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1
Mott, Andrea Lynn. "Running Wild, Running Free?: Changing Perceptions of Wild Horses in the American Landscape." Diss., North Dakota State University, 2014. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/27381.
Full textAbstract:
Since the 1930s, wild horses have become a subject of public concern. They are often showcased as symbols representing the historic past of the western United States. More recently they have become symbols of a mythic, or imagined, west. Writers, scholars, politicians, advocates, ranchers, and land managers are among the few groups who have taken a role in the livelihood of these animals living freely on public rangelands. The protection movement that began in the 1950s and carried over into the 1970s ultimately resulted in the passage of the 1971 Wild Free-Roaming Horses and Burros Act. This act placed all wild horses living on public rangelands under the protection of the Bureau of Land Management and the Forest Service. Before this legislation individuals in the West could round up wild horses without interference. Afterwards, only the federal government and appointed contractors were allowed to do this. As a result of all the policy changes people in the general public began learning more about the wild horse situation in the United States.
Perceptions regarding wild horses have undergone some change since the passage of the 1934 Taylor Grazing Act. Case studies contained in this dissertation provide examples of perceptions in different parts of the country. The personal narratives gathered from these areas are analyzed as essential pieces to the wild horse dilemma. They help provide an additional lens through which scholars can examine the changing perceptions regarding wild horses. The second section of this dissertation delves into the developmental stages of wild horse protection in the United States. Advocates, activists, and politicians sometimes view the subject in varying ways and those are examined. Legislation, slaughter, holding facilities, and adoption methods are a few of the main areas analyzed within this section. As times have changed it has become necessary to reform and adapt under the Act of 1971. Doing this could ensure the future of wild horses living in the United States. Perceptions about them have changed, and it is still a subject wrought with emotion, but American identity is still connected to their aesthetic appeal.
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Walter, Michelle, and n/a. "The Population ecology of wild horses in the Australian Alps." University of Canberra. Resource, Environmental and Heritage Sciences, 2002. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20050412.151308.
Full textAbstract:
In this thesis I examine the population ecology of wild horses (Equus caballus) in the
Australian Alps. Wild horses were first introduced into the Alps over 150 years ago.
Paradoxically, they are a feral animal impacting on the environment, but are also a cultural
icon. Managing wild horse populations is contentious and needs to be founded on knowledge
of their population ecology. This is the first study of its kind in the Australian Alps and
therefore has a broad focus. Four general areas were addressed: distribution, estimation of
abundance and density, population dynamics and the influence of brumby-running. The study
was conducted between 1999 and 2002 inclusive in the Australian Alps national parks, which
form a contiguous protected area in south-eastern Australia from the Australian Capital
Territory (ACT) in the north, through New South Wales (NSW) and into Victoria in the
south.
The current distribution of wild horses in the Australian Alps national parks is patchy. There
are five major discrete populations in NSW and Victoria with the northern most population in
Kosciuszko National Park (NSW) bordering on the ACT. A review of published material and
oral history reveals historic influences on distribution. The presence of each population is
associated with introductions by people. The distribution of some populations expanded after
introductions and many have fluctuated over time. Distributions have been contained or
reduced through control by people, natural events such as snow and drought and by
geographical barriers. Park managers eliminated a population of wild horses in the ACT in
the 1980s. Distributions have expanded in areas without active management (notably
northern Kosciuszko National Park) and are likely to continue expanding under a policy of
no management.
In February and March 2001, abundance and density of wild horses were estimated by
helicopter aerial survey in areas where the mapping showed horses to occur. This was the
first time that these parameters have been estimated empirically. I compared three different
aerial survey techniques (strip, mark-recapture and line transect) based on relative accuracy
and precision and found that line transect analysis gave the highest, most precise estimate.
Given that aerial surveys usually underestimate abundance, this method was also likely to be
the most accurate. Mark-recapture over a 50m wide strip gave a similar result but lacked
precision. Strip and mark-recapture techniques performed poorly over 200m strips because
animals were missed. Numbers observed dropped off dramatically beyond the 50m strip.
Line transect analysis (for both observers combined) gave an estimate of 5010 (+/- 1408SE)
horses while mark recapture over 50 metres gave an estimate of 4915 (+/-2733SE). These
estimates correspond to a density of 1.8 horses km-2 over the area surveyed (2789km2). The
results suggest that aerial surveys of large mammals using a wide strip width (200m) and
mark recapture analysis may seriously underestimate population density.
The population dynamics and demography of wild horses were estimated at three sites, Big
Boggy, Cowombat and Currango, every spring and autumn over 3 years. The sites were
spread widely across the Alps with the aim of obtaining a broad understanding of population
dynamics. The survey used Pollock�s robust design and natural markings were used to
identify individuals. There was a seasonal spring peak in population size at Big Boggy with
no clear seasonal trend at the other two sites. Mean wild horse densities determined at Big
Boggy (2.01km-2) and Currango (2.13km-2) were not significantly (p<0.5) different to the
density calculated in the aerial survey, whereas density was significantly higher at Cowombat
(6.4 km-2). Census techniques were of limited use in estimating annual population growth
rate because of low precision.
Demographic analysis showed that none of the populations were increasing at the maximum
intrinsic rate (l = 1.2), and the Big Boggy and Cowombat populations may be stable (l =
1.0/yr). There was an apparent trend of food limitation across the sites. Body condition was
positively related (p<0.01) to pasture biomass. The Currango population was increasing (l =
0.09) associated with higher recruitment, body condition and pasture biomass than in the
other two populations studied. The Cowombat population had the lowest annual finite rate of
increase (l = 1.03), and horses at this site were in the poorest condition and pasture biomass
was lowest. The Big Boggy population was intermediate between the two.
Annual adult survival was constant in all populations at 0.91. Survival in the first three years
of life was more variable with the average at each site ranging from 0.63/yr to 0.76/yr. An
average of 0.26 female foals was born per adult female per year. Sensitivity analysis showed
that population growth rate is most sensitive to changes in adult survival, followed by
fecundity and then survival in the first three years of life. The dynamics observed at each site
was representative of the demography of wild horses in other parts of the world and is typical
for large mammalian herbivores.
Brumby-running is a form of harvesting that is currently being used to control wild horses in
the Alpine National Park (Victoria) and is soon to be trialled in Kosciuszko National Park
(NSW). The effectiveness of brumby-running has not been assessed prior to this study. Data
collected by the Alpine Brumby Management Association and predictive modelling were
used to examine the influence of brumby-running on the wild horse population in Alpine
National Park. Brumby-runners remove about 200 horses per year with a preference for
young animals and adult females. More horses are caught in autumn (61/yr) and least in
summer (30/yr) (p<0.05). Brumby-runners do not appear (p>0.05) to target horses in poor
condition. One skilled brumby-runner caught an average of 1.16 horses/day, while his
companions caught an average of 0.55 horses/day. Brumby-runners show behaviour
analogous to social carnivores. Predictive modelling suggests that brumby-runners could
suppress the population of wild horses in Alpine National Park similar to the effects of
predators, or human harvesting of other large mammals. Selecting young animals in the
harvest reduces the impact of harvesting on the population compared to unselective
harvesting, while selecting adult females increases the predicted impact.
There are several management recommendations based on the findings of this thesis that
address concerns for both environmental impact and the cultural value of wild horses. The
distribution of wild horses should not be allowed to expand further, and the size of the wild
horse population should be prevented from increasing further. Other management
recommendations that are more complex involve reducing some populations so that the level
of environmental impact they are causing is acceptable. This requires a definition of
�acceptable impact.� Finally managers should consider eradicating smaller populations.
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Baptista, Catarina Vinhas Jota. "Gastrointestinal parasites in Przewaslki’s horses (Equus ferus przewalskii), in Pentezug Wild horse reserve, Hortobagy National Park, Hungary." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/18200.
Full textAbstract:
Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina VeterináriaEquus ferus przewalskii, currently assumed as subspecies of E. ferus, is considered as endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). The ex situ conservation has been crucial for the continued preservation of this subspecies, once considered extinct in the wild. The Pentezug Wildhorse Reserve, located in the Hortobágy National Park, in Hungary, has one of the biggest ex situ populations of Przewalski’s horses and it’s aimed to preserve its typical landscape and to study wild horses in a semi-wild habitat, making part of this subspecies reintroduction plan. Currently, this population comprises almost 280 Przewalski's horses, sharing the area with a population of domestic cattle (Bos primigenius taurus), carefully bred to reconstructed aurochs (Bos primigenius). In this study, 79 faecal samples were collected and the coprological methods (McMaster, Willis floatation, natural sedimentation, Baermann and coproculture) and corresponding microscopic identification were performed in all the samples. Results show an average level of 1286.7 Eggs per Gram (EPG), which is considered a high level of parasitism. All the 79 samples analysed were positive for strongylid-type eggs (100% prevalence) (79/79), with a dominance of the cyasthostominae, when compared to strongylinae and tricostrongylidae. Moreover, a total of 15 different morphological L3 types and/or species identified of the order Strongylida. Additionally, 27.8% (22/79) were positive to Parascaris sp. and 2.5% (2/79) contained Oxyuris equi in their expelled faeces. By the sedimentation method, we could only evidence a Trematoda egg (1/79). In the subfamily Cyathostominae, L3 of cyathostomins type A showed 100% prevalence. In Strongilinae, Strongylus vulgaris is the most prevalent (40.5%), followed by Triodontophorus serratus (12.7%). These results are consistent with the other studies performed in the same subspecies and represent the first survey of gastrointestinal parasites performed with this level of detail in this population of Przewalski’s horses. Statistically, this study revealed that animals infected by Parascaris spp. tend to be positive in association with cyathostomins type C. In the same way, animals infected by T.serratus tend to be positive for Poteriostomum spp., possibly due to the propensity of juveniles for these two parasites revealed in this study. Furthermore, males have more S. vulgaris infections than females and animals infected by S. vulgaris tend to have lower levels of EPG. These results reveal the importance of parasite monitoring in wild ex situ populations, especially those that can be part of a reintroduction program, to better-knowing their pathogenic potential, possible parasite associations, predisposition factors and consequences for the subspecies conservation.
RESUMO - Parasitas gastrointestinais em cavalos de Przewalski (Equus ferus przewalskii), na reserva de cavalo selvagem do Pentezug, Parque Nacional de Hortobágy, Hungria - Equus ferus przewaslkii é classificada como uma subespécie de E. ferus. Presentemente, encontra-se em perigo, segundo a União Internacional para a Conservação da Natureza (IUCN), apesar de já ter assumido o estatuto de Extinta na Natureza. Por este motivo, a conservação ex situ tem tido um papel crucial na conservação desta subespécie. A reserva de cavalo selvagem do Pentezug, inserida no parque nacional de Hortobágy, na Hungria, tem uma das maiores populações ex situ de cavalo de Przewalski, com os principais propósitos de conservar a paisagem característica da região e aprofundar os conhecimentos sobre a subespécie, fazendo parte do seu programa de reintrodução. Atualmente, esta população é composta por cerca de 280 cavalos de Przewalski, que partilham a pastagem com uma população de bovinos domésticos (Bos primigenius taurus), selecionada de forma a apresentar um fenótipo semelhante ao auroque (Bos primigenius). Foram colhidas 79 amostras fecais e os métodos coprológicos (McMaster, flutuação de Willis, sedimentação natural, Baermann e coprocultura) e a respetiva identificação microscópica foram executados para todas as amostras. Os resultados demonstraram um nível de parasitismo médio de 1286,7 ovos por grama (OPG), o que representa um valor elevado. Todas as amostras foram positivas para ovos do tipo estrongilídeo (100% de prevalência) (79/79), com uma dominância dos ciatosmíneos, comparando com estrongílideos e tricostrongilídeos, e revelaram uma diversidade de 15 espécies ou morfotipos de L3 dentro da ordem Strongylida. Adicionalmente, 27,8% (22/79) foram positivas para Parascaris sp., 2,5% (2/79) dos animais continham Oxyuris equi nas fezes expelidas e numa amostra foi detetado um ovo de trematode (1/79). As L3 de ciatostomíneos de tipo A revelaram uma prevalência de 100%. Na subfamília Strongilinae, Strongylus vulgaris foi o mais prevalente (40.5%), seguido de Triodontophorus serratus (12,7%). Estes resultados são consistentes com outros estudos efetuados na espécie e representam o 1º estudo parasitológico na população de Pentezug, realizado com este nível de detalhe. Estatisticamente, este estudo revelou que animais positivos a Parascaris spp. tendem a ser positivos para ciatostomíneos do tipo C. O mesmo acontece entre T. serratus e Poteriostomum spp., possivelmente devido à predisposição dos juvenis para estes dois parasitas revelada neste estudo. Do mesmo modo, os machos têm mais infeções por S. vulgaris do que as fêmeas e os animais positivos para este parasita tendem a ter níveis mais baixos de OPG. Estes resultados demonstram a importância da monitorização parasitológica em populações ex situ, especialmente as que fazem parte de um programa de reintrodução, com o objetivo de aprofundar o conhecimento sobre o poder patogénico dos agentes, possíveis coinfeções, fatores de risco e consequências para a conservação da subespécie.
N/A
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Bender, Kathryn Elizabeth. "Marketing for Sustainability: Government Management of Wild Horses and Producer Date Labeling of Foods." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1562859068154192.
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Adekunle, Omotoyosi O. "A CONJOINT ANALYSIS STUDY OF PREFERENCES AND PURCHASING BEHAVIOR OF POTENTIAL ADOPTERS OF THE BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT WILD HORSES." UKnowledge, 2015. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/agecon_etds/33.
Full textAbstract:
This study uses conjoint analysis to examine the preferences of buyers for Bureau of Land Management (BLM) wild horses based on physical attributes of wild horses and individual characteristics of the buyers. Generalized ordered logit models and multinomial logit models are used to study the impact of the buyers’ demographic characteristics such as age, gender, knowledge about wild horse care, and number of wild horses previously adopted on physical attributes of the horses such as color, age, height, training status, temperament, conformation, and unique markings. Using a choice experiment, taken together, these attributes determine buyer’s preferences for a wild horse. This study reveals that characteristics of buyers have significant effects on their preferences for wild horses. Their gender, age, knowledge about wild horse care, and the number of horses previously adopted influence the importance that buyers place on physical attributes of a wild horse in their decision to purchase a wild horse.
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Deshpande, Ketaki. "Profiling Populations Using Neutral Markers, Major Histocompatibility Complex Genes and Volatile Organic Compounds as Modeled in Equus caballus Linnaeus." FIU Digital Commons, 2016. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3044.
Full textAbstract:
Assessing the genetics of wild animal populations aims to understand selective pressures, and factors whether it be inbreeding or adaptation, that affect the genome. Although numerous techniques are available for assessing population structure, a major obstacle in studying wild populations is obtaining samples from the animals without having to capture them, which can lead to undue distress and injury. Therefore, biologists often use non-invasive sampling methods (i.e., collection of feces, hair) to extract host DNA. In this study, new DNA extraction protocols were developed that improved the quality and quantity of DNA obtained from fecal matter. Fecal samples aged up to Day 6 as well as field samples with unknown days since defecation were successful in individualization of the contributors using microsatellites and were further used to demonstrate kinship. Neutral markers such as short tandem repeat, and mitochondrial D-loop sequences are used for assessing relatedness and evolutionary relationships and can mutate without detrimental effects on the organism. Loci, such as the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), adapt more rapidly under selective pressure such as parasite load, or resistance to diseases and support natural selection processes. Analysis of the neutral microsatellites in Big Summit feral horse population demonstrated a population lacking diversity and trending towards being an inbred population. However, examination of the MHC genes showed maintenance of greater variation that may be the result of selection pressures. The MHC similarity and lower genetic demarcation between geographically separated horse populations further indicated effect of selection pressures in preserving diversity at the MHC genes. Although such molecular markers are used in profiling populations, the current study was also successful in demonstrating the use of individual odor profiles as an additional profiling tool. Volatile organic compounds (VOC) obtained from hair of domestic horses were able to individualize horses as well as differentiate between horse breeds and display kinship. The relation of genetics to odor phenotype is of interest as the inherent polymorphic nature of MHC genes has the potential to generate unique combinations of genotypes that presumably produce distinct odor phenotypes. Subsequently, this study was able to show a significant correlation between MHC genotypes and VOC odor profiles in horses. Understanding the relationship between MHC and odor using domestic horses with known relatedness provides evidence that these same correlations may be applicable to wild equids and dictates their harem hierarchal social structure.
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Kaagan, Laura Mollie. "The horse in late Pleistocene and Holocene Britain." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2000. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1318059/.
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Until now, the horse was one of the few members of the British Late Pleistocene and Holocene fauna which had yet to be fully investigated. In this thesis, chronological, palaeoecological and morphological data based on direct investigations of British and European fossil and sub-fossil horses are presented. The time-frame encompasses the latest certain wild horses in Britain and continental Europe through to the early diversification of domestic types, and thus spans the interval from c. 15,000-2,000 years before present (BP). The gazetteers presented are the result of a thorough survey and intensive study of all relevant British (as well as selected continental) collections of fossil and sub-fossil horse material. Furthermore, the incorporation into this project of a radiocarbon accelerator dating programme has provided 45 new, direct horse dates from 31 British/Irish sites. A systematic review of all new and previously obtained dates reveals a complex pattern of chronological and geographical distribution for horses during the study interval. These data are interpreted with reference to known climatic and environmental events which are detailed. Further investigations are presented which reveal the ecological reactions of wild horses to underlying environmental factors such as climate change and vegetational succession. Questions of body size variability as well as taxonomic and relationship issues are addressed by means of a detailed morphological investigation. Cranial and postcranial measurements are employed to expose variation and diversification of size and form among wild and domestic animals of three key periods: Mid-Devensian, Late Glacial/early Post Glacial, middle to later Post Glacial. In addition, body size comparisons are made between British and continental horses for each episode. Finally, there is discussion of alternative ways of revealing relationships between ancient and modern horses. In particular, molecular evidence is reviewed with the aim of assessing its value to taxonomic, morphological and chronological studies
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Elizondo, Vanessa Valentina. "An economic analysis of the wild horse and burro program." Thesis, Montana State University, 2011. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2011/elizondo/ElizondoV0511.pdf.
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In 1971 Congress enacted Public Law 92-195, known as the Wild Free-Roaming Horse and Burro Act, as a result of public concerns about wild horse abuse and population declines. As a consequence, the Wild Horse and Burro program was created to manage these animals under the administration of the Bureau of Land Management (BLM). In recent years as more wild horses have gone into long-term holding facilities, the costs of the program have increased to levels that are not likely to be politically sustainable. Two aspects of the Wild Horse and Burro program are analyzed in this thesis. First, the BLM's decisions regarding when to conduct a gather of excess animals and how many animals to remove are studied. A political economy analysis is developed to estimate the effects of interest groups on these decisions. Second, this thesis analyzes the relevance of horse characteristics in determining both the likelihood of a wild horse being disposed of and the price paid by adopters and buyers. To estimate the marginal value for each wild horse characteristic a hedonic price regression is estimated. The hedonic regression results are then used to estimate the benefits and costs of various modifications in the BLM's disposal program. The results obtained from the political economy analysis suggest that the decisions made by the BLM with respect to the removal of excess animals are responsive to the interests of grazing holders. The greater the level of overlap between grazing allotments and a herd management area, the higher the likelihood of the BLM conducting a gather and the more animals will be removed in a given year. The results obtained from the hedonic pricing model show that characteristics such as sex, color, training, and age are statistically significant in explaining the variation observed in fees paid by adopters and buyers. In addition, it is found that reductions in the standard minimum adoption fee would increase the number of wild horses the BLM is able to dispose of to private parties, and would save the taxpayers substantial sums by reducing the costs of keeping wild horses in long-term holding.
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Sullivan, Curtis J. "Too Many American Icons: Conflicting Ideologies of Wild Horse Management in the American West." Diss., North Dakota State University, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/29873.
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Wild free-roaming horses in the American West continue to exist in tension with the land they inhabit, the government that “manages” them, and the people that are impacted by them. The problem, argued here, is the result of the ideological construction of mustangs in American culture, and it calls forth questions about human-nature relationships as well as contemporary understandings of Environmentalism. This research follows in the theoretical foundations of Raymond Geuss and Tommie Shelby to unpack the epistemic properties (empirical evidence of the contexts from which ideologies are formed), functional properties (consequences of suffering and benefits as a result of ideologies), and genetic histories (historical contexts the construct the ideologies in a culture) of ideologies relating to wild horses in the West; by doing so it also provides insight into nature identification, the borders and barriers of human creations, and the limitations of access for performing environmentalism. This text focuses primarily on the life and experiences of Velma Bronn Johnston as an exemplar of environmental change in unexpected ways. Her narrative culminates in the passing of the Wild Free-Roaming Horse and Burro Act of 1971 that created material changes for the lives of mustangs in the West as well as long-term consequences for citizens of the United States of America. Consequentially, mustangs of the West face a population “problem” that costs the United States more than $80 million annually with almost no signs of decreasing.
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Akhkha, Abdellah. "Relative tolerances of wild and cultivated barleys to infection by Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei (syn. Erysiphe graminis f.sp. hordei)." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.340726.
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Rodriguez-Palacios, Alexander. "Ecology and Epidemiology of Human Pathogen Clostridium difficile in Foods, Food Animals and Wildlife." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1313582304.
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Wermelin, Johanna. "'I will work harder' : A Psychoanalytical Study of Boxer - the Horse, in Orwell's Animal Farm." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för humaniora, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-24159.
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The novel Animal Farm was primarily written as a satire on the Russian revolution, with the underlying intention to actively warn readers what happens when a totalitarian regime takes power. Manipulation and propaganda play a central role in the novella, but the ways in which the regime abuses its people psychologically appears to be of even greater importance. This essay examines and analyzes, from a psychoanalytical perspective, how Orwell portrays the characters that take part in the revolution and the psychology behind their behavior and the choices they make. The aim of the essay is to examine what the underlying factors are that enable a totalitarian leader to take hold of a community as this can be analyzed in Animal Farm. The character of Boxer the horse is central in the novel and of immediate interest, and is therefore analyzed in greater depth. The defense mechanisms denial and sublimation are examined closely in order to see what role they play in a totalitarian regime. Orwell delivers a serious message in Animal Farm, even though it is written as a satire with comic elements. By choosing to write it that way the novel is accessible to a wider audience than it would have been otherwise.
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Tildesley, Matthew Brinton. "The century guild hobby horse and Oscar Wilde : a study of British little magazines, 1884-1897." Thesis, Durham University, 2007. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/2449/.
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This thesis is a detailed examination of subversive aesthetic and decadent British periodicals from 1884 until 1897. Viewed as cultural documents, the magazines The Century Guild Hobby Horse, The Dial, The Yellow Book and The Savoy are explored with particular reference to their positioning of the artist in relation to society. Major secondary sources are the works of Oscar Wilde and Walter Pater's The Renaissance: Studies in Art and Poetry. The Hobby Horse is viewed as being the origin of a particular discourse on the importance of the artist for society at large, and its editorial bias is examined as being a product of certain Hellenic elements in Oxford of the 1860s and 1870s. Wilde's The Picture of Dorian Gray features heavily in the first section. The book is initially used as a touchstone for exploring the issues of the Socratic master-pupil relationships, clandestine and subversive sexuality, the duality of subversive literary texts, and the transition from aestheticism into decadence, after which Wilde's only novel is shown to have been inspired in part by specific writings within the Hobby Horse itself. The second section examines the importance of Catholicism to a renaissance of the Hellenic within artistic communities of the 1880s and '90s, and the third and final section explores the legacy of these elements of the Hobby Horse in the later magazines The Dial, The Yellow Book and The Savoy. Specific attention is paid to the perceived relationship between Oscar Wilde and the Yellow Book in the final chapters, where the erroneous nature of the supposed links between Wilde and the Yellow Book is exposed, and Wilde's true connection with the little-known Century Guild Hobby Horse is revealed.
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Makhalas, Kharsan Al, and Faisal Alsehlli. "Wind Power." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för tillämpad signalbehandling, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-4336.
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This Bachelor thesis has been written at the Blekinge Institute of Technology. This thesis concentrates on the wind power and their components, also the large wind farm is studied. The electrical power is generated by using the power in wind to drive a wind turbine to produce mechanical power. This mechanical power can be converted into electrical power by using electrical induction generators. There are two types of the wind turbines, the horizontal axis and vertical axis wind turbine, where the horizontal axis wind turbine is mostly used and was studied in this thesis. The rotor can be placed in two directions: an upwind rotor where the blade of turbine faces to the wind, so it operates more smoothly and transmit more power. The other type is a downwind rotor which orients itself with respect for the wind direction. Moreover, the tower shadow makes the blade to flex, consequently resulting in fatigue, noise, and reduces output of the power. The modern wind turbine has been built with an odd number of blades which is important for the stability of the turbine. The rotor with an odd number of blades can be considered to be similar to a disc when calculating the dynamic properties of the machine. The main idea of this thesis is to study the wind power in general and large wind parks specifically. The Horns Rev wind park was taken as an example of a wind park in Denmark and the Gotland wind park as an example of a wind park in Sweden too. Into account, the distance between wind turbine in the wind direction cannot be too small. If the wind turbines are located to close to each other, the wind will be more and more turbulent after it passes through each single wind turbine. This would lead to that wind turbines downstream in the wind park, and it might even have to shut down due to that mechanical loading gets to high during strong conditions. This is due to the fact that when wind passes through the rotor of the wind turbine it gets very turbulent and the wind speed is decreased. The minimum length of the rotor should be approximately 5-7 rotor diameters to avoid that issue. Gotland Energy AB (GEAB) considered, that high voltage direct current light would be the only realistic way to solve the technical problems for the high amount of wind power in-feed. One result is that The stability of voltage during transient events, has become much better by using the high voltage direct current light so that the output current stability from the asynchronous generators have been improved, which reduces the stresses on the AC grid and on the mechanical construction of the windmills.In general the wind turbines with three blades accommodated a thicker root are used. It is obvious that, the less number of blades on the wind turbine, the cost of material and manufacturing will be lower. It is worthy to mentioned that, the modern wind turbine has been built with an odd number of blades. When the length of the blade increases the deflection of blade tip due to axial wind force also increase as well. So without consider the increase in length of blade may lead to dangerous situation of collision of tower and blade. Moreover, by increasing the number of blades cost of the system would increased as well. The limit of transfer for the AC transmission system depends on the distance from shore and is therefore physically limited by this. AC large wind parks that are placed at a long distance from the shore, which means AC long transmission line, and more drop voltage A solution to AC long transmission line, it could be to decrease the offshore frequency and use a low frequency AC networks. There is a suggestion by for instance (Schütte, Gustavsson and Ström 2011). The usages of a low frequency system are in electrified railway systems, where the frequency ranges from 16.67 Hz to 25 Hz. However, the network of a low frequency would allow a simpler design of the offshore WTs and The aerodynamic rotor of a large WT operates at maximum revolutions at 15-20 rpm. The lower frequency would then allow a smaller gear ratio for turbines with a gearbox, or decrease the poles number for WTs with direct driven generators. This would lead to lighter and cheaper turbines. One of the disadvantages by using a low frequency system is the size of transformer would be increased, and hence, the costs of transformer will increased too. The operator of the grid, Gotland Energy AB (GEAB) considered, that HVDC light would be the only realistic way to solve the technical problems for the high amount of wind power in-feed. The experiences have supported expected improvements in the characteristics for example: - Stability in the system arose. - Reactive demands, power flows, as well as voltage level in the harmonic and system were reduced. - Flicker problems were eliminated with the installation of HVDC light and transient phenomena disappeared. Moreover, Overall experiences of Gotland Energy AB (GEAB) are that the control of power flow from the converters makes the AC grid easier to observe than a conventional AC network and the power variations do not stress the AC grid as much as in normal network. Voltage quality has been better with the increased wind power production. A topic to study in the future is the consequences of blackouts in power supply with many wind power farm.
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Correia, Pedro Miguel Fernandes. "Simulation of far wake effects generated by offshore wind farms using the WRF model: the Horns Rev test case." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/17560.
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Mestrado em Meteorologia e Oceanografia FísicaAvanços tecnológicos e científicos contínuos contribuíram para a melhoria da relação custo/benefício na exploração de energia eólica offshore. Esses avanços levaram ao aumento do número e tamanho de novos parques eólicos offshore. O crescente número de parques em algumas zonas leva a que surjam áreas com uma alta concentração de parques eólicos, algumas delas dentro da raio de influência de outros parques situados na sua vizinhança. Devido à proximidade entre parques, estes podem funcionar como um obstáculo para o fluxo normal do vento e afectar a velocidade do vento noutros parques situados a jusante. Efeitos de esteira distante provocados pelo efeito combinado de efeitos de esteiras de turbinas e de clusters ou parques individuais podem originar deficits de velocidade significativos numa grande área ao redor de uma zona de interesse. O estudo das interacções entre parques eólicos e as resultantes perdas por efeito de esteira em parques eólicos vizinhos é um aspecto importante que deve ser tido em conta quando se decide o "layout" e localização de novos parques offshore. Devido às condições favoráveis para a exploração de energia eólica offshore no Mar de Norte, a concentração de parques eólicos nessa região é alta e continua a aumentar tornando-a uma zona indicada para este tipo de estudo. Quando se considera uma área destas dimensões, o tamanho do domínio e a resolução horizontal podem tornar-se num obstáculo difícil de ultrapassar. Devido a que os modelos actuais usados para o estudo de efeito de esteira necessitam de um poder computacional bastante elevado, é bastante difícil simular áreas com centenas de quilómetros de comprimento que englobam vários parques eólicos offshore com diferentes áreas, características e tipo de turbinas eólicas. A recente implementação de parameterizações de parques eólicos no código fonte de modelos de mesoscala pode constituir uma ferramenta indispensável para ultrapassar estes obstáculos. Usando o modelo de mesoscala Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF), que inclui uma parameterização de parque eólico, simularam-se os parques eólicos offshore de Horns Rev 1 e Horns Rev 2. Este trabalho tenta quantificar o deficit de velocidade no parque de Horns Rev 1 devido à construção do parque de Horns Rev 2 na vizinhança do mesmo. Uma validação dos resultados é efectuada usando dados medidos de várias torres situadas na zona do parque de Horns Rev 1, e uma análise do potencial desta metodologia é efectuada.
Continuous technological and scientific advances have contributed to the improvement of the relation cost-benefi in the exploitation of offshore wind farms. Those advances have propelled the construction of new and larger offshore wind farms and have contributed to a high concentration of wind farms in several areas, some of them built within the radius of influence of other neighbour wind farms. Because of their proximity, some of them might impact the wind conditions on other downstream plants. Pronounced far wakes effects generated by the combination of individual wind turbines and single or clusters of wind farms can provoke significant wind speed deficits within a large radius around a given location. The study of these wind farm interactions and the resulting wake losses on neighbouring wind farms is an important aspect that should be taken into account when deciding the layout and location of new offshore plants. Due to its favourable conditions to wind energy exploitation, the concentration of offshore wind farms in the North Sea region is high and it is still increasing making it a suitable location for this study. When onsidering such a large area, the domain size and resolution of the numerical models might be an obstacle difficult to overcome. Since current wake models require high computational power, it is very di fficult to simulate areas with hundreds of kilometres and several wind farms with different sizes, characteristics and different types of turbines. The recent implementations of wind farm parameterizations in the source code of mesoscale models could provide the required tool to over come those constraints. Using the state of the art Weather Resear ch and Forecasting (WRF) mesoscale model, that in cludes a wind farm parameterization scheme, the Horns Rev 1 and Horns Rev 2 wind farms are simulated. This work tries to ascertain the wind speed deficits in the Horns Rev 1 wind farm due to the constru ction of the Horns Rev 2 plant in its proximity. An evaluation of the results is performed against real measurements from the site and the capabilities of the methodology are disc ussed.
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Mailman, Matthew. "An Interpretive Approach to Two Wind Partitas of Franz Vincent Krommer: Partita in F, Op. 57 (1808) and Partita in E-flat, Op. 79 (1810), A Lecture Recital : Together with Three Recitals of Selected Works of Stravinsky, Hanson, Martin Mailman, Holst and Walton." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1995. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc277888/.
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An interpretive approach to performing two works by Franz Krommer for wind ensemble. Including a short history of Harmoniemusik, with origins, development, and chronology of the instruments and repertoire, the roles of "better-known" composers of Harmoniemusik, and its importance in both general music history and history of the wind band. An account of known biographical detail concerning Franz Krommer, his life, his musical involvement and career in Europe, and his place in music history. An overview of his compositions for wind groups other than the Harmoniemusik, including his symphonic music and concertos. Detailed analyses of the two octet-partitas, Partita in F, Op. 57 and Partita in E-flat, Op. 79, with discussion of thematic, harmonic, melodic, articulation, and formal characteristics illustrated through score examples. Examination of issues for a conductor to consider when approaching a performance of these works such as instrumentation (modern vs. period instruments, selecting 16-foot instrument), taking (or not taking) repeats with respect to form, interpreting articulations, determining metronomic tempos, ensemble balance, and style based on wind music of the Classical period. Also, how this music can (and why it should) be used by wind conductors as both a teaching supplement and a compositional model for pieces from the Classical period. Conclusion includes a call for further research on Krommer and his works.
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Manz, Margarida Borges Marques do Carmo. "A motivação do idoso para a manutenção na prática regular do exercício físico." Master's thesis, Instituições portuguesas -- UP-Universidade do Porto -- -Faculdade de Ciências do Desporto e de Educação Física, 1999. http://dited.bn.pt:80/29098.
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Martins, Carla Alexandra Ramalho de Sena. "A reforma do atleta no desporto." Master's thesis, Instituições portuguesas -- UTL-Universidade Técnica de Lisboa -- -Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, 1999. http://dited.bn.pt:80/29155.
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Costa, Luís Manuel Alves. "A recuperação do património lúdico e a sua utilização como actividade física para pessoas idosas-estudo dos aspectos motivacionais que favorecem a continuidade da sua prática." Master's thesis, Instituições portuguesas -- UP-Universidade do Porto -- -Faculdade de Ciências do Desporto e de Educação Física, 2000. http://dited.bn.pt:80/29267.
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Dissertação de Mestrado em Ciência do Desporto, área de especialização em Desporto de Recreação e Lazer, apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências do Desporto e de Educação Física da Universidade do PortoO número de velhos está a aumentar desproporcionalmente a outras faixas etárias o que é devido à redução da natalidade. Os progressos da ciência têm favorecido uma considerável melhoria do bem estar, saúde e qualidade de vida, reflectidas no aumento da esperança média de vida. O processo de envelhecimento tornou-se um importante objecto de estudo, não só pela necessidade de conhecer as causas que nele actuam, mas também, para desenvolver estratégias que atenuem os seus efeitos. De entre os factores que são identificados como fundamentais frenadores do envelhecimento, destaca-se a actividade física. Porém, o número de aderentes a uma prática regular, assim como o tipo de actividades desenvolvidas, são insuficientes. Os programas de actividade física propostos, são muitas vezes desenquadrados dos interesses dos destinatários, das suas vivências e mesmo do seu reportório lúdico e motor. Assim sendo, foi objecto do presente estudo, identificar e conhecer as razões que levaram um grupo de idosos do meio rural a manterem uma prática regular de actividade física, fundamentada na recuperação dos seus patrimónios lúdico e motor, bem como perceber o grau da importância do tipo de actividades propostas para o sucesso do programa. Foram inicialmente realizadas entrevistas a 60 idosos de dois lares, em Melgaço e Monção e que aderiram ao projecto, para identificar e recuperar os seus patrimónios lúdicos e motores. Com base na informação recolhida, foram planificadas e administradas 60 sessões de actividade física (2 por semana em cada lar), nas quais vieram a participar 28 idosos, com idades compreendidas entre os 63 e 93 anos e após as quais foram submetidos a dois questionários: um de motivação para a manutenção na prática regular de exercício físico (QMMPRAF) elaborado por Manz (1999) e adaptado à realidade encontrada; outro referente à importância que o tipo de actividades propostas tiveram na decisão de manter uma prática regular. Devido à dimensão e heterogeneidade da amost ...
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Costa, Luís Manuel Alves. "Recuperação do património lúdico e a sua utilização como actividade física para pessoas idosas : Estudo dos aspectos motivacionais que favorecem a continuidade da sua prática." Master's thesis, Universidade do Porto. Reitoria, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/9986.
Full textAbstract:
Dissertação de Mestrado em Ciência do Desporto, área de especialização em Desporto de Recreação e Lazer, apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências do Desporto e de Educação Física da Universidade do PortoO número de velhos está a aumentar desproporcionalmente a outras faixas etárias o que é devido à redução da natalidade. Os progressos da ciência têm favorecido uma considerável melhoria do bem estar, saúde e qualidade de vida, reflectidas no aumento da esperança média de vida. O processo de envelhecimento tornou-se um importante objecto de estudo, não só pela necessidade de conhecer as causas que nele actuam, mas também, para desenvolver estratégias que atenuem os seus efeitos. De entre os factores que são identificados como fundamentais frenadores do envelhecimento, destaca-se a actividade física. Porém, o número de aderentes a uma prática regular, assim como o tipo de actividades desenvolvidas, são insuficientes. Os programas de actividade física propostos, são muitas vezes desenquadrados dos interesses dos destinatários, das suas vivências e mesmo do seu reportório lúdico e motor. Assim sendo, foi objecto do presente estudo, identificar e conhecer as razões que levaram um grupo de idosos do meio rural a manterem uma prática regular de actividade física, fundamentada na recuperação dos seus patrimónios lúdico e motor, bem como perceber o grau da importância do tipo de actividades propostas para o sucesso do programa. Foram inicialmente realizadas entrevistas a 60 idosos de dois lares, em Melgaço e Monção e que aderiram ao projecto, para identificar e recuperar os seus patrimónios lúdicos e motores. Com base na informação recolhida, foram planificadas e administradas 60 sessões de actividade física (2 por semana em cada lar), nas quais vieram a participar 28 idosos, com idades compreendidas entre os 63 e 93 anos e após as quais foram submetidos a dois questionários: um de motivação para a manutenção na prática regular de exercício físico (QMMPRAF) elaborado por Manz (1999) e adaptado à realidade encontrada; outro referente à importância que o tipo de actividades propostas tiveram na decisão de manter uma prática regular. Devido à dimensão e heterogeneidade da amost ...
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Freitas, Nuno Miguel Oliveira 1971. "Objectivos de realização e crenças sobre a competência desportiva-um estudo com atletas com deficiências visuais." Master's thesis, Instituições portuguesas -- UP-Universidade do Porto -- -Faculdade de Ciências do Desporto e de Educação Física, 2000. http://dited.bn.pt:80/29322.
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Flöhsler, Tomáš. "Energetické zásobování horské chaty." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-230370.
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The aim of this Graduation Thesis is to devise a system of energy supply intended to provide supply of electric and heat energy to a vacation property. The main feature of this energy supply project stands for a shift from mains power supply to alternative energy supply using renewable resources. The reason for this change is the fustiness of power lines and their negative effect on the surrounding landscape. Due to the fact that authorities did not permit renovation of these power lines, the only way to preserve the functionality of the vacation property is to secure its power supply by employing renewable resources. The vacation property (a mountain cottage) is located in Hrubý Jeseník Mountains, approximately 15 kilometers from the town of Šumperk. The thesis also contains a description of the way outlying settlements are currently supplied with energy, including the possibility of accumulation and a brief description of each electrical appliance’s power consumption. In the design itself, I calculated the necessary collector surface and analyzed the most effective collector placement. As for the wind energy system, I had to found the best spot to place the turbine. Last but not least, the thesis contains the technical-economical comparison of the proposed alternatives.
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Matos, Bela Elisabete Ferreira Correia de. "Atracção das crianças e jovens do Distrito de Coimbra para a prática de desporto escolar-estudo dos principais factores de socialização para o desporto." Master's thesis, Instituições portuguesas -- UP-Universidade do Porto -- -Faculdade de Ciências do Desporto e de Educação Física, 1999. http://dited.bn.pt:80/29087.
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Rebelo, António Lopes. "Motivos e causas do sucesso no desporto escolar-estudo no âmbito das escolas EB2/3 do concelho do Porto." Master's thesis, Instituições portuguesas -- UP-Universidade do Porto -- -Faculdade de Ciências do Desporto e de Educação Física, 1999. http://dited.bn.pt:80/29092.
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Lopes, Jorge Silva Castro. "Caracterização da participação e procura desportiva local : Contributo para o conhecimento e análise estratégica do sistema desportivo do concelho da Póvoa de Varzim." Master's thesis, Instituições portuguesas -- UP-Universidade do Porto -- -Faculdade de Ciências do Desporto e de Educação Física, 2000. http://dited.bn.pt:80/29266.
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Dissertação de Mestrado em Ciência do Desporto, área de especialização em Gestão Desportiva, apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências do Desporto e de Educação Física da Universidade do PortoA evolução social manifesta-se hoje em dia a um tal ritmo, que torna-se necessário perceber a cada momento a sua orientação e o que irá determinar posteriormente. O Desporto, identificado como um microcosmos da sociedade, sofre os efeitos consequentes das mudanças que vão ocorrendo, o que implica um conhecimento actualizado do Sistema Desportivo. Para que as Instituições e pessoas com competências para definir linhas orientadoras de política desportiva, assentem as suas opções e decisões numa base racional e objectiva, é determinante a existência de informação e dados que sustentem as mesmas. Assim, constituiu objectivo principal deste estudo conhecer a participação e procura desportiva no concelho da Póvoa de Varzim, no sentido de que o processo de actualização do Plano Estratégico de Desenvolvimento Desportivo seja consistente e se traduza por programas e projectos que vão de encontro às necessidades e motivações da população. Com a finalidade de alcançar tal pretensão, utilizei a entrevista pessoal, como método quantitativo de pesquisa, para aplicação de um questionário, a uma amostra de 765 indivíduos seleccionados de acordo com um procedimento de amostragem não probabilístico, por quotas de representatividade. Os valores alcançados revelaram-se extremamente satisfatórios, registando-se um índice de participação desportiva de 38%, superando o valor (23%) verificados no estudo de âmbito nacional Salomé Marivoet (1998). A falta de tempo livre constitui o principal motivo para a inactividade desportiva. A validade deste estudo e dos programas desenvolvidos pelas Instituições Desportivas Locais, em consequência da análise e exploração dos dados obtidos no mesmo, será certamente traduzida pelo sucesso sócio-desportivo resultante da sua implementação.
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Lopes, Jorge Silva Castro. "Caracterização da participação e procura desportiva local : Contributo para o conhecimento e análise estratégica do sistema desportivo do concelho da Póvoa de Varzim." Master's thesis, Universidade do Porto. Reitoria, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/10120.
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Dissertação de Mestrado em Ciência do Desporto, área de especialização em Gestão Desportiva, apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências do Desporto e de Educação Física da Universidade do PortoA evolução social manifesta-se hoje em dia a um tal ritmo, que torna-se necessário perceber a cada momento a sua orientação e o que irá determinar posteriormente. O Desporto, identificado como um microcosmos da sociedade, sofre os efeitos consequentes das mudanças que vão ocorrendo, o que implica um conhecimento actualizado do Sistema Desportivo. Para que as Instituições e pessoas com competências para definir linhas orientadoras de política desportiva, assentem as suas opções e decisões numa base racional e objectiva, é determinante a existência de informação e dados que sustentem as mesmas. Assim, constituiu objectivo principal deste estudo conhecer a participação e procura desportiva no concelho da Póvoa de Varzim, no sentido de que o processo de actualização do Plano Estratégico de Desenvolvimento Desportivo seja consistente e se traduza por programas e projectos que vão de encontro às necessidades e motivações da população. Com a finalidade de alcançar tal pretensão, utilizei a entrevista pessoal, como método quantitativo de pesquisa, para aplicação de um questionário, a uma amostra de 765 indivíduos seleccionados de acordo com um procedimento de amostragem não probabilístico, por quotas de representatividade. Os valores alcançados revelaram-se extremamente satisfatórios, registando-se um índice de participação desportiva de 38%, superando o valor (23%) verificados no estudo de âmbito nacional Salomé Marivoet (1998). A falta de tempo livre constitui o principal motivo para a inactividade desportiva. A validade deste estudo e dos programas desenvolvidos pelas Instituições Desportivas Locais, em consequência da análise e exploração dos dados obtidos no mesmo, será certamente traduzida pelo sucesso sócio-desportivo resultante da sua implementação.
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Trnková, Barbora. "Rozklad černé, technika nedůsledného překládání Světla." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta výtvarných umění, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-232329.
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Im interested in the topic of praying machine, because I want to analyze aspects of photography and its functions. It's known, that the reality is manipulated by photography. Bud we can also say, that the relationship between reality and photography is neutral in fact, that the manipulation is made by our interpretation of photography. The change of the reality can be realized just in the dialog between photography and reality. Can it be, that the mechanization change into the will? Does it prays praying mill or the buddhistic monk, who rotates the mill? When he believes into it, is it enough? Or is it enough if believes who watch the monk with his mill? ... The computers from he place A are "praying" the prayers from the place B. With Tomáš Javůrek we collaborated with Vladimír Veselý and Radek Lát to create the Game for re-articulation our reality on the base of the revision of our faith.
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Jacobsson, Madeleine. "Dr. Eleine Mad." Thesis, Kungl. Konsthögskolan, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kkh:diva-587.
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Dr. Eleine Mad är Madeleine Jacobsssons talesperson för dom vetenskapliga och paranormala upptäckter som uppstår i hennes världar. Hon beskriver innehåll, teknik och estetik utifrån ett kategoriseringssytem där konsten delas upp som olika typer av komponenter och därefter avkodas dessa allteftersom. För att förstå intuitionens inblandning i arbetsprocessen omförvandlas den till tre separata roller av en Sökare, Samlare och Myntare. Med rollerna försöker jag beskriva på vilka sätt som intuitionen är till gagn eller av förödelse för det konstnärliga arbetet. Sagan om M handlar om en grodlik karaktär, Delop, som lämnar sin hemplanet för att uppsöka andra världar. I sitt sökande hittar Delop ett folkslag vars syn och levnadssätt skiljer sig från hennes erfarenheter av “verkligheten” såsom hon lärt sig att överleva i den.Dr. Eleine Mad is Madeleine Jacobsson's spokesperson for the scientific and paranormal discoveries that arise in her worlds. She describes content, tecniques and aesthetics based on a categorization system where art is divided into different types of components and then decoded as they go. To understand the intuition's involvement in the work process, it is transformed into three separate roles by a Seeker, Collector and a Myntare(In swedish language the one who is a "myntare" -is verbally declaring a concept or term). With these roles I try to describe in what ways intuition is beneficial or devastating to the artistic work. The story of M is about a frog-like character, Delop, who leaves the home planet to seek out other worlds. In her search, Delop finds a world whose views and lifestyles differ from her experiences of "reality" as she learned to survive in it.
Recorded sound and image material of the presentation is available for private use.
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Reeves, Brian Butler Robert Olen. "Malihini and wild horses." 2003. http://etd.lib.fsu.edu/theses/available/etd-09182003-164845.
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Thesis (M.A.)--Florida State University, 2003.Advisor: Dr. Robert Olen Butler, Florida State University, College of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of English. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed Apr. 12, 2004). Includes bibliographical references.
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Bartell, Jennifer Ann. "Porcine zona pellucida immunocontraceptive vaccine for horses." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/27686.
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The Bureau of Land Management (BLM) maintains a growing number of feral horses on public rangelands. With population growth rates as high as 22% annually, herds are exceeding their carrying capacity and millions of dollars are spent maintaining captured horses in holding facilities awaiting adoption. To manage the feral horse population, the BLM is seeking a contraceptive that is safe, can be remotely delivered, requires only a single administration and is effective for several years. Contraceptive strategies have been developed for feral horses that include hormone implants, chemical intrauterine devices, and immunocontraception. Porcine zona pellucida (pZP) immunocontraceptive vaccines have shown great potential for providing safe, long-term contraception in feral horses. ImmunoVaccine Technologies (Halifax, Nova Scotia,
Canada) has developed a liposome encapsulated pZP formulation known as SpayVac™ (SpayVac), which after a single-dose provides multi-year contraceptive efficacy. In a continued effort to optimize the acceptability and efficacy of SpayVac, ImmunoVaccine Technologies developed alternative adjuvant preparations using either killed Mycobacterium butyricum (Modified Freund's Adjuvant; MFA) or a proprietary non-Mycobacterium based adjuvant (IVT) that are proposed to have less of the undesirable side-effects associated with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Therefore, the objective of this research was to evaluate SpayVac in different adjuvant formulations for efficacy of contraception as measured by pZP titers and estrous cyclicity in treated mares. Domestic mares (n=28) were randomly assigned to four treatments (7 mares per treatment): adjuvant alone or saline (Control) or SpayVac vaccines in one of three adjuvant preparations: IVT or MFA in either an aqueous (MFA aq) or non-aqueous (MFA non-aq) suspension. Pre-immune blood samples were collected from each mare and mares were injected in the neck with a single injection of the Control or SpayVac. Subsequent blood samples were collected at weekly intervals for 26 weeks. Sera were analyzed for pZP titers and progesterone using ELISA. At the conclusion of the study, ovaries were recovered by ovariectomy (16 mares) or at necropsy (12 mares) for histologic analysis and collection of morphometric data and oocytes. Titers for pZP were greater (P<0.05) in IVT and MFA mares compared to Control mares and for MFA compared to IVT mares. Mares vaccinated with MFA aq had greater (P<0.05) pZP titers at 2 weeks post-injection compared to mares injected with IVT or MFA non-aq and at 3 weeks post-injection compared to mares injected with IVT. MFA non-aq mares had
greater (P<0.05) pZP titers at 6 weeks post-injection compared to IVT mares and, although not significantly different, titers in MFA non-aq mares remained greater during weeks 8, 10, 14, 18 and 22 compared to IVT and MFA aq mares. Mean serum progesterone concentrations were greater (P<0.05) in Control compared to MFA non-aq mares. Mean ovarian weights, oocyte diameters, zona pellucida thicknesses and the number of horse sperm bound to oocytes recovered from vaccinated mares were greater (P<0.05) in Control mares compared to IVT and MFA mares. As judged by pZP titers and serum progesterone, these results suggest that SpayVac suspended in the MFA non-aqueous formulation exerted the greatest contraceptive effects in treated mares. This preparation of SpayVac may meet the criteria cited by the BLM for their most desirable immunocontraceptive.Graduation date: 2012
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Bhattacharyya, Jonaki. "Knowing Naŝlhiny (Horse), Understanding the Land: Free-Roaming Horses in the Culture and Ecology of the Brittany Triangle and Nemiah Valley." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/6521.
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Free-roaming horses (Equus ferus caballus L.) – also called wild or feral – have been present in the Chilcotin region of British Columbia, Canada and part of Tsilhqot’in First Nations’ culture for over 250 years. The horses, naŝlhiny in Tsilhqot’in, have also been a focal point for controversy and power struggles over land use in the same region for at least 120 years. Recently, the wild horses of the Brittany Triangle (called Tachelach’ed, near the Nemiah Valley in the territory of the Xeni Gwet’in First Nation) have been used by local First Nations and some non-governmental organizations as an iconic symbol to gain support for wilderness conservation. To some other residents and government agencies, free-roaming horses are invasive pests that threaten forage availability for cattle, range health, and native wildlife habitat. Little peer-reviewed research exists to elucidate the actual ecological impacts and social relationships of free-roaming horses in the particular ecological, cultural and political context of the Brittany Triangle, or to support management decisions concerning the horses.
This research explores how scientific analysis, local knowledge, and socio-cultural perspectives regarding the ecology and cultural role of free-roaming horses in the Brittany Triangle can be integrated to inform conservation planning and land use management. The primary objectives were: 1) to determine and quantify the species of vegetation where horses are feeding; 2) to document local socio-cultural knowledge and perceptions of free-roaming horses; and 3) to determine how ecological information and socio-cultural perspectives can be integrated to inform conservation planning and land use management.
This transdisciplinary, mixed-methods study took an exploratory, adaptive approach over six years of site visits, including two preparatory field visits (2006-2007), four field seasons over two years of formal data collection (2008-2009), and two follow-up visits (2010-2011). A line-point intersect method and statistical analysis were used to assess plant community composition and variance in eight sample sites that are grazing habitat of free-roaming horses. Qualitative research involved literature review, participant observation among host communities, semi-structured key informant interviews, and extensive observation of free-roaming horses and other wildlife in the Brittany Triangle.
Results demonstrate that the free-roaming horses are part of a social-ecological complex, one of many disturbance factors in a system with multiple drivers of ecological and social change. Grazing and disturbance of vegetation by horses are patchy and heterogeneous in distribution, but no statistically significant difference was found in plant community composition or heights between sample sites. Qualitative research demonstrates that while the horses are currently remote from much human contact, they and the landscape are part of a rich history of interaction with people in Chilcotin society and cultures, particularly in Xeni Gwet’in and other Tsilhqot’in communities. Disagreements over free-roaming horses reveal deeper differences in ways of knowing that underlie management actions, including differing perceptions of “the wild” in relation to humans, and a history of power struggles over land use between First Nations and government authorities from colonial and settler cultures. As well, vegetation communities in sample meadow habitats did not show signs of ecologically significant structural variance or ubiquitous damage on a spatial scale large enough to warrant management intervention in horse populations within the Brittany Triangle at this time. Local knowledge and livelihood practices among Xeni Gwet’in and other local people have functioned as an informal management system for free-roaming horses in the Brittany Triangle and Nemiah Valley.
Broadly, this study suggests a partial rather than full integration of diverse ways of knowing may sometimes be desirable in order to maintain the epistemological and contextual depth and richness of different knowledge systems. Effective integration of diverse ways of knowing in management warrants not only the integration of information into knowledge products (i.e. reports, studies, proposals, etc.), but also the equitable inclusion of knowledge holders in processes and decisions. Narrative can be an effective means of conveying complexity in situations of conflict or controversy. This research also finds that a recognition of the agency that wild animals and the land itself have in relationships with humans, and the sense of collective responsibility towards the land and wild animals are two elements that indigenous perspectives can contribute to management and planning frameworks.
This research indicates that it is possible and desirable to maintain a population of free-roaming horses in the Brittany Triangle as part of a functional social ecological system, in ways that are appropriate to, and expressive of the culture, identity and livelihood practices of the Xeni Gwet’in First Nation. The success of localized stewardship and management depends on: 1) culturally-appropriate means of limiting horse populations including maintaining predator populations; 2) defining management zones based on ecosystems, political and cultural boundaries, and horse sub-populations; 3) basing actions and decisions on systemic, not segmented, ecological indicators; 4) encouraging people to spend time on the land moving cattle more frequently on grazed open range; 5) cultivating stewardship and monitoring activities; 6) including socio-cultural values and goals in management objectives; 7) recognizing diverse people and ways of knowing in land use and management decisions; and 8) encouraging traditional activities as part of dynamic and changing local livelihoods.
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Sapio, Jennifer Leigh. "Wicked horses : women's will in Harley 2253." 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/22760.
Full textAbstract:
British Library MS Harley 2253 is a unique fourteenth-century miscellany consisting of 140 folios and containing 116 different texts, including lyrics, political poems, fabliaux and other secular and religious texts in verse and prose, Latin, Middle English and Anglo-Norman. While the so-called “Harley Lyrics” popularized by Brook’s edition may have registered widely on scholarly radar, many of the non-English texts in the collection have failed to elicit critical attention. However, these texts are vital points in the narrative of English literary history. In particular, the four Anglo-Norman fabliaux included in Harley 2253 constitute a majority of the extant pre-Chaucerian fabliaux produced on the English isles, and of these, Le Dit de la Gageure and Du Chevalier a La Corbeille have no Old French analogues. This report explores the Anglo-Norman fabliaux in this manuscript, their relationship to the continental French tradition and to the subsequent English (ie. Chaucerian) fabliaux incarnations. Specifically, I argue that representations of female desire – figured as an opposition between “stillness” and doing one’s “will” – surface in these obscene misogynist stories that simultaneously objectify and colonize the female body. “De Clerico et Puella”, Le Dit de la Gageure and Le Chevalier qui fist Les Cuns Parler all include an unmarried female who articulates her sexual desire freely, a sharp contrast to the traditional cuckoldry plot of Old French fabliaux which revolves around a married woman’s illicit affairs. Indeed, the grotesque images of sexual violence and the pornographic images of sexual fulfillment in these pre-Chaucerian fabliaux are not contained by the ecclesiastic context from which these texts originate, but rather they linger and are transformed by the female characters, patrons, readers and hearers of the medieval manuscripts in their domestic contexts.text
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Azevedo, Miguel Filipe dos Santos. "Wild bees diversity and abundance (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Lisbon urban gardens." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10451/37086.
Full textAbstract:
Tese de mestrado, Ecologia e Gestão Ambiental, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, 2019Os polinizadores são conhecidos por fornecer diversos serviços de ecossistema, sendo a polinização o principal. Aproximadamente 80% de todas as espécies de plantas com flor são polinizadas por animais, maioritariamente por insetos. Este serviço é responsável por fornecer uma ampla variedade de alimentos, principalmente produtos hortícolas e frutas, dependendo essencialmente do mutualismo entre espécies, o polinizador e o indivíduo polinizado, resultado de relações complexas entre plantas e os polinizadores. Entre os polinizadores existentes, as abelhas são dos mais importantes, prestando um serviço de polinização avaliado em cerca de 153 mil milhões de euros por ano em todo o mundo e 22 mil milhões de euros por ano na Europa (Gallai et al. 2009). Este grupo depende quase exclusivamente de flores como fonte de proteínas, lipídios e açúcar durante o seu ciclo de vida (Michener 2007). Na Europa encontramos cerca de 10% da diversidade de abelhas em todo o mundo, esta grande biodiversidade é parcialmente explicada pela presença de áreas com clima Mediterrâneo (Michener 1979). Este facto pode ser explicado por duas razões: 1) energia e balanço hídrico mais favorável na que resulta numa diversidade floral elevada (Patiny et al. 2009); 2) O provável papel destas áreas como refúgios durante as glaciações do Quaternário (Reinig 1937, De Lattin 1967). Nos últimos anos, as múltiplas fontes de perturbação a este grupo, estão maioritariamente relacionadas com atividades antropogénicas (Arca et al. 2014, Ellis et al. 2010, Goulson et al. 2015, Henry et al., 2012, Kremen & Ricketts, 2002, Potts et al., 2006, Potts et al., 2010). Na Europa, a expansão e a intensificação agrícola, as alterações climáticas, a criação de gado intensiva, os pesticidas e o desenvolvimento urbano são dados como as principais ameaças às abelhas silvestres (Nieto et al. 2014). No entanto, grande parte das informações existentes sobre o declínio das abelhas provêm de perdas nas colónias de abelha-do-mel (Engelsdorp et al. 2008, Potts et al. 2010). De acordo com a Lista Vermelha Europeia de Abelhas (Nieto et al. 2014), existem cerca de 2000 espécies de abelhas identificadas na Europa, das quais 9% estão ameaçadas de extinção e 57% não possuem dados suficientes para avaliar o seu estado de conservação. As zonas urbanas são conhecidas por serem a principal fonte de destruição de habitat, nos quais as comunidades precisam de se adaptar às mudanças impostas pelas atividades humanas (Sattler et al. 2010). No entanto, estes ecossistemas trazem disponibilidade de locais de nidificação, qualidade e acessibilidade a diversas plantas (Ahrné et al. 2009, Frankie et al. 2005, McKinney 2008, e Ricketts et al. 2008). Nos últimos anos, estudos têm mostrado que muitos fatores bióticos e abióticos presentes nas cidades, ou em outros habitats urbanizados podem ter um impacto positivo na diversidade e abundância de abelhas (Ahrné et al. 2009, Banaszak-Cibicka 2013, Frankie et al. 2005, Potts et al., 2005, Smith et al., 2006). Estes locais geralmente fornecem uma produção contínua de néctar e pólen a partir da qual as abelhas se alimentam (Fussell & Corbet 1992, Osborne et al. 2008). Este estudo foi realizado na área metropolitana de Lisboa, com início em Abril e com duração de 4 meses até Julho de 2018. Nos últimos anos, Lisboa aumentou a quantidade de espaços verdes, como espaços hortícolas que muitas vezes estão associados a parques urbanos. Este estudo tem incidência em três hortas comunitárias: Quinta da Granja (QG), Quinta Conde d’Arcos (QCA) e Quinta das Flores (QF). Os locais de estudo foram escolhidos por apresentarem meios envolventes idênticos e serem geridos por particulares sob jurisdição do governo local. Este estudo utilizou três diferentes métodos de amostragem: 1) Capturas com rede entomológica; 2) “Pan-trap”; 3) “Trap-nest” (Wesphal et al. 2008). Estes métodos foram utilizados combinados para aumentar a quantidade de dados devido ao curto período disponível para o estudo. Foram identificadas 57 espécies provenientes dos batimentos com rede entomológica, das quais cinco são consideradas raras em Portugal: Andrena florentina (M.), Andrena livens (E.), Hylaeus dilatatus (K.), Hylaeus hyalinatus (S.) e Megachile ericetorum (L.). O local que registou o maior número de espécies de abelhas foi a Quinta da Granja (31 espécies), seguida pela Quinta das Flores (29 espécies) e por último a Quinta Conde d’Arcos (25 espécies). A família Megachilidae foi a mais diversificada, apresentando cinco géneros e 16 espécies diferentes, no entanto a família Apidae foi a mais abundante. A espécie mais frequente foi a Lasioglossum maluchurum (K.) com 17 espécimes capturados. O melhor modelo que explicou a riqueza e abundância de abelhas silvestres, nos três locais, conteve apenas a riqueza florística entre todas as variáveis ambientais computadas. Medidas de gestão foram sugeridas para melhorar os serviços de ecossistemas fornecidos pelas abelhas silvestres nas áreas urbanas. É urgente entender como podemos melhorar estes habitats para os polinizadores, uma vez que o resultado será benéfico para todos, insetos, plantas e para nós Humanos. Dada a falta de estudos atuais sobre a diversidade de abelhas silvestres em Portugal, juntamente com as crescentes ameaças a este grupo de polinizadores, espera-se que este documento enriqueça o conhecimento atual existente.
Pollination is the service responsible for a wide variety of food, mainly horticultural crops and orchards, being a key process in both human managed and natural terrestrial ecosystems. It is known that this service is declining abruptly, mainly due to the different anthropogenic pressures. Bees among pollinators provide an ecosystem service, on crop pollination, estimated in 153 billion euros a year worldwide and 22 billion euros a year in Europe. However, the lack of distinction between the declines of wild pollinators and honeybees is usually misunderstood, leading to focus mainly on the most common social species such as Apis mellifera (L.) and Bombus terrestris (L.). In the last 10 years, attention has been drawn to the positive impact of urban gardens and allotment gardens on wild pollinators consequently on the pollination service. In this study, the main goal was to address wild bee diversity and abundance in three urban gardens inside Lisbon metropolitan area. It was also intended to understand which variables could explain better bee diversity and abundance at the three locations. The 202 specimens collected, comprised 5 families, 18 genera and 57 species, having five species considered rare in Portugal and ten first records for the Lisbon district. The best model explaining wild bee richness and abundance, across the three sites, contained only flower richness among all environmental variables computed. Management measures were suggested to improve ecosystem services provided by wild bees in these urban areas. It is urgent to understand how we can improve these habitats for pollinators, once the outcome could be beneficial for all, insects, plants and for us Humans.
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OSORNIO, PLATA EDGAR. "A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF YOHIMBINE EFFECTS OVER PHARMACOKINETIC , PHARMACODYNAMIC AND BEHAVIORAL PARAMETERS IN HORSES SEDATED WITH DETOMIDINE." Tesis de Licenciatura, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/66347.
Full textAbstract:
A concise and factual abstract is required. The abstract should state briefly the purpose of the research, the principal results and major conclusions. An abstract is often presented separately from the article, so it must be able to stand alone. For this reason, References should be avoided, but if essential, then cite the author(s) and year(s). Also, non-standard or uncommon abbreviations should be avoided, but if essential they must be defined at their first mention in the abstract itself.
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Mogoshi, Malesela Samuel. "An analysis of enforcement of laws on rhino poaching in South Africa." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1971.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (LLM.) -- University of Limpopo, 2016Rhinoceros (Rhinos) are poached at an alarming high rate in South Africa. The 1973 Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), prohibited the trade of rhino horns amongst its member states. Even though there are existing pieces of legislation in South Africa to curb the killing and illegal trade of rhino horns, compliance authorities rarely impose stringent sentences on culprits caught poaching rhinos. There should be stringent enforcement of laws on poachers and if caught, perpetrators should be brought to justice in order to deter aspiring or ambitious would-be perpetrators. Amendment of legislation currently used in South Africa on rhino poaching cases, if applied vigorously, would be more developmental in curbing the scourge. The syndicate are highly skilled and well equipped for the execution of illicit poaching. It is in few instances that perpetrators are arrested and prosecuted. Even if arrested and prosecuted, lenient sentences are imposed upon conviction. The most noticeable lacuna in South African Criminal Justice System, is the lack of capacity and skills in investigations and successful prosecutions of rhino poachers. Worst still, despite frequent media reports on the alarming rate of rhino poaching cases, few arrests and convictions are reported. This mini dissertation looks at rhino poaching as an organised crime, and focuses on literature review, legal framework and regulations, as well as comparative study on legislation which can be used to prosecute the perpetrators of this organised crime. The discourse recommends amendment of legislation presently used to prosecute rhino poaching offenders, and advocates that they should be stringently applied in order to curb the scourge.