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Journal articles on the topic 'Wild boar Ecology'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 29 January 2023

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1

Okolelov, A. Yu, M. A. Miklyaeva, O. M. Zolotova, A. V. Kozachek, and E. A. Sukharev. "The Boar Ecology in Natural and Man-Made Landscapes of the Tambov Region." Voprosy sovremennoj nauki i praktiki. Universitet imeni V.I. Vernadskogo, no. 1(79) (2021): 069–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.17277/voprosy.2021.01.pp.069-081.

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Some features of wild boar ecology in the natural and man-made landscapes of the Tambov region have been studied. The dynamics of the number, distribution, food ration, breeding characteristics, limiting factors and protection of wild boars in the region have been analyzed.

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2

de-la-Muela, Nuria, Sebastián Hernández-de-Luján, and Ignacio Ferre. "Helminths of Wild Boar in Spain." Journal of Wildlife Diseases 37, no. 4 (October 2001): 840–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-37.4.840.

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3

Fonseca, C. "Distribution and numbers of the wild boar population in south eastern Poland." Pirineos 157 (December 30, 2002): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/pirineos.2002.v157.59.

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4

Bobek, Bogusław, Jakub Furtek, and Marta Wojciuch-Płoskonka. "Using data from collective hunts to estimate the wild boar (Sus scrofa) population density in north-eastern Poland." Mammalian Biology 101, no. 6 (September 28, 2021): 933–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42991-021-00182-7.

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AbstractThe spread of the African swine fever through wild boar population has caused major losses in the pig industry. Therefore, to decrease the population density of wild boar in Poland, the culling of these animals has been dramatically increased. However, the effect of depopulation is unknown because there are no methods that could be used throughout the country to estimate the number of wild boar. Thus, during two hunting seasons an attempt was made to estimate the number of wild boar using data from collective hunts. The forested area of 21 hunting districts (351.5 km2) was divided into five sampling inventory blocks (SIBs), which were used for the statistical analysis of the population density, the harvest rate and results of collective hunts. The average population density obtained by a driving census amounted to 8.19 ± 1.12 and 10.09 ± 1.06 (x̅ ± SE), animals/km2, which indicates that 2879 and 3547 wild boar were living in the study area in 2012/2013 and 2013/2014 seasons respectively. The number of wild boars bagged per one hunting plot was adopted as the harvest success index (HBI). In SIBs the HBI value fluctuated in the range of 0.55 to 1.87 individuals/hunting plot and the population density ranged from 6.46 to 12.18 wild boars/km2. The non-linear regression showed a positive relationship between the HBI index and the population density. The discussion covers the possibility of using collective hunts to estimate the number of wild boar in Poland and in the European Union.

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5

Hadjisterkotis, Eleftherios. "Sixth international wild boar symposium." European Journal of Wildlife Research 52, no. 1 (February 25, 2006): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10344-006-0030-x.

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6

Fruziński, B., and L. Łabudzki. "Management of wild boar in Poland." Zeitschrift für Jagdwissenschaft 48, S1 (December 2002): 201–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02192409.

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7

Morais, T. A., C. A. Rosa, C. S. Azevedo, A. B. Viana-Junior, P. Santos, and M. Passamani. "Factors affecting space use by wild boars (Sus scrofa) in high-elevation tropical forests." Canadian Journal of Zoology 97, no. 11 (November 2019): 971–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2019-0130.

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The wild boar (Sus scrofa Linnaeus, 1758) is considered one of the 100 worst invasive species in the world and is present in the high-elevation forests in Brazil. Our objective was to understand how landscape and atmospheric conditions affect space use by wild boars. We hypothesized that wild boars would be more frequent at lower elevations, warmer and wetter forested areas, and away from human disturbances. After three years of data collection (2013–2016) using 16 camera traps, 881 independent records were obtained with a mean of 4.44 ± 9.25 pigs per record. Wild boar frequency of occurrence was higher at lower elevations, in more humid and warmer areas, and farther away human disturbance factors, corroborating our initial hypothesis. Understanding space-use patterns of wild boars is necessary for the design of management strategies that target areas of more intense usage, as well as for defining more effective population-control techniques.

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8

Bueno, C. G., I. C. Barrio, R. García-González, C. L. Alados, and D. Gómez-García. "Assessment of wild boar rooting on ecological and pastoral values of alpine pyrenean grasslands." Pirineos 166 (July 14, 2011): 51–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/pirineos.2011.166003.

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9

Virgós, Emilio. "Factors affecting wild boar (Sus scrofa) occurrence in highly fragmented Mediterranean landscapes." Canadian Journal of Zoology 80, no. 3 (March 1, 2002): 430–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z02-028.

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This paper is an analysis of the effects of forest fragmentation on wild boar (Sus scrofa) occurrence in coarse-grained fragmented landscapes (<20% forestscrubland cover on a landscape scale; N = 140 forest fragments, four regions) in central Spain. Occurrence was examined in relation to forest size, isolation, habitat quality, and region. Wild boar occurrence was mainly explained by the location of the forest fragments on the northern or southern plateau. Wild boars were more abundant on the northern plateau than on the southern plateau. In addition, wild boars are more frequent in large forest fragments adjacent to other large forests near mountains or riparian woodlands. The percent presence of wild boars in fragments varied among the four regions sampled (regional effect). Although wild boars occurred more frequently in large than in small forests, this pattern was less pronounced than that found in badgers (Meles meles), roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), and stone martens (Martes foina) and similar to that found in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes). The spatial distribution of wild boars may be affected by forest fragmentation despite their typical generalist life-history traits and potential use of agricultural areas as food habitats. These results support the idea that landscape pattern (degree of fragmentation and grain pattern) may be a determinant of species' abundance and distribution in fragmented landscapes.

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10

Petrović, Jelena, Jovan Marčeta, Dragan Antić, Ivan Pušić, and Miroslav Urošević. "SUGGESSTED MODEL FOR MONITORING AND CONTROL OF FOODBORNE PATHOGENS IN WILD BOAR'S MEAT." Archives of Veterinary Medicine 7, no. 2 (January 21, 2015): 57–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.46784/e-avm.v7i2.131.

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Wild animal meat harvesting and processing is signifi cantly different from classical livestock meat production and represents a challenge by itself.Implementation of concept “from forest to fork” encompasses influence of hunting ground ecology, type of hunting, fi eld evisceration of hunted game, meat inspection aft er shooting or transport etc. The objective of this paper was to propose a model for monitoring and control of food born pathogens in wild boar´s meat. Hazard analysis emphasized the importance of several pathogens: Mycobacterium spp., Salmonella spp., Trichinella spp., and a fi ve-step control program were proposed. The program includes management of microbial contamination of wild boar meat, control measures for live animals, control measures during hunting and aft er shooting, guidelines for offi cial meat inspection with specific details for control of identifi ed hazardous pathogens and control measures for wild boar carcasses processing. Th e research on presence of food born pathogens in wild boar meat is still scarce, while the Trichinella spp. live cycle is well described and there are relevant data about epidemiology and natural reservoirs of the parasite in this part of Europe, little is known about tuberculosis and salmonellosis prevalence in wild boar population. Thus, implementation of control program, with strictly defi ned control measures cannot be overemphasized, and should include veterinary offi cials as well as hunters and others involved in game meat chain.

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11

Salvador, Gilberto Nepomuceno, Nathali Garcia Ristau, Isabel Sanches da Silva, and André Nunes. "The pig of the Lençóis Maranhenses, first record of wild boar (Sus scrofa) in Maranhão State, Brazil." Check List 15, no. 4 (August 12, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/15.4.1.

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The wild boar is one of the most dangerous invasive species. It is widespread in the world, including records for many Brazilian states. However, there is a lack of record from Maranhão state. In the present study, we reported a population of wild boar inside the Lençóis Maranhenses National Park, in Barrerinhas county, State of Maranhão. We discuss about the negative effects of this introduction on native species, including a record of predation by wild boar in nests of endangered turtles.

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12

Piattoni, Federica, Francesca Oir, Marco Morara, Mirco Iotti, and Alessandra Zambonelli. "The role of wild boars in spore dispersal of hypogeous fungi." Acta Mycologica 47, no. 2 (December 23, 2013): 145–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/am.2012.017.

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Wild boars (<em>Sus scrofa</em> L.) are well-known for soil disturbance in natural and cultivated truffières but their role in spore dispersal is poorly investigated. In the present work we studied the occurrence of hypogeous fungal spores in faecal contents of 14 wild boars randomly hunted in “Parco dei Gessi e Calanchi dell’Abbadessa” Regional Park (North of Italy) where truffle production has been previously investigated for three years. Six methods for spore analysis in faeces were compared and the suspension of faeces in ZnSO<sub>4</sub> (70%) solution resulted to be the most reliable. Hypogeous fungal spores, including <em>Tuber magnatum</em> and <em>Tuber aestivum</em> spores, were detected in 9 animals. This result suggests that the detection of fungal spores in faeces of wild boars may provide information on the presence of hypogeous fungi in an area. However, the poor abundance of spores suggests that the wild boar can be considered an opportunistic mycophagist, ingesting truffles only occasionally, as a seasonal source of food. Considering the magnitude of wild boar movements during seasonal migrations, it is possible to speculate that they play a key role in truffle long distance dispersal.

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13

Ballari, Sebastián A., Alejandro E. J. Valenzuela, and Martín A. Nuñez. "Interactions between wild boar and cattle in Patagonian temperate forest: cattle impacts are worse when alone than with wild boar." Biological Invasions 22, no. 5 (January 30, 2020): 1681–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10530-020-02212-w.

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14

Canu, Antonio, Stefano Costa, Laura Iacolina, Piergiovanni Piatti, Marco Apollonio, and Massimo Scandura. "Are captive wild boar more introgressed than free-ranging wild boar? Two case studies in Italy." European Journal of Wildlife Research 60, no. 3 (April 8, 2014): 459–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10344-014-0804-5.

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15

Fernández-Llario, Pedro, and Patricio Mateos-Quesada. "Udder preference in wild boar piglets." acta ethologica 8, no. 1 (May 10, 2005): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10211-005-0109-5.

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16

Tarvydas, Arūnas, and Olgirda Belova. "Effect of Wild Boar (Sus scrofa L.) on Forests, Agricultural Lands and Population Management in Lithuania." Diversity 14, no. 10 (September 26, 2022): 801. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d14100801.

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The wild boar (Sus scrofa L., 1758) is one of the most common and widespread game species not only in the Baltic Sea region but also throughout its entire range. However, quantitative population management is required due to the danger of contagious diseases; the census is imprecise, and integrated management and monitoring are still missing in Lithuania. This study focused on the current condition of the wild boar population at the country level, species activity in forests and adjacent agricultural lands, the problem of damage to agriculture and forestry caused by wild boar, and methods for the management of the wild boar population. A methodology for the assessment of the effect of wild boar will help in reducing their impact. For the successful management of wild boar, an increase in the carrying capacity in conformity with animal density should be accomplished.

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17

Miloš, Ježek, Holá Michaela, Kušta Tomáš, and Červený Jaroslav. "Creeping into a wild boar stomach to find traces of supplementary feeding." Wildlife Research 43, no. 7 (2016): 590. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr16065.

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Context Supplementary feeding and baiting of wild ungulates is a common management practice. Wild boar is among the most frequently fed species and its numbers are rapidly increasing throughout Europe. It has been suggested that supplementary feeding throughout the year can have intentional and unintentional impacts on the species as well as on European forests and agricultural landscapes, and biodiversity. It is, therefore, important to identify the dependence of wild boar on supplemental foods to determine and predict its feeding patterns under alternative population and land-use management scenarios. Aims We investigated the diet composition of wild boar from stomach contents to identify its dependence on food resources of human origin (i.e. agricultural crops and supplemental foods) throughout the year in the Czech Republic. Methods We collected 345 samples from four study sites during spring, summer and winter seasons, over a 3-year period, and from different wild boar ages and sex classes. Key results Foods of human origin (mainly cereals) were the dominant food category and constituted the bulk of wild boar diet throughout the year (>50% of total stomach-content biomass), especially in winter, and in all the study sites. Cereals found in the stomachs of wild boar in summer might come from both crop fields as well as supplementary feeding. However, cereals identified in the stomachs in winter and spring come predominantly from baiting and supplementary feeding conducted by hunters. Cereals were consumed in different proportions by different ages and sexes. Males fed on cereals more than did females, whereas juveniles depended on such food less than did subadults. Conclusions Our finding of a consistent dependence of wild boar on food of human origin throughout the year in all study sites confirmed that supplementary feeding is important in the diet, which is a potential reason for the rapid increase of wild boar numbers in the Czech Republic. Implications Wildlife management agencies need to target feeding practices and design restrictive measures for supplementary feeding and baiting of wild boar in the Czech Republic. This should include defining maximum amounts of food and precise periods for supplementary feeding, and reducing non-target species at feeding sites.

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Ballesteros, Cristina, Ricardo Carrasco-García, Joaquín Vicente, Jesús Carrasco, Angelo Lasagna, José de la Fuente, and Christian Gortázar. "Selective piglet feeders improve age-related bait specificity and uptake rate in overabundant Eurasian wild boar populations." Wildlife Research 36, no. 3 (2009): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr08127.

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The Eurasian wild boar (Sus scrofa) is a reservoir for pathogens that affect both humans and domestic animals. The control of these diseases requires the development of strategies such as oral vaccination of the reservoir species. The aim of the present study was to determine the species-specific visitation and removal rates of cereal-based baits under field conditions in an overabundant wild boar population. Two different field trials were conducted at a hunting estate. In one trial, baits were placed at track stations set up either randomly in the undeveloped portions of the estate or close to permanent wild boar feeding places. In the second trial, baits were placed in feeders that were selective for use by wild boar piglets. Both trials were conducted in summer 2007 and repeated in spring 2008. No evidence of attractant effect by the bait was found when comparing baited against control stations. A close proximity to the feeders was associated with an increased probability of being visited by wild boar, and piglet feeders were shown to be highly selective for young wild boar. Baits disappeared faster in summer than in spring (i.e. ~70% consumption after the first day in selective feeders in summer, and 40% in spring). Therefore, a combination of a summer season and selective feeders was found to be a potentially reliable bait-deployment strategy for wild boar juveniles under Mediterranean conditions. These results support the use of selective feeders for oral delivery of baits to 2–4-month-old wild boar piglets, which is the preferred age for vaccination. Our delivery technique based on selective piglet feeders also has potential for other uses in the Eurasian wild boar and wild pigs under different management conditions.

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Szewczyk, Maciej, Krzysztof Łepek, Sabina Nowak, Małgorzata Witek, Anna Bajcarczyk, Korneliusz Kurek, Przemysław Stachyra, Robert W. Mysłajek, and Bogusław Szewczyk. "Evaluation of the Presence of ASFV in Wolf Feces Collected from Areas in Poland with ASFV Persistence." Viruses 13, no. 10 (October 14, 2021): 2062. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13102062.

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African swine fever (ASF), caused by a DNA virus (ASFV) belonging to genus Asfivirus of the Asfarviridae family, is one of the most threatening diseases of suids. During last few years, it has spread among populations of wild boars and pigs in countries of Eastern and Central Europe, causing huge economical losses. While local ASF occurrence is positively correlated with wild boar density, ecology of this species (social structure, movement behavior) constrains long-range disease transmission. Thus, it has been speculated that carnivores known for high daily movement and long-range dispersal ability, such as the wolf (Canis lupus), may be indirect ASFV vectors. To test this, we analyzed 62 wolf fecal samples for the presence of ASFV DNA, collected mostly in parts of Poland declared as ASF zones. This dataset included 20 samples confirmed to contain wild boar remains, 13 of which were collected near places where GPS-collared wolves fed on dead wild boars. All analyzed fecal samples were ASFV-negative. On the other hand, eight out of nine wild boar carcasses that were fed on by telemetrically studied wolves were positive. Thus, our results suggest that when wolves consume meat of ASFV-positive wild boars, the virus does not survive the passage through intestinal tract. Additionally, wolves may limit ASFV transmission by removing infectious carrion. We speculate that in areas where telemetric studies on large carnivores are performed, data from GPS collars could be used to enhance efficiency of carcass search, which is one of the main preventive measures to constrain ASF spread.

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Takova, Katerina, Tsvetoslav Koynarski, Ivan Minkov, Zdravka Ivanova, Valentina Toneva, and Gergana Zahmanova. "Increasing Hepatitis E Virus Seroprevalence in Domestic Pigs and Wild Boar in Bulgaria." Animals 10, no. 9 (August 28, 2020): 1521. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10091521.

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(1) Background: Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a causative agent of acute viral hepatitis, predominantly transmitted by the fecal–oral route. In developed countries, HEV is considered to be an emerging pathogen since the number of autochthonous cases is rising. Hepatitis E is a viral disease with a proven zoonotic potential for some of its genotypes. The main viral reservoirs are domestic pigs and wild boar. Consumption of undercooked meat, as well as occupational exposure, are key factors for the spread of HEV. In order to evaluate the risks of future viral evolution, a detailed examination of the ecology and distribution of the virus is needed. The aim of the present study is to investigate the prevalence of anti-HEV IgG Ab in domestic pigs and wild boar in Bulgaria; (2) Methods: In this study, during the period of three years between 2017 and 2019, 433 serum samples from 19 different pig farms and 1 slaughterhouse were collected and analyzed. In addition, 32 samples from wild boar were also collected and analyzed during the 2018–2019 hunting season. All samples were analyzed by commercial indirect ELISA; (3) Results: Overall, HEV seroprevalence was 60% (95% CI 42.7–77.1) in domestic pigs and 12.5% (4/32) in wild boar. The observed seroprevalence of the slaughter-aged pigs was 73.65% (95% Cl 58.7–87.3). Prevalence in domestic pigs was significantly higher in the samples collected during 2019 (98% (95% Cl 96.1–99.9)) compared to those collected during 2017 (45.33% (95% CI 2.7–87.3)) and 2018 (38.46% (95% CI 29.1–49.7.); (4) Conclusions: Our findings suggest that domesticated pigs and wild boar might be the reason for the increased HEV transmission across Bulgaria. The genotypic characterization of HEV found in pigs, wild boar and humans will give a more accurate view of the zoonotic transmission of this virus.

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Iacolina, Laura, Massimo Scandura, Paolo Bongi, and Marco Apollonio. "Nonkin Associations in Wild Boar Social Units." Journal of Mammalogy 90, no. 3 (June 2, 2009): 666–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1644/08-mamm-a-074r1.1.

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22

Amendolia, Sara, Marco Lombardini, Paola Pierucci, and Alberto Meriggi. "Seasonal spatial ecology of the wild boar in a peri-urban area." Mammal Research 64, no. 3 (February 21, 2019): 387–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13364-019-00422-9.

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23

Eslami, A., and S. Farsad-Hamdi. "Helminth Parasites of Wild Boar, Sus scrofa, in Iran." Journal of Wildlife Diseases 28, no. 2 (April 1992): 316–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-28.2.316.

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24

Müller, T., J. Teuffert, K. Ziedler, C. Possardt, M. Kramer, C. Staubach, and F. J. Conraths. "PSEUDORABIES IN THE EUROPEAN WILD BOAR FROM EASTERN GERMANY." Journal of Wildlife Diseases 34, no. 2 (April 1998): 251–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-34.2.251.

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Wirthner, Sven, Martin Schütz, Deborah S. Page-Dumroese, Matt D. Busse, James W. Kirchner, and Anita C. Risch. "Do changes in soil properties after rooting by wild boars (Sus scrofa) affect understory vegetation in Swiss hardwood forests?" Canadian Journal of Forest Research 42, no. 3 (March 2012): 585–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x2012-013.

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Recovering from small fragmented populations, wild boars ( Sus scrofa L.) have considerably increased their numbers and their habitat range in many European countries during the past two decades. Although several studies have focused on the impact of wild boar rooting on selected vegetation properties, little is known about effects on entire forest ecosystems. The main goal of our study was to assess how rooting by boars alters soil and vegetation properties. We measured soil chemical and biological properties (C and N concentrations, N availability, and microbial biomass C) as well as several vegetation characteristics (total plant cover, plant species diversity, and number and height of saplings) on paired rooted and non-rooted plots in six hardwood forests in Switzerland. We found that rooting by wild boars led to significant increases in mineral soil C and N concentrations and microbial biomass C, which could lead to improved growth conditions for plants. However, total plant cover and sapling counts were reduced on rooted plots, possibly due to mechanical disturbance or due to reduced plant available N (measured as supply rate in contrast with the observed increase in total stocks of mineral soil N). In view of these results, simple characterizations of wild boar rooting as beneficial or detrimental to forest ecosystems should be handled with care.

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Don, Axel, Christina Hagen, Erik Grüneberg, and Cora Vos. "Simulated wild boar bioturbation increases the stability of forest soil carbon." Biogeosciences 16, no. 21 (October 30, 2019): 4145–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4145-2019.

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Abstract. Most forest soils are characterised by a steep carbon gradient from the forest floor to the mineral soil, indicating that carbon is prevented from entry into the soil. Bioturbation can facilitate the incorporation of litter-derived carbon into the mineral soil. Wild boar are effective at mixing and grubbing in the soil and wild boar populations are increasing in many parts of the world. In a 6-year field study, we investigated the effect of simulated wild boar bioturbation on the stocks and stability of soil organic carbon in two forest areas. Regular bioturbation mimicking grubbing by wild boar was performed artificially in 23 plots, and the organic layer and mineral soil down to 15 cm depth were then sampled. No significant changes in soil organic carbon stocks were detected in the bioturbation plots compared with non-disturbed reference plots. However, around 50 % of forest floor carbon was transferred with bioturbation to mineral soil carbon, and the stock of stabilised mineral-associated carbon increased by 28 %. Thus, a large proportion of the labile carbon in the forest floor was transformed into more stable carbon. Carbon saturation of mineral surfaces was not detected, but carbon loading per unit mineral surface increased by on average 66 % in the forest floor due to bioturbation. This indicates that mineral forest soils have non-used capacity to stabilise and store carbon. Transfer of aboveground litter into the mineral soil is the only rate-limiting process. Wild boar may speed up this process with their grubbing activity.

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Gordigiani, Lorenzo, Andrea Viviano, Francesca Brivio, Stefano Grignolio, Lorenzo Lazzeri, Andrea Marcon, and Emiliano Mori. "Carried away by a moonlight shadow: activity of wild boar in relation to nocturnal light intensity." Mammal Research 67, no. 1 (December 4, 2021): 39–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13364-021-00610-6.

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Abstract An increase of nocturnal activity of ungulate species may represent a compensatory opportunity for energy intake, when activity in daylight is hindered by some disturbance events (e.g. hunting or predation). Therefore, mostly-diurnal and crepuscular species may be active in bright moonlight nights whereas others may shift their diurnal activity towards darkest nights to limit their exposure to predators. In natural and undisturbed conditions, the wild boar may be active both during the day and the night, with alternating periods of activity and resting. In this work, we tested whether activity patterns of wild boar, a species with poor visive abilities, were dependent on moon phases and environmental lightening. We aimed to assess if nocturnal activity could be better explained by variations of the lunar cycle or by the variations of environmental lightening conditions, evaluated by means of different measures of night brightness. Data were collected through camera-trapping in Central Italy in 2019–2020. Despite the poor visive abilities of the wild boar, we observed that this ungulate significantly reduced their activity by avoiding the brightest nights. In our study area, the wild boar has to cope with both human pressure (i.e. mostly hunters and poachers) and predation by the grey wolf. Furthermore, the nocturnal activity of wild boar peaked in mid-Autumn, i.e. when hunting pressure is the highest and when leaf fall may bring wild boar to range for long distances to find suitable resting sites for diurnal hours.

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DE CARVALHO, CARLOS NETO, FERNANDO MUÑIZ, ZAIN BELAÚSTEGUI, JOÃO BELO, PAULA GÓMEZ, ANTONIO TOSCANO, MÁRIO CACHÃO, et al. "PALEOECOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS OF LARGE-SIZED WILD BOAR TRACKS RECORDED DURING THE LAST INTERGLACIAL (MIS 5) AT HUELVA (SW SPAIN)." PALAIOS 35, no. 12 (December 17, 2020): 512–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2110/palo.2020.058.

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ABSTRACT Well-preserved tracks of the wild boar Sus scrofa are described from the Matalascañas Trampled Surface (MTS) in the upper Pleistocene aeolian basal unit of the El Asperillo Cliff, Huelva (southwestern Spain). These are the first published tracks of suid pigs in the fossil record, here formally described as Suidichnus galani igen. and isp. nov. A revision of valid artiodactyl ichnogenera is provided for comparison. The large size of wild boar found in the Late Pleistocene of Spain contradicts the general trend towards smaller size known for the evolution of the species and the Bergmann's ecogeographical rule for the extant subspecies. In the present case, the remarkable large size that can be reached by these tracks is discussed as an ecomorphological adaptation of wild boars to either resource bonanza, and/or predation pressure during the Last Interglacial. The large S. scrofa scrofa identified in MTS corresponds to some of the earliest evidences known to this subspecies in Iberia.

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Krajewska, Monika, Marek Lipiec, Anna Zabost, Ewa Augustynowicz-Kopeć, and Krzysztof Szulowski. "Bovine Tuberculosis in a Wild Boar (Sus scrofa) in Poland." Journal of Wildlife Diseases 50, no. 4 (October 2014): 1001–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.7589/2013-07-187.

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Morelle, Kevin, François Lehaire, and Philippe Lejeune. "Is Wild Boar Heading Towards Movement Ecology? A Review of Trends and Gaps." Wildlife Biology 20, no. 4 (August 2014): 196–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.2981/wlb.00017.

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Porrero, M. Concepción, Gregorio Mentaberre, Sergio Sánchez, Pedro Fernández-Llario, Encarna Casas-Díaz, Ana Mateos, Dolors Vidal, Santiago Lavín, José-Francisco Fernández-Garayzábal, and Lucas Domínguez. "Carriage of Staphylococcus aureus by Free-Living Wild Animals in Spain." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 80, no. 16 (June 6, 2014): 4865–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00647-14.

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ABSTRACTThe presence of methicillin-susceptibleStaphylococcus aureus(MSSA) was analyzed in different free-living wild animals to assess the genetic diversity and predominant genotypes on each animal species. Samples were taken from the skin and/or nares, and isolates were characterized byspatyping, multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. The proportion of MSSA carriers were 5.00, 22.93, 19.78, and 17.67% in Eurasian griffon vulture, Iberian ibex, red deer, and wild boar, respectively (P= 0.057). A higher proportion of isolates (P= 0.000) were recovered from nasal samples (78.51%) than skin samples (21.49%), but the 9.26% of red deer and 18.25% of wild boar would have been undetected if only nasal samples had been tested. Sixty-three differentspatypes were identified, including 25 newspatypes. The most common were t528 (43.59%) in Iberian ibex, t548 and t11212 (15.79% and 14.04%) in red deer, and t3750 (36.11%) in wild boar. By MLST, 27 STs were detected, of which 12 had not been described previously. The most frequent were ST581 for Iberian ibex (48.72%), ST425 for red deer (29.82%), and ST2328 for wild boar (42.36%). Isolates from Eurasian griffon vulture belong to ST133. Host specificity has been observed for the most frequentspatypes and STs (P= 0.000). The highest resistance percentage was found against benzylpenicillin (average, 22.2%), although most of theS. aureusisolates were susceptible to all antimicrobial tested. Basically, MSSA isolates were different from those MRSA isolates previously detected in the same animal species.

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Li, Jia, Yadong Xue, Mingfu Liao, Wei Dong, Bo Wu, and Diqiang Li. "Temporal and Spatial Activity Patterns of Sympatric Wild Ungulates in Qinling Mountains, China." Animals 12, no. 13 (June 28, 2022): 1666. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12131666.

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Dramatic increases in populations of wild ungulates have brought a new ecological issue in the Qinling mountains. Information on species’ niche differentiation will contribute to a greater understanding of the mechanisms of coexistence, so as to ultimately benefit the conservation and management of ecological communities. In this study, camera trapping was used to investigate spatial and temporal activity patterns of sympatric wild ungulates in the Qinling Mountains of China, where top predators were virtually absent. We obtained 15,584 independent detections of seven wild ungulate species during 93,606 camera-trap days from April 2014 to October 2017. Results showed that (i) the capture rate differed significantly across species, with the capture rate of reeve muntjac being significantly higher than that of other species; (ii) the wild boar had a higher occupancy rates (ψ = 0.888) than other six ungulates, and distance to settlements had a negative relationship with wild boar (β = −0.24 ± 0.17); (iii) the forest musk deer and mainland serow had low spatial overlaps with other five wild ungulates, while spatial overlap indices of any two given pairs of wild ungulates were relatively high; (iv) all wild ungulates species (expect wild boar) were mainly active during crepuscular and diurnal periods, and showed bimodal activity peaks at around 05:00–07:00 and 17:00–19:00; and finally, (v) all wild ungulates showed moderate to high temporal overlaps. The results provided detailed information of the spatial and temporal ecology of wild ungulate communities in forest ecosystems of China, which also would be a guide to establish conservation priorities as well as efficient management programs.

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Salvador, Gilberto Nepomuceno, Nathali Garcia Ristau, Isabel Sanches da Silva, and André Valle Nunes. "First record of Wild Boar (Sus scrofa Linnaeus, 1758) in Lençóis Maranhenses National Park, Maranhão state, northern Brazil." Check List 15, no. 5 (October 18, 2019): 915–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/15.5.915.

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The Wild Boar is one of the world’s most dangerous invasive species. It is now established in many regions beyond its native range, including many Brazilian states. However, the species has never been recorded from the Brazilian state of Maranhão. Here, we report the first occurrence of this species from Lençóis Maranhenses National Park, within the municipality of Barrerinhas, Maranhão state. We discuss the negative effects of this introduction on native species, including the problem with predation of nests of an endangered turtle species by Wild Boar.

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Kaminski, G., S. Brandt, E. Baubet, and C. Baudoin. "Life-history patterns in female wild boars (Sus scrofa): mother–daughter postweaning associations." Canadian Journal of Zoology 83, no. 3 (March 1, 2005): 474–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z05-019.

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Mother–daughter postweaning associations in wild boars (Sus scrofa L., 1758) were investigated using 12 years' data from a wild population in Champagne, France. In the wild boar, a polygynous ungulate species, females (i) can reproduce as soon as they are yearlings and (ii) generally have large litters, in contrast to many other ungulate species. It is generally thought that their social organization is centered around groups of adult females and their offspring, but genealogical relationships in female groups have never been studied. Hence this species is suitable for testing the hypothesis of a matrilineal social organization. We studied the occurrence and strength of mother–daughter associations before and after the first potential breeding of yearling females, using a total of 85 individuals. Seasonal fluctuations in associations were observed, but after weaning, daughters generally remained with the mother. When leaving their natal group, yearling females formed new kin groups with sisters. Two important factors involved in the postweaning associations were adult and yearling reproductive participation and maternal age. The present study constitutes the first clear demonstration that family groups, with overlapping generations of females, represent the typical social organization in a forest wild boar population.

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Kierdorf, U., D. Konjevic, Z. Janicki, A. Slavica, T. Keros, and J. Curlik. "Tusk abnormalities in wild boar ( Sus scrofa L.)." European Journal of Wildlife Research 50, no. 1 (March 1, 2004): 48–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10344-003-0035-7.

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Fonseca, Carlos, António Alves da Silva, Joana Alves, José Vingada, and Amadeu M. V. M. Soares. "Reproductive performance of wild boar females in Portugal." European Journal of Wildlife Research 57, no. 2 (October 5, 2010): 363–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10344-010-0441-6.

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Podgórski, Tomasz, Sanne de Jong, Jakub W. Bubnicki, Dries P. J. Kuijper, Marcin Churski, and Bogumiła Jędrzejewska. "Drivers of synchronized vigilance in wild boar groups." Behavioral Ecology 27, no. 4 (2016): 1097–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arw016.

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Garcia, Maxime, Bruno Gingras, Daniel L. Bowling, Christian T. Herbst, Markus Boeckle, Yann Locatelli, and W. Tecumseh Fitch. "Structural Classification of Wild Boar ( Sus scrofa ) Vocalizations." Ethology 122, no. 4 (February 16, 2016): 329–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/eth.12472.

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39

Matsuyama, Ryota, Takehisa Yamamoto, Yoko Hayama, and Ryosuke Omori. "Measuring impact of vaccination among wildlife: The case of bait vaccine campaigns for classical swine fever epidemic among wild boar in Japan." PLOS Computational Biology 18, no. 10 (October 6, 2022): e1010510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010510.

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Understanding the impact of vaccination in a host population is essential to control infectious diseases. However, the impact of bait vaccination against wildlife diseases is difficult to evaluate. The vaccination history of host animals is generally not observable in wildlife, and it is difficult to distinguish immunity by vaccination from that caused by disease infection. For these reasons, the impact of bait vaccination against classical swine fever (CSF) in wild boar inhabiting Japan has not been evaluated accurately. In this study, we aimed to estimate the impact of the bait vaccination campaign by modelling the dynamics of CSF and the vaccination process among a Japanese wild boar population. The model was designed to estimate the impact of bait vaccination despite lack of data regarding the demography and movement of wild boar. Using our model, we solved the theoretical relationship between the impact of vaccination, the time-series change in the proportion of infected wild boar, and that of immunised wild boar. Using this derived relationship, the increase in antibody prevalence against CSF because of vaccine campaigns in 2019 was estimated to be 12.1 percentage points (95% confidence interval: 7.8–16.5). Referring to previous reports on the basic reproduction number (R0) of CSF in wild boar living outside Japan, the amount of vaccine distribution required for CSF elimination by reducing the effective reproduction number under unity was also estimated. An approximate 1.6 (when R0 = 1.5, target vaccination coverage is 33.3% of total population) to 2.9 (when R0 = 2.5, target vaccination coverage is 60.0% of total population) times larger amount of vaccine distribution would be required than the total amount of vaccine distribution in four vaccination campaigns in 2019.

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Brogi, Rudy, Marco Apollonio, Francesca Brivio, Enrico Merli, and Stefano Grignolio. "Behavioural syndromes going wild: individual risk-taking behaviours of free-ranging wild boar." Animal Behaviour 194 (December 2022): 79–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2022.09.013.

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Massei, Giovanna, Ainsley Jones, Trevor Platt, and Dave P. Cowan. "Iophenoxic Acid as a Long-Term Marker for Wild Boar." Journal of Wildlife Management 73, no. 3 (April 2009): 458–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2193/2007-580.

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Murase, Kaori, Ryosuke Niwamoto, Junpei Horie, Joe Murase, Masae Saito, Yuuji Kodera, Kei Okuda, Masaaki Koganezawa, and Toshiyuki Sato. "Large microsatellite shifts in wild boar after the Fukushima accident." Global Ecology and Conservation 35 (June 2022): e02059. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2022.e02059.

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43

Podgórski, Tomasz, Marco Apollonio, and Oliver Keuling. "Contact rates in wild boar populations: Implications for disease transmission." Journal of Wildlife Management 82, no. 6 (May 1, 2018): 1210–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.21480.

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44

Baums, Christoph G., Gerd Josef Verkï¿½hlen, Thomas Rehm, Luciana M. G. Silva, Martin Beyerbach, Klaus Pohlmeyer, and Peter Valentin-Weigand. "Prevalence of Streptococcus suis Genotypes in Wild Boars of Northwestern Germany." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 73, no. 3 (November 3, 2006): 711–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01800-06.

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ABSTRACT Invasive serotype 2 (cps2 +) strains of Streptococcus suis cause meningitis in pigs and humans. Four case reports of S. suis meningitis in hunters suggest transmission of S. suis through the butchering of wild boars. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of potentially human-pathogenic S. suis strains in wild boars. S. suis was isolated from 92% of all tested tonsils (n = 200) from wild boars. A total of 244 S. suis isolates were genotyped using PCR assays for the detection of serotype-specific genes, the hemolysin gene sly, and the virulence-associated genes mrp and epf. The prevalence of the cps2 + genotype among strains from wild boars was comparable to that of control strains from domestic pig carriers. Ninety-five percent of the cps2 + wild boar strains were positive for mrp, sly, and epf*, the large variant of epf. Interestingly, epf* was significantly more frequently detected in cps2 + strains from wild boars than in those from domestic pigs; epf* is also typically found in European S. suis isolates from humans, including a meningitis isolate from a German hunter. These results suggest that at least 10% of wild boars in Northwestern Germany carry S. suis strains that are potentially virulent in humans. Additional amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis supported this hypothesis, since homogeneous clustering of the epf* mrp + sly + cps2 + strains from wild boars with invasive human and porcine strains was observed.

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Kontsiotis, Vasileios J., Georgios Vadikolios, and Vasilios Liordos. "Acceptability and consensus for the management of game and non-game crop raiders." Wildlife Research 47, no. 4 (2020): 296. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr19083.

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Abstract ContextWild boars (Sus scrofa) and European badgers (Meles meles) have been increasingly implicated in crop damage in Greece. The species’ increasing presence on agricultural land has also raised concern about disease transmission to livestock and humans. Greece does not have any plans for the management of these situations, because they have only recently emerged. Understanding public preferences for management strategies is necessary for the successful implementation of management plans. AimsTo survey residents of Eastern Macedonia and Thrace, north-eastern Greece, to understand variation between stakeholder groups in preferences for the management of wild boars and European badgers in different scenarios. MethodsData were collected from on-site face-to-face surveys (n=585), between September and November 2017. Respondents, assigned to one of general public, farmers, hunters and farmer-hunter groups, were asked to rate their acceptability of wild boar and European badger management strategies under four conflict scenarios: wild boars and European badgers raid crops and transfer disease. Key resultsStakeholders preferred less invasive strategies for the management of crop raiders, although they accepted lethal control in the more severe disease-transmission scenarios. Potential for conflict was higher for non-lethal control in the crop-raiding scenarios and for lethal control in the disease-transmission scenarios. Farmers and farmer-hunters were the groups more strongly supporting management strategies in all scenarios. Hunters were more reluctant to accept the reduction in numbers of a game species (i.e. the wild boar) than of a non-game species (i.e. the European badger). ConclusionsVariation in the acceptability of and consensus for wild boar and European badger management strategies was considerable, both among and within groups. ImplicationsFindings are a critical guide for the design of a conflict-management process aimed at reaching consensus for proper management strategies. This would allow for the successful management of human conflicts over wildlife.

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Mori, Emiliano, Francesco Ferretti, Alessandro Lagrotteria, Leonardo La Greca, Emanuela Solano, and Niccolò Fattorini. "Impact of wild boar rooting on small forest‐dwelling rodents." Ecological Research 35, no. 4 (April 4, 2020): 675–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1440-1703.12113.

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Salerni, Elena, Lorenzo Gardin, Francesca Baglioni, and Claudia Perini. "Effects of wild boar grazing on the yield of summer truffle (Tuscany, Italy)." Acta Mycologica 48, no. 1 (December 23, 2013): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/am.2013.009.

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The research presented here seeks to describe the impact of wild boar to a natural truffle ground of <em>Tuber aestivum </em>Vittad. on Monte Amiata (Tuscany – Italy). Pedoclimatic analyses indicated that the selected area could be considered suitable for the truffle production. Then classification of the vegetation of a <em>Quercus cerris </em>forest was carried out exploring the possibility of the BACI (Before-After-Control-Impact) sampling design. Finally 10 plots were selected, half of which have been fenced. For the first time the impact of wild boar was evaluated by estimating the surface area turned over by its activity. Moreover in each plot the number and weight of summer truffles was performed every 10 days during the fruiting period (June-November 2006-2008). The hypothesis that the presence of <em>Sus scrofa </em>has a strong negative influence on truffle harvesting has been amply confirmed by the data presented here, given the large increase of fruiting bodies of the summer truffle collected in the fenced plots. Consequently the destructive behaviour of the wild boar imply not only an ecological but also an economic damage in areas in which non-wood forest products are an important source of income.

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Genov, P., H. Nikolovg, G. Massei, and S. Gerasimov. "Craniometrical analysis of Bulgarian wild boar (Sus scrofa) populations." Journal of Zoology 225, no. 2 (October 1991): 309–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1991.tb03819.x.

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Ahmad, Ejaz, Joe E. Brooks, Iftikhar Hussain, and M. Hafiz Khan. "Reproduction in Eurasian wild boar in central Punjab, Pakistan." Acta Theriologica 40 (March 10, 1995): 163–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4098/at.arch.95-17.

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Burrascano, S., R. Copiz, E. Del Vico, S. Fagiani, E. Giarrizzo, M. Mei, A. Mortelliti, F. M. Sabatini, and C. Blasi. "Wild boar rooting intensity determines shifts in understorey composition and functional traits." Community Ecology 16, no. 2 (December 2015): 244–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/168.2015.16.2.12.

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