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Journal articles on the topic 'Wilderness area monitoring'
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1
Kohl, Ingrid. "Management in the Dürrenstein Wilderness Area – How much human intervention can the wilderness tolerate?" eco.mont (Journal on Protected Mountain Areas Research) 3, no. 1 (2011): 51–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1553/eco.mont-3-1s51.
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Garcia, Francisco Javier Gómez-Limón, and Jose Vicente de Lucio Fernandez. "Recreational Use Model in a Wilderness Area." Journal of Environmental Management 40, no. 2 (February 1994): 161–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jema.1994.1012.
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Tverijonaite, Edita, Anna Dóra Sæþórsdóttir, Rannveig Ólafsdóttir, and C. Michael Hall. "Renewable Energy in Wilderness Landscapes: Visitors’ Perspectives." Sustainability 11, no. 20 (October 19, 2019): 5812. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11205812.
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Increasing the share of renewable energy in the energy mix is of crucial importance for climate change mitigation. However, as renewable energy development often changes the visual appearance of landscapes and might affect other industries relying on them, such as nature-based tourism, it therefore requires careful planning. This is especially true in Iceland, a country rich in renewable energy resources and a popular nature-based tourism destination. The present study investigated the potential impacts on tourism of the proposed Hverfisfljót hydropower plant by identifying the main attractions of the area as well as by analyzing visitors’ perceptions, preferences and attitudes, and the place meanings they assign to the landscape of the area. The data for the study were collected using onsite questionnaire surveys, interviews with visitors to the area, open-ended diaries, and participant observation. The results reveal that the area of the proposed power plant is perceived as wilderness by its visitors, who seek environmental settings related to the components of a wilderness experience. Visitors were highly satisfied with the present settings and preferred to protect the area from development to ensure the provision of currently available recreational opportunities. The results further show that the proposed Hverfisfljót hydropower plant would reduce the attractiveness of the area to its visitors, degrade their wilderness experience, and therefore strongly reduce their interest in visiting the area. Moreover, the participants perceived the already developed lowlands of the country as more suitable for renewable energy development than the undeveloped highland areas, which is in line with the principles of smart practices for renewable energy development.
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Dixon, Grant, Martin Hawes, and Glen McPherson. "Monitoring and modelling walking track impacts in the Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Area, Australia." Journal of Environmental Management 71, no. 4 (July 2004): 305–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2004.02.006.
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Ahn, Junho, Akshay Mysore, Kati Zybko, Caroline Krumm, Sravan Thokala, Xinyu Xing, Ming Lian, Richard Han, Shivakant Mishra, and Thompson Hobbs. "WildSense: Monitoring Interactions among Wild Deer in Harsh Outdoor Environments Using a Delay-Tolerant WSN." Journal of Sensors 2016 (2016): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1693460.
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Biologists and ecologists often monitor the spread of disease among deer in the wild by using tracking systems that record their movement patterns, locations, and interaction behavior. The existing commercial systems for monitoring wild deer utilize collars with GPS sensors, deployed on captured and rereleased deer. The GPS sensors record location data every few hours, enabling researchers to approximate the interaction behavior of tracked deer with their GPS locations. However, the coarse granularity of periodically recorded GPS location data provides only limited precision for determining deer interaction behavior. We have designed a novel system to monitor wild deer interaction behavior more precisely in harsh wilderness environments. Our system combines the functionalities of both GPS and RF-radio sensors with low-cost and minimal-resource motes. We designed and built our system to be able to operate robustly for a period of up to several months for continual tracking and monitoring of the locations and interaction behaviors of wild deer in harsh environments. We successfully deployed six deer collars on six wild deer that were captured and rereleased in the Soapstone Prairie Natural Area of northern Colorado over a one-month period. In this paper, we describe how we designed and built this system and evaluate its successful operation in a wilderness area.
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Johnston, Jennifer R., Mark D. Needham, Lori A. Cramer, Christine S. Olsen, and Thomas C. Swearingen. "Public perceptions of marine wilderness as a marine protected area designation." Ocean & Coastal Management 178 (August 2019): 104873. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2019.104873.
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McDonald, A. T., P. J. Chapman, and K. Fukasawa. "The microbial status of natural waters in a protected wilderness area." Journal of Environmental Management 87, no. 4 (June 2008): 600–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2007.10.007.
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Garland, Gerald G., Christine Hudson, and Jane Blackshaw. "An Approach to the Study of Path Erosion in the Natal Drakensberg, a Mountain Wilderness Area." Environmental Conservation 12, no. 4 (1985): 337–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900034457.
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Footpath erosion in mountain wilderness areas is generally undesirable, and maintenance and rehabilitation of eroded paths are costly. Although path erosion results from a complex interactioin between recreational and geomorphological forces and each path's resistance, the processes involved are not well understood.
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Marks, Beth C., and James N. Barnes. "The Future of Antarctica under the Environmental Protocol." Journal of Environment & Development 2, no. 2 (June 1993): 169–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107049659300200211.
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The continent of Antarctica holds immense value as a wilderness area and a repository of scientific knowledge. This report maintains that the Protocol to the Antarctic Treaty on Environmental Protection, signed in 1991, is a positive first step in ensuring that Antarctica preserves its status as a global scientific laboratory, wildlife refuge, and arena for international cooperation.
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Khitun, Olga V., Tatiana M. Koroleva, Svetlana V. Chinenko, Vladislav V. Petrovsky, Elena B. Pospelova, Igor N. Pospelov, and Andrei Zverev. "Applications of local floras for floristic subdivision and monitoring vascular plant diversity in the Russian Arctic." Arctic Science 2, no. 3 (September 2016): 103–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/as-2015-0010.
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The local flora method has been used by Russian botanists for studying vast wilderness areas. The method strives to determine the total flora within a certain limited area and provides comparable data for spatial comparisons between different locations and temporal comparisons at the same location. Complete vascular plant diversity was sampled in 240 localities with an area between 100 and 300 km2 each throughout the Russian Arctic. These data were incorporated in a specially developed Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). This database provides a unique opportunity to study spatial gradients of different floristic variables. Pairwise similarity of species composition and proportions of various phytogeographical groups in local floras were used in a floristic subdivision of the Russian Arctic. The floristic units derived by this method often resembled subprovinces of B.A. Yurtsev (1994. J. Veg. Sci. 5(6): 765–776), but there were also several areas of nonalignment. Application of local floras for monitoring of temporal changes has several constraints. However, nine local floras were revisited 20–70 years after the initial survey. Increases in the number of Boreal and Hypoarctic species were recorded in the southern local floras. Standardized methods and the use of modern technical tools for accurate documentation could enable use of this approach at observatories across the Arctic.
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Aiken, S. Robert. "Struggling to Save Malaysia's Endau–Rompin Rain Forest, 1972–92." Environmental Conservation 20, no. 2 (1993): 157–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900037668.
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The protracted dispute over the fate of the Endau-Rompin rain-forest in southern Peninsular Malaysia is outlined. Attention is focused on why a proposal to create an Endau-Rompin national park was eventually abandoned, on what has been done of late to protect the wilderness region, and on what has been learned from the dispute. The main points are as follows:1. Endau-Rompin is one of the last-remaining extensive tracts of largely undisturbed rain-forest in southern Peninsular Malaysia.2. The Third Malaysia Plan 1976–1980 incorporated an earlier proposal to create a national park in the Endau-Rompin region.3. A controversy erupted in 1977 when the state govern ment of Pahang approved a logging concession in the core area of the proposed park.4. Logging ceased in 1978, but in spite of the preparation of a preliminary management plan and the passage of the National Parks Act (both in 1980), a national park was not created.5. The 1985–6 ‘Malaysian Heritage and Scientific Expedition’ to Endau—Rompin focused a great deal of public attention on the wilderness region, but still a national park was not created.6. In mid-1987 it was announced that there would be two adjoining state parks, not a national park, in the Endau-Rompin region.7. The proposal to create a national park came to nothing because Pahang and Johor were unwilling to surrender their jurisdiction over their respective components of the required land to the Federal Government, and because the latter made no attempt to acquire the land in the national interest.8. A state park has been established in the Johor part of the wilderness region, but the promised adjoining state park in Pahang has yet to be established. It would appear that the two parts of the protected area will be managed separately, with eco-tourism as an important focus.9. For more than fifteen years the Malayan Nature Society has played a key role in the struggle to save the wilderness region.10. The Endau-Rompin dispute revealed that NGOs such as the Malayan Nature Society can play a key role in the environmental arena, that ever-increasing competition for scarce natural resources makes it increasingly unlikely that new protected areas will be established, and that the protection and management of Malaysia's natural heritage is greatly confounded by the constitutional division of powers between the Federal and state governments.
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Cameron, Robert P. "Twenty years of ecological research in Nova Scotia wilderness areas and nature reserves: A review of studies, 2002 to 2022." Proceedings of the Nova Scotian Institute of Science (NSIS) 52, no. 2 (September 29, 2022): 257. http://dx.doi.org/10.15273/pnsis.v52i2.11497.
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The following paper is a review of the research undertaken over the last twenty years in Wilderness Areas and Nature Reserves in Nova Scotia. A brief summary is presented of the main findings of each research project conducted by the author or contributed to by the author in a significant way. Inventories have included eleven bioblitzes and over four thousand plots from systematic transects. These have revealed significant new records for species including those of conservation concern. Results suggest there are many species than have not been identified in protected areas. Geographical Information System (GIS) Ecological Land Classification was completed for Nova Scotia and this led to ecosystem gap analysis to determine ecosystems that are not well represented in the current protected areas system. Long-term monitoring, using biodiversity transects and lichens, indicates that air quality is good throughout the protected areas system. Forests are returning to a more climax condition and with the exception of a few instances, non-native plants are generally not problematic. Carbon modeling of protected areas suggests that they will be a carbon sink for the next one hundred years and would be a carbon source if managed for forestry. Protected areas are well suited to provide ideal optimal settings in which climate change adaptation and mitigation can take place. Planning for climate change within protected areas can be facilitated by a Climate Change Adaptation Framework.Research on species of special concern in protected areas has included turtles, Mainland Moose, Canada Lynx, America Marten, Lichens, Atlantic Coastal Plain Flora, forest plants and Piping Plover. Research on rare, sensitive, vulnerable ecosystems has involved predictive modeling and identification and characterization of heathlands, forest wetlands and Jack pine woodlands. Old Growth Forest research has included predictive modeling, biological inventories, dendrochronology studies and scoring using indicators. Human activities adjacent to protected areas can cause deleterious edge effects. An ongoing study in the Cloud Lake Wilderness Area is measuring the effect of adjacent forestry on birds and plants within the Wilderness Area. Several studies on connectivity have looked at the increase in connectivity caused by the establishment of protected areas in Nova Scotia. Other efforts on connectivity have identified key nodes of connectivity within the province which require protection. Human use of protected areas can lead to damage of ecosystems and so investigations on human use of protected areas has been focussed on motorized vehicles and to a lesser extent on human foot traffic. Although there have been many ecological studies in protected areas over the last twenty years, it is evident that there still is a great deal that is unknown about the biodiversity of protected areas.
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Svajda, J., S. Korony, I. Brighton, S. Esser, and S. Ciapala. "Trail impact monitoring in Rocky Mountain National Park, USA." Solid Earth Discussions 7, no. 4 (November 6, 2015): 3117–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/sed-7-3117-2015.
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Abstract. This paper examines impacts of increased visitation leading to human trampling of vegetation and soil along several trails in Rocky Mountain National Park (RMNP) to understand how abiotic factors and level of use can influence trail conditions. RMNP is one of the most visited national parks in the USA with 3.3 million visitors in 2012 across 1075 km2 and 571 km of hiking trails. 95 % of the park is designated wilderness making the balance between preservation and visitor use challenging. This research involves the application of trail condition assessments to 56 km of trails to determine prevailing factors and what, if any, connection between them exist. The study looked at a variety of inventory and impact indicators and standards to determine their importance and to develop a baseline condition of trails. The data can be used for future comparison and evaluation of development trends. We found that trail widening (mean trail width 88.9 cm) and soil loss (cross sectional area 172.7 cm2) are the most visible effects of trail degradation. Further statistical analyses of data identified the role and influence of various factors (e.g. use level and topography). Insights into the influence of these factors can lead to the selection of appropriate management measures to avoid or minimize negative consequences from increased visitation.
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Svajda, J., S. Korony, I. Brighton, S. Esser, and S. Ciapala. "Trail impact monitoring in Rocky Mountain National Park, USA." Solid Earth 7, no. 1 (January 26, 2016): 115–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/se-7-115-2016.
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Abstract. This paper examines impacts of increased visitation leading to human trampling of vegetation and soil along several trails in Rocky Mountain National Park (RMNP) to understand how abiotic factors and level of use can influence trail conditions. RMNP is one of the most visited national parks in the USA, with 3.3 million visitors in 2012 across 1075 km2 and 571 km of hiking trails. 95 % of the park is designated wilderness, making the balance between preservation and visitor use challenging. This research involves the application of trail condition assessments to 56 km of trails to determine prevailing factors and what, if any, connection between them exist. The study looked at a variety of inventory and impact indicators and standards to determine their importance and to develop a baseline condition of trails. The data can be used for future comparison and evaluation of development trends. We found that trail widening (mean trail width 88.9 cm) and soil loss (cross-sectional area 172.7 cm2) are the most visible effects of trail degradation. Further statistical analyses of data identified the role and influence of various factors (e.g., use level and topography). Insights into the influence of these factors can lead to the selection of appropriate management measures to avoid or minimize negative consequences from increased visitation.
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Halstead, John M., Bruce E. Lindsay, and Cindy M. Brown. "Use of the tobit model in contingent valuation: Experimental evidence from the Pemigewasset Wilderness Area." Journal of Environmental Management 33, no. 1 (July 1991): 79–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0301-4797(05)80049-0.
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Marsden-Smedley, Jon B., and Jamie B. Kirkpatrick. "Fire management in Tasmania's Wilderness World Heritage Area: Ecosystem restoration using Indigenous-style fire regimes?" Ecological Management and Restoration 1, no. 3 (December 2000): 195–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1442-8903.2000.00052.x.
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Bradbury, Jason, Phillip Cullen, Grant Dixon, and Michael Pemberton. "Monitoring and management of streambank erosion and natural revegetation on the lower Gordon River, Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Area, Australia." Environmental Management 19, no. 2 (March 1995): 259–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02471995.
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Motas, Miguel, Silvia Jerez, Marta Esteban, Francisco Valera, José Javier Cuervo, and Andrés Barbosa. "Mercury Levels in Feathers of Penguins from the Antarctic Peninsula Area: Geographical and Inter-Specific Differences." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 18 (September 21, 2021): 9918. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189918.
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Polar regions, symbols of wilderness, have been identified as potential sinks of mercury coming from natural and anthropogenic sources at lower latitudes. Changes in ice coverage currently occurring in some areas such as the Antarctic Peninsula could enhance these phenomena and their impacts on local biota. As long-lived species at the top of food chains, seabirds are particularly sensitive to this highly toxic metal with the capacity to be biomagnified. Specifically, their feathers can be useful for Hg monitoring since they mainly accumulate its most toxic and persistent form, methyl-Hg. To that end, feathers of gentoo (Pygoscelis papua), chinstrap (P. antarcticus), and Adélie penguins (P. adeliae) (n = 108) were collected by passive sampling in seven different locations throughout the Antarctic Peninsula area and analyzed by ICP-MS after microwave-digestion. More than 93% of the samples showed detectable Hg levels (range: 6.3–12,529.8 ng g−1 dry weight), and the highest ones were found in the feathers of chinstrap penguins from King George Island. Hg bioconcentration and biomagnification seem to be occurring in the Antarctic food web, giving rise to high but non-toxic Hg levels in penguins, similar to those previously found in Arctic seabirds.
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Pinto, Érica Ana, Ana Márcia Suarez-Fontes, Marcos André Vannier-Santos, and Helena Carla Castro. "Conceptions of Students from a Wilderness Area of a Continental Country about Sciences Practical Classes: A Brazilian Case Study." Creative Education 13, no. 10 (2022): 3374–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ce.2022.1310216.
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Devlin, Jane, and David V. Beresford. "Recent Range Records of Crayfish (Faxonius) From Far North Ontario, Canada." Freshwater Crayfish 28, no. 1 (December 15, 2023): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5869/fc.2023.v28-1.63.
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Abstract The Far North region of Ontario, Canada, is a wilderness area comprising 451,808 square kilometers of intact boreal forest and wetlands. Until the work presented here the most recent extensive survey for crayfish in the Far North region of Ontario was conducted in 1963. We sampled 81 locations across the Far North region of northern Ontario and the Hudson Bay Lowlands, Canada from 2009 to 2014 catching 96 specimens from 2 species: Faxonius virilis (Hagen) (92) and Faxonius propinquus (Girard) (4) These records define the northern boundary of freshwater crayfish. Unlike much of North America, species records were consistent with surveys conducted over 55 years ago. The Far North region of Ontario is facing proposed development at a scale not seen before, and our records provide necessary baseline data for ecosystem and wildlife monitoring, understanding potential future impacts, and to support sustainable resource management.
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Boillat, Sébastien, Jean-David Gerber, Christoph Oberlack, Julie Zaehringer, Chinwe Ifejika Speranza, and Stephan Rist. "Distant Interactions, Power, and Environmental Justice in Protected Area Governance: A Telecoupling Perspective." Sustainability 10, no. 11 (October 30, 2018): 3954. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10113954.
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Equity has become a major concern in efforts to conserve nature. However, in the Global South, inequitable social impacts of conservation usually prevail. We investigate barriers to equitable governance of four protected areas through an innovative approach linking the tri-dimensional framing of environmental justice with the notion of telecoupling. We conceptualize the creation, support, and implementation of protected areas as telecoupling processes that involve flows, actors, and action situations, and assess them based on a set of indicators of procedural justice, distributive justice, and recognition. We perform the analysis for parallel or competing telecoupling processes that affect the areas and we then investigate the scope and reach of resistance actions to attain more equitable outcomes. Identified barriers include dependence of the PAs on transnational financial flows, presence of competing extractive demands, negative narratives on local practices, wilderness and Malthusian framings, authoritarian rule, narrow development options, and socio-cultural discrimination. These combined barriers create multiple forms of exclusion. Resistance actions are likely to succeed when actors can mobilize alliances and resources across distance. We conclude that justice framings can make power relationships in telecouplings more visible, and that considering distant interactions can elucidate causes of (in)equity in conservation.
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Bowman, David M. J. S., and Grant J. Williamson. "River Flows Are a Reliable Index of Forest Fire Risk in the Temperate Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Area, Australia." Fire 4, no. 2 (April 30, 2021): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fire4020022.
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Fire risk can be defined as the probability that a fire will spread across a landscape, that therefore determines the likely area burnt by a wildfire. Reliable monitoring of fire risk is essential for effective landscape management. Compilation of fire risk records enable identification of seasonal and inter-annual patterns and provide a baseline to evaluate the trajectories in response to climate change. Typically, fire risk is estimated from meteorological data. In regions with sparse meteorological station coverage environmental proxies provide important additional data source for estimating past and current fire risk. Here, we use a 60-year record of daily flows (ML day−1 past a fixed-point river gauge) from two rivers (Franklin and Davey) in the remote Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Area (TWWHA) to characterize seasonal patterns in fire risk in temperate Eucalyptus forests and rainforests. We show that river flows are strongly related to landscape soil moisture estimates derived from down-scaled re-analysis of meteorological data available since 1990. To identify river flow thresholds where forests are likely to burn, we relate river flows to known forest fires that have occurred in the previously defined ecohydrological domains that surround the Franklin and Davey catchments. Our analysis shows that the fire season in the TWWHA is centered on February (70% of all years below the median river flow threshold), with shoulders on December-January and March. Since 1954, forest fire can occur in at least one month for all but four summers in the ecohydrological domain that includes the Franklin catchment, and since 1964 fire could occur in at least one month in every summer in the ecohydrological domain that includes the Davey catchment. Our analysis shows that managers can use river flows as a simple index that indicates landscape-scale forest fire risk in the TWWHA.
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Christian, Colmore S., and Chelsea N. Scott. "Characteristics and Use Patterns of Outdoor Recreationists on Public Lands in Alabama—Case Study of Bankhead National Forest and Sipsey Wilderness Area." Resources 11, no. 3 (March 9, 2022): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/resources11030026.
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Like many other states in south-east USA, Alabama is blessed with a high percentage of natural areas. These areas support vital nature tourism and the outdoor recreation sector. This study was undertaken at the Bankhead National Forest (BNF) and Sipsey Wilderness Area (SWA), significant hubs for outdoor recreation in northwestern Alabama. The goal of this study was to collect baseline information that could be used to develop tools and strategies for increasing the diversity of users participating in outdoor recreation at BNF/SWA. A pretested questionnaire was administered to visitors at eight outdoor recreation sites in the BNF/SWA. Adults encountered at study locations were invited, after their visit, to participate in the study. The study found that (a) the majority of visitors to the BNF/SWA were Caucasians and the least encountered race was African American; (b) the most common reason for visiting BNF/SWA was for family outings, whereas activities with friends or coworkers were the second most important reason for visiting; (c) hiking (39.6%), camping (29.1%), picnicking (23.3%), and horseback riding (22.5%) were the most popular outdoor recreation activities pursued by visitors. It was concluded that a study aimed at identifying the constraints which negatively impact the use of the BNF/SWA by minorities should be a critical step in the process of trying to diversify the BNF/SWA’s user base. Increased efforts must be made to identify the reasons for the low usage of the BNF/SWA by minorities.
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Barrantes-Madrigal, Jimmy, Mónica Retamosa, Ricardo Bedoya-Arrieta, Adriana Valerio-Madrigal, and Jonathan Sánchez-Alpízar. "Caracterización acústica de fincas bajo pago por servicios ambientales en la Reserva Forestal Golfo Dulce, Costa Rica." Revista de Ciencias Ambientales 58, no. 2 (February 15, 2024): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.15359/rca.58-2.1.
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[Introduction]: In Latin America, the sensitive tropical biodiversity found outside of protected wilderness areas is under threat. In Costa Rica, the payment for environmental services (PSA) represents a mechanism to protect forests on private farms, but it lacks specific indicators on the state of biodiversity and forest conservation. [Objective]: To analyze the use of acoustic monitoring for ecosystem assessment at 11 sites in the Osa Peninsula, nine on private farms, and two sites within Corcovado National Park. [Methods]: Soundscapes were recorded from May 25 to June 1, 2021, using acoustic recorders. It was analyzed the behavior of six acoustic indices at each sampling site and applied an automated detection analysis of vocalizations of two representative bird species of the area. [Results]: It was found that the most fragmented sites presented higher activity, energy, and acoustic diversity, possibly due to edge effects and ecotones present, as well as a high forest component in the surrounding matrix. Automated vocalization detection indicated that the species Hylopezus perspicillatus turned out to be more sensitive to differences in the landscape than Trogon bairdii. [Conclusions]: The use of acoustic indices, although it associates features of the degree of conservation, was not a differentiating element of the quality of the ecosystem in the evaluated farms. The monitoring ofspecies through the detection of their vocalizations was promising. A careful and rigorous sampling design, with moresampling points per site, is recommended to achieve accurate measurements and avoid bias in the analysis.
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Lee, E. Scott. "Does a Competing Policy Solution Seen as Inevitable Open a Window in the Policy Stream? The Case of Idaho’s Boulder–White Cloud Mountains." Journal of Natural Resources Policy Research 9, no. 2 (December 2019): 103–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/naturesopolirese.9.2.0103.
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ABSTRACT The Multiple Streams Theory literature identifies mechanisms to open policy windows in the problem and political streams. A proposed policy deemed inevitable by stakeholders appears to open a policy window in the policy stream allowing policy entrepreneurs to successfully position the inevitable competing policy as the lesser of two evils. For over a decade, U.S. Representative Mike Simpson (R-ID) unsuccessfully introduced legislation to create additional wilderness, solidify existing recreational uses, provide local economic relief, and provide relief for ranchers in the Boulder–White Cloud Mountains area in central Idaho. The Obama administration’s proposal of a competing policy, the unilateral creation of a national monument pursuant to the Antiquities Act, appears to have opened a policy window that allowed Simpson to successfully propose his policy solution as the lesser of two evils. Policy entrepreneurs may use this method when faced with a policy proposal seen as inevitable but not necessarily best.
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Hagan, Donald L., Thomas A. Waldrop, Matthew Reilly, and Timothy M. Shearman. "Impacts of repeated wildfire on long-unburned plant communities of the southern Appalachian Mountains." International Journal of Wildland Fire 24, no. 7 (2015): 911. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf14143.
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The infrequent occurrence of large wildfires in the southern Appalachian Mountains over the last several decades has offered few opportunities to study their impacts. From 2000 to 2008, five wildfires burned a large portion of the area in and surrounding the Linville Gorge Wilderness in North Carolina. Areas were burned either once or twice. The response of acid cove and thermic oak plant communities (structure, cover, richness, diversity) was measured in 78 vegetation monitoring plots, established in 1992 and remeasured in 2010–11. Fire altered forest structure in both communities, resulting in the mortality of larger trees and increases in the abundance of smaller (<5 cm diameter at breast height (DBH)) stems. Burning twice decreased stem counts for mountain laurel (Kalmia latifolia) in both communities, whereas oaks (Quercus spp.) responded positively to burning twice in the thermic oak community. Table Mountain pine stem counts increased in acid cove and thermic oak communities burned once. Fire appears to promote princesstree (Paulownia tomentosa) invasion. Herbaceous species cover responded positively to fire (once or twice; both communities), with concurrent increases in woody species richness and diversity. Tree species composition in acid cove plots was not affected by burning, although some slight changes occurred in thermic oak plots burned twice.
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Holden, Zachary A., Penelope Morgan, and Jeffrey S. Evans. "A predictive model of burn severity based on 20-year satellite-inferred burn severity data in a large southwestern US wilderness area." Forest Ecology and Management 258, no. 11 (November 2009): 2399–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2009.08.017.
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Jenkins, David J., Andrew J. Murray, Andrew W. Claridge, Georgeanna L. Story, Helen Bradshaw, and Philip S. Craig. "The contribution of spotted-tailed quolls (Dasyurus maculatus) to the transmission of Echinococcus granulosus in the Byadbo Wilderness Area, Kosciuszko National Park, Australia." Wildlife Research 32, no. 1 (2005): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr03105.
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Scats were collected from 19 wild spotted-tailed quolls (Dasyurus maculatus) caught in a region of south-eastern mainland Australia where hydatidosis (Echinococcus granulosus) occurs commonly in swamp wallabies (Wallabia bicolour) and other wildlife. All scats were tested for coproantigens of E. granulosus tapeworms. None of the scats tested had detectable coproantigens of E. granulosus. These data and previous unsuccessful attempts to experimentally infect other species of dasyruid with E. granulosus suggest that spotted-tailed quolls may be refractory to infection with E. granulosus.
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Herman, Krzysztof, Leon Ciechanowski, and Aleksandra Przegalińska. "Emotional Well-Being in Urban Wilderness: Assessing States of Calmness and Alertness in Informal Green Spaces (IGSs) with Muse—Portable EEG Headband." Sustainability 13, no. 4 (February 19, 2021): 2212. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13042212.
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In this experiment, we operated within the novel research area of Informal Green Spaces (often called green wastelands), exploring emotional well-being with the employment of portable electroencephalography (EEG) devices. The apparatus (commercial EEG Muse headband) provided an opportunity to analyze states of calmness and alertness in n = 20 participants as they visited selected Informal Green Spaces in Warsaw, Poland. The article aims to test the hypothesis that passive recreation in Informal Green Spaces (IGSs) has a positive impact on emotional well-being and that there is a connection between the intensity of states of calmness and alertness and 1. the type of green space (IGS/GS), 2. the type of scenery and 3. the type of IGS. The preliminary experiment showed that there might be no substantial distinction in the users’ levels of emotional states when considering existing typologies. On the other hand, data-driven analysis suggests that there might be a connection between the state of alertness and some characteristics of specific areas. After carrying out the multivariate analyses of variance in the repeated measurement scheme and finding significant differences between oscillations in different areas, we conclude that there might be three possible sources of lower alertness and increased calmness in some areas. These are 1. the presence of “desirable” human intervention such as paths and urban furniture, 2. a lack of “undesirable” users and signs of their presence and 3. the presence of other “desirable” users.
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Phillips, M., and PC Catling. "Home Range and Activity Patterns of Red Foxes in Nadgee Nature Reserve." Wildlife Research 18, no. 6 (1991): 677. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9910677.
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Three adult red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in a 20-km2 wilderness area of coastal south-eastern Australia were studied during pre-denning and denning. Home ranges were defined by geographic featues, but not by roads. The foxes occupied exclusive home ranges, and observations suggest that they were territorial and existed alone or, at most, in mated pairs. Home-range sizes were small (1.2-5.2 km2) compared with those in North America and Europe, but similar to those in England and Wales. During denning the female's activity became almost entirely diurnal. When not active, the vixen was with the cubs. Male activity during denning was nocturnal, but, as found for the female, inactive periods were spent near the suspected den-site in his home range. Habitats that were frequented most by all foxes were those with the highest abundance of either small or medium-sized mammals. Dry sclerophyll forest was used consistently by all foxes but heathland and the beaches were rarely frequented. Small and medium-sized mammals, which were abundant in all habitats except the beach and heathland, made up 52.6% of items in the scats.
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Bartholomew, Megan K., Christopher J. Anderson, and Jacob F. Berkowitz. "Wetland Vegetation Response to Groundwater Pumping and Hydrologic Recovery." Wetlands 40, no. 6 (October 10, 2020): 2609–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13157-020-01383-5.
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AbstractAn investigation of wetland vegetation response to groundwater alteration was conducted at the J.B. Starkey Wilderness Park, a large municipal wellfield in the area of west Florida, USA. Decades of historic groundwater withdrawal had created a gradient of impacted wetlands on the wellfield, after which time the groundwater pumping rates were reduced. Nineteen cypress dome wetlands were grouped, based on their hydrologic histories, as either most-altered (least inundation), marginally-altered (intermediate inundation), or least-altered (near-normal inundation). Annual species–level monitoring data were used to evaluate understory plant community response to the hydrologic recovery that resulted from reduced groundwater pumping. Species richness, cover, prevalence index (PI), and species importance percentages were assessed during pre- (2005–2007) and post- (2012–2014) hydrologic recovery periods. The vegetation in marginally- and most-altered wetlands responded to hydrologic recovery with increased species richness and lower PI values (i.e., greater hydrophytic character). However, species importance percentages indicated greater variation in the recovery of most-altered wetlands, where species composition often remained different from least-altered wetlands. Although reductions in groundwater pumping caused sufficient passive hydrologic recovery to elicit a vegetation response, further reductions and/or more time may be needed before the vegetation of some altered wetlands can become comparable to that of least-impacted wetlands.
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Guo, Zhicheng, and Yan Li. "Analysis of the Decisive Factors of Government Attracting Tourists in Public Management from the Perspective of Environmental Protection." Problemy Ekorozwoju 19, no. 1 (January 8, 2024): 285–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/preko.5414.
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Tourism is a critical sustainable social and economic activity that can empower local communities. The current study strived to explore decisive factors that might be used it promotes environmental protection. Governments worldwide might employ to improve conservation and the tourism sector. There is a need to sponsor more publications on tourism and the environment that provide rigor, insight, and significance. There is also a need to address critical impacts, including greenhouse gases for airlines, liquid wastes for cruise ships, water and energy conservation for urban hotels, vegetation clearance, and wildlife displacement for rural resorts, and a range of direct and indirect local impacts on plants and animals for nature-based and adventure tourism in parks and wilderness areas. Governments need to work on economic models that address; currency exchange rates; airfares and taxes; land tenure and wildlife ownership laws; transport infrastructure; police, quarantine, and border security; investment law; public protected-area systems; and a variety of social pressures and fashions. The most effective means to improve environmental management in tourism is through laws and regulations for development planning, pollution control, and protected areas. In developed nations, tourism threatens conservation as property developers push to build private facilities inside public protected areas. In developing nations, tourism is a tool to fund conservation in public parks and private or communal lands. Visitors to the public, and protected areas contribute political and financial capital to park agencies. A few private tourism operators have converted areas of private and communal land to conservation.
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Tuśnio, Norbert, and Wojciech Wróblewski. "The Efficiency of Drones Usage for Safety and Rescue Operations in an Open Area: A Case from Poland." Sustainability 14, no. 1 (December 29, 2021): 327. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14010327.
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The use of unmanned aerial systems (UAS) is becoming increasingly frequent during search and rescue (SAR) operations conducted to find missing persons. These systems have proven to be particularly useful for operations executed in the wilderness, i.e., in open and mountainous areas. The successful implementation of those systems is possible thanks to the potential offered by unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), which help achieve a considerable reduction in operational times and consequently allow a much quicker finding of lost persons. This is crucial to enhance their chances of survival in extreme conditions (withholding hydration, food and medicine, and hypothermia). The paper presents the results of a preliminary assessment of a search and rescue method conducted in an unknown terrain, where groups were coordinated with the use of UAVs and a ground control station (GCS) workstation. The conducted analysis was focused on assessing conditions that would help minimise the time of arrival of the rescue team to the target, which in real conditions could be a missing person identified on aerial images. The results of executed field tests have proven that the time necessary to reach injured persons can be substantially shortened if imaging recorded by UAV is deployed, as it considerably enhances the chance of survival in an emergency situation. The GCS workstation is also one of the crucial components in the search system, which assures image transmission from the UAV to participants of the search operation and radio signal amplification in a difficult terrain. The effectiveness of the search system was tested by comparing the arrival times of teams equipped with GPS and a compass and those not equipped with such equipment. The article also outlined the possibilities of extending the functionality of the search system with the SARUAV module, which was used to find a missing person in Poland.
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Dragovich, Deirdre, and Sunil Bajpai. "Managing Tourism and Environment—Trail Erosion, Thresholds of Potential Concern and Limits of Acceptable Change." Sustainability 14, no. 7 (April 4, 2022): 4291. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14074291.
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Natural area tourism may contribute to deterioration in biophysical environments important for sustainable conservation of biodiversity and/or historically significant sites. Levels of protection within the IUCN guidelines provide general descriptors of desirable outcomes, and the Limits of Acceptable Change (LAC) management tool has often been implicitly applied. This article presents an initial attempt to assess the value of Thresholds of Potential Concern (TPC) relative to LAC as management frameworks for protected areas, using the example of trail width as an indicator of visitor impacts on vegetation, soil, water and, potentially, visitor safety. Visitor preferences relating to trail width were incorporated when applying the TPC and LAC principles. Sections of three walking trails in a high-visitation national park near Sydney, Australia, were measured at ~10.7 m intervals: the mean trail widths were 1.6 m, 1.8 m and 2.14 m. Of the 115 recreationists surveyed, 16% of those having the greatest tolerance towards management interventions (‘Non-purist’ wilderness category) viewed a trail ≥ 2 m wide as acceptable, but 96% of ‘Purists’ nominated a maximum of ≤1.5 m. The TPC was found to provide a broad strategy for identification, assessment and grading of multiple biophysical thresholds within an ecological framework. Combined with stakeholder information, the TPC allows for timely, proactive and calibrated management responses to maintaining biophysical and social sustainability.
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Williams, Mark W., and Dave Manthorne. "Class I Areas at Risk: Event-Based Nitrogen Deposition to a High-Elevation, Western Site." Scientific World JOURNAL 1 (2001): 287–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2001.271.
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Between June 1, 2000 and September 30, 2000, 32 precipitation events were sampled near Telluride, CO at an elevation of 3200 m. The wet deposition site was operated following protocols of the Atmospheric Integrated Research Monitoring Network (AIRMoN), a network of the National Atmospheric Deposition Network (NADP). Inorganic nitrogen deposition at the Telluride site of 1.41 kg ha-1during the study period was 25 to 50% higher than nearby NADP sites. In turn, nitrogen deposition at these NADP sites was similar to high-elevation sites in and near the Colorado Front Range that have been shown to be impacted by atmospheric deposition of inorganic nitrogen in wetfall. Power plant emissions are a likely source of a major portion of this elevated inorganic nitrogen in wetfall to the San Juan Mountains. Principal component analysis (PCA) shows that solutes formed by gases that are emitted from power plants were clustered tightly together, including nitrate, ammonium, sulfate, and chloride. Trajectory analysis, including both backward and forward trajectories, shows that the air masses that contributed to the precipitation events with high amounts of nitrogen deposition at the Telluride site passed directly over or near power plants. Our results suggest that Class I Wilderness Areas in and near the San Juan Mountains are at risk to ecosystem impairment at present rates of atmospheric deposition of inorganic nitrogen in wetfall. Deployment of proposed power plants to this area will likely increase the risk of degradation of resource values in nearby Class I areas. While these data were collected over a short time span, they indicate that establishment of an official AIRMoN site in the southwestern U.S. may be warranted.
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Chrastina, Peter, Pavel Hronček, Bohuslava Gregorová, and Michaela Žoncová. "Land-Use Changes of Historical Rural Landscape—Heritage, Protection, and Sustainable Ecotourism: Case Study of Slovak Exclave Čív (Piliscsév) in Komárom-Esztergom County (Hungary)." Sustainability 12, no. 15 (July 28, 2020): 6048. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12156048.
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The landscape surrounding the village of Čív (Piliscsév in Hungarian) in the north of the Komárom-Esztergom County is part of the cultural heritage of the Slovaks in Hungary. This paper discusses the issue of the Čív landscape changes in the context of its use (historical land use). Between 1701 and 1709, new inhabitants began cultivating the desolated landscape of the Dorog Basin, which is surrounded by the Pilis Mountains. This paper aims to characterize the Slovak exclave Čív land use with an emphasis on the period from the beginning of the 18th century (Slovak colonization of the analyzed territory) to 2019. These findings subsequently lead to the evaluation of the stability of the cultural-historical landscape as an essential condition for the development of ecotourism in the cultural landscape. The study results show that a long-term stable cultural landscape has a similar potential for the development of ecotourism as a natural landscape (wilderness). Research conclusions were aimed at creating three proposals for the cultural landscape management of the study area, conceived by the fundamental pillars of ecotourism, which would lead to its stable and sustainable use in ecotourism.
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Ruwanza, Sheunesu. "The Edge Effect on Plant Diversity and Soil Properties in Abandoned Fields Targeted for Ecological Restoration." Sustainability 11, no. 1 (December 28, 2018): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11010140.
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Changes in biotic and abiotic factors may create opportunities for biodiversity recovery in abandoned agricultural fields. This study examined the natural/old field edge effect on plant diversity and soil properties at Lapalala Wilderness in Limpopo Province, South Africa. Detailed vegetation surveys and soil measurements were conducted in three old fields that share a natural/old field road edge boundary. On each site, three transects, each with four plots (10 × 10 m), located 10 m into the natural area and 10, 30 and 50 m into the old field from the edge, were setup. Plant diversity and composition measurements were conducted on each plot. Soil moisture and total N, C and P were measured at the center of each plot. Results indicate that abundance of some woody species was significantly (P < 0.001) higher close to the edge than far into the old fields. However, this was not the case for herbs and grasses which did not increase with edge proximity. All measured soil properties were significantly (P < 0.001) higher close to the edge than far into the old fields. The study concludes that both vegetation and soil properties are influenced by proximity to the edge.
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Grillo, Marco, Falk Huettmann, Letterio Guglielmo, and Stefano Schiaparelli. "Three-Dimensional Quantification of Copepods Predictive Distributions in the Ross Sea: First Data Based on a Machine Learning Model Approach and Open Access (FAIR) Data." Diversity 14, no. 5 (April 30, 2022): 355. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d14050355.
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Zooplankton is a fundamental group in aquatic ecosystems representing the base of the food chain. It forms a link between the lower trophic levels with secondary consumers and shows marked fluctuations in populations with environmental change, especially reacting to heating and water acidification. Marine copepods account for approx. 70% of the abundance of zooplankton and are a target of monitoring activities in key areas such as the Southern Ocean. In this study, we have used FAIR-inspired legacy data (dating back to the 1980s) collected in the Ross Sea by the Italian National Antarctic Program at GBIF.org. Together with other open-access GIS data sources and tools, it allows one to generate, for the first time, three-dimensional predictive distribution maps for twenty-six copepod species. These predictive maps were obtained by applying machine learning techniques to grey literature data, which were visualized in open-source GIS platforms. In a Species Distribution Modeling (SDM) framework, we used machine learning with three types of algorithms (TreeNet, RandomForest, and Ensemble) to analyze the presence and absence of copepods in different areas and depth classes as a function of environmental descriptors obtained from the Polar Macroscope Layers present in Quantartica. The models allow, for the first time, to map-predict the food chain per depth class in quantitative terms, showing the relative index of occurrence (RIO) in 3Dimensions and identifying the presence of each copepod species analyzed in the Ross Sea, a globally-relevant wilderness area of conservation concern. Our results show marked geographical preferences that vary with species and trophic strategy. This study demonstrates that machine learning is a successful method in accurately predicting the Antarctic copepod presence, also providing useful data to orient future sampling and the management of wildlife and conservation.
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Aizizi, Yimuranzi, Alimujiang Kasimu, Hongwu Liang, Xueling Zhang, Bohao Wei, Yongyu Zhao, and Maidina Ainiwaer. "Evaluation of Ecological Quality Status and Changing Trend in Arid Land Based on the Remote Sensing Ecological Index: A Case Study in Xinjiang, China." Forests 14, no. 9 (September 7, 2023): 1830. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f14091830.
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Ecosystems in arid areas are under pressure from human activities and the natural environment. Long-term monitoring and evaluation of arid ecosystems are essential for achieving the goal of sustainable development. The Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (Xinjiang) is a typical arid region located in Northwest China with a relatively sensitive ecosystem. Under the support of the Google Earth Engine (GEE) cloud platform’s massive data collection, the remote sensing ecological index (RSEI) from 2000 to 2020, both in summer and spring, is established, and the variation trend of the ecological quality in Xinjiang is evaluated by coefficient of variation (CV), Sen’s slope analysis, Mann–Kendall trend test (M–K test) and Hurst index. In addition, a partial correlation analysis is processed between RSEI and selected climatic factors, including precipitation and temperature, to find out the mode of correlation between ecological quality and the natural climate. In the last two decades the following has become apparent: (1) The RSEI values of Xinjiang have been relatively low and unstable both in summer and spring, with a trend toward increasing; (2) The distribution characteristics of RSEI levels both in summer and spring have been similar; low levels were concentrated in the desert and wilderness, while high levels were concentrated around the oasis; (3) The ecological quality in Xinjiang has been relatively stable, with a trend of sustained increase both in summer and spring. There was also a small area of sustained decrease around the Junggar Basin and Turpan Basin in summer and a small area of significant decrease in the center of the Taklamakan Desert in spring; (4) In summer, the precipitation has obviously positively correlated in the Southwest. The temperature has obviously positively correlated in the northwestern part; in spring, the precipitation has obviously positively correlated in the Western part; the temperature has obviously positively correlated in the oasis around the Yili River Basin and Tarim Basin.
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HUGHES, KEVIN A., JERÓNIMO LÓPEZ-MARTÍNEZ, JANE E. FRANCIS, J. ALISTAIR CRAME, LUIS CARCAVILLA, KAZUYUKI SHIRAISHI, TOMOKAZU HOKADA, and AKIRA YAMAGUCHI. "Antarctic geoconservation: a review of current systems and practices." Environmental Conservation 43, no. 2 (February 9, 2016): 97–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892915000387.
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SUMMARYThe prohibition of commercial mineral resource extraction through the Antarctic Treaty System has removed one significant source of potential damage to Antarctica's geological and geomorphological values. However, given the on-going increase in Antarctic tourism and scientific footprint, some high-quality geological features may be vulnerable to human impact, such as damage due to the construction of logistical facilities, unregulated collection of geological specimens or oversampling for scientific purposes. The Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty puts in place a framework for the protection of Antarctica's environmental, scientific, historic, wilderness and aesthetic values. However, the Antarctic Protected Area system is still immature and further implementation of existing management tools may be required to protect the diverse range of vulnerabilities, qualities and spatial scales represented in the geology and geomorphology of the continent. At sites where high-quality mineralogical or palaeontological specimens exist in limited quantities, considerations of how best to prevent oversampling and manage access to remaining material may be supported by assessment of cumulative impacts. Examination of the level of Antarctic specimen loans from a selection of national geological collections suggested that existing publically accessible geological collections could be better utilized, which could reduce environmental impact and oversampling at vulnerable Antarctic sites.
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ABDUL RAHMAN, MUHD NUR ISMAIL, AHMAD NORZAIMIE ROSLAN, SITI SYAZA AIMAN SEH WALI, NOR BAKHIAH BAHARIM, AZMAN ABDUL GHANI, and CHE AZIZ ALI. "PETROGRAPHIC FEATURES AND MODELLING OF SOME WATERFALL ROCKS IN KENYIR LAKE, TERENGGANU: A MICROSCOPIC PERSPECTIVE APPROACH IN SUSTAINABLE GEOTOURISM." JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABILITY SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT 18, no. 2 (February 28, 2023): 51–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.46754/jssm.2023.02.005.
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Waterfalls around Kenyir Lake, Terengganu, naturally serve as an iconic symbol of amazing rock bounded formation amidst the wilderness, which stores a hidden story for millions of years. The waterfalls feeding Kenyir Lake have become tourists’ main attractions since they are located separately on different islands. There are three naturally picturesque waterfalls worth sight-seeing in the study area, namely Sungai Buweh Waterfall, Lasir Waterfall and Saok Waterfall, which are made up of granitic rock bodies that emerged in the Eastern Belt during the Late Triassic. To date, the waterfall landscape displayed in any area concerning geotourism focuses more on outcrop architecture and geomorphological features but with limited accessibility to the rock records. Thus, this study is carried out to evaluate the geo-heritage features of the waterfall landscape and its rock-forming minerals. Four rock samples were carefully collected from the waterfalls and subsequently prepared for optical thin section petrography analysis using a polarised light microscope. The petrographic analysis will determine the precise mineral compositions, fabrics and microstructures under plane polarised light (PPL) and cross-polarised light (XPL) at different magnifications. In addition, petrographic modelling was constructed using integrated software Autodesk 3ds Max and Debrismaker 2.0 from optical microscopic data to help identify a microscopic mineral in detail so that the mineral becomes clear to both geologists and the public at large. Generally, this modelling will enlighten the public on the material embedded in the rocks, illustrate the importance of learning about a rock-forming mineral and bring this futuristic idea with Sustainable Development Goal 15 (SDG). Besides making geology an interesting field for young geologists and the public, this mineral affirms the beautiful scenery of waterfalls for tourism, thereby connecting the interrelationship between geotourism and nature. In this regard, the current study was carried out to evaluate the geo heritage features and use an interactive learning platform for interpreting rock-forming minerals and their function towards sustainable geo-tourism.
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RODRIGUES, LEONCIO GONÇALVES, ANA CÉLIA MAIA MEIRELES, and CARLOS WAGNER OLIVEIRA. "EMPREGO DO SENSORIAMENTO REMOTO PARA ANÁLISE DO USO E OCUPAÇÃO DO SOLO NO PERÍMETRO IRRIGADO VÁRZEAS DE SOUSA-PB." IRRIGA 1, no. 4 (December 23, 2021): 722–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.15809/irriga.2021v1n4p722-729.
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EMPREGO DO SENSORIAMENTO REMOTO PARA ANÁLISE DO USO E OCUPAÇÃO DO SOLO NO PERÍMETRO IRRIGADO VÁRZEAS DE SOUSA-PB LEONCIO GONÇALVES RODRIGUES1; ANA CÉLIA MAIA MEIRELES2 E CARLOS WAGNER OLIVEIRA3 1Mestrando em Desenvolvimento Regional Sustentável, Universidade Federal do Cariri-UFCA, Rua Ícaro Moreira de Sousa, nº 126, Muriti, 63130-025, Crato, Ceará, Brasil, leonmeid@gmail.com. 2 Professora titular do Programa de pós graduação em Desenvolvimento Regional Sustentável, Universidade Federal do Cariri-UFCA, Rua Ícaro Moreira de Sousa, nº 126, Muriti, 63130-025, Crato, Ceará, Brasil, ana.meireles@ufca.edu.br 3 Professor titular do Programa de pós graduação em Desenvolvimento Regional Sustentável, Universidade Federal do Cariri-UFCA, Rua Ícaro Moreira de Sousa, nº 126, Muriti, 63130-025, Crato, Ceará, Brasil, carlos.oliveira@ufca.edu.br 1 RESUMO O perímetro irrigado várzeas de Sousa (PIVAS) é um grande produtor de culturas como coco, banana, sorgo, algodão dentre outras. Tem grande importância para o desenvolvimento econômico da região do alto sertão da Paraíba. Possui características impares como a distribuição de água para todos os lotes por potencial gravitacional. Para a sustentabilidade do perímetro é necessário o monitoramento constante de suas áreas, para se poder desenvolver estratégias que auxiliam no desenvolvimento sustentável. Nesse sentido, o sensoriamento remoto é uma ferramenta ideal por permitir a obtenção rápida e precisa de informações sobre uma área, o que pode auxiliar na tomada de decisão. Partindo desse pressuposto, o objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar um conjunto de técnicas de sensoriamento que possibilitem o monitoramento de áreas irrigadas ou ambientais. Para tanto foi determinado do uso e ocupação do solo, o índice de vegetação por diferença normalizada (NDVI) e o índice de vegetação ajustado ao solo (SAVI) para o PIVAS. Onde se observou que as técnicas de sensoriamento remoto auxiliam na compreensão de áreas no espaço e tempo. Palavras-chave: monitoramento, manejo, satélite. RODRIGUES, L. G.; MEIRELES, A. C. M.; OLIVEIRA, C, W. USE OF REMOTE SENSING TO ANALYZE THE USE AND OCCUPANCY OF THE SOIL IN THE PERIMETER IRRIGATED VÁRZEAS DE SOUSA-PB. 2 ABSTRACT The floodplain-irrigated perimeter of Sousa (PIVAS) is a major producer of crops such as coconut, banana, sorghum, cotton, among others. It is of great importance for the economic development of the upper wilderness region of Paraiba. It has unique characteristics such as water distribution to all lots by gravitational potential. For the sustainability of the perimeter, constant monitoring of its areas is necessary, to be able to develop strategies that help in sustainable development. In this sense, remote sensing is an ideal tool as it allows for quick and accurate obtaining information about an area, which can help in decision making. Based on this assumption, this work aims to present a set of sensing techniques that enable monitoring of irrigated or environmental areas. For this purpose, the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and the soil-adjusted vegetation index (SAVI) were determined for the PIVAS. Where it was observed that remote sensing techniques help understand areas in space and time. Keywords: monitoring, management, satellite.
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Mocrei-Rebrean, Lucian. "The Lockean Proviso and Orbital Sustainability—An Anthropological View." Sustainability 14, no. 7 (March 25, 2022): 3909. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14073909.
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Over the last decades, we have witnessed the gradual commercialization of the Earth orbit. The exponential development of private space activities makes this distant natural field, with the overcoming of technological difficulties, more and more hospitable to free initiative and entrepreneurship. However, the orbital space is considered global commons. Through the imaginary case method, we intend to ponder on possible ways to legally regulate the exploitation of the orbital space, namely the application of Pigouvian taxes, on the sustainability of the orbital environment, through ethical considerations originating from the application of the Lockean proviso. Although they are designed to cover the damage caused by that particular polluting activity, which is difficult to estimate and, in our case, almost impossible to quantify in the long run, the Pigouvian taxes are the result of a proactive logic. The tension between civilization and nature turns the world outside the Earth into a wilderness destined for humanization, another area of exercise of the liberal self. Non-legal reasons for the sustainability of the orbital environment may arise from observing the Lockean principle of fair ownership. Between the prohibition of an unreasonable destruction of nature’s goods and the equitable access to extra-terrestrial resources, the human desire for appropriation updates the proviso destined for the colonization of America in the twenty-first century. Given that there are currently no plans to clean the technological waste in orbit, adopting the conservation of the orbital environment as an ethical principle could help to formulate a more environmentally responsible liberalism, as part of a long-term agenda of exploitation in the vicinity of our planet.
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Stark, Scott C., David Gardner, Ian Snape, and Ewan McIvor. "Assessment of contamination by heavy metals and petroleum hydrocarbons at Atlas Cove Station, Heard Island." Polar Record 39, no. 4 (October 2003): 397–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247403003206.
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Located on the northwest coast of Heard Island, a World Heritage-listed sub-Antarctic territory of Australia, Atlas Cove served as the site of the first permanently occupied Australian National Antarctic Research Expedition (ANARE) station (1947–55). Subsequent to its closure, Atlas Cove Station was abandoned and left largely to the mercy of the natural elements, although it has been visited and occupied on an infrequent basis by ANARE. All activities on the island are now subject to the provisions of the Heard Island Wilderness Reserve Management Plan. During 2000–2001 a major clean-up of the site was undertaken, with most of the remaining structures demolished and material collected for return to Australia and disposal. To assess the extent and intensity of contamination within the station area, soil and water samples were collected and analysed for petroleum hydrocarbons and heavy metals. Assessment of site contamination was made with reference to specific background control limits calculated for Atlas Cove Station, and comparison was also made with Australian and New Zealand guidelines for the protection of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Contamination by heavy metals is evident throughout the station but not at levels of sufficient magnitude to infer a significant potential toxic impact on local ecosystems. Hence remedial action to reduce the concentration and mobility of heavy metals in soil and water is not a high priority, although monitoring of changes at the site through time is recommended. Contamination by petroleum hydrocarbons is at a level that may cause a significant toxic impact on the environment and requires further investigation to assess impacts and possibly to undertake remedial action. Given the large quantity of petroleum-contaminated soil present, remediation processes that can be carried out in situ are likely to be the preferable clean-up options. The benefits of remediation, however, must be balanced against any negative effect this might exert on the plant and animal wildlife that have recolonised this historically important site.
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Gladden, James N. "Bioregionalism as an Arctic Wilderness Idea." Worldviews: Global Religions, Culture, and Ecology 3, no. 1 (1999): 51–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853599x00045.
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AbstractA recurrent question in the modem world is the place of people in nature, and bioregionalism offers some ideas in the debate over the kinds of technology that belong in Arctic wilderness areas, with a focus on northern Alaska. Some interests argue that people should only visit these areas, on foot or by paddle, to achieve a wilderness experience. Rural residents, most of whom are Alaska Natives, hold that access to these lands by motorised vehicles is essential to maintain hunting and gathering traditions. The debate over managing wilderness areas in northern Alaska originates in conflicting views of the meaning of wilderness. A bioregional vision offers some common ground in the idea of wilderness as a place of respect for non-human life forms, but political conflicts will not be easily resolved.
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Lesslie, Robert G., Brendan G. Mackey, and Kathryn M. Preece. "A Computer-based Method of Wilderness Evaluation." Environmental Conservation 15, no. 3 (1988): 225–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900029362.
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With ever-increasing demands being made on remote and natural lands, planners and managers require more detailed information than hitherto to assist them in monitoring the status of this wilderness resource and developing appropriate and effective management prescriptions. These requirements are addressed by a computer-based wilderness evaluation procedure that has been developed for a national wilderness survey of Australia.The methodology, based on the wilderness continuum concept (Lesslie & Taylor, 1985), places emphasis on measuring variation in wilderness quality by using four indicators that represent the two essential attributes of remoteness and naturalness. This permits a precise assessment to be made of the wilderness resource, revealing those factors which contribute to or compromise wilderness quality. The computer-based storage and analysis of data enables surveys to be conducted over large, even continental, areas, yet at a relatively fine level of resolution that is appropriate to localized planning needs.Trial application to the State of Victoria, Australia, demonstrates that the survey procedure can be successfully adapted to a wide range of environments, use-patterns, data-base characteristics, and management objectives, which should be applicable and very widely useful elsewhere.
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Ried, Andrés, María Jesús Monteagudo, Pelayo Benavides, Anne Le Bon, Stephanie Carmody, and Rodrigo Santos. "Key Aspects of Leisure Experiences in Protected Wilderness Areas: Notions of Nature, Senses of Place and Perceived Benefits." Sustainability 12, no. 8 (April 16, 2020): 3211. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12083211.
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The main objective of this research was to contribute to the understanding of leisure experiences in protected wilderness areas. This was pursued through the interpretation and analysis of three variables; the personal notion of “Nature”, perception of benefits, and senses of place put forward by resident and non-resident visitors to three protected wilderness areas in southern Chile. Through a post hoc qualitative, in-depth interview with 36 subjects, connections between the aforementioned variables were established. Among the results, the strength with which the romantic notion of Nature appears linked with leisure experiences was highlighted. With the latter, leisure experiences in protected wilderness areas were identified as the generators of “benefits” and “sense of place”. Finally, four key dimensions of leisure experiences in protected wilderness areas emerged: transcendence, perception of well-being, connection and environmental awareness.
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Strus, Iurii, and Stephen Carver. "Developing a Wilderness Quality Index for Continental Europe." Land 13, no. 4 (March 27, 2024): 428. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land13040428.
Full textAbstract:
This paper presents an updated wilderness quality map, WQI 2.0, for Europe, which extends the existing map (WQI 1.0) to include non-EU states in Eastern Europe. The analysis utilizes the Google Earth Engine (GEE) cloud platform and incorporates contemporary datasets to assess wilderness quality across the continent. WQI 2.0 is compared to the previous version from the EU Wilderness register and global data from the WCS Human Influence Index (HII). Results indicate a high level of consistency between the versions, validating the robustness of the approach and the value of up-to-date datasets. WQI 2.0 serves as a valuable tool for developing a coordinated European policy on wilderness protection, encompassing both EU and non-EU states. By identifying areas outside current protected boundaries, the map helps to identify regions at risk of degradation and loss, due to resource exploitation. While small changes are seen between WQI 1.0 and WQI 2.0, expanding the coverage over the whole of continental Europe provides a foundation for the longer-term monitoring and evaluation of conservation targets. The findings contribute to meeting international commitments, such as the COP15 Kunming–Montreal Agreement and CBD targets, by highlighting the importance of preserving intact wilderness areas and increasing protected areas through restoration and rewilding efforts. Future iterations, such as WQI 3.0+, can track trends and potential threats to wilderness areas, while also identifying opportunities for ecosystem recovery through restoration and rewilding. To ensure comprehensive coverage, there is a need to update the existing Wilderness Register 1.0 and expand its scope to include non-EU states. This can be facilitated through collaboration with national WQI mapping programs, building on the experiences of countries such as Scotland, France, Iceland, and Germany, which have well-established national mapping initiatives. Overall, WQI 2.0 and the proposed updates provide valuable tools for informed decision-making in wilderness conservation and restoration efforts across Europe.
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Österlin, Carl, Peter Schlyter, and Ingrid Stjernquist. "Different Worldviews as Impediments to Integrated Nature and Cultural Heritage Conservation Management: Experiences from Protected Areas in Northern Sweden." Sustainability 12, no. 9 (April 26, 2020): 3533. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12093533.
Full textAbstract:
In the management of protected nature areas, arguments are being raised for increasingly integrated approaches. Despite an explicit ambition from the responsible managing governmental agencies, Swedish Environmental Protection Agency and Swedish National Heritage Board, attempts to initiate and increase the degree of integrated nature and cultural heritage conservation management in the Swedish mountains are failing. The delivery of environmental policy through the Swedish National Environmental Objective called Magnificent Mountains is dependent on increased collaboration between the state and local stakeholders. This study, using a group model building approach, maps out the system’s dynamic interactions between nature perceptions, values and the objectives of managing agencies and local stakeholders. It is identified that the dominance of a wilderness discourse influences both the objectives and management of the protected areas. This wilderness discourse functions as a barrier against including cultural heritage conservation aspects and local stakeholders in management, as wilderness-influenced objectives are defining protected areas as environments “untouched” by humans. A wilderness objective reduces the need for local knowledge and participation in environmental management. In reality, protected areas depend, to varying degrees, on the continuation of traditional land-use practices.
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Wang, Yeqiao, Zhong Lu, Yongwei Sheng, and Yuyu Zhou. "Remote Sensing Applications in Monitoring of Protected Areas." Remote Sensing 12, no. 9 (April 26, 2020): 1370. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12091370.
Full textAbstract:
Protected areas (PAs) have been established worldwide for achieving long-term goals in the conservation of nature with the associated ecosystem services and cultural values. Globally, 15% of the world’s terrestrial lands and inland waters, excluding Antarctica, are designated as PAs. About 4.12% of the global ocean and 10.2% of coastal and marine areas under national jurisdiction are set as marine protected areas (MPAs). Protected lands and waters serve as the fundamental building blocks of virtually all national and international conservation strategies, supported by governments and international institutions. Some of the PAs are the only places that contain undisturbed landscape, seascape and ecosystems on the planet Earth. With intensified impacts from climate and environmental change, PAs have become more important to serve as indicators of ecosystem status and functions. Earth’s remaining wilderness areas are becoming increasingly important buffers against changing conditions. The development of remote sensing platforms and sensors and the improvement in science and technology provide crucial support for the monitoring and management of PAs across the world. In this editorial paper, we reviewed research developments using state-of-the-art remote sensing technologies, discussed the challenges of remote sensing applications in the inventory, monitoring, management and governance of PAs and summarized the highlights of the articles published in this Special Issue.