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Journal articles on the topic 'Wild to crop hybridization'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 March 2023

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1

ARMSTRONG, T. T., R. G. FITZJOHN, L. E. NEWSTROM, A. D. WILTON, and W. G. LEE. "Transgene escape: what potential for crop-wild hybridization?" Molecular Ecology 14, no. 7 (April 28, 2005): 2111–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294x.2005.02572.x.

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2

Poverene, M., A. Carrera, S. Ureta, and M. Cantamutto. "Wild helianthus species and wild-sunflower hybridization in Argentina." Helia 27, no. 40 (2004): 133–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hel0440133p.

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3

Macková, Lenka, Petr Vít, and Tomáš Urfus. "Crop-to-wild hybridization in cherries-Empirical evidence fromPrunus fruticosa." Evolutionary Applications 11, no. 9 (July 26, 2018): 1748–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/eva.12677.

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4

Darmency, H., G. R. Zangre, and J. Pernes. "The wild-weed-crop complex in Setaria: a hybridization study." Genetica 75, no. 2 (November 1987): 103–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00055253.

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5

Colosi, Joseph C., and Barbara A. Schaal. "Wild proso millet (Panicum miliaceum) is genetically variable and distinct from crop varieties of proso millet." Weed Science 45, no. 4 (August 1997): 509–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500088743.

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Proso millet occurs both as a crop and a weed in North America. In 1970, an olive-black seeded biotype called ‘wild proso millet’ was found as an aggressive weed in row crops in Minnesota and Wisconsin and has since spread over a large area. We used Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) to assess genetic relationships among biotypes, measure genetic variation within wild proso millet across its range, and detect hybridization between wild proso millet and crop biotypes of proso millet. We found 97 RAPD genotypes among 398 individuals: 69 wild proso millet genotypes, 26 crop and crop-like weed genotypes, and two hybrid genotypes. Five RAPD markers consistently differentiated wild proso millet from crop cultivars and crop-like weeds. About 10% of the genotypes had at least one marker of the other type, suggesting possible hybridization between wild proso millet and crop biotypes. Most genotypes occurred in only one or two of the over 100 populations tested. The most widespread wild proso millet genotype occurred in 12 populations distributed in North Dakota, Minnesota, Illinois, and Wisconsin. More genetic variation exists among populations of wild proso millet than expected for a plant that presumably experienced a severe genetic bottleneck only 20 generations ago. Hypermutation rates and crossing between wild proso millet and crop cultivars could not account for the degree of genetic variation found in wild proso millet. The pattern of genetic variation among wild proso millet populations suggests multiple introductions of wild proso millet to North America.

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6

Kanatas, Panagiotis, Ioannis Gazoulis, Stavros Zannopoulos, Alexandros Tataridas, Anastasia Tsekoura, Nikolaos Antonopoulos, and Ilias Travlos. "Shattercane (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench Subsp. Drummondii) and Weedy Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)—Crop Wild Relatives (CWRs) as Weeds in Agriculture." Diversity 13, no. 10 (September 25, 2021): 463. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d13100463.

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Shattercane (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench subsp. drummondii) and weedy sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) are two examples of crop wild relatives (CWRs) that have become troublesome weeds in agriculture. Shattercane is a race belonging to a different subspecies than domesticated sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench subsp. bicolor). Weedy sunflower populations are natural hybrids between wild and domesticated sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Both species have key weedy characteristics, such as early seed shattering and seed dormancy, which play an important role in their success as agricultural weeds. They are widely reported as important agricultural weeds in the United States and have invaded various agricultural areas in Europe. Shattercane is very competitive to sorghum, maize (Zea mays L.), and soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.). Weedy sunflower causes severe yield losses in sunflower, maize, soybean, pulse crops, and industrial crops. Herbicide resistance was confirmed in populations of both species. The simultaneous presence of crops and their wild relatives in the field leads to crop–wild gene flow. Hybrids are fertile and competitive. Hybridization between herbicide-tolerant crops and wild populations creates herbicide-resistant hybrid populations. Crop rotation, false seedbed, cover crops, and competitive crop genotypes can suppress shattercane and weedy sunflower. Preventative measures are essential to avoid their spread on new agricultural lands. The development of effective weed management strategies is also essential to prevent hybridization between sorghum, sunflower, and their wild relatives and to mitigate its consequences.

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7

Batra, V., S. Prakash, and K. R. Shivanna. "Intergeneric hybridization between Diplotaxis siifolia, a wild species and crop brassicas." Theoretical and Applied Genetics 80, no. 4 (October 1990): 537–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00226756.

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8

Simard, Marie-Josée, and Anne Légère. "Synchrony of flowering between canola and wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum)." Weed Science 52, no. 6 (December 2004): 905–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ws-03-145r.

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Many conditions need to be satisfied for gene flow to occur between a transgenic crop and its weedy relatives. Flowering overlap is one essential requirement for hybrid formation. Hybridization can occur between canola and its wild relative, wild radish. We studied the effects of wild radish plant density and date of emergence, canola (glyphosate resistant) planting dates, presence of other weeds, and presence of a wheat crop on the synchrony of flowering between wild radish and canola (as a crop and volunteer). Four field experiments were conducted from 2000 to 2002 in St-David de Lévis, Québec. Flowering periods of wild radish emerging after glyphosate application overlapped with early-, intermediate-, and late-seeded canola 14, 26, and 55%, respectively, of the total flowering time. Flowering periods of early-emerging wild radish and canola volunteers in uncropped treatments overlapped from mid-June until the end of July, ranging from 26 to 81% of the total flowering time. Flowering periods of wild radish and canola volunteers emerging synchronously on May 30 or June 5 as weeds in wheat overlapped 88 and 42%, respectively, of their total flowering time. For later emergence dates, few flowers or seeds were produced by both species because of wheat competition. Wild radish density in canola and wild radish and canola volunteer densities in wheat did not affect the mean flowering dates of wild radish or canola. Increasing wild radish density in uncropped plots (pure or weedy stands) hastened wild radish flowering. Our results show that if hybridization is to happen, it will be most likely with uncontrolled early-emerging weeds in crops or on roadsides, field margins, and uncultivated areas, stressing the need to control the early flush of weeds, weedy relatives, and crop volunteers in noncrop areas.

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9

Plazas, Mariola, Santiago Vilanova, Pietro Gramazio, Adrián Rodríguez-Burruezo, Ana Fita, Francisco J. Herraiz, Rajakapasha Ranil, et al. "Interspecific Hybridization between Eggplant and Wild Relatives from Different Genepools." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 141, no. 1 (January 2016): 34–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.141.1.34.

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Wild relatives represent a source of variation for many traits of interest for eggplant (Solanum melongena) breeding, as well as for broadening the genetic base of this crop. However, interspecific hybridization with wild relatives has been barely used in eggplant breeding programs. As initiation of an introgression breeding program we performed 1424 interspecific hybridizations between six accessions of eggplant from the Occidental and Oriental groups and 19 accessions of 12 wild species from the primary (Solanum incanum and Solanum insanum), secondary (Solanum anguivi, Solanum dasyphyllum, Solanum lichtensteinii, Solanum linnaeanum, Solanum pyracanthos, Solanum tomentosum, and Solanum violaceum), and tertiary (Solanum elaeagnifolium, Solanum sisymbriifolium, and Solanum torvum) genepools. Fruit set, hybrid seed, and seed germination were obtained between Solanum melongena and all wild species of the primary and secondary genepools. The highest fruit set percentage and quantity of seeds per fruit were obtained with the two primary genepool species S. incanum and S. insanum as well as with some secondary genepool species, like S. anguivi, S. dasyphyllum, or S. lichtensteinii, although some differences among species were observed depending on the direction of the hybridization. For small-fruited wild species, the number of seeds per fruit was lower when using them as maternal parent. Regarding tertiary genepool species, fruit set was obtained only in interspecific hybridizations of eggplant with S. sisymbriifolium and S. torvum, although the fruit of the former were parthenocarpic. However, it was possible to rescue viable interspecific hybrids with S. torvum. In total we obtained 58 interspecific hybrid combinations (excluding reciprocals) between eggplant and wild relatives. Some differences were observed among S. melongena accessions in the degree of success of interspecific hybridization, so that the number of hybrid combinations obtained for each accession ranged between 7 (MEL2) and 16 (MEL1). Hybridity of putative interspecific hybrid plantlets was confirmed with a morphological trait (leaf prickliness) and 12 single nucleotide polymorphism markers. The results show that eggplant is amenable to interspecific hybridization with a large number of wild species, including tertiary genepool materials. These hybrid materials are the starting point for introgression breeding in eggplant and in some cases might also be useful as rootstocks for eggplant grafting.

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10

Cabezas, Diego, Ivone de Bem Oliveira, Mia Acker, Paul Lyrene, and Patricio R. Munoz. "Evaluating Wild Germplasm Introgression into Autotetraploid Blueberry." Agronomy 11, no. 4 (March 24, 2021): 614. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11040614.

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Wild germplasm can be classified as the raw material essential for crop improvement. Introgression of wild germplasm is normally used in breeding to increase crop quality or resilience to evolving biotic and abiotic threats. Here, we explore the potential of introgressing Vaccinium elliottii into commercial blueberry germplasm. Vaccinium elliottii is a wild diploid blueberry species endemic to the southeastern United States that possesses highly desirable and economically important traits for blueberry breeding such as: short bloom to ripe period, adaptation to upland sandy soils, disease resistance, firmness, and pleasant flavor. To examine the potential of hybridization, we evaluated populations of interspecific hybrids across multiple stages of breeding (i.e., F1, F2, and backcrosses) in two crop seasons. We used our extensive pedigree data to generate breeding values for pre-breeding blueberry hybrid populations. Hybrid performance was evaluated considering fitness (i.e., plant vigor and plant height) in addition to evaluating six fruit-quality and marketable-related traits (i.e., size, firmness, acidity, soluble solids, weight, and yield). Overall, F2 and backcrosses rapidly achieved market thresholds, presenting values not significantly different from commercial blueberry germplasm. Our results confirmed the potential of exploiting the high genetic variability contained in V. elliottii for interspecific hybridization. Additionally, we developed germplasm resources that can be further evaluated and utilized in the breeding process, advancing selections for fruit quality and environmental adaptation.

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11

Weiss, Alexa N., Samantha B. Primer, Brian A. Pace, and Kristin L. Mercer. "Maternal effects and embryo genetics: germination and dormancy of crop–wild sunflower hybrids." Seed Science Research 23, no. 4 (June 12, 2013): 241–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960258513000226.

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AbstractGene flow between agricultural crops and related wild plant populations can produce hybrids which differ significantly from their wild counterparts in many life history traits, including seed traits. Seeds from wild annuals often possess significant dormancy, while cultivated varieties have been selected to germinate immediately under favourable conditions. Consequently, the dormancy characteristics of crop–wild hybrids could influence their survival, seed-bank dynamics and, ultimately, the extent to which crop genes persist in wild populations. Dormancy characteristics can be influenced by both maternal effects, as well as the genetics of a seed's embryo, which are the result of contributions from both parents. Here we focus on how maternal effects and embryo genetics affect seed dormancy in crop–wild hybrid sunflowers (Helianthus annuus). Using three laboratory experiments, we quantified the germination and dormancy of 15 crop–wild hybrid sunflower cross types, while also identifying achene characteristics that may influence the differential germination observed. We found that increased frequencies of crop alleles and the maternal effects imparted by hybridization can reduce dormancy, though the effect of increased frequencies of crop alleles was more pronounced in wild- and F1-produced than in the crop-produced achenes. The more open pericarp of the crop-produced achenes and the shorter relative distance that their radicles had to travel to germinate may explain some of the observed maternal effects. Finally, we generated hypotheses about how these results could affect survival and crop gene introgression in the field.

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12

Anwar, Muhammad, Muhammad Zafar Iqbal, Aamir Ali Abro, Shabana Memon, Liaquat Ali Bhutto, Shamim Ara Memon, and Yan Peng. "Inter-Specific Hybridization in Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) for Crop Improvement." Agronomy 12, no. 12 (December 13, 2022): 3158. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12123158.

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Interspecific hybridization has contributed significantly to land diversity, species evolution, and crops’ domestication, including upland cotton, the cultivated form of Gossypium hirsutum. Being the world’s most important fiber crop species, Gossypium hirsutum belongs to the allotetraploid Gossypium consisting of six additional tetraploid species. The lint fiber evolved once in diploid parent A-genome species in the Gossypium’s history and passed on during hybridization of the A-genome with the D-genome and was maintained in subsequent evolution. The domestication history of G. hirsutum involved the collection and use of lint fibers by indigenous people for the purpose of making strings and other textile products; hence, spinnable lint fibers were likely to have evolved under domestication. Crossing with G. barbadense has resulted in the development of multiple genetic lines in contemporary upland cotton. However, in later-generation hybrids between G. hirsutum and other polyploid species, reproductive barriers such as reduced fertility, segregation distortion, and hybrid breakdown are frequently observed, complicating the task of introgressing new, stably inherited allelic variation from inter-specific hybridization. Recent efforts in molecular genetics research have provided insights into the location and effects of QTLs from wild species that are associated with traits important to cotton production. These and future research efforts will undoubtedly provide the tools that can be utilized by plant breeders to access novel genes from wild and domesticated allotetraploid Gossypium for upland cotton improvement.

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13

O. Magomer, Titus, Eliud K. Ngugi, Solomon I. Shibair, Eunice Mutitu, and Silas D. Obukosi. "Patterns of Interspecific Hybridization among Crop and Wild Sorghum in Open-Pollinated Fields." Biotechnology(Faisalabad) 21, no. 3 (March 15, 2022): 90–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/biotech.2022.90.102.

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14

Presotto, Alejandro, Fernando Hernández, Marina Díaz, Ivana Fernández-Moroni, Claudio Pandolfo, Jessica Basualdo, Selva Cuppari, Miguel Cantamutto, and Mónica Poverene. "Crop-wild sunflower hybridization can mediate weediness throughout growth-stress tolerance trade-offs." Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 249 (November 2017): 12–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2017.08.003.

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15

Warschefsky, Emily, R. Varma Penmetsa, Douglas R. Cook, and Eric J. B. von Wettberg. "Back to the wilds: Tapping evolutionary adaptations for resilient crops through systematic hybridization with crop wild relatives." American Journal of Botany 101, no. 10 (October 2014): 1791–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.3732/ajb.1400116.

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16

Jenkins, T. E., A. J. Conner, and C. M. Frampton. "Investigating gene introgression from rape to wild turnip." New Zealand Plant Protection 54 (August 1, 2001): 101–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2001.54.3724.

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Gene introgression from crops to weedy relatives has become an important issue with the development and release of transgenic crops This study investigates hybridization between rape and a New Zealand population of wild turnip (Makarewa Southland) The rape used was a rapid cycling nontransgenic line homozygous for a single dominant mutation conferring resistance to the herbicide chlorsulfuron Seed from wild turnip plants were harvested following hand pollination in a greenhouse and after natural pollination in field trials that were conducted at two ratios of rapewild turnip 11 and 1400 Interspecific hybrids were identified in the progeny populations by in vitro screening of seedlings for resistance to chlorsulfuron Their hybrid status was confirmed by DNA content using flow cytometry As expected hand pollinations produced 100 hybrid progeny illustrating a high potential for interspecific hybridization between rape and wild turnip In contrast hybrids were very rare under natural field conditions

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17

Laliotis, George, and Meni Avdi. "Evidence of genetic hybridization of the wild boar and the indigenous black pig in northern Greece." Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 34, no. 2 (2018): 149–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah1802149l.

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In Greece both the black indigenous pig and the wild boar are considered as species of valuable genetic diversity while their products achieve a valuable market price. However, many crop damages are recorded, with farmers to claim that wild boar hybrids are responsible. On the other hand, black pig classification is based on phenotypic characteristics, which does not ensure breed?s homogeneity in case of hybridization. Using the PCR-RFLP methodology, pig samples (n=135) from different rearing situations (feral boars, semi-extensive black pigs and extensive wild boars) were examined in order to identify whether or not hybridization exists. In the examined feral population of wild boar a 26% of hybrids was noted, while in the case of the extensive farming population of wild pigs a hybridization of 11.76% was observed. Interestingly, in both cases of the examined black pigs? populations, a mentionable hybridization with wild boar was observed, reflecting probably an implemented breeding practice or uncontrolled mating with wild boars. A pivotal level (5-7%) of inbreeding rate was also noted in the examined populations. The immediate removal of hybrids from all the examined populations should be achieved, in order to prevent and eliminate further introgression, genetic depression and loss of genetic diversity for both populations of wild boar and black pig. Finally, the applied methodology may be used by state authorities or certifying organizations to test, control or inspect farms rearing wild boar or black pig populations in order to record and eliminate hybridization events between them.

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18

Warwick, S. I., H. J. Beckie, and E. Small. "Transgenic crops : new weed problems for Canada?" Société de protection des plantes du Québec – 91e Congrès annuel (1999). Symposium - Ravageurs nouveaux et en ré-émergence 80, no. 2 (April 12, 2005): 71–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/706182ar.

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Over 25 000 transgenic field trials were conducted globally from 1986-1997, and many transgenic crops, including soybean (Glycine max), maize (Zea mays), tobacco (Nicotiana tabaccum), cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), canola (Brassica napus, B. rapa), tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) and potato (Solarium tuberosum) have been commercially released. There has been a high adoption rate, with at least 28 million ha reported for 1998, with herbicide- and insect-resistant plants occupying 71 and 28% of the releases, respectively. The current status of commercial production of transgenic crops in Canada is summarized. Transgenic crops have the potential to change weed communities/populations in three principal ways, via: 1 ) escape and proliferation of the transgenic plants as 'weedy' volunteers with subsequent displacement of the crop, weed and/or natural vegetation; 2) hybridization with and transgene infiltration into related weedy and/or wild species, resulting in invigorated weeds and/or alteration of natural gene frequencies in these species; and 3) genetic changes in populations of unrelated species, as a result of changes to the environment, in particular herbicide-resistant (HR) transgenic crops and the development of HR weeds. Potential risk can be estimated a priori using knowledge of the systematics of crop/wild/weed complexes. Risk must be assessed on a case-by-case basis for each crop, each country/ecological region, and for each trait. Potential weed risks will be greater if crop volunteers are predisposed to becoming weedy, are well adapted to the Canadian climate and if sexually compatible wild species are present.

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19

Adugna, Asfaw, and Endashaw Bekele. "Morphology and fitness components of wild × crop F1 hybrids of Sorghum bicolor (L.) in Ethiopia: implications for survival and introgression of crop genes in the wild pool." Plant Genetic Resources 11, no. 3 (April 30, 2013): 196–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479262113000129.

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Natural hybridization between wild/weedy and crop species often results in rare hybrids, which can be more weedy and difficult to control. Moreover, the advent of transgenic crop plants raises questions of biosafety risk assessment on the consequences of rare hybrids with possible fitness enhancing genes on the environment. This study aimed at measuring the fitness components of wild–crop sorghum hybrids for various juvenile survival and adult morphological and fertility characters as part of the risk assessment of transgenic sorghum in Africa where the crop was believed to have first domesticated and serves as the major staple. Out of a pool of hybrids made in 2010 from 23 wild sorghum accessions and two released cultivated sorghum varieties using hand emasculation techniques, seven were selected for the field study of their fitness components in 2011. The study confirmed that crop–wild hybrids of sorghum are fertile. Two approaches were followed (relative fitness and mid-parent heterosis) which showed that most of the hybrids were as fit as their wild parents, and in some cases they showed mid-parent heterosis for the measured traits. The results of this study highlighted a potential risk that hybrids carrying crop genes (including herbicide resistance transgenes) could pose because they could be more weedy than their wild/weedy parents if transgenic sorghum is deployed in regions where the wild and cultivated sorghum populations coexist, such as in Ethiopia and in other parts of Africa.

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20

Davidar, Priya, Allison A. Snow, Muthu Rajkumar, Remy Pasquet, Marie-Christine Daunay, and Evans Mutegi. "The potential for crop to wild hybridization in eggplant (Solanum melongena; Solanaceae) in southern India." American Journal of Botany 102, no. 1 (January 2015): 129–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3732/ajb.1400404.

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21

Ha, Young-Ho, Seung-Hwan Oh, and Soo-Rang Lee. "Genetic Admixture in the Population of Wild Apple (Malus sieversii) from the Tien Shan Mountains, Kazakhstan." Genes 12, no. 1 (January 15, 2021): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12010104.

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There is growing attention given to gene flow between crops and the wild relatives as global landscapes have been rapidly converted into agricultural farm fields over the past century. Crop-to-wild introgression may advance the extinction risks of rare plants through demographic swamping and/or genetic swamping. Malus sieversii, the progenitor of the apple, is exclusively distributed along the Tien Shan mountains. Habitat fragmentation and hybridization between M. sieversii and the cultivated apples have been proposed to be the causal mechanism of the accelerated extinction risk. We examined the genetic diversity pattern of eleven wild and domesticated apple populations and assessed the gene flow between M. sieversii and the cultivated apples in Kazakhstan using thirteen nuclear microsatellite loci. On average, apple populations harbored fairly high within-population diversity, whereas population divergences were very low suggesting likely influence of human-mediated dispersal. Assignment results showed a split pattern between the cultivated and wild apples and frequent admixture among the apple populations. Coupled with the inflated contemporary migration rates, the admixture pattern might be the signature of increased human intervention within the recent past. Our study highlighted the prevalent crop to wild gene flow of apples occurring in Kazakhstan, proposing an accelerated risk of genetic swamping.

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22

Campbell, Lesley G., Zachary Teitel, Maria N. Miriti, and Allison A. Snow. "Context-specific enhanced invasiveness of Raphanus crop–wild hybrids: A test for associations between greater fecundity and population growth." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 94, no. 8 (November 2014): 1315–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps-2014-070.

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Campbell, L. G., Teitel, Z., Miriti, M. N. and Snow, A. A. 2014. Context-specific enhanced invasiveness of Raphanus crop–wild hybrids: A test for associations between greater fecundity and population growth. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 1315–1324. Evolution by crop–wild hybridization may create plant lineages with greater population growth rates, dispersal, and persistence than weedy progenitors, depending upon plant density. We asked: (1) how does hybridization affect demography and population growth rate (lambda, λ) and (2) how does density affect demography and λ? Over 1 yr, we followed wild radish, Raphanus raphanistrum and crop-wild hybrid, Raphanus sativus×R. raphanistrum, plants grown in 18 experimental sub-populations (originally derived from three wild and three hybrid populations) to assess contributions of germination, survival, and seed production to λ. We explored genotypic differences in demographic characteristics of low- and high-density populations (from populations grown at unmanipulated densities for three generations), using a LTRE. Hybrid populations had greater λs than weedy progenitors when grown in low (but not high) densities. Seed production was more influential on λ than germination or survival, and seed mortality was least influential. Our results indicate weedy Raphanus populations may be best controlled by limiting seed production, rather than killing plants outright or preventing seeds from germinating. Furthermore, relative invasiveness of genotypes is density-dependent, low-density conditions improving potential invasiveness of hybrid populations. We emphasize that assessing invasive potential of a plant will be more successful if one uses a comprehensive demographic approach accounting for a weed's entire life history.

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23

Kavanagh, Vanessa B., Linda M. Hall, and Jocelyn C. Hall. "Potential Hybridization of Genetically Engineered Triticale with Wild and Weedy Relatives in Canada." Crop Science 50, no. 4 (July 2010): 1128–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2009.11.0644.

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24

Ochatt, S. J., A. Benabdelmouna, P. Marget, G. Aubert, F. Moussy, C. Pontécaille, and L. Jacas. "Overcoming hybridization barriers between pea and some of its wild relatives." Euphytica 137, no. 3 (June 2004): 353–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:euph.0000040476.57938.81.

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25

Nwosu, D. J., and C. Nwadike. "Cross-compatibility of cultivated cowpea varieties and their wild relatives: Implications for crop improvement." Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences 19, no. 1 (July 20, 2021): 110–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jafs.v19i1.8.

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Hybridization programmes that potentially exploit the variability existing in the wild germplasm of Vigna unguiculata L. Walpers could be of great potential for the future of plant breeding. Bearing this in mind, four cultivated cowpea varieties (Achi shuru, Ife Brown, Kanannado and Zebra bean) were crossed to two of their wild relatives: subsp. dekindtiana var. pubescens and subsp. unguiculata var. spontanea to ascertain the cross compatibility, reproductive potential and possible heterosis in the F1 generations. Results showed that the cultivated varieties hybridized relatively well with their wild relatives showing pod set range of 42.9% to 52.3% in crosses with subsp. dekindtiana var. pubescens and 40.0% to 52.0% in crosses with subsp. unguiculata var. spontanea. The F1 hybrid plants showed high heterosis in plant height, number of leaves per plant, number of flowers per plant, number of pods per plant and percentage pod set. They also produced viable seeds for F2 generations. These results are indications of a good reproductive potential of the hybrids thus making the wild relatives, good sources of important gene pool for the improvement of the cultivated populations.

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26

Campbell, Lesley G., Kruti Shukla, Michelle E. Sneck, Colleen Chaplin, and Kristin L. Mercer. "The Effect of Altered Soil Moisture on Hybridization Rate in a Crop-Wild System (Raphanus spp.)." PLOS ONE 11, no. 12 (December 9, 2016): e0166802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0166802.

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27

Gaiero, Paola, José van de Belt, Francisco Vilaró, M. Eric Schranz, Pablo Speranza, and Hans de Jong. "Collinearity between potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) and wild relatives assessed by comparative cytogenetic mapping." Genome 60, no. 3 (March 2017): 228–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/gen-2016-0150.

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A major bottleneck to introgressive hybridization is the lack of genome collinearity between the donor (alien) genome and the recipient crop genome. Structural differences between the homeologs may create unbalanced segregation of chromosomes or cause linkage drag. To assess large-scale collinearity between potato and two of its wild relatives (Solanum commersonii and Solanum chacoense), we used BAC-FISH mapping of sequences with known positions on the RH potato map. BAC probes could successfully be hybridized to the S. commersonii and S. chachoense pachytene chromosomes, confirming their correspondence with linkage groups in RH potato. Our study shows that the order of BAC signals is conserved. Distances between BAC signals were quantified and compared; some differences found suggest either small-scale rearrangements or reduction/amplification of repeats. We conclude that S. commersonii and S. chacoense are collinear with cultivated Solanum tuberosum on the whole chromosome scale, making these amenable species for efficient introgressive hybridization breeding.

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Satya, Pratik. "Prezygotic interspecific hybridization barriers between kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinusL.) and four wild relatives." Plant Breeding 131, no. 5 (July 26, 2012): 648–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.2012.02001.x.

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Hegde, S. G., and J. G. Waines. "Hybridization and Introgression between Bread Wheat and Wild and Weedy Relatives in North America." Crop Science 44, no. 4 (July 2004): 1145–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2004.1145.

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MIZUGUTI, AKI, YASUYUKI YOSHIMURA, and KAZUHITO MATSUO. "Flowering phenologies and natural hybridization of genetically modified and wild soybeans under field conditions." Weed Biology and Management 9, no. 1 (March 2009): 93–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1445-6664.2008.00324.x.

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Zaharieva, M., and P. Monneveux. "Spontaneous Hybridization between Bread Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) and Its Wild Relatives in Europe." Crop Science 46, no. 2 (March 2006): 512–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2005.0023.

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Singh, R. J., K. P. Kollipara, and T. Hymowitz. "Intersubgeneric hybridization of soybeans with a wild perennial species, Glycine clandestina Wendl." Theoretical and Applied Genetics 74, no. 3 (July 1987): 391–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00274723.

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Tepfer, Mark, Aurélie Hurel, Frédérique Tellier, and Eric Jenczewski. "Evaluation of the progeny produced by interspecific hybridization between Camelina sativa and C. microcarpa." Annals of Botany 125, no. 6 (February 14, 2020): 993–1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcaa026.

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Abstract Background and aims Camelina (Camelina sativa, Brassicaceae) has attracted interest in recent years as a novel oilseed crop, and an increasing number of studies have sought to enhance camelina’s yield potential or to modify the composition of its oil. The ability of camelina to cross-hybridize with its wild relative, C. microcarpa, is of interest as a potential source of genetic variability for the crop. Methods Manual crosses were performed between the crop C. sativa and its wild relative C. microcarpa; F1 and F2 progenies were obtained. Cytology was used to study meiosis in the parents and F1s and to evaluate pollen viability. Flow cytometry was used to estimate nuclear DNA amounts and fatty acid methyl ester analysis was used to evaluate the lipid composition of F3 seeds. Key Results The F1 plants obtained by interspecific crossing presented severe abnormalities at meiosis and low pollen viability, and produced very few F2 seeds. The F2s presented diverse phenotypes and in some cases severe developmental abnormalities. Many F2s were aneuploid. The F2s produced highly variable numbers of F3 seeds, and certain F3 seeds presented atypical lipid profiles. Conclusions Considering the meiotic abnormalities observed and the probability of aneuploidy in the F2 plants, the C. microcarpa accessions used in this study would be difficult to use as sources of genetic variability for the crop.

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Laferrière, Joseph E. "Interspecific Hybridization in Sunflowers: an Illustration of the Importance of Wild Genetic Resources in Plant Breeding." Outlook on Agriculture 15, no. 3 (September 1986): 104–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003072708601500301.

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This article reviews past successes and future potential of the use of interspecific hybrids in the breeding of cultivated Helianthus annuus, with emphasis on the necessity for conservation of non-cultivated germplasm. The topics discussed include resistance to diseases and other pests; the development of male-sterile lines for hybrid seed production; introduction of genes for various agronomic traits, such as drought resistance and cold tolerance; and attempts to change the chemical composition of the harvested crop.

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Oumouss, Siham, Ghizlane TOBI, Ilham RAHMOUNI, Hikmat TAHIRI, and Yasmina EL BAHLOUL. "Assessment of interspecific hybridization between wild beet Beta vulgaris L. subsp. maritima and cultivated sugar beet under Moroccan conditions." Journal of Central European Agriculture 22, no. 2 (2021): 376–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5513/jcea01/22.2.3059.

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36

Huerta-Acosta, Karla G., Summaira Riaz, Omar Franco-Mora, Juan G. Cruz-Castillo, and M. Andrew Walker. "The genetic diversity of wild grapes in Mexico." Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 69, no. 3 (December 14, 2021): 1329–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10722-021-01307-0.

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AbstractThis is the first report evaluating the genetic diversity of Mexican grape species utilizing DNA-based markers to understand the distribution of grape species, and patterns of hybridization. The study utilized accessions maintained in three collections in Mexico, one in the USA and recently collected germplasm. Fifteen SSR markers were used to develop a fingerprint database to identify unique germplasm. Two different clustering analyses without prior population assignment, were used to identify groups that were verified by a Discriminant Analysis of Principal Components and a Principal Coordinate Analysis. Genetic diversity estimates were made across and within groups to validate the results obtained from the clustering analyses. Multiple clustering analyses and diversity parameters supported six genetic groups representing different geographic regions. The Northeastern group was the most diverse with a geographic range extending to Eastern and Central Mexico, while the Coahuila group was the least diverse. Vitis arizonica Engelm. and Vitis cinerea Engelm. ex Millardet were the most abundant species with many hybrid forms. We provide evidence that wild grape species in Mexico follow the physical barriers of mountain ranges like the Sierra Madre Oriental with an east–west divide and the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt as a corridor for gene flow among different grape species. Additional collections are required to fully understand the extent of hybridization and to clarify hybrid zones.

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Ganesh Ram, S., S. Hari Ramakrishnan, V. Thiruvengadam, and J. R. Kannan Bapu. "Prefertilization barriers to interspecific hybridization involving Gossypium hirsutum and four diploid wild species." Plant Breeding 127, no. 3 (June 2008): 295–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.2007.01453.x.

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Ghani, Muhammad A., Muhammad M. Abbas, Khurram Ziaf, Muhammad Azam, Basharat Ali, Muhammad Amjad, Romana Anjum, Anam Noor, and Mubashir Zahid. "Production and characterization of inter and intraspecific hybridization eggplant." Horticultura Brasileira 38, no. 4 (December 2020): 407–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-0536202004011.

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ABSTRACT The eggplant is a highly valuable horticultural crop grown all over the world and it is of substantial economic importance in Asia. However, its production is severely threatened by several soil-borne and foliar diseases, insect-pests, drought, heat, and frost damage. Therefore, efforts to transfer useful resistance genes into eggplant from their wild relatives is important. In the present study, interspecific and intraspecific hybridization was carried out, that included three cultivated genotypes of eggplant (Solanum melongena MEE, Solanum melongena MEP, Solanum melongena MEB) and one wild Solanum species (Solanum incanum INC). The F1 hybrids were made by inter and intraspecific hybridization. A total of 632 possible inter and intraspecific reciprocal crosses was performed where only three were successful. The minimum days to flowering were observed in parent MEP, and maximum plant height was measured in MEE×MEB. Maximum fruit length was observed in parent MEB. Furthermore, fruit diameter, leaf width, leaf length, and fruit yield per plant were found maximum in hybrid MEExINC. Our results suggest that these materials will be of great interest for the genetic improvement of eggplant; they may have a tremendous potential to increase tolerance to abiotic stresses, such as to drought and heat, as well as increased nutrient and herbal values. Findings of this study will be helpful for the human health, ultimately contributing to the development of a new generation of plants adapted to climate.

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McPherson, Marc A., Allen G. Good, A. Keith C. Topinka, and Linda M. Hall. "Theoretical hybridization potential of transgenic safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) with weedy relatives in the New World." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 84, no. 3 (July 1, 2004): 923–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p03-150.

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Carthamus tinctorius L. (safflower) is being evaluated as a crop for the production of plant-made pharmaceuticals using an oleosin fusion protein system. We evaluated the potential for transgenic gene flow from C. tinctorius to wild or weedy relatives in western Canada. Cytogenetic and phylogenetic studies with most of the species of Carthamus have demonstrated that cultivated C. tinctorius has the ability to hybridize with at least six wild or weedy relatives worldwide. Of the four naturalized wild relatives in the New World, only two, C. oxyacanthus and C. creticus, have successfully been crossed with C. tinctorius to produce fertile hybrids. Data from artificial crosses resulting in fertile offspring indicate the biological potential of a hybridization event, but only if the species are temporally and spatially sympatric can this occur. Based on the New World distribution of C. oxyacanthus and C. creticus we predict that hybridization with transgenic C. tinctorius could occur in some areas of Argentina, Chile and localities within several states in the United States including California, Florida, Illinois, Kansas, New Mexico, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Utah, and Texas. Locations in the New World where wild species of Carthamus have not been naturalized may provide biologically isolated locations for the cultivation of a transgenic safflower crop. Key words: Carthamus, safflower, transgenic, hybrid, gene flow, introgression.

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Ladizinsky, G. "Domestication via hybridization of the wild tetraploid oats Avena magna and A. murphyi." Theoretical and Applied Genetics 91, no. 4 (September 1995): 639–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00223291.

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41

Kanya, J. I., T. P. Hauser, J. I. Kinyamario, and N. O. Amugune. "Hybridization Potential between Cultivated Rice Oryza sativa and African Wild Rice Oryza longistaminata." International Journal of Agricultural Research 7, no. 6 (May 15, 2012): 291–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ijar.2012.291.302.

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Nassar, Nagib M. A. "Development and selection for apomixis in cassava, Manihot esculenta Crantz." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 74, no. 4 (October 1, 1994): 857–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps94-155.

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Apomixis provides fixation of heterosis and avoids contamination of seedlings by diseases. Observations on offspring uniformity for selected morphological characteristics and use of a marker gene in controlled crosses produced facultative apomictic lines in cassava. Cytogenetic analysis showed apomixis occurrence to be associated with aneuploidy and interspecific hybridization. Key words: Wild species, aneuploidy, interspecific hybridization

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Shi, Y. Z., Q. Chen, H. Y. Li, D. Beasley, and D. R. Lynch. "Somatic hybridization between Solanum tuberosum and S. cardiophyllum." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 86, no. 2 (May 5, 2006): 539–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p05-076.

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The wild diploid Mexican species, Solanum cardiophyllum Lindl. (2n = 2x = 24), is resistant to important potato diseases. However, introgression of resistance to the tetraploid cultivated potato (S. tuberosum L.) (2n = 4x = 48) by conventional crossing is not feasible due to the difference in their endosperm balance number between these species. Somatic hybrids between S. cardiophyllum and S. tuberosum were produced for the first time by electrofusion of protoplasts isolated from young leaves of each parental line. The hybrid nature of the regenerated plants was confirmed based on morphology, chromosome number and DNA species-specific RAPD markers. All the somatic hybrids produced a violet pigmentation on their stems and petioles, which resembled the wild partner. Most of the hybrid plants had 2n = 72 chromosomes and exhibited a morphology intermediate between the two fusion parents, but with a tendency towards cultivated potato. These plants flowered and set fruit when backcrossed with their S. tuberosum fusion parent. Key words: Potato (Solanum tuberosum), S. cardiophyllum, protoplast fusion, RAPD marker

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HOOFTMAN, DANNY A. P., MAAIKE J. DE JONG, J. GERARD B. OOSTERMEIJER, and HANS (J ). C. M. DEN NIJS. "Modelling the long-term consequences of crop-wild relative hybridization: a case study using four generations of hybrids." Journal of Applied Ecology 44, no. 5 (October 2007): 1035–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2007.01341.x.

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45

DUPUTIÉ, ANNE, PATRICE DAVID, CHANTAL DEBAIN, and DOYLE MCKEY. "Natural hybridization between a clonally propagated crop, cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and a wild relative in French Guiana." Molecular Ecology 16, no. 14 (July 3, 2007): 3025–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294x.2007.03340.x.

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46

Mohanty, A., B. Chrungu, N. Verma, and K. R. Shivanna. "Broadening the genetic base of crop brassicas by production of new intergeneric hybrid." Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 45, No. 3 (October 6, 2009): 117–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/35/2009-cjgpb.

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Wide hybridization between crop brassicas and their wild relatives is an important approach towards increasing the genetic variability, which can be utilised for brassica breeding programs. A new intergeneric hybrid between Erucastrum cardaminoides and Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra was produced using embryo rescue techniques. The F1 hybrid was intermediate between the male and female parent for most of the morphological characters. Cytological studies of pollen mother cells of the hybrid revealed a preponderance of univalents at metaphase I. The number of bivalents in the digenomic hybrid was lower than expected. However, the presence of trivalent and quadrivalent in cells indicated some homoeology between the two genomes and hence the possibility of introgression of genes into the cultivar. The first backcross progeny was obtained using B. oleracea var. alboglabra as the pollen parent. Further, it is being used for developing new alloplasmic lines. The intergeneric hybrid was also used as bridge species to transfer wild (E. cardaminoides) cytoplasm to B. napus and B. carinata. The new intergeneric hybrid and bridge cross hybrids produced in the present investigation have contributed towards increasing the genic and cytoplasmic variability and thus broadening the genetic base of crop brassicas.

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NASSAR, NAGIB M. A. "BROADENING THE GENETIC BASE OF CASSAVA, Manihot esculenta Crantz, BY INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDIZATION." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 69, no. 3 (July 1, 1989): 1071–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps89-129.

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Controlled crosses by vector insects resulted in the production of interspecific hybrids of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and Manihot species, while manual crosses failed. Marker genes for hairy stem, red disk, unribbed fruit, and foliaceous brackteoles proved efficient in recognizing interspecific hybridization between Manihot species and cassava.Key words: Wild cassava, Manihot neusana, Manihot anomala, interspecific hybridization, marker genes

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Seiler, Gerald J. "Genetic Resources of the Sunflower Crop Wild Relatives for Resistance to Sunflower Broomrape." Helia 42, no. 71 (November 18, 2019): 127–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/helia-2019-0012.

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AbstractOne of the most threatening holoparasitic plant species is Orobanche cumana Wallr. (sunflower broomrape), mainly distributed in the Mediterranean region and Western Asia where it exclusively parasitizes sunflowers. Sunflower broomrape (BR) is a very destructive parasitic weed causing significant yield losses under high infestations that can easily spread and is vulnerable to mutations. Broomrape is highly variable, controlled by vertical single dominant resistance genes leading to the rapid and frequent breakdown of resistance. This subsequently leads to the continuing need for new unique genes from multiple sources for controlling new emerging virulent races. The USDA-ARS, National Plant Germplasm System crop wild relatives (CWR) collection contains 2,519 accessions of 53 species with 14 annual species (1641 accessions) and 39 perennial species (878 accessions). This CWR collection provides a vast genetic resource for new BR resistance genes, especially in Europe and the Middle East. Sunflower CWR evaluations for new resistance genes for BR races have demonstrated that they are a substantial reservoir for existing and new emerging virulent races. Resistance to sunflower broomrape, including immunity, has been reported in seven annual and 32 perennial species. These sources discovered in the sunflower CWR confer resistance to new virulent broomrape races F, G, and H, and others that have not been assigned a race designation. Since several of the resistant CWR sources are annual and have the same chromosome number as cultivated sunflower, broomrape resistance genes can be incorporated into hybrid sunflower through interspecific hybridization. The diverse sources of resistance from the CWR provide breeders with the prospect for durable broomrape control through exploiting genetic resistance for existing and newly emerging races.

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Ellstrand, Norman C. "Current knowledge of gene flow in plants: implications for transgene flow." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 358, no. 1434 (June 29, 2003): 1163–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2003.1299.

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Plant evolutionary biologists' view of gene flow and hybridization has undergone a revolution. Twenty–five years ago, both were considered rare and largely inconsequential. Now gene flow and hybridization are known to be idiosyncratic, varying with the specific populations involved. Gene flow typically occurs at evolutionarily significant rates and at significant distances. Spontaneous hybridization occasionally has important applied consequences, such as stimulating the evolution of more aggressive invasives and increasing the extinction risk for rare species. The same problems have occurred for spontaneous hybridization between crops and their wild relatives. These new data have implications for transgenic crops: (i) for most crops, gene flow can act to introduce engineered genes into wild populations; (ii) depending on the specific engineered gene(s) and populations involved, gene flow may have the same negative impacts as those observed for traditionally improved crops; (iii) gene flow's idiosyncratic nature may frustrate management and monitoring attempts; and (iv) intercrop transgene flow, although rarely discussed, is equally worthy of study.

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Jhala, Amit J., Linda M. Hall, and Jocelyn C. Hall. "Potential Hybridization of Flax with Weedy and Wild Relatives: An Avenue for Movement of Engineered Genes?" Crop Science 48, no. 3 (2008): 825. http://dx.doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2007.09.0497.

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