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1
McCusker, Sarah. "Effects of three practical diets on feeding behavior, nutritional status, rumen health, and growth of captive mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) fawns." Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2009. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Fall2009/s_mccusker_110209.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in natural resource sciences)--Washington State University, December 2009.<br>Title from PDF title page (viewed on Jan. 21, 2010). "Department of Natural Resource Sciences." Includes bibliographical references.
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Stopher, Katie Vivienne. "Causes and consequences of sexual selection in a wild population." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/5759.
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Although sexual selection in nature has been studied intensively, much is still unknown about the evolution of mating systems in wild populations: for example, how male competition and female choice interact, or the effect of environmental heterogeneity on selection. Further, important questions remain about the consequences of sexual selection for genetic structuring and genetic variation within populations. In this thesis, I investigate the causes and consequences of sexual selection in a polygynous mammal, the red deer Cervus elaphus. This species is characterized by high male reproductive skew resulting from competition to defend harems of females. Here however, I present evidence for previously unappreciated complexity in the mating system, in terms of female mating behaviour and environmental influences on male-male competition. I then go on to investigate the consequences of non-random mating on co-ancestry and inbreeding in the population. Finally, I investigate methods for separating genetic and environmental sources of covariance between individuals. Specifically, I: (i) Show a surprising degree of female mobility during the breeding season (the 'rut‘). Around 40% of females change harem when in oestrus and almost half of these movements result in paternity for the novel male; however I show that these movements are unlikely to be explained by female choice for mates. (ii) Reveal that variance in male mating success is affected by variation in ecological parameters, in particular the interaction between the number of immigrant males in the rutting population and the temporal synchrony of females. (iii) Demonstrate substantial inter-individual differences in the plasticity of acoustic signals produced by rutting males with changes in social context. (iv) Reveal the existence in this population of three rarely reported mating behaviours in polygynous mammals. I find around a fifth of females mate with the same male in multiple years; female relatives frequently mate with the same male; and males rut in locations close to their relatives. Further, I show these behaviours are associated with higher co-ancestry and inbreeding in the population than expected under random mating. (v) Finally, I investigate how spatial associations between relatives upwardly bias estimates of heritability in four phenotypic traits. I do this by accounting for shared environment effects in animal models by i) inclusion of spatial autocorrelation parameters and ii) a novel multi-matrix approach.
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Pavitt, Alyson. "It's your hormones, deer : individual variation in hormone levels within a wild population of red deer : causes and consequences." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/15872.
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Whilst individual differences in circulating hormone levels can influence life history traits throughout an animal’s lifetime, this remains a poorly understood area of research, particularly for wild systems where sufficient sets of individual-based data are rare. This thesis aimed to address this dearth of information by identifying key drivers of hormone variation, as well as exploring potential fitness consequences within a single system of wild red deer (Cervus elaphus) on the Isle of Rum National Nature Reserve in Scotland. It focussed on both androgen (e.g. testosterone) and glucocorticoid (e.g. cortisol) levels, and examined among-individual variation in these two hormone groups from samples collected using both traditional (blood: chapters 3 & 4) and non-invasive (faecal: chapters 5 & 6) methods. Results showed both intrinsic and extrinsic factors to influence an individual’s hormone levels. In general, current or recent environment explained the greatest variation, with both hormone groups exhibiting strong temporal trends at multiple scales. Concentrations changed substantially across an individual’s lifetime as they aged (chapters 5 & 6), and calves born in different years differed in their neonatal testosterone levels (chapter 3). Hormone levels also varied across the year, showing clear seasonal cycles which peaked during key reproductive events: the calving season in females (chapter 6) and the rut in males (chapter 5). An individual’s current life history state was also important, particularly a female’s reproductive state (chapter 6). Whilst there was some evidence of maternal effects on neonatal hormone levels (chapter 3) these were not extensive, and maternal hormone concentrations did not appear to influence those in their new-born calves (chapter 6). There was, however, evidence of neonatal circulating testosterone levels being heritable, and despite overall differences between the sexes the underlying genetic architecture of this trait did not differ between male and female calves (chapter 4). Associations were also found between an individual’s hormone levels and their fitness, although these consequences were only apparent in short-term fitness measures or proxies such as reproductive behaviour (e.g. male reproductive effort in chapter 5). Effects were also not ubiquitous within the population. Whilst a calf’s circulating testosterone levels indicated their probability of surviving their first year of life, these effects were only apparent in firstborn males, a group which is particularly vulnerable to mortality (chapter 3). In general, this thesis suggests that the fitness consequences identified by broad-scale hormone manipulation studies can still be found when looking at subtle individual-level differences. The limited evidence of persistent hormone phenotypes (indicated by the lack of among individual variance for most measures, chapter 5 & 6) does, however, emphasise the importance of repeatedly sampling individuals before drawing extensive conclusions about fitness consequences.
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Conlee, Marion F. "IMPACTS OF ILLINOIS OUTFITTERS ON WHITE-TAILED DEER AND WILD TURKEY POPULATIONS." Available to subscribers only, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1674101071&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Southern Illinois University Carbondale, 2008.<br>"Department of Zoology." Keywords: Illinois, Meleagris gallopavo, Odocoileus virginianus, Outfitters, Pike County. Includes bibliographical references (p. 70-77). Also available online.
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Zhang, Endi. "Behavioural ecology of the Chinese water deer at Whipsnade Wild Animal Park, England." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1996. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/251600.
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Austin, Zoe. "Conservation impact and the management of wild deer in the east of England." Thesis, University of York, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.489188.
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Diverse management objectives between stakeholder groups can often lead to conflict regarding the management of wildlife resources. This is especially the case for species it are mobile over large areas of multiple land ownership, such as deer. In Britain, deer provide a source of revenue through sport, hunting and tourism but can also impose costs on society by increasing disease transmission and road traffic accidents. They also have the ability to influence the structure and functioning of ecosystems, often conflicting with management objectives for areas managed for agriculture, forestry and conservation.
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Santos, Diogo João Franco dos. "Caracterização do parasitismo de ungulados silvestres e aspectos da sua epidemiologia na Tapada Nacional de Mafra, Concelho de Mafra, Portugal." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/6212.
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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária<br>O estudo e o conhecimento das doenças que afectam as espécies silvestres cada vez
ganham mais relevância, não só pela manutenção de um bom estado sanitário destas
populações mas também pelo potencial zoonótico.
O estudo foi composto pelo acompanhamento do acto venatório de gamos (n = 17) e de
javalis (n = 9), bem como pela colheita mensal de fezes de populações de veado (n = 1), de
gamo (n = 7) e de javali (n = 3) durante o período de um ano. Nos animais caçados foi
efectuada a pesquisa de ectoparasitas e endoparasitas gastrointestinais, pulmonares e
hepáticos, bem como a coprologia dos mesmos. Nas populações foram efectuados os testes
de flutuação de Willis, McMaster e coprocultura para nemátodes gastrointestinais,
sedimentação simples e McMaster modificado para Fasciola hepatica, esfregaço fecal para
Cryptosporidium nos cervídeos e Baerman para determinação de nemátodes pulmonares.
Nos gamos caçados foram detectados as espécies Oesophagostomum venulosum (12,5%)
e Oe. radiatum (6,25%), Spiculoteragia asymmetrica (11,76%), S. mathevossiani (5,88%),
Spiculopteragia spp. (5,88%), Fasciola hepatica (76,47%) e Ixodes ricinus (88,24%). Nos
javalis caçados foram detectadas as espécies Ascarops strongylina (22,22%),
Oesophagostomum spp. (12,5%), Metastrongylus spp. (11,11%), M. pudendotectus
(11,11%), M. salmi (44,44%), M. elongatus (11,11%), Fasciola hepatica (55,56%),
Hyalomma lusitanicum (77,78%) e Rhipicephalus sanguineus (11,11%). No veado foram
obtidos dois espécimes de Trichuris spp.
Nas análises coprológicas verificou-se a presença de nemátodes gastrointestinais em todas
as populações, não tendo existido evidência de uma dinâmica anual de excreção tal como
existe nos animais domésticos. Nos gamos, o teste de Baerman detectou L1 de
Dictyocaulus, Protostrongylus e Muellerius em todas as populações excepto G3 onde só
foram identificados os dois últimos géneros referidos. O último género referido é a primeira
vez que é assinalado em gamos na Europa. Nos javalis verificou-se a presença de ovos com
L1 de Metastrongylus nas três populações estudadas.
A pesquisa de Cryptosporidium foi positiva em apenas duas amostras das populações (2,5%
do total das amostras), sendo uma de veado e outra de gamo revelando um decréscimo
muito acentuado em relação ao último estudo realizado na Tapada Nacional de Mafra (TNM)
por Bruno de Sousa em 2001.
Fasciola hepatica continua a ser a maior preocupação sanitária nas populações de
ungulados da TNM, estando presente em todas as populações, tendo no entanto maior
relevância nos gamos. A combinação da técnica de sedimentação simples com o McMaster
modificado, permitiu não só um melhor diagnóstico de Fasciola hepatica como ainda a
quantificação da eliminação de ovos.<br>ABSTRACT - The study and knowledge of diseases affecting wild species has become increasingly more
important, not only for maintaining a good health status of these populations but also for their
zoonotic potential.
The research was composed by monitoring the deer (n = 17) and wild boars (n = 9) hunting
and faeces sampling collecting of red deer populations (n = 1), fallow deer (n = 7) and wild
boar (n = 3) during the period of one year. In the hunted animals was performed a collection
of ectoparasites and gastrointestinal, pulmonary and liver endoparasites, as well as
coprology. In populations Willis flotation, McMaster and faecal cultures for gastrointestinal
nematodes, simple sedimentation and modified McMaster to Fasciola hepatica, fecal smears
for Cryptosporidium in cervids and Baerman for determination of lung nematodes were
conducted.
The species detected in hunted deer were Oesophagostomum venulosum (12,5%) and Oe.
radiatum (6,25%), Spiculoteragia asymmetrica (11,76%), S. mathevossiani (5,88%),
Spiculopteragia spp. (5,88%), Fasciola hepatica (76,47%) and Ixodes ricinus (88,24%). The
species detected in hunted wild boars were Ascarops strongylina (22,22%),
Oesophagostomum spp. (12,5%), Metastrongylus spp. (11,11%), M. pudendotectus
(11,11%), M. salmi (44,44%), M. elongatus (11,11%), Fasciola hepatica (55,56%),
Hyalomma lusitanicum (77,78%) and Rhipicephalus sanguineus (11,11%). In the red deer
were collected two specimens of Trichuris spp.
In faecal analysis the presence of gastrointestinal nematode in all populations was
confirmed; however there was not an evidence of an annual dynamic for egg shedding
excretion as found in domestic animals. In fallow deer, the Baerman test detected L1 of
Dictyocaulus, Protostrongylus and Muellerius in all populations except G3 where were
identified only the last two mentioned genus. The last genus was reported for the first time in
fallow deer in Europe. In wild boars eggs with L1 larvae of Metastrongylus were observed.
Cryptosporidium was positive in only two population samples (2,5% os total samples) being
one of red deer and the other of fallow deer revealing a very sharp decrease since the
previous study conducted in the Tapada Nacional de Mafra (TNM) by Bruno de Sousa in
2001.
Fasciola hepatica remains the biggest health concern in the TNM ungulates, because it is
present in all populations, however having greater relevance in fallow deer. The combination
of simple sedimentation technique with the modified McMaster helped in better diagnosis of
Fasciola hepatica, and allowed a better quantification of the egg shedding.
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Farrington, Susan J. "An ecological study of American Ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) in the Missouri Ozark Highlands : effects of herbivory and harvest, ecological characterization and wild simulated cultivation /." Diss., View online, 2006. http://edt.missouri.edu/Winter2006/Thesis/FarringtonS-042806-T908600/research.pdf.
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Slate, Jon. "Mapping genes for birth weight in a wild population of red deer (Cervus elaphus)." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/12967.
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Nugent, Graham. "The role of wild deer in the epidemiology and management of bovine tuberculosis in New Zealand." Phd thesis, Lincoln University. Bio-Protection and Ecology Division, 2005. http://theses.lincoln.ac.nz/public/adt-NZLIU20070212.130927/.
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The eco-epidemiology of bovine tuberculosis (Tb) in wild deer (mainly red deer Cervus elaphus) in New Zealand was investigated. Bovine Tb is caused by Mycobacterium bovis. Specific aims were to clarify the likely routes of infection in deer, and to determine the status of deer as hosts of Tb, the likely rates and routes of inter- and intra-species transmission between deer and other wildlife hosts, the role of deer in spreading Tb, and the likely utility of deer as sentinels of Tb presence in wildlife. As the possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) is the main wildlife host of Tb, the research also included some investigation of transmission routes in possums.
Patterns of infection were measured in 994 deer killed between 1993 and 2003. Tb prevalence varied between areas (range 836%). Few deer had generalised infection, with 2168% of infected deer having no visible lesions, depending on the area. The retropharyngeal lymph nodes and oropharyngeal tonsils were commonly infected. No dependent fawns less than 0.75 years old were infected, indicating intra-species transmission is rare in wild deer. Where possums were not controlled, the net (cumulative) force of infection in young (14 y) deer was 0.100.24 per year in males and 0.090.12 per year in females, but much lower in older deer (less than 0.05 per year). Possum control reduced the net force of infection quickly, and eventually to zero. However, Tb persisted in possum-controlled areas through immigration of infected deer and, for almost a decade, through the survival of resident deer infected before possum control. Tb was lost from infected deer at an exponential rate of 0.13 per year, mostly as a result of deer recovering from infection rather than dying from it. Wild deer do die of Tb, but there was no discernible effect on age structure. The occurrence of infection in deer was not linked to the local deer or possum density at their kill sites (i.e. in their home range), but the area-wide prevalence of Tb in deer was closely correlated with Tb levels in possums, which were in turn correlated with area-wide measures of possum density. For wild deer in New Zealand, Tb is a persistent but usually inconsequential disease of the lymphatic system. It is acquired mainly by young independent deer, usually orally via the tonsils, and probably as a result of licking infected possums.
Many species fed on deer carrion, including possums. Most possums encountering carrion did not feed on it, but a few fed for long periods. Other scavengers such ferrets (Mustela furo), hawks (Circus approximans), and weka (a hen-sized flightless native bird; Gallirallus australis) fed in a way that probably increased the infectivity of carrion to possums. Commercial deer hunting may have facilitated the historical establishment of Tb in possums. Scavenging (including cannibalism) and interactions with dead and dying possums are identified for the first time as potentially important routes for transmission of Tb to possums, and I develop new hypotheses involving peri- and post-mortem transmission in possums that explain many of the epidemiological patterns that are characteristic of the disease in possum.
In continuous native forest, deer home range size averaged 250 hectares for six young females, and over twice that for two males. Over 90% of infected deer are likely to die within 2 km (females) or 6 km (males) of where they acquired Tb, but deer could occasionally carry Tb up to 30 km. Deer will be useful as sentinels, but only where other sentinels are rare, because the force of infection for a deer with a single infected possum in its home range is only 0.004 per year, compared to greater than 0.2 per year for deliberately released pigs. Deer are occasionally capable of initiating new cycles of infection in wildlife, but deer control is not essential to eradicate Tb from wildlife.
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Berge, Earle Johnathan. "Assessing the relationships between pollinator-friendly plantings and birds, bats and white-tailed deer on farms in the Coastal Plain of Virginia and Maryland." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/100984.
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Pollinator-friendly wildflower and native grass plantings are increasingly incentivized by state and federal agencies to improve ecosystem services provided by pollinating insects on farmland. However, the potential ecosystem service benefits, or even disservices, of pollinator-friendly plantings relative to wildlife, such as resident, migratory, and nesting birds (e.g., wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo)), resident and migratory bats, and white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) are of interest to both landowners and conservation managers. First, we studied bird species diversity, presence, density, and nesting on farms planted with and without pollinator-friendly plantings to evaluate the potential value of these plantings to bird-related values, such as cultural, recreational, and pest-regulating ecosystem services. Second, we quantified bat relative activity through recorded echolocation calls and explored how relative nightly activity varied across common cover types on a farm, by survey year, and by maternity (May-August) versus non-maternity season (September-April). Third, we determined whether white-tailed deer and wild turkey camera trap success and occupancy differed between farms with and without pollinator-friendly farmscaped plots, evaluated along with their relationships to percent cover of natural, developed, crop, and water habitats within 1 km of surveyed farms.
We conducted bird point counts across 20 farms on the Eastern Shore of Virginia and Maryland and the city of Virginia Beach, VA during the Spring and Fall of 2017 and 2018. We searched for bird nests in pollinator-friendly plots during the summers of 2017 and 2018. There were no differences in alpha diversity, defined as the number of species per farm per survey period, between control and pollinator farms in either Spring or Fall. We did find differences in species evenness on farms during Spring surveys, as measured by Simpson's index, with pollinator farms having a higher mean Simpson's index. When examining factors relating to presence/absence of our 15 modeled bird species out of 110 species detected on farms, landscape-level cover types were influential in 14 species and presence of pollinator plots was influential for 5 species. After stratification of density estimates by control and pollinator farm study sites, we found that during Spring surveys, the blue jay (Cyanocitta cristata) and Carolina wren (Thryothorus ludovicianus) had lower density on pollinator farms. In the Fall, the blue grosbeak (Passerina caerulea) had higher density on pollinator farms. We found nesting in the pollinator-friendly plots by red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus; n=7). These nests were placed in locations within the pollinator plots with higher forb coverage than random points in the same plots without nests.
We estimated the presence and relative activity of bats in 4 cover types, including forest trail, a forested pond edge, a crop field on forest edge, and a farmscaped wildflower plot, on the Eastern Shore Agricultural Research Extension Center in Painter, Virginia, from April 2017- November 2019 using acoustic detectors. Of total detections, 20.11% were identified as big brown bat (Eptesicus fuscus), 17.97% evening bat (Nycticeius humeralis), 15.35% silver-haired bat (Lasionycteris noctivagans), 7.11% eastern red bats (Lasiurus borealis), 3.66% hoary bats (Lasiurus cinereus), 3.1% little brown bat (Myotis lucifugus), and 1.38% tricolored bat (Perimyotis subflavus). Relative activity measured by calls per night varied by cover type, with relative activity highest for all 7 species in the crop field-forest edge and water-forest edge cover types as compared to pollinator plot and forest trail cover types during the maternity season (May-August). All 7 bat species were recorded in the pollinator plot cover type; of the 8,877 calls in pollinator plots, 26.07% were silver-haired bat, 25.21% eastern red bats, 23.78% evening bat, 9.32% hoary bats, 9.11% little brown bat, 5.42% big brown bat, and 1.09% tricolored bat.
We used camera trap surveys to measure white-tailed deer and wild turkey occupancy across 20 farms on the Eastern Shore of Virginia and in the city of Virginia Beach, Virginia during the Spring and Fall of 2017 and 2018. Of all wild species photographed, white-tailed deer were most abundant (TS, # captures/100 nights) each survey season, however this varied season to season (Spring 2017 = 98.44 TS, Fall 2017 = 106.01 TS, Spring 2018 = 80.52 TS, Fall 2018 = 99.71 TS). Wild turkey total survey camera trap success was low compared to deer and other wildlife (4.51 TS), and also varied seasonally (Spring 2017 = 1.73 TS, Fall 2017 = 1.50 TS, Spring 2018 = 7.63 TS, Fall 2018 = 5.95 TS). White-tailed deer were detected at all survey locations at least once, and the occupancy of deer decreased as the percentage of developed land within 1km of a farm increased in each survey season. The factors relating to wild turkey occupancy varied by season. In Spring 2017, wild turkey occupancy increased as the percent of natural cover within 1 km of a farm increased. In Spring 2018, wild turkey occupancy decreased as the percent of developed land within 1 km increased. However, landscape variables did not influence wild turkey occupancy in the Fall seasons; rather in Fall 2018 we found that wild turkey occupancy decreased as camera trap success of farm machinery being used increased. Overall, wild turkey had a fairly low presence on all survey sites with an occupancy ranging from 0.18-0.53%, and no clear relationship to explain the change in survey season to season or year to year. Based on these results, pollinator plot presence or absence was not found to influence detection or occupancy of either of these target game species. Rather, other factors, mainly landscape-scale features, were found to have the largest influence on both species' occupancy and presence.
Our study is one of just a few in North America to demonstrate some potential benefits of pollinator-friendly plantings to multiple different wildlife species with cultural, recreational, and insect-regulating ecosystem service benefits to landowners. Generally, birds, bats, and our focal game species' presence relied on surrounding landscape variables and forest-edge configurations more than the presence of pollinator friendly plantings. This is probably in part due to the small size of our pollinator plots. We recommend that future work explore potentially increasing the size of pollinator plot plantings or placing pollinator plantings in locations on the landscape with the most surrounding natural area, and least development, to maximize the benefits of this resource to diverse wildlife species with home ranges that are often larger than any one farm.<br>Master of Science<br>Pollinator-friendly wildflower and native grass plantings are increasingly used by state and federal agencies to improve benefits from biodiversity such as increases in crop pollinating insects, but the potential benefits of such plantings for vertebrate wildlife are not well studied. We evaluated potential ecosystem services, or even disservices, of pollinator-friendly plantings related to vertebrate wildlife, such as resident, migratory, and nesting birds (e.g., wild turkey), resident and migratory bats, and white-tailed deer.
Bird point counts were conducted across 20 farms on the Eastern Shore of Virginia and Maryland and the city of Virginia Beach, VA during the Spring and Fall of 2017 and 2018, and we searched for bird nests in pollinator-friendly plots during the summers of 2017 and 2018. Over the entire project, we saw 110 different species; 96 were identified as insectivorous, indicating the potential for insect regulating services from birds. The total number of bird species observed on farms with pollinator plots were higher than farms without (100 > 90). After division of density estimates between control and pollinator farm study sites, we found that during Spring surveys, the Carolina wren had lower density on pollinator farms while in the Fall the blue grosbeak had higher density on pollinator farms. We found 7 nests of red-winged blackbirds (n=7) in the pollinator-friendly plots and birds preferred nesting in locations within the pollinator plots with more dense flowering plants without woody stem coverage than random points without nests in the same plots.
We examined the presence and relative activity of bats in 4 cover types, including forest trail, a forested pond edge, a crop field on forest edge, and a farmscaped wildflower plot on one of our farm sites at the Eastern Shore Agricultural Research Extension Center in Painter, Virginia, from April 2017- November 2019 using acoustic detectors that record bat echolocation. All 7 bat species were recorded in the pollinator plot cover type and of total farm detections, 20.11% were identified as big brown bat, 17.97% evening bat, 15.35% silver-haired bat, 7.11% eastern red bats, 3.66% hoary bats, 3.1% little brown bat, and 1.38% tricolored bat. As expected, relative activity varied by cover type, with relative activity highest for all 7 species in the crop field-forest edge and water-forest edge cover types as compared to pollinator plot and forest trail cover types during the maternity season (May-August).
We used camera trap surveys to measure white-tailed deer and wild turkey camera trap success and occupancy across 20 farms on the Eastern Shore of Virginia and in the city of Virginia Beach, Virginia during the Spring and Fall of 2017 and 2018. Of all wild species photographed, white-tailed deer had the highest observations. Wild turkey detections were low compared to deer and other wildlife. White-tailed deer and wild turkey presence were not influenced by the presence of pollinator plots, but rather by other factors, mainly landscape features within 1 km. Our study is one of the first in North America to demonstrate some potential benefits of pollinator-friendly plantings to multiple different wildlife with cultural, recreational, and insect-regulating ecosystem service benefits to landowners. Generally, birds, bats, and our focal game specie's presence relied on surrounding landscape variables and forest-edge configurations than the presence of pollinator friendly plantings. This is probably in part due to the small size of our pollinator plots. We recommend that future work explore potentially increasing the size of pollinator plot plantings or placing pollinator plantings in locations on the landscape with the most surrounding natural area, and least development, to maximize the benefits of this resource to diverse wildlife species with home ranges that are often larger than any one farm.
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Symmons, Jacqueline. "Wild deer in Wales : their impact and management in agriculture, private forestry and woodlands managed for conservation in Wales." Thesis, Bangor University, 2010. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/wild-deer-in-wales-their-impact-and-management-in-agriculture-private-forestry-and-woodlands-managed-for-conservation-in-wales(f83d2e7e-41a1-4a63-876b-79165b96a5fc).html.
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Wild deer have been increasing in abundance and distribution in Wales. Species present are Fallow, Roe, Red and Muntjac. Previously there has been no comprehensive research into assessing deer impacts in Wales. Research shows that overabundance of wild deer can have negative impacts on land-use activities including forestry, agriculture and conservation. Landowner questionnaires, vegetation and deer surveys carried out identify that whilst deer are currently not a significant issue nationally in Wales there are regional and deer species specific issues. The baseline data identifies that whilst negative deer impacts in Wales are increasing there is still capacity for deer to increase in abundance and provide a positive contribution within the Welsh countryside. Fallow are the most common species that have an impact, particularly in south and west Wales. Developing roe populations also have potential to add to the negative deer impacts across Wales. Results indicate that mid Wales will be the next region that will develop negative deer impacts. Increases in deer distribution and abundance is occurring at a greater rate than previously estimated. In woodlands managed for conservation, the research illustrates the value of small, short term exclosures and use of landscape level deer and impact evaluation methodology. Results highlight the usefulness of vegetation assessments, browsing indices and indicator plant species to monitor deer impacts. Deer are one component of woodland and it is important factors affecting deer are considered within a landscape framework. Research data has been used to formulate a conceptual model for assessing risks of wild deer inWales becoming a problem in woodlands managed for conservation. The model establishes that in addition to land-use type and habitat preference by deer the other key factor that needs to be addressed to reduce the deer risk is the early implementation of a deer management plan, particularly monitoring.
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Gorgulho, Sofia de Sousa. "Linking population trends of wild herbivores harvested in Portugal and Hunting Zone characteristics: effects of location, management, interspecific competition and land use dynamics." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/28551.
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Wild herbivores affect the ecology of ecosystems and, as game species, are relevant for the socio-economy of various countries. Thus, management of its populations is crucial and can benefit from hunting bag monitoring across time and space. This dissertation assesses the usefulness of data on hunting bags to get insights on wild rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus), Iberian hare (Lepus granatensis) and red deer (Cervus elaphus) distribution and population trends in Portugal, assessing the effects of location, administrative type, land-use dynamics and co-occurrence of species on the population dynamics of each species. The density of wild rabbit, Iberian hare and red deer hunting bags from 1989-2017 in Portugal were analysed using ANOVA to ascertain the influence of hunting region, administrative type and hunting season. Population tendencies were calculated for each hunting zone and maps of occurrence were projected in ArcGis to verify whether hunting bag data showed the same trends as other data sources. A primary analysis on the relationship between deer and lagomorphs was made through correlation analysis of populations densities of both species. The occurrence maps obtained for rabbit and hare showed a wider distribution across Portugal as compared to data on species distribution from the Atlas of Mammals of Portugal. Main core areas for deer populations had a scarcer distribution across the country. Hunting bag density is linked to region, administrative type and fluctuates throughout the years. Overall, rabbit and hare hunting bags decreased but deer hunting bags increased across time. There is correlation between deer and lagomorphs, mostly negative but also positive. Results suggest that hunting bags are useful indicators of game population abundances, but extrapolation of results must be assessed critically. Efforts on improving the efficiency of survey methods are advisable. The present dissertation contributes to understand distributions and tendencies of main herbivore game species in Portugal; Resumo:
Os herbívoros silvestres afetam a ecologia dos ecossistemas, sendo também espécies cinegéticas com importância socio-económica. A gestão das suas populações é essencial, estando a caça diretamente relacionada. Esta providencia os números de animais abatidos anualmente nas explorações cinegéticas. A presente dissertação tem como objetivo avaliar o potencial de bases de dados de animais abatidos como indicadores das tendências populacionais das espécies cinegéticas, averiguando ainda como estas podem ser afetadas. Os dados de caça ao coelho bravo, lebre e veado em Portugal foram analisados entre 1989-2017 através de ANOVA usando como fatores fixos: região cinegética, tipo administrativo e época de caça. A tendência populacional foi calculada para cada zona de caça usando os dados de abate e projetaram-se em ArcGIS mapas de ocorrência de espécies, cujos dados foram comparados com outros estudos. Foi também investigada a ocorrência de correlações entre abates de veado e lagomorfos. Os mapas de ocorrência obtidos a partir dos dados de caça ao coelho e lebre sugerem que a distribuição destas espécies é mais ampla do que a sugerida pelo Atlas de Mamíferos de Portugal. O mapa de distribuição do veado identificou os principais núcleos populacionais da espécie. A densidade de animais caçados varia com a região cinegética e tipo de zona de caça, oscilando ao longo dos anos. Em geral, a densidade de coelho e lebre caçados diminuiu ao longo do período de estudo, enquanto que a de veado aumentou, o que é concordante com outros estudos. Foi encontrada uma correlação, maioritariamente negativa, mas também positiva, entre a densidade de lagomorfos e veados. Os resultados da exploração cinegética são um potencial indicador de abundância, mas deve ser avaliado com cuidado. É essencial uma melhoria no método de declaração dos resultados cinegéticos anuais. Esta dissertação contribui para melhorar o conhecimento sobre distribuição e tendências das espécies estudadas
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Heinken, Thilo, and Dorit Raudnitschka. "Do wild ungulates contribute to the dispersal of vascular plants in central European forests by epizoochory? A case study in NE Germany." Universität Potsdam, 2002. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2005/585/.
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The external dispersal ("epizoochory") of vascular plant diaspores (seeds and fruits) by roe deer and wild boar, i.e. the most common wild large mammals with a large home range in central Europe, was investigated in a 6.5-km² forest area in NE Germany dominated by mesic deciduous forests. The study involved brushing out the diaspores from the coats and hooves of 25 shot roe deer and nine wild boar. The results were compared with the forest vegetation of the study area. Whilst wild boar transported large amounts of various diaspores in the coat, the significance of roe deer for epizoochory was low due to their sleek fur and different behaviour compared to wild boar. Altogether, 55 vascular plant species were transported externally. Since only a limited number of seeds came from woodland habitats, the open landscape was at least as important as a source of attached seeds as the forest vegetation. Thus, most plant species occurring in the studied forest area, especially characteristic woodland herbs, showed no adaptations to epizoochorous dispersal, although being very abundant in the herb layer. We conclude that hoofed game play a particular role concerning the dispersal of ruderal and grassland species in the agricultural landscape of central Europe. However, the actual spread of some herb species in forests of northern Germany, e.g. <i>Agrostis capillaris</i>, <i>Brachypodium sylvaticum</i>, <i>Deschampsia flexuosa</i>, <i>Galium aparine</i> and <i>Urtica dioica</i>, may be mainly facilitated by wild ungulates. Though dispersal by large mammals is an important mechanism for long-distance dispersal of plants in general, our results suggest that most of the characteristic herb species of mesic deciduous forests have only low epizoochorous dispersal potentials. The implications for nature conservation and silviculture are discussed.<br>Die Ausbreitung von Gefäßpflanzen-Diasporen (Samen und Früchte) durch äußerliche Anhaftung ("Epizoochorie") an Rehen und Wildschweinen, den beiden häufigsten Schalenwild-Arten in Mitteleuropa, wurde im 6,5 km² großen Forst Brieselang bei Berlin (Bundesland Brandenburg) untersucht, in dem mesophile Laubwälder vorherrschen. Dazu wurden die Felle und Hufe von 25 geschossenen Rehen und neun Wildschweinen ausgekämmt und die Diasporen anschließend bestimmt. Die Ergebnisse wurden mit der Waldvegetation verglichen.
Während Wildschweine große Mengen verschiedener Diasporentypen transportierten, war die Bedeutung von Rehen für die Ausbreitung von Pflanzen auf Grund des glatten Fells und der im Vergleich zum Wildschwein unterschiedlichen Verhaltensweisen wesentlich geringer. Insgesamt wurden 55 Phanerogamenarten
epizoochor transportiert. Da nur ein kleiner Teil der ausgebreiteten Pflanzen Waldhabitate bevorzugt, war das Offenland eine mindestens ebenso wichtige Quelle anhaftender Diasporen wie die Waldvegetation. Die meisten Waldpflanzenarten wurden nicht ausgebreitet; insbesondere solche Arten, die ausschließlich in Wäldern wachsen, wurden nicht nachgewiesen. Viele Pflanzenarten sind – vermutlich auf Grund ihrer Diasporenmorphologie – weitgehend vom Transport ausgeschlossen, obwohl sie sehr häufig in der Krautschicht des untersuchten Waldes vorkommen. Daher ist Schalenwild in der Agrarlandschaft Mitteleuropas vermutlich vor allem für die Ausbreitung von Ruderal-, Segetal- und Grünlandpflanzen von Bedeutung. Die Ausbreitung
einiger Pflanzenarten der Krautschicht in norddeutschen Wäldern z.B. <i>Agrostis capillaris</i>, <i>Brachypodium sylvaticum</i>, <i>Deschampsia flexuosa</i>, <i>Galium aparine</i> und <i>Urtica dioica</i>, könnte jedoch wesentlich auf Schalenwild zurückgehen. Obwohl Großsäuger insgesamt ein wichtiger Vektor für die Fernausbreitung von Pflanzen sind, zeigt unsere Studie, dass die meisten charakteristischen Waldbodenpflanzen mesophiler Laubwälder kaum ausgebreitet werden, also nur ein geringes epizoochores Ausbreitungspotenzial aufweisen. Die Bedeutung der Ergebnisse für den Waldnaturschutz und den Waldbau wird diskutiert.
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Caetano, Pedro Miguel Cunha. "Clínica de espécies pecuárias e equinos: avaliação epidemiológica da tuberculose bovina em espécies de caça maior, nas regiões do Alto Alentejo e Beira Interior Sul." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/13543.
Full textAbstract:
A tuberculose bovina (TB) é uma doença infeciosa crónica que afeta um vasto leque de
hospedeiros. É causada principalmente por Mycobacterium bovis e, em menor escala, M.
caprae. A presença comprovada de M. bovis em espécies silváticas configura um obstáculo à
erradicação da TB nos bovinos. Estudos epidemiológicos permitiram identificar uma área de
risco para a doença, passando a ser obrigatório examinar as carcaças de todos os animais
abatidos nessa zona. O presente estudo pretende avaliar os dados das montarias realizadas
no Alto Alentejo e na Beira Interior Sul, desde a implementação do Edital nº1 em 2011,
auxiliando na caracterização da situação epidemiológica da TB em javalis e veados. Os
resultados do estudo apontam para a possibilidade de os veados terem uma prevalência de TB
superior à dos javalis, sugerindo que são os primeiros os maiores responsáveis pela
transmissão da TB aos bovinos na área transfronteiriça; Abstract:
Epidemiological study of bovine tuberculosis in hunted large species, in Beira Interior
Sul and Alto Alentejo
Bovine tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic infectious disease that affects a wide range of hosts. It is
mainly caused by Mycobacterium bovis and, in a lower extent, M. caprae. The confirmed presence
of M. bovis in wildliflife reservoirs is a major obstacle to the eradication of TB in cattle.
Epidemiological studies allowed the definition of a high risk area for the disease, becoming
mandatory to examine all the animal carcasses hunted in that area. This study aimed to analyse
data of drive hunts performed in Alto Alentejo and Beira Interior Sul, since the implementation of
Edict 1 in 2011, helping to characterize the epidemiological status of TB in wild boar and red
deer. The study results highlight the possibility of TB prevalence in red deer exceed that of wild
boar, suggesting that red deer is the most responsible specie for transmission of TB to cattle in
transboundary área.
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Riesch, Friederike [Verfasser], Johannes [Akademischer Betreuer] Isselstein, Johannes [Gutachter] Isselstein, Niko [Gutachter] Balkenhol, and Gert [Gutachter] Rosenthal. "Vegetation patterns and processes in semi-natural open habitats and the contribution of wild red deer to their conservation / Friederike Riesch ; Gutachter: Johannes Isselstein, Niko Balkenhol, Gert Rosenthal ; Betreuer: Johannes Isselstein." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2019. http://d-nb.info/121117347X/34.
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Bernardino, Sara Maria de Sousa. "Estudos sobre parasitismo gastrointestinal e pulmonar em javalis e veados caçados em montarias do centro e sul de Portugal Continental." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/13949.
Full textAbstract:
Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária<br>As infeções parasitárias são comuns nos ungulados silvestres, contudo a presença de coinfecções entre helmintes e outros agentes pode potenciar a sua patogenicidade. Neste estudo, foi investigada a presença de parasitas gastrointestinais e pulmonares em javalis e veados provenientes de área epidemiológica de risco de tuberculose bovina (TB), de forma a compreender se os endoparasitas contribuem para a manutenção da infeção por Mycobacterium bovis.
Recorreu-se à colheita de 124 amostras fecais de animais caçados na sub-região do Baixo Alentejo (n=73), Beira Interior Sul (n=7) e Lezíria do Tejo (n=44), sendo que as duas primeiras sub-regiões pertencem à área epidemiológica de risco de TB em caça maior. As amostras foram armazenadas à temperatura de refrigeração (5ºC) ou de congelação (-18ºC) e foram efetuados testes coprológicos de flutuação de Willis, sedimentação simples, McMaster, coprocultura em copo para isolamento de larvas no 3º estádio (L3) de nemátodes estrongilídeos gastrointestinais (EGI), método de Baermann para pesquisa de larvas no 1º estádio (L1) de nemátodes pulmonares e esfregaço fecal para pesquisa de Cryptosporidium spp. e Giardia sp. Recorreu-se à análise de risco entre os parasitas encontrados (variáveis dependentes) e a conservação da amostra, sub-região, idade e sexo do animal (variáveis independentes).
Nos testes coprológicos verificou-se que as amostras refrigeradas se encontravam mais parasitadas do que as congeladas e como a conservação da amostra era um fator de risco, recorreu-se à separação das amostras em amostras refrigeradas e amostras congeladas. Na grande maioria dos animais detetou-se infeção parasitária (78,3%) em 83 animais, sendo a proporção maior nos javalis do que nos veados. Nas amostras refrigeradas de javali (n=43) observou-se a presença de EGI (97,7%), Cryptosporidium spp. (69,8%), Metastrongylus spp. (34,9%), coccídias (30,2%), Trichuris suis (14,0%), Fasciola hepatica (7,0%), Ascarídeos (4,7%) e os quistos de Giardia sp. não foram observados. Através da coprocultura observou-se L3 de Oesophagostomum spp. Com significado estatístico, animais do Baixo Alentejo têm uma probabilidade de excreção de oocistos de coccídias 3 vezes maior do que os da Lezíria do Tejo. A probabilidade de infeção por coccídias e de excreção de oocistos de Cryptosporidium nos jovens é 6,7 e 13,5 vezes maior do que em adultos, respetivamente. As amostras congeladas de javali eram de animais infetados e não infetados com TB, em que 62,5% encontravam-se parasitados. Ainda nas amostras congeladas de animais não infetados com TB encontrou-se 3 tipos de helmintes: EGI (25%), Fasciola hepatica (6,3%) e Ascaris suum (12,5%); e nas amostras congeladas de animais infetados com TB observou-se 4 tipos de helmintes: EGI (41,7%), Metastrongylus spp. (33,3%), família Eimeriidae (20,8%) e Balantidium spp. (4,2%).
Nas amostras refrigeradas de veado (n=34), os ovos de EGI foram os mais assinalados (73,5%), seguindo-se outros parasitas com uma presença muito inferior, Eimeria spp. (17,6%), Strongyloides sp. (14,7%), oocistos de Cryptosporidium spp. (11,8%) e ainda 5,9% para Moniezia benedeni, Trichuris spp. e Fasciola hepatica. Os quistos de Giardia spp. não foram observados no veado. Através do método de Baermann em fezes de veados observaram-se larvas L1 de Elaphostrongylus sp. (26,5%) e de Varestrongylus sp. (11,8%). Na coprocultura observou-se L3 de Ostertagia spp. e Oesophagostomum spp.. Com significado estatístico, os veados positivos a TB tinham 5 e 16,5 vezes mais probabilidade de excreção de ovos de estrongilídeos e de oocistos de Cryptosporidium spp., respetivamente, podendo revelar que os animais infetados com TB têm um sistema imunitário debilitado.
Com este estudo, foi possivel concluir que os parasitas têm um papel importante na manutenção da tuberculose bovina em javalis e veados.<br>ABSTRACT - Studies on gastrointestinal and pulmonary parasitism in wild boar and red deer hunted in the center and couth of Portugal Mainland - Parasitic infections are common in wild ungulates, although the presence of coinfections between helminths and other agents, may potentiate their pathogenicity. In this study, we investigated the presence of gastrointestinal and pulmonary parasites in wild boars and red deer from epidemiological area of bovine tuberculosis (TB) risk, in order to understand if the endoparasites contribute to the maintenance of Mycobacterium bovis infection.
The 124 Fecal samples were collected from animals hunted from Baixo Alentejo sub-region (n=73), Beira Interior Sul (n=7) and Lezíria do Tejo (n=44), being the first two belong to the epidemiological area of TB risk in hunting game. The samples were stored at refrigeration (5ºC) or freezing temperature (-18ºC) and coprological tests of Willis flotation, simple sedimentation, McMaster, faecal cultures for isolation of larvae in 3rd stage (L3) from gastrointestinal strongyles (GIS), Baermann method for larvae in the 1st stage (L1) research of pulmonary nematodes and fecal smear for Cryptosporidium spp.
Risk analysis was used, with a significance value of 0.05 and a confidence interval of 0.95, among the parasites found (dependent variables) and the conservation of the sample, sub-region, age and sex of the animal (independent variables).
In the coprological tests it was found that the refrigerated samples were more parasitized than those that were frozen, and as the conservation of sample was a risk factor, we separate the samples in refrigerated samples and frozen samples. In the majority of the animals parasitic infection was detected (78.3%; n=83), the proportion being higher in wild boars than in red deer. In refrigerated samples of boar (n=43) was observed the presence of GIS (97.7%), Cryptosporidium spp. (69.8%), Metastrongylus spp. (34.9%), coccidia (30.2%), Trichuris suis (14.0%), Fasciola hepatica (7.0%), Ascarídeos (4,7%) and cysts of Giardia sp. weren’t found. Through faecal cultures larvae L3 of Oesophagostomum spp. were observed. With statistical relevance, Baixo Alentejo’s animals have a probability of excretion of coccidian oocysts 3 times greater than those of the Lezíria do Tejo. The probability of coccidial infection and excretion of Cryptosporidium oocysts in younger animals is 6.67 and 13.5 times higher than in adults, respectively. The frozen wild boar samples were from infected and non-TB infected animals, where 62,5% were parasitized. In the frozen samples of non-TB infected animals 3 types of helminths were found: GIS (25%), Fasciola hepatica (6.3%) and Ascaris suum (12.5%); and in the frozen samples of TB infected animals, 4 types of helminths were observed: GIS (41.7%), Metastrongylus spp. (33.3%), Eimeriidae family (20.8%) and Balantidium spp. (4.2%).
In the refrigerated samples of red deer (n=34), the strongyle-type eggs were the most found (73.5%), followed by other parasites with a much lower presence, Eimeria (17.6%), Strongyloides sp. (14.7%), Cryptosporidium oocysts (11.8%) and also 5.9% for Moniezia benedeni, Trichuris spp.and Fasciola hepatica. The Giardia cysts weren’t found. Through Baermann’s method in deer faeces, L1 larvae of Elaphostrongylus sp. (26.5%) and Varestrongylus (11.8%) were observed. In the faecal culture was observed L3 of Ostertagia spp. And Oesophagostomum spp.. Statistically significant, TB positive deer had 5 and 16.5 times probability to excrete strongyle eggs and Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts, respectively; which may reveal that animals infected with TB have a weakened immune system.
With this study, it was possible to conclude that parasites play an important role in the maintenance of tuberculosis in wild boars and red deers.<br>N/A
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Rodriguez-Palacios, Alexander. "Ecology and Epidemiology of Human Pathogen Clostridium difficile in Foods, Food Animals and Wildlife." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1313582304.
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Liebig, Lars. "Wildtierökonomik Naturressourcenallokation in der Wettbewerbsordnung." Saarbrücken VDM Verlag Dr. Müller, 2007. http://d-nb.info/985597275/04.
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Inuzuka, Tadashi. "Reactivation from occult HBV carrier status is characterized by low genetic heterogeneity with the wild-type or G1896A variant prevalence." Kyoto University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/215419.
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Schönfeldt, Hans-Jürgen. "Systematische Überschätzung der Windgeschwindigkeit und der Schubspannungsgeschwindigkeit durch Schalensternanemometer infolge der Turbulenz." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-217478.
Full textAbstract:
Die mittlere Windgeschwindigkeit kann aus den Komponenten der Geschwindigkeit (Vektorwind) und aus dem Windweg eines Schalensternanemometers (Skalarwind) berechnet werden. Diese beiden Geschwindigkeiten werden verglichen, indem große Datensätze von Windmeßreihen hoher Auflösung, die mittels Ultraschallanemometer gewonnen wurden, benutzt werden. Der Skalarwind ist verursacht durch die Turbulenz immer größer als der Vektorwind, die Abweichungen betrugen bis zu 4%. Durch Benutzen von Normalverteilungen für die Komponenten des Windes wird eine analytische Lösung für diesen systematischen Fehler angegeben. Windmessungen mit einem Schalensternanemometer zeigen einen zweiten systematischen Fehler, das sogenannte Overspeeding. Dieses Verhalten wird durch ein einfaches Modell beschrieben<br>Mean wind velocity can be calculated from the components of velocity (vector wind) and the wind way of a cup anemometer (scalar wind). The wind velocities resulting from different definitions of mean wind velocities are compared by using large dataset of fast-response wind measurements with an ultrasonic anemometer. It is found that the scalar wind is always greater then the vector wind up to 4% owing to the turbulence. Using Gaussian normal distribution for the components of wind velocity, an analytical solution is given for this systematic error. Wind velocity measured with cup anemometer shows second systematic error called overspeeding which is described by a simple mathematical model
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Schlink, Uwe, and Gerd Tetzlaff. "Kürzestfristvorhersage der Windgeschwindigkeit in einem Wirbelschleppenwarnsystem für Flughäfen." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-213315.
Full textAbstract:
Die lange Lebensdauer und die hohe Intensität der Wirbelschleppen landender Großraumflugzeuge kann zu einer Gefährdung des nachfolgenden Verkehrs führen. Zur Vorhersage einer gefährdungsfreien Nutzungszeit der Landebahn, nach der die Staffelungsabstände der landenden Flugzeuge bestimmt werden, dient ein Wirbelschleppenwarnsystem. Ein wesentlicher Teil dieses Warnsystems ist die Vorhersage des quer zur Landebahn wehenden Windes. Dafür wird bisher ein auf Persistenz beruhendes Verfahren eingesetzt. Die vorliegende Arbeit zeigt, daß durch Verwendung eines autoregressiven Modells die Querwindprognose verbessert werden kann. Dazu werden die Meßdaten analysiert und die Modellparameter geschätzt. Der Einsatz der AR Prognose im Wirbelschleppenwarnsystem führt im Vergleich zur bisherigen Methode zu längeren Nutzungszeiten und vermeidet das Auftreten von Diskontinuitäten (Sprüngen) in der Vorhersage. Besonders durch letzteres wird die Akzeptanz des Warnsystems bei den Fluglotsen verbessert.
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Hamm, Andreé. "Pollenquellen der Wild- und Honigbienen : Fallstudien zur Ressourcennutzung und zur Konkurrenz /." Bonn, 2008. http://opac.nebis.ch/cgi-bin/showAbstract.pl?sys=000253902.
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Wild, Marian [Verfasser], and Hans [Gutachter] Dickel. "Der moderne Innenraum. Ursprung, Charakter, Abbildbarkeit. / Marian Wild ; Gutachter: Hans Dickel." Erlangen : Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 2017. http://d-nb.info/1140917064/34.
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Wild, Andreas [Verfasser], and Renate [Akademischer Betreuer] Hecker. "Der Markt für Wirtschaftsprüfung in Deutschland / Andreas Wild ; Betreuer: Renate Hecker." Tübingen : Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1162444673/34.
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Weithäuser, Ina, Gunter Stober, Kristina Fröhlich, and Christoph Jacobi. "Untersuchung der Quasi - 2 - Tage Welle im Sommer 2005." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-223188.
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Das seit Juli 2004 kontinuierlich arbeitende Meteorradar am Observatorium Collm (53,3°N, 13°E) der Universität Leipzig dient der Messung des horizontalen Windfeldes sowie der Temperatur in der Mesopausenregion. Neben der Betrachtung des jahreszeitlichen Verhaltens von Grund- und Gezeitenwind ist es möglich, die Aktivität planetarer Wellen zu untersuchen. Spezielles Interesse gilt dabei der Quasi-2-Tage Welle im Sommer 2005, da zu dieser Zeit sowohl eine Verschiebung der maximalen Amplituden hin zu kürzeren als auch zu längeren Perioden beobachtbar war. Als mögliche Ursache dafür werden nichtlineare Wechselwirkungen zwischen der Quasi-2-Tage Welle und planetaren Wellen mit größeren Perioden gesehen. Die Untersuchung derartiger Wechselwirkungen erfolgt mit Hilfe der Bispektralanalyse<br>Since July 2004 the meteor radar operates continuously at the Observatory (53,3°N, 13°E) of the University of Leipzig. It provides data of the horizontal wind field as well as the temperature of the mesopause region. In addition to the consideration of the seasonal behaviour of prevailing and tidal winds it is possible to examine the activity of planetary waves. Because of the shift of maximum amplitudes of the quasi-2-day wave in summer 2005 to shorter as well as longer periods the event has to be considered more in detail. Possible reasons for the displacements are nonlinear couplings between the quasi-2-day wave and planetary waves with longer periods. The examination of those couplings is performed using bispectral analyses
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Karapoulios, Vasileios. "Person Re-Identification in the wild : Evaluation and application for soccer games using Deep Learning." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Statistik och maskininlärning, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-177359.
Full textAbstract:
Person Re-Identification (ReID) is the process of associating images of the same person taken from different angles, cameras and at different times. The task is very challenging as a slight change in the appearance of the person can cause troubles in identifying them. In this thesis, the Re-Identification task is applied in the context of soccer games. In soccer games, the players of the same team wear the same outfit and colors, thus the task of Re-Identification is very hard. To address this problem, a state-of-the-art deep neural network based model named AlignedReID and a variation of it called Vanilla model are explored and compared to a baseline approach based on Euclidean distance in the image space. The AlignedReID model uses two feature extractor branches, one global and one local feature extractor. The Vanilla approach is a variation of the AlignedReID which uses only the global feature extractor branch of the AlignedReID. They are trained using two different loss functions, the Batch Hard and its soft-margin variation. The triplet loss is used, where for each loss calculation a triplet of images is used, an anchor, a positive pair (coming from the same person) and a negative pair. By comparing the metrics used for their evaluation, that is rank-1, rank-5, mean Average Precision (mAP) and the Area Under Curve (AUC), and by statistically comparing their mAPs which is assumed to be the most important metric, the AlignedReID model using the Batch Hard loss function outperforms the rest of the models with a mAP of 81\% and rank-1 \& rank-5 above 98\%. Also, a qualitative evaluation of the best model is presented using Grad-CAM, in order to figure how the model decides which images are similar by investigating in which parts of the images it focuses on to produce their embedding representations. It is observed that the model focuses on some discriminative features, such as face, legs and hands other than clothing color and outfit. The empirical results suggest that the AlignedReid is usable in real world applications, however further research to get a better understanding of the generalization to different cameras, leagues and other factors that may affect appearance would be interesting.
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Wild, Alexander [Verfasser]. "Biomechanische, klinische und zellbiologische Untersuchungen zu Versteifungsoperationen an der Wirbelsäule / Alexander Wild." Aachen : Shaker, 2003. http://d-nb.info/1181602122/34.
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Giacometti, Marco. "Infektiöse Keratokonjunktivitis der Caprinae: Modell für eine Interaktion zwischen Wild- und Haustieren /." Bern : [s.n.], 2001. http://www.ub.unibe.ch/content/bibliotheken_sammlungen/sondersammlungen/dissen_bestellformular/index_ger.html.
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Schönfeldt, Hans-Jürgen. "Systematische Überschätzung der Windgeschwindigkeit und der Schubspannungsgeschwindigkeit durch Schalensternanemometer infolge der Turbulenz." Universität Leipzig, 2003. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A15238.
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Die mittlere Windgeschwindigkeit kann aus den Komponenten der Geschwindigkeit (Vektorwind) und aus dem Windweg eines Schalensternanemometers (Skalarwind) berechnet werden. Diese beiden Geschwindigkeiten werden verglichen, indem große Datensätze von Windmeßreihen hoher Auflösung, die mittels Ultraschallanemometer gewonnen wurden, benutzt werden. Der Skalarwind ist verursacht durch die Turbulenz immer größer als der Vektorwind, die Abweichungen betrugen bis zu 4%. Durch Benutzen von Normalverteilungen für die Komponenten des Windes wird eine analytische Lösung für diesen systematischen Fehler angegeben. Windmessungen mit einem Schalensternanemometer zeigen einen zweiten systematischen Fehler, das sogenannte Overspeeding. Dieses Verhalten wird durch ein einfaches Modell beschrieben.<br>Mean wind velocity can be calculated from the components of velocity (vector wind) and the wind way of a cup anemometer (scalar wind). The wind velocities resulting from different definitions of mean wind velocities are compared by using large dataset of fast-response wind measurements with an ultrasonic anemometer. It is found that the scalar wind is always greater then the vector wind up to 4% owing to the turbulence. Using Gaussian normal distribution for the components of wind velocity, an analytical solution is given for this systematic error. Wind velocity measured with cup anemometer shows second systematic error called overspeeding which is described by a simple mathematical model.
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Beetson, Alethea A. "Always was, always will be: Continuing ancestral connectivity through performance." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2022. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/228636/1/Alethea_Beetson_Thesis.pdf.
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Raabe, Armin, Katja Friedrich, and Holger Fritsch. "Vergleich beobachteter und aus parametrisierten Beziehungen berechneter Windreibungskoeffizienten während eines Sturmes an der Ostseeküste." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-213400.
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Beobachtete und über parametns1erte Beziehungen berechnete Windreibungs-koeffizienten werden für die Zeit eines Sturms, der in der Zeit zwischen dem 08.07.96 und 11.07.96 an der Ostseeküste tobte, verglichen. Die innerhalb der ufernahen Zone aus Windprofildaten ermittelten Reibungskoeffizienten lassen sich mit weniger als 20% Fehler auch über vorliegende parametrisierten Beziehungen aus einer standardisierten Windgeschwindigkeitsmessung berechnen<br>A comparison between observed and calculated wind drag coefficients were investigated during a storm with wind speeds up to 20 m/s at the Baltic Sea coast between 3th July, 1996 and 1 lth July, 1996. The drag coefficient which was determined from observed wind speeds from wind profile measurements can also be predicted on behalf of parameterised relations with a random error less then 20%
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Olsson, Cecilia. "Pellet group count of roe deer ( Capreolus capreolus ) at Herrevad Abbey : How has the hunting affected the population and how will it develop?" Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för ekonomi och teknik (SET), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-16111.
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The land around Herrevad Abbey consists mostly of pastures with a lot of old coarse oaks, a touch of broad-leaved decidous forest andmixed deciduous and coniferous forest. In the year 2010 the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency became owner of the area around Herrevad Abbey, previously owned by the Swedish National Fortification Administration. A high pressure from hunting occurred during the Swedish National Fortification Administration ownership. This resulted in a decrease of the roe deer (Capreolus capreolus L.) population. A pellet-group count is a reliable, indirect inventory method that is used with high frequence within wildlife management since the 1930s. Pellet-group count is used in Swedish Wildlife research since the 1977 at Grimsö Research Station and today an increasing interest for this method is seen both in nature management, among hunters and in the Swedish Association for Hunters. Through a pellet-group count of a roe deer population, an underestimated index of the total density is shown, which means that the investigated population can be larger than the survey shows. The pellet-group count in this study covered 3,20 km-2 with a total of 315 plots. The plot had a circular shape and covered 10m2, which is recommended for roe deer surveys. Each plot was investigated twice, one round clockwise and one round counter clock-wise to increase the precision of the survey. The calculation showed 10,76 roe deer per 1,00 km-2 in winter population during 2010; with a 10% set-off for winter mortality and 8,22 roe deer per 1,00 km-2 in winter population with a 30% set-off. The density with 10,76 roe deer /km-2 is low compared to experimental plots at Bogesund, Ekenäs, where the population is estimated to around 17-23 roe deer/ 1,00 km-2. A calculation for carrying capacity shows that the population will reach the density limit within four years at Herrevad Abbey.
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Schlink, Uwe, and Gerd Tetzlaff. "Kürzestfristvorhersage der Windgeschwindigkeit in einem Wirbelschleppenwarnsystem für Flughäfen." Universität Leipzig, 1998. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A15074.
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Die lange Lebensdauer und die hohe Intensität der Wirbelschleppen landender Großraumflugzeuge kann zu einer Gefährdung des nachfolgenden Verkehrs führen. Zur Vorhersage einer gefährdungsfreien Nutzungszeit der Landebahn, nach der die Staffelungsabstände der landenden Flugzeuge bestimmt werden, dient ein Wirbelschleppenwarnsystem. Ein wesentlicher Teil dieses Warnsystems ist die Vorhersage des quer zur Landebahn wehenden Windes. Dafür wird bisher ein auf Persistenz beruhendes Verfahren eingesetzt. Die vorliegende Arbeit zeigt, daß durch Verwendung eines autoregressiven Modells die Querwindprognose verbessert werden kann. Dazu werden die Meßdaten analysiert und die Modellparameter geschätzt. Der Einsatz der AR Prognose im Wirbelschleppenwarnsystem führt im Vergleich zur bisherigen Methode zu längeren Nutzungszeiten und vermeidet das Auftreten von Diskontinuitäten (Sprüngen) in der Vorhersage. Besonders durch letzteres wird die Akzeptanz des Warnsystems bei den Fluglotsen verbessert.
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Han, Jing [Verfasser], and Björn [Akademischer Betreuer] Schuller. "Automated Deep Audiovisual Emotional Behaviour Analysis in the Wild / Jing Han ; Betreuer: Björn Schuller." Augsburg : Universität Augsburg, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1215500459/34.
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Weithäuser, Ina, Gunter Stober, Kristina Fröhlich, and Christoph Jacobi. "Untersuchung der Quasi - 2 - Tage Welle im Sommer 2005." Universität Leipzig, 2007. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A15568.
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Das seit Juli 2004 kontinuierlich arbeitende Meteorradar am Observatorium Collm (53,3°N, 13°E) der Universität Leipzig dient der Messung des horizontalen Windfeldes sowie der Temperatur in der Mesopausenregion. Neben der Betrachtung des jahreszeitlichen Verhaltens von Grund- und Gezeitenwind ist es möglich, die Aktivität planetarer Wellen zu untersuchen. Spezielles Interesse gilt dabei der Quasi-2-Tage Welle im Sommer 2005, da zu dieser Zeit sowohl eine Verschiebung der maximalen Amplituden hin zu kürzeren als auch zu längeren Perioden beobachtbar war. Als mögliche Ursache dafür werden nichtlineare Wechselwirkungen zwischen der Quasi-2-Tage Welle und planetaren Wellen mit größeren Perioden gesehen. Die Untersuchung derartiger Wechselwirkungen erfolgt mit Hilfe der Bispektralanalyse.<br>Since July 2004 the meteor radar operates continuously at the Observatory (53,3°N, 13°E) of the University of Leipzig. It provides data of the horizontal wind field as well as the temperature of the mesopause region. In addition to the consideration of the seasonal behaviour of prevailing and tidal winds it is possible to examine the activity of planetary waves. Because of the shift of maximum amplitudes of the quasi-2-day wave in summer 2005 to shorter as well as longer periods the event has to be considered more in detail. Possible reasons for the displacements are nonlinear couplings between the quasi-2-day wave and planetary waves with longer periods. The
examination of those couplings is performed using bispectral analyses.
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Ziemann, Astrid, Christian Wehner, and Manueal Barth. "Untersuchung der Schallimmission im Zentrum von Leipzig." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-223331.
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Negativ empfundene Schallereignisse, d.h. Lärm, sind nach wie vor eines der bedeutendsten Umweltprobleme besonders in urbanen Räumen. Die Ausbreitung von Schallwellen findet, abgesehen von Wechselwirkungen mit dem Boden, in der Atmosphäre statt und wird durch deren Struktur beeinflusst. Eine maßgebliche Rolle spielt dabei die raum-zeitliche Variabilität der meteorologischen Größen Temperatur, Windvektor sowie Luftfeuchtigkeit, die durch Brechung, Streuung und Absorption zu einer verstärkten oder verringerten Schallimmission an einem Ort führen kann. Im Rahmen einer Schülerarbeit (“Besondere Lernleistung”) wurden Schallpegelwerte an mehreren Messpunkten auf dem Gelände des Leipziger Instituts für Meteorologie bei verschiedenen Atmosphärenzuständen aufgenommen. Erste Auswertungen der Messergebnisse werden in dieser Studie vorgestellt<br>Noise is one of the most important environmental problems especially in urban regions. The propagation of sound waves takes place in the atmosphere, apart from interactions with the ground surface, and is influenced by the atmospheric structure. Thereby, the spatial and temporal variability of meteorological quantities like temperature, wind vector and air moisture leads to refraction, scattering and absorption and thereupon to an increased or decreased noise exposure. Within the scope of a pupil’s work sound level measurements were carried out on different places at the site of Leipzig Institute of Meteorology during variable atmospheric conditions. First results are presented in this study
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Raabe, Armin, Katja Friedrich, and Holger Fritsch. "Vergleich beobachteter und aus parametrisierten Beziehungen berechneter Windreibungskoeffizienten während eines Sturmes an der Ostseeküste." Universität Leipzig, 1998. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A15080.
Full textAbstract:
Beobachtete und über parametns1erte Beziehungen berechnete Windreibungs-koeffizienten werden für die Zeit eines Sturms, der in der Zeit zwischen dem 08.07.96 und 11.07.96 an der Ostseeküste tobte, verglichen. Die innerhalb der ufernahen Zone aus Windprofildaten ermittelten Reibungskoeffizienten lassen sich mit weniger als 20% Fehler auch über vorliegende parametrisierten Beziehungen aus einer standardisierten Windgeschwindigkeitsmessung berechnen.<br>A comparison between observed and calculated wind drag coefficients were investigated during a storm with wind speeds up to 20 m/s at the Baltic Sea coast between 3th July, 1996 and 1 lth July, 1996. The drag coefficient which was determined from observed wind speeds from wind profile measurements can also be predicted on behalf of parameterised relations with a random error less then 20%.
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Qawaqneh, Zakariya. "Automatic Age Estimation from Real-World and Wild Face Images by Using Deep Neural Networks." Thesis, University of Bridgeport, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10689195.
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<p> Automatic age estimation from real-world and wild face images is a challenging task and has an increasing importance due to its wide range of applications in current and future lifestyles. As a result of increasing age specific human-computer interactions, it is expected that computerized systems should be capable of estimating the age from face images and respond accordingly. Over the past decade, many research studies have been conducted on automatic age estimation from face images. </p><p> In this research, new approaches for enhancing age classification of a person from face images based on deep neural networks (DNNs) are proposed. The work shows that pre-trained CNNs which were trained on large benchmarks for different purposes can be retrained and fine-tuned for age estimation from unconstrained face images. Furthermore, an algorithm to reduce the dimension of the output of the last convolutional layer in pre-trained CNNs to improve the performance is developed. Moreover, two new jointly fine-tuned DNNs frameworks are proposed. The first framework fine-tunes tow DNNs with two different feature sets based on the element-wise summation of their last hidden layer outputs. While the second framework fine-tunes two DNNs based on a new cost function. For both frameworks, each has two DNNs, the first DNN is trained by using facial appearance features that are extracted by a well-trained model on face recognition, while the second DNN is trained on features that are based on the superpixels depth and their relationships. </p><p> Furthermore, a new method for selecting robust features based on the power of DNN and <i>l<sub>21</sub>-norm</i> is proposed. This method is mainly based on a new cost function relating the DNN and the L21 norm in one unified framework. To learn and train this unified framework, the analysis and the proof for the convergence of the new objective function to solve minimization problem are studied. Finally, the performance of the proposed jointly fine-tuned networks and the proposed robust features are used to improve the age estimation from the facial images. The facial features concatenated with their corresponding robust features are fed to the first part of both networks and the superpixels features concatenated with their robust features are fed to the second part of the network </p><p> Experimental results on a public database show the effectiveness of the proposed methods and achieved the state-of-art performance on a public database. </p><p>
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Schneider, Madeleine [Verfasser], Michael [Gutachter] Wild, Michael [Akademischer Betreuer] Wild, Lars [Gutachter] Schimmöller, and Simon [Akademischer Betreuer] Thelen. "Einfluss der Frakturschwere proximaler Humerusfrakturen auf die klinischen Ergebnisse und die postoperative Lebensqualität nach winkelstabiler Plattenosteosynthese / Madeleine Schneider ; Gutachter: Michael Wild, Lars Schimmöller ; Michael Wild, Simon Thelen." Düsseldorf : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1215905017/34.
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Hopf, Anne [Verfasser]. "Wie wird die „Wilde Weide“ nicht zum Wald? : Auswirkungen von extensiver Ganzjahresbeweidung und Pflegemanagement auf Pionierbaumarten in der Oranienbaumer Heide vor dem Hintergrund des Klimawandels / Anne Hopf." Kassel : Universitätsbibliothek Kassel, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1240912056/34.
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Weiß, Norman. "Transformation in Guatemala — Wie mit der Arbeit der „Wahrheitskommission" umgegangen wird." Universität Potsdam, 1999. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2011/5461/.
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Ihly, Beat. "Der grossräumige nordöstliche Jet in der unteren Troposphäre im Schweizer Mittelland /." Opfikon : Lenticularis, 1995. http://www.ub.unibe.ch/content/bibliotheken_sammlungen/sondersammlungen/dissen_bestellformular/index_ger.html.
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Frey, Sandra [Verfasser], and Klaus-Peter [Akademischer Betreuer] Wild. "Individualisierungsstrategien, Bedürfniserfüllung im Unterricht und Interesse in der Erwachsenenbildung / Sandra Frey ; Betreuer: Klaus-Peter Wild." Regensburg : Universitätsbibliothek Regensburg, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1129956539/34.
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Wild, Markus [Verfasser], and Annette [Akademischer Betreuer] Leonhardt. "Auszubildende mit Hörschädigung in der Berufsausbildung auf dem ersten Arbeitsmarkt / Markus Wild ; Betreuer: Annette Leonhardt." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1132510996/34.
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Freudenberg, Heiko. "Der Einsatz von alaska bei der Entwicklung von Windkraftanlagen." Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-206938.
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Die Software alaska ist zunächst ein allgemeines Werkzeug zur Modellierung und Simulation der Dynamik mechanischer/mechatronischer Systeme. alaska wird am Institut ür Mechatronik in Chemnitz entwickelt. Mit dem Erweiterungsmodul alaska/Wind erhält alaska Funktionalitäten die erforderlich sind, um das dynamische Verhalten von Windkraftanlagen (WKA) mit dem Ziel zu simulieren, die resultierenden Belastungen zu ermitteln. Bestandteile von alaska/Wind sind u.a. Komponenten zu Beschreibung der aerodynamischen Umgebungsbedingungen und der Berechnung der daraus resultierenden, an der WKA angreifenden Windkräfte sowie ein Basis-WKA-Simulationsmodell. Inhalt des Vortrages ist es zu zeigen, wie dieses Basis-Simulationsmodell vom Anwender, also vom Entwickler/Hersteller von Windkraftanlagen, an seine spezifischen Anforderungen angepasst wird, wie es in seinen Produktentstehungsprozess eingebunden wird und wie mit dem Einsatz der alaska- Komponente alaska/DC (DistributedComputation) weitestgehend automatisch auf der Basis mehrerer Tausend Simulationsrechnungen Design-treibende Belastungen ermittelt werden.
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Schäfer, Bernhard. "Der Fall Bankovic oder Wie eine Lücke geschaffen wird." Universität Potsdam, 2002. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2010/4068/.
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1. Sachverhalt
2. Die anwendbaren Regeln der Auslegung und die Bedeutung des Ausdrucks „ihrer Herrschaftsgewalt unterstehenden“ („within their jurisdiction“)
3. Extraterritoriale Akte, die als Ausübung der Jurisdiktion anerkannt sind
4. Fallen die Beschwerdeführer daher unter die Jurisdiktion der beklagten Staaten?
5. Anmerkungen
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Kock, Alexander. "Wilde Action & sanfte Wellness die Zukunft der Freizeitbäder." Hamburg Diplomica-Verl, 2007. http://d-nb.info/985012439/04.
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Malz, Angela. "Aus der Alten Aktienspinnerei wird die neue Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz." Walter de Gruyter GmbH, 2020. https://monarch.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A72129.
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In Chemnitz wird die Alte Aktienspinnerei – ein Industriegebäude aus dem 19. Jahrhundert – zur zentralen Universitätsbibliothek umgebaut. Es entsteht ein sehr besonderes Bibliotheksgebäude, in dem historische Elemente mit moderner Technik gepaart sein werden. Die Bibliothek will ein inspirierender Ort für alle werden, die an wissenschaftlicher Information interessiert sind, neue Erkenntnisse gewinnen wollen, sich treffen und austauschen möchten – und das rund um die Uhr als 24/7-Bibliothek.<br>At Chemnitz, the 'Ancient Stock Spinning Mill' - an industrial building dating back to the 19th century - is reconstructed in order to become the Central University Library. A very particular library building will be resulting from this process combining historic elements with state-of-the-art technology. The library is supposed to become an inspiring location for everyone who is interested in gaining scientific information, gathering new insights, meeting other people as well as exchange experiences and ideas - and doing this day and night in a 24/7-library.
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Grünewald, Volker. "Frühmittelalterliche Grabfunde im Bereich der unteren Wied (Neuwieder Becken) /." Bonn : R. Habelt, 2001. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41464012h.
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