Journal articles on the topic 'Wife's employment'
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1
FOSTER, ANN C. "Wife's employment and family expenditures." Journal of Consumer Studies and Home Economics 12, no. 1 (March 1988): 15–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1470-6431.1988.tb00463.x.
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SPITZE, GLENNA, and SCOTT J. SOUTH. "Women's Employment, Time Expenditure, and Divorce." Journal of Family Issues 6, no. 3 (September 1985): 307–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019251385006003004.
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Past research on the relationship between wives' employment and divorce has focused on two types of explanations: those positing changed motives regarding divorce and those suggesting changed opportunities. Without discounting totally the path from income to opportunity, we focus here on a somewhat neglected alternative, that leading from time constraints to changed motives toward maintaining a marriage. We argue that time spent by the wife working outside the home impedes the completion of tasks necessary to the maintenance of the household and hence increases the probability of divorce. Using data from the Young and Mature Women samples of the National Longitudinal Survey, we find that among employed women, hours worked has a greater impact on marital dissolution than do various measures of wife's earnings. In partial support of our hypotheses, the relationship between wife's hours worked and the probability of divorce is strongest for middle income families and families in which the husband disapproves of his wife's employment.
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Vannoy, Dana, and William W. Philliber. "Wife's Employment and Quality of Marriage." Journal of Marriage and the Family 54, no. 2 (May 1992): 387. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/353070.
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Rives, Janet M., and Janet M. West. "Wife's employment and worker relocation behavior." Journal of Socio-Economics 22, no. 1 (March 1993): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1053-5357(93)90003-4.
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FOSTER, ANN C., and SHEILA MAMMEN. "Impact of wife's employment on service expenditures." Journal of Consumer Studies and Home Economics 16, no. 1 (March 1992): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1470-6431.1992.tb00495.x.
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Yang, Se-Jeong, and Frances M. Magrabi. "Expenditures for Services, Wife's Employment, and Other Household Characteristics." Home Economics Research Journal 18, no. 2 (December 1989): 133–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077727x8901800203.
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Horton, Susan, and Cathy Campbell. "Wife's Employment, Food Expenditures, and Apparent Nutrient Intake: Evidence from Canada." American Journal of Agricultural Economics 73, no. 3 (August 1991): 784–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1242831.
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Perlmutter, Jane Clarkson, and Karen Smith Wampler. "Sex Role Orientation, Wife's Employment, and the Division of Household Labor." Home Economics Research Journal 13, no. 3 (March 1985): 237–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077727x8501300303.
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LESLIE, LEIGH A., ELAINE A. ANDERSON, and MEREDITH P. BRANSON. "Responsibility for Children." Journal of Family Issues 12, no. 2 (June 1991): 197–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019251391012002004.
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Using a sample of 60 two-income couples, this study examines the role of gender in taking responsibility for children, testing the effect of spouses' employment hours, wife's relative income, and couple's employment profile. Results indicate that women carry a larger share of the responsibility for children than do men. Only one characteristic of women's employment, the number of hours they are engaged in paid work, affected their level of responsibility, with no couple characteristics contributing to this pattern. Implications of these findings for the strain experienced in the parental role are discussed.
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Zuo, Jiping, and Shengming Tang. "Breadwinner Status and Gender Ideologies of Men and Women regarding Family Roles." Sociological Perspectives 43, no. 1 (March 2000): 29–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1389781.
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Using a longitudinal national sample of married individuals, we examine changes in gender ideologies of married men and women regarding family roles, defined as wife's economic role, husband's and wife's provider role, and wife's maternal role. We also test two competing hypotheses: the threat hypothesis and the benefit hypothesis, which view the impact of women's employment on men's gender beliefs from different perspectives. Whereas the threat hypothesis asserts that women's sharing of the provider role with men may cause men to be resistant to the gender equality ideal for fear of losing their masculine identities and their wives' domestic services, the benefit hypothesis anticipates an ideological shift of men toward egalitarianism because men benefit materially from their wives' financial contributions to the family. The empirical results suggest that both genders are moving in the direction of egalitarianism. Men of lower breadwinner status and women of higher status are less likely to hold conventional gender ideologies. Because the decline in men's breadwinner status tends to promote egalitarian ideology among men, the benefit hypothesis is supported.
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Morris, Lydia. "Constraints on Gender: The Family Wage, Social Security and the Labour Market; Reflections on Research in Hartlepool." Work, Employment and Society 1, no. 1 (March 1987): 85–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0950017087001001006.
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In this paper, using data gathered from 40 married or cohabiting couples in Hartlepool, I argue that despite challenges to the `family wage' through long-term male unemployment, growing job insecurity, increased economic activity of married women, and the demonstrable importance of their earnings for the household, a wife's role as earner or potential earner continues to be viewed as peripheral. This is largely to be explained by an interaction between Supplementary Benefit rulings and the part-time nature of much of the demand for women's labour, such that a wife is most likely to take on, or continue in, employment where her husband is himself in work or perceived to be only temporarily unemployed. The operation of the informal sector of the economy is examined in this context, and the possible effects of proposed changes in Supplementary Benefit rulings discussed.
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LAVEE, YOAV, SHLOMO SHARLIN, and RUTH KATZ. "The Effect of Parenting Stress on Marital Quality." Journal of Family Issues 17, no. 1 (January 1996): 114–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019251396017001007.
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This study examines the hypothesis that the effect children have on their parents' marriages is due to stress in the parental role. A multivariate model was specified to assess the relationship between fathers' and mothers' parenting stress and their psychological well-being and perception of marital quality. In addition, the effects of 6 other variables were assessed: 2 competing roles (mother's employment and household division of labor), 2 children-related variables (number and age composition), marital duration, and economic distress. Data were collected from both the husband and the wife in 287 intact couples who had children living at home. Using structural equation modeling, data from both parents were analyzed jointly to assess the mutual effect of the spouses on one another. The findings indicated that, for both fathers and mothers, parenting stress was affected by the number of children and economic distress, but not by other roles (wife's employment and household division of labor). For both spouses, psychological well-being and perceived marital quality were affected negatively by parenting stress. Significant association was found between husbands' and wives' parenting stress, as well as a mutual effect of their perceived marital quality on each other. Some theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
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Murphy, M. J. "Differential family formation in Great Britain." Journal of Biosocial Science 19, no. 4 (October 1987): 463–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932000017107.
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SummaryDifferentials in variables concerned with the timing, number, and distribution of fertility by a wide range of socioeconomic, attitudinal, inherited and housing characteristics from the British Family Formation Survey are reported. Variables associated with the couple's housing history and the wife's employment career are becoming more strongly associated with demographic differentials among younger cohorts than traditionally-based ones such as religion or region of residence. Cluster analysis techniques show which groups of family formation variables are strongly associated with particular types of non-demographic ones, and a natural grouping of explanatory variables is derived. The implications of these conclusions for data collection in demographic surveys are discussed.
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MALTBY, JOSEPHINE. "‘The wife's administration of the earnings’? Working-class women and savings in the mid-nineteenth century." Continuity and Change 26, no. 2 (August 2011): 187–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0268416011000130.
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ABSTRACTA survey of working-class women's activity as savers offers a new insight into their economic activity, opening questions about the sources inside and outside the family of the money saved by single and married women. It is relevant to a number of issues: the economic activity of married women and its relationship to the legal context in which they were operating – in particular before the Married Women's Property Acts of 1870 and 1882; the extent to which women's employment in the nineteenth century may have been mis-stated and/or under-reported; and the distribution of income within the working-class family. A study of investment patterns within two savings banks, one in Huddersfield and one in Sheffield in the mid-nineteenth century, suggests that working-class women may have been more active as savers than has been reported by earlier studies.
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Shahraki, Gholamhosein, Zahra Sedaghat, Mohammad Fararouei, and Zibaneh Tabeshfar. "Is Divorce Predictable among Iranian Couples?" Canadian Journal of Family and Youth / Le Journal Canadien de Famille et de la Jeunesse 12, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 243–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/cjfy29500.
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Divorce is considered as an important social and public health concern worldwide. The aim of this study was to identify divorce’s social and economic contributors among Iranian couples. This case-control study was conducted on 60 divorced and their neighboring 64 still-married couples with approximately the same date of marriage. The required information was obtained from consultant administrated forms which are used routinely by Iranian family consulting centers. An interview-administered questionnaire with almost the same structure and questions was used to obtain information from still-married couples. Based on the results of multivariable analysis and (stepwise) selection of the study variables, significant associations between divorce and employment of both husbands and wives, education of husband, and the couple’s accommodation statuses were found. Accordingly, wife's (OR unemployed/self-employed=4.97, 95%CI: 1.38-21.61, P=0.001) and husband's (OR unemployed/self-employed =17.45, 95%CI: 3.56-123.98, P=0.001) unemployment, less educated husband's (OR primary or secondary/higher education =23.98, 95%CI=4.04-237.05, p=0.001) and couples with shared accommodation (OR dependent/independent= 5.99, 95%CI=2.54-17.72, P<0.001) were at higher risk of divorce. ROC analysis suggested that divorce can be confidently predicted by the above factors (AUC=0.882 95%CI: 0.816-0.948) with 66.7% sensitivity and 92.6% specificity. This study introduced several predictors, which can be used by family consultants and psychologists to recognize high risk marrying or married couples to prevent divorce and to help couples to obtain and sustain healthier marriages and stronger family relationships.
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Ryu, Soomin, and Jinhee Kim. "Gender Differences in Contribution to Domestic Work and Childcare Associated with Outsourcing in Korea." Family and Environment Research 58, no. 3 (August 20, 2020): 343–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.6115/fer.2020.025.
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This paper examines the associations of having a helper for domestic work or childcare and time spent on it by couples in South Korea. We use five waves of panel survey data from the Korean Longitudinal Survey of Women and Families (KLoWF), which allows longitudinal changes within couples over time that account for potential selection effects and unobserved heterogeneity among individuals. With fixed effects, we find outsourcing is associated with a decrease in wife’s time spent on domestic work or childcare by 1 hour per week. However, the decrease is concentrated on the unemployed wife’s time, but not employed wife’s time. In addition, outsourcing is not a significant factor for husband’s time and the husband’s share of total contribution. This may be because wives are the main provider of domestic work and childcare in Korea regardless of employment status or having any helper. Due to unequal contributions between husband and wife, using outsourcing also neither alleviates the employed wife’s contribution nor changes the husband’s contribution. However, the results may be underestimated because there are more common and diverse types of outsourcing in a broad sense, such as going out for dinner, buying prepared food, and using dry cleaning services. We expect future studies to consider more broad types of outsourcing and examine how relations with the couple’s time use at home are different by type.
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Luo, Meng Sha, and Ernest Wing Tak Chui. "The changing picture of the housework gender gap in contemporary Chinese adults." Chinese Journal of Sociology 5, no. 3 (May 29, 2019): 312–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2057150x19848147.
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Prior research has shown that time availability, relative resources, and gender perspective have great effects on couples’ division of housework, yet less attention has been paid to how the magnitude of these influences varies by cohort. By embedding the three dominant micro-level perspectives on housework in a macro-level context (i.e. cohort-level), this study examines each of the three perspectives’ explanatory powers for explaining the housework behaviors of two post-1976 cohorts: the early- and late-reform marriage cohorts. Regression results and Relative Importance analyses examining the three perspectives on housework show dissimilar effects for the two cohorts: the relative resources and gender perspectives better predict the housework gender gap in early-reform couples, while the time availability perspective better predicts the housework gender gap in late-reform couples. Specifically, the three most important predictors of the housework gender gap for the early-reform cohort are wife’s weekly paid work hours, wife’s proportion of couple’s income, and wife or her parents owning the house, while for the younger, late-reform cohort, the three most important predictors are wife’s employment, wife’s weekly paid work hours, and number of co-living children, suggesting that the relative resources perspective is weakened for the late-reform cohort. In addition, both the Relative Importance analyses and the Seemingly Unrelated Regression estimations reveal that although early-reform couples are likely to ‘do gender’ as a performance, this diminishes for late-reform Chinese couples. These changes indicate an uneven process regarding gender equality and the need to take cohort into account when testing the micro-level theoretical perspectives on the housework gap.
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Feinauer, Leslie L., and Linda Williams-evans. "Effects of wife employment preference on marital adjustment." American Journal of Family Therapy 17, no. 3 (September 1989): 208–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01926188908250768.
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Jain, Bandana Kumari. "Employment Empowering Women: An Experience of Nepal." Tribhuvan University Journal 35, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 116–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/tuj.v35i2.36196.
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The study aims to examine the association between employment and the empowerment of Nepali currently married women. It harnesses women’s employment status and their empowerment; in terms of ‘household decision making’, ‘attitudes towards wife-beating’, and ownership of the house/land’ with the help of the Nepal Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) 2016 data set. Married women’s employment exhibits a significant association (0.05) with their socio-demographic characteristics, and empowerment variables as well. The employment status of married women influences their household decision-making, and attitudes towards wife-beating. The study adheres to the belief that employment accelerates women’s empowerment, still, it is complex to determine the strength of the relationship in between. Thus, based on the findings of the study, other variables and empowerment indicators are to be considered and analyzed further for concrete insights. So, employment cannot be assumed as a mere engine and an only instrument for empowering women.
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KILLIEN, MARCIA G. "Women and Employment: A Decade Review." Annual Review of Nursing Research 19, no. 1 (January 2001): 87–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0739-6686.19.1.87.
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Contemporary women fulfill multiple social roles: wife or partner, parent and caregiver to elders, worker in the labor force. This chapter focuses on women and employment. Nursing research from the past decade on women and their role in the work force, with emphasis on the relationships between paid work and women’s other social roles and their health is reviewed. Major categories of nursing research contributions are summarized, including populations studied, methodological approaches, and major findings. Suggestions for emphases in future research are included.
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Smith, Drake S. "Wife Employment and Marital Adjustment a Cumulation of Results." Family Relations 34, no. 4 (October 1985): 483. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/584008.
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Williams-Evans, Linda, Leslie L. Feinauel, Leland J. Hendrix, and Robert F. Stahmann. "Marital Satisfaction and Congruency of Couple Preference Regarding Wife Employment." Australian Journal of Sex, Marriage and Family 10, no. 2 (May 1989): 74–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01591487.1989.11005991.
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Laksono, Agung Dwi, and Ratna Dwi Wulandari. "Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Ukuran Keluarga di Indonesia." Aspirasi: Jurnal Masalah-masalah Sosial 12, no. 1 (June 26, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.46807/aspirasi.v12i1.2066.
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Some tribes in Indonesia have a big family culture. The study aimed to analyze factors that correlate to family size in Indonesia. The study employed secondary data from the 2017 Indonesia’s Demographic and Health Survey. The samples used were 34,353 childbearing age couples. The variables analyzed included type of residence, wealth, marital, cohabitation duration, complete child gender, contraceptive, age of husband-wife, education of husband-wife, and occupation of husband-wife. Final test by binary logistic regression. The results show that couples in urban areas are less likely to have a family size ≤ 4 than couples who live in rural areas. The better the wealth status, the higher the possibility to have a family size ≤ 4. The longer the cohabitation period, the lower the possibility of having a family size ≤ 4. Couples who already have complete child gender were 0.148 times more likely to have a family size < 4 than couples with incomplete child gender. The contraceptives use has a probability of 0.727 times more than those not using it to have a family size ≤ 4. The husband with primary education was 1.242 times more likely than the husband with no education to have a family size ≤ 4. The study found that a wife’s age correlated to family size. Couples with employed wives were 1.273 times more likely than those not employed to have a family size ≤ 4. The study concluded that eight variables correlated to family size among childbearing age couples in Indonesia: residence, wealth, cohabitation duration, complete child gender, contraceptive use, husband’s education, wife’s age, and wife’s employment. AbstrakBeberapa suku di Indonesia memiliki budaya keluarga besar yang sangat kuat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang berkorelasi dengan ukuran keluarga di Indonesia. Studi memanfaatkan data sekunder dari Survei Demografi dan Kesehatan Indonesia tahun 2017. Sampel yang digunakan adalah 34.353 pasangan usia subur. Variabel yang dianalisis meliputi jenis tempat tinggal, kekayaan, perkawinan, lama kohabitasi, kelengkapan jenis kelamin anak, kontrasepsi, umur suami-istri, pendidikan suami-istri, dan pekerjaan suami-istri. Pengujian akhir dengan regresi logistik biner. Hasilnya menunjukkan pasangan di daerah perkotaan lebih kecil kemungkinannya untuk memiliki ukuran keluarga ≤ 4 dibandingkan pasangan yang tinggal di daerah pedesaan. Semakin baik status kekayaannya maka semakin tinggi kemungkinan memiliki ukuran keluarga ≤ 4. Semakin lama kohabitasi maka semakin kecil kemungkinan memiliki ukuran keluarga ≤ 4. Pasangan yang sudah memiliki jenis kelamin anak lengkap kemungkinannya 0,148 kali dibandingkan dengan yang tidak lengkap untuk memiliki ukuran keluarga ≤ 4. Pemakaian alat kontrasepsi memiliki probabilitas 0,727 kali lipat dibandingkan dengan yang tidak menggunakannya untuk memiliki ukuran keluarga ≤ 4. Suami yang berpendidikan dasar 1,242 kali lebih mungkin untuk memiliki ukuran keluarga ≤ 4 dibanding keluarga dengan suami tidak berpendidikan. Usia istri menjadi faktor penentu ukuran keluarga. Pasangan dengan istri yang bekerja 1,273 kali lebih mungkin dibandingkan mereka yang tidak bekerja untuk memiliki ukuran keluarga ≤ 4. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa delapan variabel merupakan faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi ukuran keluarga pada pasangan usia subur di Indonesia. Delapan faktor tersebut adalah jenis tempat tinggal, status kekayaan, lama kohabitasi, jenis kelamin anak lengkap, penggunaan kontrasepsi, pendidikan suami, usia istri, dan status pekerjaan istri.
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Hobbs, Valerie. "Disability, the ‘good family’ and discrimination in the dismissal of a Presbyterian seminary professor." Journal of Language and Discrimination 2, no. 2 (December 4, 2018): 133–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/jld.35571.
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Religious institutions in the USA, under the First Amendment, exhibit great strength in employment termination, given freedom by the Supreme Court to conduct their labour and employment practices with limited scrutiny. This article examines ways in which a Presbyterian seminary board report, justifying its decision not to renew a professor's contract, demonstrates discrimination in its use of the 'good family' ideal prominent within conservative Christianity. Focusing on intertextuality and representation of the professor's wife, a disabled woman, analysis presents evidence of an overall strategy of exclusion. The report consistently demonstrates support for negative witness statements about the professor and his wife while undermining the professor's accounts. The report's characterization of the professor's wife subsumes her identity under her husband's and assumes moral reasons for her disability and chronic illness, consistent with a nouthetic counselling ethos. Findings support the discriminatory potential of the 'good family' ideal, underscoring employees' unique vulnerability within religious higher education institutions.
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Chowdhury, TT, MS Kowsari, JA Begum, MS Khan, S. Haque, and T. Wahid. "Employment and empowerment of rural poor women in Mymensingh District of Bangladesh." Progressive Agriculture 27, no. 3 (December 28, 2016): 301–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v27i3.30811.
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The study was undertaken to identify the factors influencing women empowerment, calculate empowerment index considering the trend of employment. In doing so, the study utilized the data collected by the field survey from Mymensingh districts of Bangladesh. A total number of 60 women respondents were selected using random sampling technique and were categorized into two groups, employed and non-employed, each group comprised equal number of respondents, i.e., 30 women. Data were analyzed using simple statistical techniques as well as OLS regression analysis. An analysis of the socioeconomic status of the women showed that average monthly income difference between employed and non-employed women was BDT 3916 such high difference in average monthly income enabled 70% of the employed women to be empowered whereas with negligible earnings, only 33% of the non-employed women were empowered. The result of the OLS method suggests that the number of children, age gap between husband and wife and income gap between husband and wife significantly affect women empowerment. The five domains of empowerment index indicated that in case of employed group the highest disempowered women (69.44%) in case of leadership domain followed by Production (35.56%), resource (32.41%), income (32.41%) and time domain (23.15%) and in case of non-employed group the highest disempowered women (35.19%) in case of resource domain followed by production (34.57%), leadership (32.10%), income (30.86%) and time domain (4.94%). Results showed that the employed women are more empowered than non-employed women. Therefore, this study strongly suggests that women should be given all the facilities to get involved with income generating activities.Progressive Agriculture 27 (3): 301-310, 2016
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DANES, SHARON M., and MARY WINTER. "The Impact of the Employment of the Wife on the Achievement of Home Ownership." Journal of Consumer Affairs 24, no. 1 (June 1990): 148–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6606.1990.tb00263.x.
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You, Xuesheng. "Working with Husband? “Occupation’s Wife” and Married Women’s Employment in the Censuses in England and Wales between 1851 and 1911." Social Science History 44, no. 4 (2020): 585–613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ssh.2020.32.
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AbstractWomen played a vital role in British industrialization. However, studies of women’s work are often hindered by data limitation. The British censuses provide an unparalleled opportunity to study women’s work and its impact systematically. However, the reliability of the census recording of female employment is still under debate. This articles aims to contribute to this ongoing debate by examining a particular census recording concerning married women who were supposedly working with their husbands, that is “occupation’s wife.” By analyzing a new source of big data, namely 100 percent sample of Census Enumerators’ Books and published census reports, this article shows that the recording of “occupation’s wife” was not informative about the level of married women’s labor in the form of working together with their husbands in the same trade. Given the important fact that married women recorded as “occupation’s wife” constituted the largest group of married women with any occupational titles in the censuses, the results presented in this article suggest a reassessment of some of the empirical foundations in the studies of married women’s work.
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BRYANT, ELLEN S., BRENDA J. VANDER MEY, and NORMA J. BURGESS. "Coemployed Spouses." Journal of Family Issues 9, no. 4 (December 1988): 496–517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019251388009004005.
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The authors use assumptions from theories of gender and economic stratification to examine the linkage between patriarchal family structures and the employment experience of women and men by comparing job-related characteristics of spouses working for the same employer. Personnel data were used to develop a wife-husband occupational typology that became the basis for several middle range theoretical questions probing for evidence of (1) marital status differences in employment, (2) husband dominance in educational achievement and job selection, (3) family status consistency, and (4) gender discrimination. Findings suggest that all four phenomena are present, but variations in couple patterns show that economic factors take precedence over stereotyped gender roles in the family. Thus occupational differentiation between spouses appears to be decreasing.
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Kim, Geumwoon, and Gahyun Youn. "Role of Education in Generativity Differences of Employed and Unemployed Women in Korea." Psychological Reports 91, no. 3_suppl (December 2002): 1205–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2002.91.3f.1205.
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This study investigated generativity differences between employed and unemployed women in Korea and examined the effect of education on generativity. There were 472 participants in this study, 252 employed married women and 220 unemployed married women living in the Kwangju metropolitan area. A questionnaire requesting demographic information and responses to the translated Loyola Generativity Scale was administered individually. Analysis showed significant generativity differences between the two groups, who also differed in education and mother and spouse roles. However, employment status was not a significant predictor for generativity when a stepwise regression analysis was applied. The analysis showed that education was the strongest predictor for generativity, while mother/wife roles, socioeconomic status, health, and childcare stress were also significant predictors. It was concluded that for Korean married women, generativity is more strongly related to education than employment status.
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Dene, Elizabeth. "A Comparison of the History of the Entry of Women into Policing in France and England and Wales." Police Journal: Theory, Practice and Principles 65, no. 3 (July 1992): 236–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0032258x9206500307.
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France and England have, through the course of history, shared in many historical events, sometimes as the opposing countries on the battlefield and at other times united through conflict, research and discovery. The two countries have, since the late 19th and early 20th century, seen dramatic changes in the role and status of women within their societies, this being especially so with regard to the employment of women. No longer content with their dual roles as wife and mother, they have increasingly looked outside the home and family for a new challenge, and have increasingly turned to those areas of employment which have been seen as male preserves, including the armed forces, medicine and the police service. This paper seeks to trace the record of women's fight to enter the police forces of England and Wales and the non-military police forces of France.
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Massengill, Douglas. "Not with Your Husband (or Wife) You Don't! the Legality of No Spouse Rules in the Workplace." Public Personnel Management 26, no. 1 (March 1997): 61–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009102609702600106.
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Many employers have rules against the joint employment of spouses. These rules have been challenged on the basis that they constitute marital status discrimination. The basis of these challenges has usually been one of three types: a) an unconstitutional infringement on the right to marry, b) a violation of state prohibitions against marital status discrimination, or c) the rule creates unlawful disparate impact. While these challenges have met with mixed success, the greatest number of favorable rulings have occurred based on b) above.
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Wencheko, Eshetu, and Mekonnen Tadesse. "Determinants of Ethiopian Women’s Attitudes Toward Wife Beating." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 35, no. 1-2 (February 7, 2017): 510–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260517691524.
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The World Health Organization stipulated that intimate partner violence is one of the most common forms of violence against women and includes physical, sexual, and emotional abuse and controlling behaviors by an intimate partner. Opposition of women against any form of violence at home, beating by their husbands in particular, is a manifestation of readiness to assert their personal rights. This study used data from the 2011 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey to identify some predictors to determine attitudes of married Ethiopian women toward wife beating. The dataset used consisted of 5,818 married women of the reproductive age group 15 to 49 years. While 1,393 (24%) married women did not oppose wife beating, a total of 4,425 (76%) opposed the practice. In the binary multiple logistic regression analysis, age, economic status, level of education, employment status of a woman, number of children living in the household, region (federal administrative regions delineated on the basis of ethnicity), place of residence (urban vs. rural), religion, and husband’s level of education have been included as possible socioeconomic and demographic determinants of women’s attitudes toward wife beating. The findings showed that the predictors region, place of residence, number of living children in a household, and religion were significantly associated with women attitudes toward wife beating.
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Francis, Richard, Hui Ching, Himanshu Tyagi, Orlando Swayne, Sara Ajina, and Bernadette Monaghan. "17 Presentation of Capras syndrome in anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis: a neuro-rehabilitation approach." Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 91, no. 8 (July 20, 2020): e14.2-e15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2020-bnpa.34.
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Objectives/AimsCapgras syndrome is not often seen in neuro-rehabilitation and few case-reports of Capgras syndrome after anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis exist in literature. This case is relevant in light of how the Capgras sydrome and delusional beliefs affected this patient’s discharge planning, engagement with the multi- disciplinary team during rehabilitation and side-effects of pharmacological management. The challenging aspects of the case revolve around the patient’s persecutory beliefs, his delusional misidentifation disorder and its subsequent management.MethodsThe patient is a middle-aged gentleman with a background of relapsing- remitting multiple sclerosis who presented with seizures, headache, rash and intermittent fevers. He was initially treated as infectious meningoencephalitis and his condition deteriorated due to combination of behavioural change and seizures. A MRI-head suggested viral encephalitis but lumbar puncture and serum showed strongly positive for anti-NMDA receptor antibodies, thought potentially secondary to the patient’s disease-modifying drugs for his multiple sclerosis. After step-down from Intensive Care, the patient was noted to have fixed persecutory delusions regarding his wife and children. He believed that his wife and children were imposters and that the hospital and doctors within it were conspiring against him. He was managed initially with risperidone however the dose could not be increased due to the sedating side-effects resulting in an inability to engage with rehabilitation. He was subsequently changed to aripiprazole and escitalopram with the intention to decrease his delusional misidentification disorder. His delusions partially resolved with the patient accepting his children as his own, but not accepting his wife as truly ‘his wife’. The discharge destination represented a difficulty due to concerns that he may become aggressive (physically/verbally) to his wife if he continued to deem her an ‘imposter’. The patient was managed by sidestepping the conflict; he was more accepting of his wife if introduced as a ‘friend who loves him’. The patient was also allowed to drive the narrative rather than forced to deal with his Capgras syndrome. Results: A discharge home with support (including his wife) became feasible as his delusion thawed.ConclusionsManaging complicated patients like this involves not only pharmacological options but also psychological/psychiatric intervention and employment of non-confrontational techniques to help better engagement with rehabilitation.
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Baines, Donna, Paul Kent, and Sally Kent. "‘Off My Own Back’: Precarity on the Frontlines of Care Work." Work, Employment and Society 33, no. 5 (January 4, 2019): 877–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0950017018817488.
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Hailed by some as representing the ‘most profound change in Australian disability history’, care work in the disability sector under the new National Disability Insurance Scheme is described by one frontline worker as ‘a massive swing towards a casual workforce and a massive cultural shock’. This firsthand account draws on 13 pages of unsolicited hand-written notes from a long-time, frontline care worker and his wife, as well as an in-depth interview and subsequent telephone and email conversations. The article gives voice to the experience of the frontline as disability workers grapple with almost complete casualization of their work, as the state retreats from its role in regulating employment and protecting workers in favour of the marketization of services and the advancing of the human rights of people with disabilities.
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Llewelyn, Stephen, Istvan Haag, and Jack Tsonis. "Ezekiel 16 and its use of Allegory and the Disclosure-of-Abomination Formula." Vetus Testamentum 62, no. 2 (2012): 198–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853312x632375.
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Abstract Ezek 16 and 23 have been subjected recently to much critical review, especially from feminist scholars. The present article acknowledges their work but seeks to take the discussion back to a formal analysis of the image of the adulterous wife, with a special focus on Ezek 16 and its use of the ‘disclosure of abomination’ formula. The use of this formula locates the oracle within the legal register but framed in terms of a unilateral covenant. The effect of such a formula and its employment is to silence the woman and give only the accuser/judge a voice. But the use of the formula is figurative and plays to the larger allegorical function of the oracle which, it is argued, places the prophet towards the literate end of the oracy/literacy continuum.
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Biswas, Bijit, Abhishek Kumar, and Neeraj Agarwal. "Predictors of Male Sterilization among Eligible, Modern Method of Family Planning Users in India: Evidence from a Nationwide Survey." Indian Journal of Community Health 32, no. 2 (June 30, 2020): 378–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.47203/ijch.2020.v32i02.014.
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Background: Male sterilization despite being more cost-effective compared to female sterilization is opted by very few Indian eligible couple as family planning (FP) method. Aims & Objectives: To find out attributes of male sterilization among current eligible modern family planning methods users in India. Material & Methods: It was an observational study, cross-sectional in design based on fourth round of national family health survey (NFHS-4) 2015-16 men’s datasheet. There were in total 112122 data, of which 11772 sample population who had completed their family, been using modern methods of family planning and wife in reproductive age (15-49) were selected for analysis. Results: Among the study subjects, 377(3.2%) underwent male sterilization. In multivariable model those who were residing in southern India; Hindu by religion; scheduled caste (SC)/scheduled tribe (ST) by caste; belonged to lower quintile of wealth index; covered by a health insurance scheme; perceived ≤2 children as ideal number of children; husbands not working and employed seasonally/occasionally were more likely to undergo male sterilization adjusted with the age of husband, wife, their place of residence and property ownership status. Conclusion: Male sterilization in the sample population was significantly predicted by the region, religion, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, husbands employment status etc.
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Mandal, Umesh K. "Logit Analysis of Violence Against Women in Marginalized Communities, Eastern Tarai Region of Nepal." Tribhuvan University Journal 27, no. 1-2 (December 30, 2010): 177–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/tuj.v27i1-2.26401.
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Violence against women is the foremost concern of local- international communities at present. Despite formulating several legal provisions, laws, acts and rules, various forms of violence as physical, sexual and psychological were yet not reduced substantially from parochial value based society. Such violence reduction strategy must be based on proper understanding about responsible factors and their nature, intensity and strength. Thus, it is desirable to identify each individual factor/cause and measure their strengths and make prediction so that they would signify some guidelines for formulation of eradication strategy and welfare development program. With this in mind, present paper examines nineteen individual variables associated with demographic, economic and socio cultural, based on hundred households sampled from study area. Maximum likelihood log it analysis tool was used. Difference at age of marriage, size of cultivated land, occupation of husband and wife, food sufficiency, economic dependency of female, educational status of woman, and marriage frequency of a husband were identified as determining factors contributing to the incidence of violence. Amongst, illiteracy, economic dependency, food deficiency and primary occupation of husband are identified as prime determinants based on measured strength in descending order respectively. The study shows the husbands of illiterate women involve in remarriage and such illiterate women suffer the incidence of violence. The following are ensuring education, providing income-generative employment, making food sufficiency, re-orientation of husband for women’s right, main streaming of single woman, awareness of employment providers, strengthening foreign migration policy recommendations for eliminating the violence against women.
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Iskandar, Slamet. "Faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap kecukupan energi rumah tangga di perdesaan." Health Sciences and Pharmacy Journal 3, no. 3 (December 31, 2019): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.32504/hspj.v3i3.207.
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Based on the Food Balance Sheet for Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (DIY) in the period of 2006-2015, the condition of food availability was sufficient, but there were still some villages that suffered food insecurity and malnutrition. This study aims to determine the factors that influence adequacy the energy of household food consumption in rural DIY. The population of this study was 1,160 households from secondary data from the 2015 Susenas in DIY. The research sample were 571 households, taken by purposive sampling with criteria in one household there was a husband and wife. Data was taken by questionnaire. The design of this study was cross sectional. Data was analyzed by applying Ordinary Least Square (OLS). The average adequacy of household energy attained about 90,85%. There was a significantly positive influence of maternal age, income, raskin recipient households, employment on household energy sufficiency and otherwise the household members and poor category household on household energy sufficiency.
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Grunow, Daniela, Florian Schulz, and Hans-Peter Blossfeld. "What determines change in the division of housework over the course of marriage?" International Sociology 27, no. 3 (February 9, 2012): 289–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0268580911423056.
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This article analyses the changing division of housework between husbands and wives in western Germany. Using representative longitudinal data from the Bamberg Panel Study of Married Couples, the authors analyse how the division of household labour changes over the first 14 years of marriage. In particular, they assess when and under what conditions the husband’s share of traditionally ‘female’ housework increases or decreases. They consider shifts in spouses’ employment hours, relative earnings and family transitions as time-varying predictor variables in event-history models. It is found that almost half of all newlyweds begin by sharing household tasks equally. But over the course of marriage, the husband’s contribution to housework declines significantly, mostly independent of spouses’ income or working hours. The husband increasing his share of housework is uncommon, even when the wife works longer hours or realizes higher earnings. Traditional gender norms seem to trump earnings. This is particularly true when children are born.
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Roche-Jacques, Shelley. "‘Out of the forest I come’: Lyric and dramatic tension in The World’s Wife." Language and Literature: International Journal of Stylistics 25, no. 4 (November 2016): 363–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963947016663585.
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This article looks at lyric and dramatic modes of poetic expression in Carol Ann Duffy’s collection The World’s Wife. The book is of particular interest because it is Duffy’s only volume devoted entirely to the dramatic monologue. In the opening sections of this article, lyric and dramatic modes are defined and discussed, and the work of Keith Green on deixis and the poetic persona is considered in relation to the dramatic monologue. Of particular use is Green’s elaboration on the traditional deictic categories of ‘time’ and ‘place’. Green incorporates the concepts of ‘coding time and place’ and ‘content time and place’ into his analysis of lyric poetry. These concepts are used here as tools to consider and describe the communicative contexts established in lyric and dramatic poetry respectively. Ina Beth Sessions’ early, taxonomic approach to defining the dramatic monologue, in particular her idea of ‘action in the present’, is also found to be useful in the identification of the ‘dramatic’. The next section of the article is a close analysis of two poems from The World’s Wife, ‘Little Red Cap’ and ‘Mrs Sisyphus’. Other poems, and the communicative context evoked by the collection as a whole, are also considered in the light of Green, Sessions and the lyric and dramatic traditions in poetry. The work of Duffy examined here is found to be more clearly rooted in lyrical and narrative than dramatic traditions. It is suggested that the indexicalisation of the symbolic elements of deictic terms is essential to the building of the dramatically realised coding environment necessary for a Browningesque dramatic monologue. A call is made for further work to be carried out in identifying the ‘dramatic’ in poetry, and for a more meaningful employment of the term dramatic monologue.
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Herawati, Tin, and Nafi Yuliana Endah. "The Effect of Family Function and Conflict on Family Subjective Well-being with Migrant Husband." Journal of Family Sciences 1, no. 2 (December 30, 2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jfs.1.2.1-12.
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<p>Poverty, limited employment opportunities, and low rate of labor wage cause couples undergo long distance married because the husband has to work far from the house. This gives impact to family subjective well-being so that the family need to role a family function in order to minimize conflicts. This research aimed to analyze the effect of family function and conflict on family subjective well-being with migrant husband. There were 60 samples in this research which consisted of family with migrant husband teenager children (12-17 years old) in Banyuresmi village, Garut. The wife was the respondent of this research. The sampling technique used here was nonprobability sampling method with form purposive sampling. The data were collected by interviewing the respondents using a questionnaire. The results showed that most of the samples were categorized into families which had good family function, moderate family conflict, and moderate family subjective well-being. Family function affect significantly positive to family subjective well-being. Parental-teenagers conflict affect significantly negative to family subjective well-being.</p>
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Shoviana, Luluk, and Zahrotun Navish Abdillah. "PERAN WANITA SEBAGAI PENCARI NAFKAH KELUARGA DALAM PERSPEKTIF HUKUM ISLAM." Islamic Review : Jurnal Riset dan Kajian Keislaman 8, no. 1 (May 3, 2019): 86–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.35878/islamicreview.v8i1.165.
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This study aims to determine the provisions of the role of women as female workers in the perspective of Islamic law, and the provisions of the role of women as female workers from the perspective of positive Indonesian law. The type of research used is field research using a qualitative approach. The data collection instrument use is the interview and observation studies. This study uses descriptive analytic. The results of this study indicate that The role of women as female workers in the perspective of Islamic law is basically permissible, due to seeking the living to fulfill the means of life is the right and obligation of both men and women as long as a wife does not neglect her obligations to her husband and children. The role of women as female workers in the perspective of positive Indonesian law is also permissible, because a woman is able to carry out activities both inside and outside the employment relationship to produce goods or services to meet their own needs and community needs.
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Miranda, Nadhira, and Zaujatul Amna. "KESEJAHTERAAN SUBJEKTIF PADA INDIVIDU BERCERAI (STUDI KASUS PADA INDIVIDU DENGAN STATUS CERAI MATI DAN CERAI HIDUP)." Psikoislamedia : Jurnal Psikologi 2, no. 1 (September 9, 2017): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/psikoislamedia.v2i1.1820.
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Divorce is the termination of a marriage or marital union, the canceling and/or reorganizing of the legal duties and responsibilities of marriage as husband and wife. Moreover, divorce can also be interpreted as the status of an individual who lives separately with his/her spouse is deceased and not remarried. Individuals who get divorced has a high or low levels on subjective well-being. It is influenced by several factors such as employments and income levels, social support also religiosity. The research aimed to seek the dynamics of subjective well-being on individuals’ divorced. 50 individuals were selected using purposive and quota sampling technique as research participants. Data collected using Satisfaction with life scale (SWLS) and Positive and negative experience Scale (SPANE). Data was analyzed by using Independent sample T-test, which value of significance (p) = 0.669 (p> 0.005), which means that there were no differences in subjective well-being in individual’s divorced with Widowed and Divorced status.
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Rana, Suman. "“Scrutinize her actions, punish her body to saver her soul”: The Figure of the Governess in Jane Eyre." Journal of English Language and Literature 7, no. 3 (June 30, 2017): 543–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.17722/jell.v7i3.316.
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In 1840s the figure of the governess, particularly her sexuality became a subject of much concern to the periodical essayists. The Victorian period, as Foucault argues saw an immense proliferation of discourses about sex. Sexuality thus came into being as the ultimate open secret. This justified the attention devoted to the distressed governess by emphasizing the central role she played in reproducing the domestic ideal- on one hand she, as a teacher was to teach her students ‘accomplishments’ that would attract a good husband and later make them good wives and mothers yet at the same time police the emergence of undue assertiveness or sexuality in her maturing charges.
The employment of women as governess also mobilized and engaged with two of the most important representations of women: the figure who epitomized the domestic ideal-the wife/mother, and the figures who threatened to destroy it-the working-class women/prostitutes.
It is within these contexts that the paper will try and place Jane Eyre by Charlotte Bronte. The paper would also analyse the way this stereotypical representation of women throws light on the condition of women in general and working-class women.
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LINDSAY, LISA A. "‘NO NEED...TO THINK OF HOME’? MASCULINITY AND DOMESTIC LIFE ON THE NIGERIAN RAILWAY, c. 1940–61." Journal of African History 39, no. 3 (November 1998): 439–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853798007312.
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In 1950, a young man named Ayo Salako went to work for the Nigerian railway as a casual laborer. He hoped to be like his father, a locomotive driver who had worked for the railway from 1916 to his death thirty-four years later. Indeed, Ayo Salako became a successful railwayman, climbing the career ladder to locomotive driver, transferring to a number of different stations and retiring with a pension in 1987. Although the two generations of men both made long, continuous careers in railway employment, Ayo Salako was rather different from his father in terms of his domestic life. The elder Salako had parlayed his employment success into a polygamous marriage and the maintenance of a farm and patron–client relations in his hometown of Ogbomosho. His son, in contrast, married his current wife only after the dissolution of a previous marriage, visited Ogbomosho infrequently and retired in Ibadan rather than in his patrilineal hometown. During his career he saw himself as a modernizer, involved with industrial technology, well-traveled within the country, monogamous, and building a life and educating his children in the booming towns of post-war Nigeria.Ayo Salako's young adulthood during the 1940s and 1950s coincided with important economic, social and political transformations in Nigeria and throughout Africa. The Second World War and the end of the depression brought economic expansion and a new wave of government interventionism. Cities were swollen with migrants looking for cash and the independence from elders that came with it. African railways expanded to meet new demands for transport and their work forces were among the largest and most politically active on the continent. Faced with imperial financial pressures and widespread African dissent, officials were turning to new policies for the colonies. Ambitious planners attempted to rationalize peasant agriculture to increase production, stabilize wage labor to improve efficiency, reshape African cities to make them less ‘disorderly’ and mold African family life to conform more closely to a bourgeois European image.
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McRae, Susan. "The Allocation of Money in Cross-Class Families." Sociological Review 35, no. 1 (February 1987): 97–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-954x.1987.tb00005.x.
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This paper examines the patterns of income allocation in cross-class families; that is, in families in which the wife is employed in higher level white-collar or professional employment, and the husband in manual work. Following the work of Jan Pahl (1982 and 1983) families are categorised according to their system of money management. The majority of families here employ either a ‘one purse’ system based upon joint family funds, or an independent system based upon separate bank accounts. In addition, couples who use an ‘allowance’ system, a shared system, or a variant of the independent system with only one-earner are discussed. Whenever possible, qualitative reports from the families interviewed are drawn upon. The paper reveals ways in which gender-specific behaviour may be observed through the study of families' allocative systems. In particular, the wives' propensity to assume responsibility for food shopping, regardless of the couples' sources of income or allocative pattern chosen, is demonstrated. In addition, however, the source of income – specifically cash payments to the husbands – is seen to have an independent effect upon the couples' perceptions of money within the family. The paper concludes with speculation as to why the majority of these affluent families employ a system of joint family funds.
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Otero-González, Uxía. "Gender Labor Policies in the Franco Dictatorship (1939–75): The Discursive Construction of Normative Femininity." Journal of Nationalism, Memory & Language Politics 14, no. 2 (December 1, 2020): 196–225. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jnmlp-2020-0010.
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Abstract This article analyzes the labor gender policies and the strategies of “genderization” put forward by the Franco Dictatorship in Spain. The Franco regime understood that women were the touchstone of society and key in both biological and sociocultural reproduction. Legislative regulations and sanctioned discourses accentuated the division between productive-public and reproductive-domestic spheres, relegating women to the latter. Nevertheless, to what extent did women embrace and challenge the regime's idealistic view of gender? This article contemplates female employment within and beyond official discourse. Oral sources used in this article suggest that socioeconomic reality overflowed the narrow limits of normative femininity. Not all women could enjoy the “honor” of embodying the exalted role of “perfect (house) wife” that the Franco regime had entrusted to them. In addition, this article explores changes in the ideal of femininity throughout the dictatorship. The Franco regime underwent crucial transformations during its almost 40 years of existence. This article argues that its adaptation had repercussions on sociocultural patterns and gender policies. Francoism built its early notion of normative femininity on the ideals of domesticity and Catholic morality, but (re)shaped the meanings of womanhood and (re)adjusted the legal system to fit the new circumstances that arose in the Cold War context.
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Alim, Muhammad Najib. "The Family�s Entity and Challenges Along with Their Solution According to the Prophetic Tradition." DINIKA : Academic Journal of Islamic Studies 1, no. 2 (August 31, 2016): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.22515/dinika.v1i2.10.
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Family is a union resulted from an opened agreement regarding to certain mutual enjoyment, in order that both of husband and wife may comfort each other legally. It comes along with the couples right and responsibilities as well. The Prophet Muhammad, even before his prophecy had taught us that family is the first social institution for any tribes or nations that elevated into this being, besides of deserving to get high position in the society. The term of family life is an ongoing issue based on the running time and place, social distinction, and different values brought such challenges that threatened modern families and hindered the aforementioned purposes. It might happen due to some factors, such as weakened familys role and influenced the ideal form of the family. The family will come into the rapid changes of brainstorming and facing the challenges of how to maintain the good condition, such commonly happened as result of the weakness to create religious and educational sense, which generally encountered by the modern families. Some the real problems raised today are, the women left their houses for working and the lack of children education. It is explained over this paper that Islam has already given the women right to preferring career and employment, as well as performing political role with a condition that it has made them sustainable.Keywords:family, familys challenge, prophetic tradition
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Pietrzak, Wit. "Recalling All the Olympians: W. B. Yeats’s “Beautiful Lofty Things,” On the Boiler and the Agenda of National Rebirth." Text Matters, no. 4 (November 25, 2014): 222–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/texmat-2014-0015.
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While it has been omitted by numerous critics in their otherwise comprehensive readings of Yeats’s oeuvre, “Beautiful Lofty Things” has been placed among the mythical poems, partly in accordance with Yeats’s own intention; in a letter to his wife, he suggested that “Lapis Lazuli, the poem called ‘To D. W.’ ‘Beautiful Lofty Things,’ ‘Imitated from the Japanese’ & ‘Gyres’ . . . would go well together in a bunch.” The poem has been inscribed in the Yeats canon as registering a series of fleeting epiphanies of the mythical in the mundane. However, “Beautiful Lofty Things,” evocative of a characteristically Yeatsian employment of myth though it certainly is, seems at the same time to fuse Yeats’s quite earthly preoccupations. It is here argued that the poem is organized around a tightly woven matrix of figures that comprise Yeats’s idea of the Irish nation as a “poetical culture.” Thus the position of the lyric in the poet’s oeuvre deserves to be shifted from periphery towards an inner part of his cultural and political ideas of the time. Indeed, the poem can be viewed as one of Yeats’s central late comments on the state of the nation and, significantly, one in which he is able to proffer a humanist strategy for developing a culturally modern state rather than miring his argument in occasionally over-reckless display of abhorrence of modernity.
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HENZ, URSULA. "Couples' provision of informal care for parents and parents-in-law: far from sharing equally?" Ageing and Society 29, no. 3 (March 5, 2009): 369–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x08008155.
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ABSTRACTThis study examines whether and how couples share the provision of informal care for their parents. Four waves of the British General Household Survey contain cross-sectional information about caring for parents and parents-in-law. Descriptive and multivariate analyses were conducted on 2214 couples that provided parent care. The findings emphasise married men's contribution to informal caring for the parental generation and at the same time demonstrate the limits of their involvement. Spouses share many parts of their care-giving but this arrangement is less common with respect to personal and physical care. The more care is required the more likely are people to participate in care for their parents-in-law. More sons-in-law than daughters-in-law provide care but, once involved, daughters-in-law provide on average more hours of care than sons-in-law. Own full-time employment reduces both men's and women's caring for their parents-in-law, and men's caring drops further if their wife is not in the labour market. The findings suggest that daughters-in-law often take direct responsibility whereas sons-in-laws' care-giving depends more on their wives' involvement. Children-in-laws' informal care-giving might decrease in the future because of women's increasing involvement in the labour market and rising levels of non-marital cohabitation in mid-life.