abyss (Sheol) or a fiery pit in the bowels of the earth (Hell). Chaos has several incarnations: at times it is presented as a dragon or water monster who joins in primordial combat with a cultural hero; in other cases it is personified as the devil. When historicized, it is represented by Israel's enemies, such as the Egyptians in the Red Sea episode of Exodus 15. Not only primeval disorder, but all disruptive forces that periodically threaten the world are manifestations of chaos: hurricane, flood, fire, earthquake, famine, war, crime, and death. It cannot be forever annihilated, but only suppressed for a limited time. The victories of order remain more or less precarious; at best, chaos can be held at bay, forced to retreat to the marginal areas that surround the world of light.
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Blyton, Michaela D. J., Hongfei Pi, Belinda Vangchhia, Sam Abraham, Darren J. Trott, James R. Johnson, and David M. Gordon. "Genetic Structure and Antimicrobial Resistance of Escherichia coli and Cryptic Clades in Birds with Diverse Human Associations." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 81, no. 15 (May 22, 2015): 5123–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00861-15.
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ABSTRACTThe manner and extent to which birds associate with humans may influence the genetic attributes and antimicrobial resistance of their commensalEscherichiacommunities through strain transmission and altered selection pressures. In this study, we determined whether the distribution of the differentEscherichia coliphylogenetic groups and cryptic clades, the occurrence of 49 virulence associated genes, and/or the prevalence of resistance to 12 antimicrobials differed between four groups of birds from Australia with contrasting types of human association. We found that birds sampled in suburban and wilderness areas had similarEscherichiacommunities. TheEscherichiacommunities of backyard domestic poultry were phylogenetically distinct from theEscherichiacommunities sourced from all other birds, with a large proportion (46%) of poultry strains belonging to phylogenetic group A and a significant minority (17%) belonging to the cryptic clades. Wild birds sampled from veterinary and wildlife rehabilitation centers (in-care birds) carriedEscherichiaisolates that possessed particular virulence-associated genes more often thanEscherichiaisolates from birds sampled in suburban and wilderness areas. TheEscherichiaisolates from both the backyard poultry and in-care birds were more likely to be multidrug resistant than theEscherichiaisolates from wild birds. We also detected a multidrug-resistantE. colistrain circulating in a wildlife rehabilitation center, reinforcing the importance of adequate hygiene practices when handling and caring for wildlife. We suggest that the relatively high frequency of antimicrobial resistance in the in-care birds and backyard poultry is due primarily to the use of antimicrobials in these animals, and we recommend that the treatment protocols used for these birds be reviewed.
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Bowman, D. M. J. S., Owen Price, P. J. Whitehead, and Angie Walsh. "The 'wilderness effect' and the decline of Callitris intratropica on the Arnhem Land Plateau, northern Australia." Australian Journal of Botany 49, no. 5 (2001): 665. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt00087.
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An aerial survey along a transect from eastern side of the Arnhem Land Plateau where Aboriginal people still lead a semi-traditional lifestyle, to the unoccupied western side of the Plateau, revealed systematic differences in the proportion of living and dead Callitris intratropica trees. Multiple regression analysis showed that the highest proportion of dead C. intratropica stems occurred on unoccupied, level terrain dominated by open Eucalyptus forests, with a minor or complete absence of Allosyncarpia ternata closed-canopy forests. A detailed study of one population of C. intratropica in western Arnhem Land adjacent to a small patch of A. ternata forest, known as Round Jungle, showed that the population had a unimodal size-class distribution, reflecting a low density of stems less than 10 cm in diameter at breast height (dbh). A computer simulation model was developed on the basis of estimates of annual fecundity, mortality and growth rates derived from observations of the stand. Sensitivity analyses suggested that a well-stocked stand could be transformed to one similar to that observed at Round Jungle after 50 years, if annual mortality rate of the immature stems (i.e. <12 cm dbh) was greater than 85%. Under these conditions, the stand would become extinct after 325 years. Variation in estimates of mature-stem (>12 cm dbh) mortality and fecundity had much less effect on the predictions of the model than the rate of mortality of the smallest size class. The model suggests that C. intratropica populations can rapidly fluctuate in response to changes in fire regime, while extinction is a gradual process and is consequently unlikely if some seedlings can escape burning, for instance by establishing in fire-protected microsites. This conclusion is consistent with the observed greater mortality of C. intratropica on sand sheets that have little topographic variability at the micro- or mesoscale, compared with other habitat types in areas that are currently unoccupied by Aboriginal people. Our study shows that predicting the fate of individual populations will require careful consideration of local factors such as the presence of micro-topographically safe sites for seedling establishment, as well as the surrounding pattern of vegetation and landforms that mediate the impact of fire on C. intratropica. However, we suggest that rather than refining details of the adjustment of C. intratropica in response to changed fire regimes associated with European colonisation, subsequent research should focus on the effect and significance of these changes for other organisms.
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Potts, J. M., N. J. Beeton, D. M. J. S. Bowman, G. J. Williamson, E. C. Lefroy, and C. N. Johnson. "Predicting the future range and abundance of fallow deer in Tasmania, Australia." Wildlife Research 41, no. 8 (2014): 633. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr13206.
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Context Since the introduction of fallow deer (Dama dama) to Tasmania in the early 1830s, the management of the species has been conflicted; the species is partially protected as a recreational hunting resource, yet simultaneously recognised as an invasive species because of its environmental impact and the biosecurity risk that it poses. The range and abundance of fallow deer in Tasmania has evidently increased over the past three decades. In the 1970s, it was estimated that ~7000–8000 deer were distributed in three distinct subpopulations occupying a region of ~400 000 ha (generally centred around the original introduction sites). By the early 2000s, the estimated population size had more than tripled to ~20 000–30 000 deer occupying 2.1 million ha. No study has attempted to predict what further growth in this population is likely. Aims The purpose of our study was to provide a preliminary estimate of the future population range and abundance of fallow deer in Tasmania under different management scenarios. Methods We developed a spatially explicit, deterministic population model for fallow deer in Tasmania, based on estimates of demographic parameters linked to a species distribution model. Spatial variation in abundance was incorporated into the model by setting carrying capacity as a function of climate suitability. Key results On the basis of a conservative estimate of population growth for the species, and without active management beyond the current policy of hunting and crop protection permits, abundance of fallow deer is estimated to increase substantially in the next 10 years. Uncontrolled, the population could exceed 1 million animals by the middle of the 21st century. This potential increase is a function both of local increase in abundance and extension of range. Conclusions Our results identify areas at high risk of impact from fallow deer in the near future, including ecologically sensitive areas of Tasmania (e.g. the Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Area). Implications The research approach and results are presented as a contribution to debate and decisions about the management of fallow deer in Tasmania. In particular, they provide a considered basis for anticipating future impacts of deer in Tasmania and prioritising management to mitigate impact in ecologically sensitive areas.
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Dragovich, Deirdre, and Sunil Bajpai. "Managing Tourism and Environment—Trail Erosion, Thresholds of Potential Concern and Limits of Acceptable Change." Sustainability 14, no. 7 (April 4, 2022): 4291. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14074291.
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Natural area tourism may contribute to deterioration in biophysical environments important for sustainable conservation of biodiversity and/or historically significant sites. Levels of protection within the IUCN guidelines provide general descriptors of desirable outcomes, and the Limits of Acceptable Change (LAC) management tool has often been implicitly applied. This article presents an initial attempt to assess the value of Thresholds of Potential Concern (TPC) relative to LAC as management frameworks for protected areas, using the example of trail width as an indicator of visitor impacts on vegetation, soil, water and, potentially, visitor safety. Visitor preferences relating to trail width were incorporated when applying the TPC and LAC principles. Sections of three walking trails in a high-visitation national park near Sydney, Australia, were measured at ~10.7 m intervals: the mean trail widths were 1.6 m, 1.8 m and 2.14 m. Of the 115 recreationists surveyed, 16% of those having the greatest tolerance towards management interventions (‘Non-purist’ wilderness category) viewed a trail ≥ 2 m wide as acceptable, but 96% of ‘Purists’ nominated a maximum of ≤1.5 m. The TPC was found to provide a broad strategy for identification, assessment and grading of multiple biophysical thresholds within an ecological framework. Combined with stakeholder information, the TPC allows for timely, proactive and calibrated management responses to maintaining biophysical and social sustainability.
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Damiens, Florence LP, Aidan Davison, and Benjamin Cooke. "Professionalisation and the spectacle of nature: Understanding changes in the visual imaginaries of private protected area organisations in Australia." Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space, October 18, 2022, 251484862211294. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/25148486221129418.
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Imaginaries of protected areas as state-based fortresses have been challenged by expansion of the global nature conservation estate on non-government lands, notably in contexts such as Australia where neoliberal reform has been strong. Little is known about the implications of this change for the meanings, purposes and practices of nature conservation. Images are central to public understandings of nature conservation. We thus investigate the visual communication of environmental non-government organisations (ENGOs) involved in private protected areas in Australia, with particular focus on Bush Heritage Australia (BHA). We employ a three-part design encompassing quantitative and qualitative methods to study the visual imaginaries underlying nature conservation in BHA's magazines and the web homepages of it and four other ENGOs over 2004–2020. We find that visual imaginaries changed across time, as ENGOs went through an organisational process of professionalisation comprising three dynamics: legitimising, marketising, and differentiating. An imaginary of dedicated Western volunteer groups protecting scenic wilderness was replaced by the spectacle of uplifting and intimate individual encounters with native nature. Amenable to working within rather than transforming dominant political-economic structures, the new imaginary empowers professional ENGOs and their partners as primary carers of nature. It advertises a mediated access to spectacular nature that promises positive emotions and redemption for environmental wrongs to financial supporters of ENGOs. These findings reveal the role of non-government actors under neoliberal conditions in the use of visual representations to shift the meanings, purposes and practices of nature conservation.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Wilderness areas Australia Mythology"
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Holloway, Geoff. "Access to power : the organisational structure of the wilderness conservation and anti-nuclear movements in Australia /." 1991. http://adt.lib.utas.edu.au/public/adt-TU20060330.120349.
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Smith, Annabel L. "Reptile dispersal and demography after fire : process-based knowledge to assist fire management for biodiversity." Phd thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/149596.
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The disruption of natural fire regimes has threatened animal species in many ecosystems around the world. A combination of prescribed burning and fire suppression is often used to promote successional variation in vegetation (i.e. fire mosaics), with little knowledge of how this will affect animal persistence. Understanding the processes that govern species responses to fire regimes is essential to build a predictive capacity for ecological fire management. I examined life-history, demographic (survival, reproduction and mortality) and dispersal attributes of reptiles to investigate mechanisms of fire responses in reptiles. I studied reptiles in conservation reserves of semi-arid southern Australia dominated by mallee vegetation (multi-stemmed Eucalyptus spp. with a shrubby understory). An introduction describes the ecological and management context of my research (Chapter 1). A community-level framework was used to determine if a generalised model of fire responses could be developed based on traits shared by groups of species (Chapters 2-3). I found a number of fire responses in reptiles that were previously undetected in analyses of smaller, but substantial subsets of the same data (Chapter 2). Nocturnal burrowers tended to be early-successional, while diurnal leaf-litter dwellers tended to be late successional, but a trait-based model of succession had limited power to describe responses among the community. I also documented some observations that suggested non-burrowing reptiles were more vulnerable to mortality during wildfire than burrowers (Chapter 3). A species-level framework was then used to examine variation in demographic and dispersal attributes within species among different post-fire successional stages (Chapters 4-7). These studies focussed on three species with significant and contrasting responses to fire: Amphibolurus norrisi (Agamidae; mid/late successional species), Ctenotus atlas (Scincidae; late successional) and Nephrurus stellatus (Gekkonidae; early/mid successional).
Using mark-recapture modelling (Chapter 4), I described changes in abundance of N. stellatus that incorporated detectability, and showed that variation in survival and fecundity are possible drivers of this species strong population response to fire. Microsatellite DNA data were then used to examine gene flow in the three target species and gain insights into the effects of fire on dispersal. Chapter 5 begins this section with a description of the markers I used to generate the genetic data. I then used spatial models of landscape resistance to assess the importance of post-fire succession and other landscape features (e.g. topography) on gene flow in the three species (Chapters 6 and 7). For N. stellatus these analyses were combined with direct observations of movement (Chapter 6). Results showed that long-unburnt vegetation restricts dispersal in N. stellatus, which may result from, or contribute to its decline in population density with increasing time since fire. In Chapter 7 I found that fire affected gene flow in A. norrisi, but not in C. atlas, while genetic diversity in both species was affected by post-fire succession.
My thesis demonstrated how examining demographic and dispersal attributes of reptiles can give insights into the mechanisms underlying species responses to fire. I concluded by providing management recommendations and highlighting key points for future research on fire ecology (Chapter 8). -- provided by Candidate.
Books on the topic "Wilderness areas Australia Mythology"
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Celebrating Kakadu, Australia. Paddington, Qld: Steve Parish, 1992.
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Adventuring in Australia. San Francisco: Sierra Club Books, 1990.
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Adventuring in Australia: New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, victoria, Western Australia. 2nd ed. San Francisco: Sierra Club Books, 1999.
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Wilby, Sorrel. Surviving Australia: A practical guide to staying alive. New York: Pocket Books, 2001.
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Keneally, Thomas. Içdenizin kadini. Istanbul: Inkilâp Kitabevi, 1995.
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Keneally, Thomas. Woman of the inner sea. London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1992.
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Brown, A. J. Keeping the land alive: Aboriginal people and wilderness protection in Australia. Sydney: Wilderness Society [and] Environmental Defender's Office, 1992.
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Australia: Beyond any price. Sydney: Pan Macmillan Australia, 2001.
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Keneally, Thomas. Woman of the inner sea. New York: Nan A. Talese, 1993.
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Keneally, Thomas. Woman of the inner sea. New York: Plume, 1994.
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