Relevant bibliographies by topics / Widows – history

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Widows – history'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 29 July 2024
Last updated: 30 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Widows – history"

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Blokhina, N. N. "To the history of «compassionate widows» activities and training in St. Petersburg and Moscow hospitals for the poor during the emperor Alexander I reign." Kazan medical journal 97, no. 2 (April 15, 2016): 306–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.17750/kmj2016-306.

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The article considers the «compassionate widows» activities and training at the beginning of the ХIХ century - the time of «Compassionate Widows’ Institute» formation in the Russian Empire. Empress Maria Fedorovna set up hospitals for the poor in St. Petersburg and Moscow, in each of which 200 patients in need of medical care were treated. Patients in the vast majority claimed to not only the close attention of the doctors who performed treatment at their time level, but also careful care. That is why in these hospitals quite many «khozhatyy» and «sidel’nitsa» worked. There should be quite intent control over them. In 1815, in St. Petersburg after a year of testing of «volunteered widows of the St. Petersburg Widows’ House», who cared for the sick at St. Petersburg hospital for the poor, after a solemn oath the title of «compassionate widow» was given to 16 of 24 widows. In January, 1818, Empress Maria Fedorovna ordered to engage «compassionate widows» to the patients care in the Moscow hospital for the poor, what was put into practice by this hospital main physician Kh.F. Oppel’. In the same year «compassionate widows» (two experienced and four under consideration) were taken to this hospital, sent to the two-week duty from Moscow Widow’s House. The probationary period lasted for a year, after which «compassionate widows» took the oath in the temple of the church. In the hospitals for the poor (in 1828 known as the «Marian») both in St. Petersburg and in Moscow «compassionate widows» who voluntarily devoted themselves to «look after the sick», were trained and instructed by clinicians. Evidence of «compassionate widows» extensive training in Moscow is a famous physician Kh.F. Oppel’ guidance «Guidelines and rules, how to look after the sick, for the benefit of everyone engaged in this duty, and in particular for compassionate widows, especially dedicated themselves to this title». This is the first Russian book, dedicated to the upbringing in female nursing staff the feelings of mercy and humanity when practicing their professional and civic duty. Kh.F. Oppels’ book is a remarkable historical and medical literary monument. It is the first medical guidance for the patients care, published in our country in Russian and addressed directly to the female medical staff.
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Steinberg, Jennifer Weathersbee, and Gayle M. Roux. "Midwestern Farm Widows: Adaptation Following Spousal Loss." Nursing Science Quarterly 31, no. 3 (June 19, 2018): 296–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0894318418774949.

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The purpose of this descriptive study was to co-create oral histories of Midwestern farm widows. Rural widows constitute a vulnerable population due to issues of bereavement and depression compounded by emotional and geographical isolation. A farm widow is often forced to maintain viability of the farm for the family’s livelihood. Oral history interviews with nine Midwest farm widows were conducted and analyzed. Three overarching themes emerged: competence, industriousness, and inner strength. Women shared stories of overcoming insurmountable obstacles. This study contributes to the literature on grief and expanding inner strength among rural widows. Further research could inform theory related to inner strength following a challenging life event.
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KIM, Kyung-ok. "Widow's Movement and Mother and Child Protection in Postwar Japan." Korean Association For Japanese History 62 (December 31, 2023): 149–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.24939/kjh.2023.12.62.149.

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This paper examines the widow's movement and mother and child protection issues from immediately after the defeat to April 1952. The analysis until April 1952 is related to the political situation in Japan during this period. Japan was under Allied Occupation from immediately after the defeat until the San Francisco Peace Treaty took effect in April 1952. After this treaty went into effect, Japan became an independent government. During this period, Japanese widows could be divided into war widows and ordinary widows. The most distinctive feature of war widows is that the bereaved family, centered on men other than widows, took the initiative and proceeded with a bereaved movement focusing on mental treatment issues such as memorials and condolences. The feature of the widow's movement examined in this paper focuses on life problems. Therefore, it includes not only ordinary widows but also war widows in need due to livelihoods. In addition, unlike the bereaved movement, which is centered on male bereaved families, the widow's movement is centered on women. This article examines the reality of widows who lived in chaos during the occupation period, which began immediately after the defeat in World War II. Then, through the relationship between the mother-child dormitory and the widow's movement, it will examines the issue of mother-child protection. This analysis will provide implications for examining the changing social and mental awareness of widows based on life problems.
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van Dijk, Ingrid K., and Jan Kok. "Kept in the Family: Remarriage, Siblings, and Consanguinity in the Netherlands." Journal of Interdisciplinary History 52, no. 3 (December 15, 2021): 313–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jinh_a_01730.

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Abstract Widowhood involves many practical challenges next to the emotional impact of bereavement. Remarriage to a blood relative of a deceased spouse can often help a bereaved spouse to solve issues related to inheritance, child care, and comfort in a stressful period. A study of 15,540 widowers and 18,837 widows in the Dutch province of Zeeland—of whom about 8,000 men and 5,000 women eventually remarried—which uses genealogical data about their partners and the links family-reconstitution database, finds that the relatively high likelihood of farmers’ widows remarrying and doing so with kin may have been a strategy to prevent property from falling into the hands of other families. Notwithstanding that the attractiveness of a widow or widower could also be a factor in opportunities to remarry, older widows and widows with many young children, whose chances on the remarriage market tended to be poor, did not usually have such recourse to kin in remarriage.
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Hegyi, Ádám. "Widows’ and Orphans’ Funds at the End of the 18th Century. An Attempt of the Békés Reformed Diocese to Establish a Widows’ and Orphan’ Fund." Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Theologia Reformata Transylvanica 68, no. 2 (December 30, 2023): 167–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/subbtref.68.2.11.

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The system of widows’ pension, orphans’ benefit, and old-age pension was established at the end of the 19th century; however, self-funding also had its antecedents in the early modern period. In Protestant churches, there is evidence that pastors tried to care for their widows and orphans from the 16th century onward. The first fund for the widows and orphans of ministers was established in the Reformed Diocese of Békés in the southeastern part of the Kingdom of Hungary in 1790. The institution, however, could not survive due to lack of capital. Keywords: pension, widow, orphan, Reformed Church, Hungarian Kingdom, pauperism, pension fund, history of pension
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Faull, Katherine M. "“You are the Savior's Widow:” Religion/Sexuality and Bereavement in the Eighteenth-Century Moravian Church." Journal of Moravian History 8, no. 1 (2010): 89–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/41179901.

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Abstract Despite the fact that a widows' choir existed in almost every eighteenth-century Moravian congregation, frequently with its own choir house, there has to date been no examination of the Moravian widow in the eighteenth century. Tins essay examines how Zinzendorfs understanding of bridal mysticism in the 1740s was inflected to meet the spiritual needs of the recently bereaved woman. This essay also shows how, in the 1780s, the Principles of the Widows' Choir and its Instructions for Pastoral Care reflect that particular instantiation of the Ehereligion (bridal theology) and seek to provide the Moravian widow with both spiritual and physical support in her time of mourning and guide her to look to her eternal husband, Christ, for comfort.
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Ryblova, Marina A. "Widows in a Traditional Family and the Don Cossack Community." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History 66, no. 1 (2021): 279–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu02.2021.117.

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Based on the analysis of materials from the Don periodicals of the second half of the 19th century as well as data from field ethnographic studies of the late 20th — early 21th century collected in places of compact residence of the Don Cossacks, the article reveals the status and functions of widows in the Don Cossack community and family. The cardinal changes in the situation of widowed women in the family and community, in the economic and ceremonial spheres of life are shown, and the mechanisms for their adaptation to the new status are revealed. Features of the militarized way of life in the Don Cossack communities had an impact on the position of widows in the family and community. They determined their high status associated with the main social function — the guardians of the military glory of husbands. The special property rights of widows and their active participation in the life of the community, including Cossack self-government, were associated with this. The community secured widows’ rights to land allotment of the deceased husband and his property, defended the rights of the widow and her children, focusing not only on legislation, but also on customary law. In the Cossack milieu, there were also forms of psychological rehabilitation of widows: their inclusion in the ritual life of the family and community, support through the communities of odnosumy (fellow soldiers) and odnosumok (“female fellow soldiers”). These mechanisms enabled women who found themselves in difficult life situations to find a new place in society, opened opportunities for psychological rehabilitation, spiritual realization and continuation of an active social life.
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Van Poppel, Frans. "Widows, Widowers and Remarriage in Nineteenth-Century Netherlands." Population Studies 49, no. 3 (November 1995): 421–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0032472031000148756.

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Larson, Peter L. "Widow-right in Durham, England (1349–1660)." Continuity and Change 33, no. 2 (August 2018): 173–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0268416018000127.

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AbstractA customary tenant's widow in County Durham had a right to his holdings for her life, and did not forfeit the lands for remarriage or fornication in contrast to customs found elsewhere in England. In this case study of three neighbouring villages, more than 80 per cent of widows with the option exercised this right, and did so consistently over three centuries. The persistence of this pattern indicates that widows as tenants were common and capable of cultivating or managing holdings. It suggests complex interconnections of gender with local social and economic structures, which include marriage, migration, and household formation.
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Collins, Kristin A. "“Petitions Without Number”: Widows' Petitions and the Early Nineteenth-Century Origins of Public Marriage-Based Entitlements." Law and History Review 31, no. 1 (February 2013): 1–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0738248012000727.

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In 1858, Catharine Barr wrote to the Pension Commissioner in Washington, D.C., seeking reinstatement of her widow's pension. Barr explained that she had been married to two men who had died in the service of the United States: first to George Bundick, “a young and beloved husband” who had died in the War of 1812; then to William Davidson in 1835, who had died in 1836 of injuries sustained while serving on the USSVandalia. She acknowledged that she was not, strictly speaking, a widow, as her current husband, James Barr, was still living and they were still married. She nevertheless sought reinstatement of the pension she had been granted as Davidson's widow. Pursuant to the terms of the relevant pension statute, Barr's pension had terminated upon her remarriage to James. However, as Barr explained to the commissioner, James “has neither been with me or given me one Dollar for my support since 1849, and I know not his whereabouts.” Having also lost her father in the War of 1812, Barr saw herself as particularly deserving of the federal government's assistance and believed that she and other widows in her position had a claim on the national coffers. “I for one,” she implored, “have no Dependence on Earth only what comes through my relations.”
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Widows – history"

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Lomas, Janis. "War widows in British society 1914-1990." Thesis, Staffordshire University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.326872.

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Walker, Katharine Aynge. "Seventeenth century northern noble widows : a comparative study." Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 2004. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/7766/.

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This thesis is presented in part fulfilment of the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the University of Huddersfield. This thesis aims to explore the lives of seventeenth century noble widows in the north of England. The issues investigated include the demographics of widowhood, economics of widowhood, charitable activities, noble widows and the law, social networks surrounding widows and widows' political interests. Each of these subjects forms a chapter, where widows' contribution to each sphere through the seventeenth century is explored and assessed. The work also covers wider issues which affected women prior to and during marriage as they were also relevant to widowhood. Therefore it has been necessary to widen the scope of research from analyzing women's lives after the deaths of their husbands. Similarly, the geographical scope of the research, whilst basically entrenched in the north of England, extends in response to the variety of widows' experiences. The research has required examination of primary source material generated by widows such as letters, diaries, estate records and account books from institutions such as the British Library and private libraries such as that at Chatsworth. The second aim of this thesis is to examine more recent attitudes towards seventeenth century noble widows, encompassing the writings of nineteenth century historians and contemporary authors. The subject of this study is an under researched area and the thesis highlights the importance of the only part of a noblewoman's life that was lived as an independent individual. By scrutinising the secondary source material, challenging and criticizing general arguments proposed by other writers, debate upon the subject should be increased and new ideas expressed. Despite the social, legal, economic and political changes which took place throughout the seventeenth century, noble widows remained influential figures within the contexts of family, household and society as they exploited legal loopholes or accepted conventions in order to further their individual aims. This study advances the understanding of women's history by focussing on a neglected aspect of the subject, provides a new viewpoint for regional history and stimulates ideas for further academic debate.
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Tognini, Melinda. "A struggle for recognition: the War Widows' Guild in Western Australia 1946-1975 ; and, Exegesis: Researching and writing an organisational history." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2012. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/486.

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This thesis comprises an organisational history of the War Widow' Guild Australia WA Inc., and an essay about the research and writing process I undertook to construct such a history. The history outlines the development, struggles and achievements of the War Widows’ Guild in Western Australia from 1946 to 1975. While many were celebrating the end of the war in 1945, thousands of war widows faced an uncertain future without their husbands. Although Prime Minister John Curtin addressed the issue of war widows' pensions as part of his Post War Reconstruction initiatives, the pension was well below the basic wage. Many war widows, especially those with small children to support, now lived in near poverty. It was under these circumstances, that Mrs Jessie Mary Vasey, the widow of Major-General George Alan Vasey, established the War Widows' Craft Guild, first in Victoria in November 1945, and then in other states. In Western Australia, the Guild held its first meeting on 29 November 1946. During the early years, members undertook training in weaving and various crafts to supplement their meagre pensions. The Guild also opened tearooms on the Esplanade in Perth, as a form of income and as a central meeting place. For many war widows it was in meeting together that they found support from others who understood their own experiences of grief and loss. At a state and national level, the Guild became a powerful lobby group on behalf of all war widows influencing the government on issues such as accrued recreation leave, pensions, educational benefits and health care. Many of the pensions and benefits war widows receive today are largely due to the work of the early members of this organisation. These women fought for public recognition and expression of their loss. They fought to have war widows' pensions seen as compensation for their husband's lives rather a government handout. They persevered when the organisation faced hurdles, and fought for their rights at a time when men had the louder voices and determined the rules. The essay outlines the research and writing journey that has produced the history. It outlines the wide-ranging research I undertook for each narrative thread. This includes the writing of organisational histories; experiential research in the form of a trip to Gallipoli; archival sources such as newsletters, minutes, correspondence and photographs; contextual history such as war literature, Western Australian history and post-war history; and oral history. I describe some of the difficulties I encountered when searching for particular kinds of information. I also discuss some of the decisions underpinning the selection and shaping of information, particularly in relation to the war widows' stories and embedding an historical context, and some of the tensions at play in that process.
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Fink, de Backer Stephanie. "Widows at the nexus of family and community in early modern Castile." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/289931.

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Widows as individuals and as a social group held fundamental importance to both the family and civic life of early modern Castile. Archival sources indicate that widows' influence throughout all levels of Castilian society was magnified by their relative degree of legal autonomy, combined with a tacit acceptance of women's activities in many areas of familial and municipal life. The use of documents more closely reflecting women's daily activities allows for contextualization of the complex impact of moral and legal rhetoric on the social construction of widowhood, providing concrete examples of widows' practical and often highly tactical employment, evasion, and/or manipulation of patriarchal and moral norms. The experience of widowhood both forces a re-examination of gender boundaries by questioning current theories of female enclosure and demands a re-evaluation of gendered patterns in expressions of patronage and parentage. Marital status and social class become more important that the gendered moral and legal strictures of an apparently patriarchal society in terms of early modern women's ability to take part in a wide range of activities normally not considered possible for their sex. Toledo's widows challenge public/private spheres models by giving evidence of the public nature of private lives and the private ends of public acts. Examining widows' lives provides insight into the complex mechanisms lying behind the formulation of gender boundaries in the early modern world and the pragmatic politics of everyday life at the nexus of family and community.
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Smallwood, Amy Lynn. "Shore Wives: The Lives of British Naval Officers’ Wives and Widows, 1750-1815." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1216915735.

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Smith, Angela. "'Pitied but distrusted' : discourses surrounding British widows of the First World War." Thesis, University of Sunderland, 2007. http://sure.sunderland.ac.uk/3327/.

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This thesis employs critical discourse analysis (Fairclough, 1995) to unpick the discourses surrounding British widows of men who died as a result of the First World War. The war widows’ pension scheme, as implemented under the Royal Warrant of 1916, was the first (financially) non-contributory pension, and the first specifically directed towards women in Britain. Implemented against a backdrop of the first mass, industrialised war of the modern era, the discourses and ideologies underpinning it are firmly rooted in those of the previous century. At a time when the State was intervening in the life of its citizens in more extensive way than at any previous time, it also sought to distance itself from these citizens through the use of an impersonal style of communication. This was used to present war widows’ pension legislation that was framed around discourses of morality and nationalism that masks underlying parsimony and patriarchy. This thesis draws on a wide range of resources such as charitable records, media sources and Hansard reports, concentrating on a selection of 200 individual case files relating to claims for a war widow’s pension, held in the National Archive, Kew. Two case files are analysed in detail using discourse-historical analysis (Wodak, 2001) as a framework for a linguistic analysis. The two case files chosen represent widows whose experiences are typical of those found in the corpus. One widow is representative of the sizeable group of women who had their pensions stopped because of ‘improper’ behaviour, the correspondence in her file revealing how discourses of morality, social welfare and national identity are employed interdiscursively to deny her State funds. The second case study is more diachronic, showing how one widow, in common with thousands of others, was denied a pension on grounds on ineligibility. She employs discourses of social welfare and nationalism to support her claim over a period of nearly 40 years. Over the course of the 20th century, the relationship between the State and the public altered, and this case file offers an opportunity to explore this in some detail.
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Boyington, Amy. "Maids, wives and widows : female architectural patronage in eighteenth-century Britain." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/271383.

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This thesis explores the extent to which elite women of the eighteenth century commissioned architectural works and the extent to which the type and scale of their projects was dictated by their marital status. Traditionally, architectural historians have advocated that eighteenth-century architecture was purely the pursuit of men. Women, of course, were not absent during this period, but their involvement with architecture has been largely obscured and largely overlooked. This doctoral research has redressed this oversight through the scrutinising of known sources and the unearthing of new archival material. This thesis begins with an exploration of the legal and financial statuses of elite women, as encapsulated by the eighteenth-century marriage settlement. This encompasses brides’ portions or dowries, wives’ annuities or ‘pin-money’, widows’ dower or jointure, and provisions made for daughters and younger children. Following this, the thesis is divided into three main sections which each look at the ways in which women, depending upon their marital status, could engage in architecture. The first of these sections discusses unmarried women, where the patronage of the following patroness is examined: Anne Robinson; Lady Isabella Finch; Lady Elizabeth Hastings; Sophia Baddeley; George Anne Bellamy and Teresa Cornelys. The second section explores the patronage of married women, namely Jemima Yorke, Marchioness Grey; Amabel Hume-Campbell, Lady Polwarth; Mary Robinson, Baroness Grantham; Sarah Churchill, Duchess of Marlborough; Frances Boscawen; Elizabeth Herbert, Countess of Pembroke and Montgomery; Henrietta Knight, Baroness Luxborough and Lady Sarah Bunbury. The third and final section discusses the architectural patronage of widowed women, including Susanna Montgomery, Countess of Eglinton; Georgianna Spencer, Countess Spencer; Elizabeth Somerset, Duchess of Beaufort; Elizabeth Home, Countess of Home; Elizabeth Montagu; Mary Hervey, Lady Hervey; Henrietta Fermor, Countess of Pomfret; the Hon. Charlotte Digby; the Hon. Charlotte Boyle Walsingham; the Hon. Agneta Yorke and Albinia Brodrick, Viscountess Midleton. Collectively, all three sections advocate that elite women were at the heart of the architectural patronage system and exerted more influence and agency over architecture than has previously been recognised by architectural historians.
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Emanoil, Valerie A. "'In My Pure Widowhood': Widows and Property in Late Medieval London." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1211560325.

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Pettersson, Sara. "Framställningar & uppfattningar om kvinnan och åldrande I forna Egypten." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Egyptologi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-447335.

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This essay is about women in ancient Egypt and their relation to aging and why they are rarely depicted other than beautiful and young, when it was a possibility for men to be depicted old in ancient Egypt. Looking at the examples in existence of depictions of aging in women, following questions will be discussed. How is a woman with signs of aging depicted and what does these characteristics convey to the viewer? By looking at tomb paintings and statues showing signs of age, these questions will be discussed and put in context in hope of gaining a better understanding of how female age was perceived in ancient Egypt. The main conclusion drawn from this study is that signs of aging in ancient Egypt had a pronounced symbolic value. In addition to this, there is no direct answer why the signs of aging on women were depicted as they were, but there are some speculations why a woman is portrayed older and why she is not.
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Snyder, Kathryn Elizabeth. "Temptress of the Stage: Whither the Widow-Woman?" W&M ScholarWorks, 2014. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626769.

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Books on the topic "Widows – history"

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McCoole, Sinéad. Easter widows. Dublin: Doubleday Ireland, 2014.

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Melnyczuk, Askold. The house of widows: An oral history. Saint Paul, Minn: Graywolf Press, 2008.

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Melnyczuk, Askold. The house of widows: An oral history. Saint Paul, Minn: Graywolf Press, 2008.

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Wiefering, Edna. Tennessee's Confederate widows and their families: Abstracts of 11,190 Confederate widows pension applications. Cleveland, Tenn: Cleveland Public Library staff & volunteers, 1992.

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Mutongi, Kenda Beatrice. Generations of grief and grievances: A history of widows and widowhood in Maragoli, Western Kenya, 1900 to the present. Ann Arbor: UMI Dissertation Services, 1996.

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McGinn, Thomas A. Widows and patriarchy: Ancient and modern. London: Duckworth Academic, 2004.

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Blevins, Christine. The Tory widow. New York: Berkley Books, 2009.

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Tivārī, Devī Prasāda. Prācīna Bhārata meṃ vidhavāem̐. Lakhanaū: Taruṇa Prakāśana, 1994.

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Tivārī, Devī Prasāda. Prācīna Bhārata meṃ vidhavāem̐. Lakhanaū: Taruṇa Prakāśana, 1994.

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Boothe, Schaar Nancy, and Tuscarawas Co Genealogical Society, eds. 1890 widows and veterans census, Tuscarawas County, Ohio. Ohio]: Tuscarawas County Chapter, the Ohio Genealogical Society, 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "Widows – history"

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Kaarninen, Mervi. "From Humiliation to Compensation? Experiencing Poverty and Welfare Institutions Among Red Widows from the Civil War, 1918–1945." In Palgrave Studies in the History of Experience, 159–82. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-38956-6_7.

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AbstractAfter the Great War, various pension schemes were created in Europe to assist war widows and orphans. Compared with the general European response, the Finnish Civil War of 1918 resulted in two different groups of widows and orphans and divergent practices of aid. The families of the White Army soldiers were assisted by national pensions. The widows and orphans of the Reds were stigmatized as the rebellious, defeated side of the war. The chapter focuses on the Red Widows’ encounters with the Finnish social welfare institution in 1918–1945 to answer the following questions: How did these widows interpret the measures the social welfare system directed to them? What kind of experiences of society did these measures create? How did the two-way social relationship affect the dense community of these widows? The analysis uses the concepts of emotional community and collective experience. The source material consists of the letters of complaint the widows wrote to the Ministry of Social Affairs from 1919 until the middle of the 1940s. The article proceeds via the concepts of humiliation, resistance, compensation, and wounded confidence. The letters describe the process of the experience in the life course of the Red widows, and the concepts serve as tools in the analysis.
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Bishop, Catherine. "On Their Own in a ‘Man’s World’: Widows in Business in Colonial Australia and New Zealand." In Palgrave Studies in Economic History, 169–93. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33412-3_7.

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Rayner-Canham, Marelene, and Geoff Rayner-Canham. "Sibyl Taite Widdows." In Perspectives on the History of Chemistry, 93–100. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-95439-0_13.

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Highet, Campbell. "The Drummond Trend Widens." In Scottish Locomotive History, 167–86. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003208716-8.

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Fleck, Andrew. "Rescuing the Widow Belge: Chivalry in the Construction of Elizabethan Englishness." In Early Modern Literature in History, 27–66. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-42910-1_2.

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Steele, John M. "Lengths, Widths, Surfaces by J. Høyrup." In Aestimatio: Critical Reviews in the History of Science (Volume 1), edited by Alan C. Bowen and Tracey E. Rihll, 1–4. Piscataway, NJ, USA: Gorgias Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.31826/9781463221706-002.

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Smith, Jonathan. "Ellis’s Papers in Trinity College, Cambridge." In Studies in History and Philosophy of Science, 171–79. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85258-0_8.

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AbstractThe second half of this volume consists of transcriptions selected for the most part from those papers of Robert Leslie Ellis that are preserved in Trinity College Library in Cambridge. These papers do not form a discrete archive, rather they comprise a survival, or more accurately several separate survivals, among the papers of the great mid-century Master of the College, William Whewell. Whewell had married Ellis’s sister Everina Frances, widow of Sir Gilbert Affleck, in 1858. It is surely through this close family connection that the papers of the two brothers-in-law became so entwined. The importance of Whewell’s own papers may have played a hand in long-term preservation of Ellis’s literary remains, whilst Whewell’s position as Master of Trinity made the College’s Wren Library a safe repository for the large archive he left on his death, including the Ellis material he had inherited from his second wife.
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Fischer, Susanna. "Chapter 18. Latin orientalism." In Comparative History of Literatures in European Languages, 296–307. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/chlel.xxxiv.18fis.

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Different practical aims and motivations that are reflected in Latin travel and pilgrimage literature led to voyages outside Europe in the Middle Ages. The chapter will begin by outlining the nature and content of travel and pilgrimage literature on extra-European travel as well as the development, the continuity and the changes in this genre. A second section addresses transmission, manuscripts, and circulation as well as audience and reception. The focus of pilgrimage narratives widens and also includes non-Christian features at the same time as reports on East-Asia-Travels emerge. To illustrate this development, the depiction of mirabilia in Wilhelm of Boldensele’s and Odoric of Pordenone’s writings are discussed.
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Gregg, Stephen H. "Aphra Behn, from The Widdow Ranter, or, The History of Bacon in Virginia (1690)." In Empire and Identity, 28–38. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-03961-3_3.

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Kretschmer, Marek Thue. "Chapter 38. The matter of Troy in medieval Latin poetry (ca. 1060 – ca. 1230)." In Comparative History of Literatures in European Languages, 606–24. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/chlel.xxxiv.38kre.

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The present chapter discusses Latin poems dealing with the Trojan matter from the rise of such poetry around 1060 up to the early 13th century, when poems in the vernacular become dominating. Discussed poets or anonymous poems (in italics) include Wido of Ivrea, Godfrey of Reims, Baudri of Bourgueil, the Deidamia Achilli, the Heu male te cupimus, the Sub uespere Troianis menibus, the Carmina Burana 92, 99–102, the Anna soror ut quid mori, Hugh Primas, Pierre de Saintes, Peter Riga, the Alea fortunae, Simon Capra Aurea, the Altercatio Ganymedis et Helenae, the Causae Aiacis et Ulixis I–II, the Quis partus Troiae and the Bella minans Asiae. A short postface offers a rapid synopsis of the vernacular literature that marks the late Middle Ages.
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Conference papers on the topic "Widows – history"

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Ortlepp, R., S. Ortlepp, and C. Beyer. "RC Roof Structures from Post-war Time." In IABSE Symposium, Wroclaw 2020: Synergy of Culture and Civil Engineering – History and Challenges. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/wroclaw.2020.0601.

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<p>Reinforced concrete roof structures represent a historical construction method that was particularly widespread in Central and Eastern Germany in the post-war period. The lack of wood at that time mainly led to the invention of constructions based on typical wooden roof constructions. Particularly in the first two post-war decades, precast concrete companies developed various system solutions for reinforced concrete roofs with different span widths. Initially only implemented in a slightly technical form, it was later possible to systematise such roof structures more strongly and to convert them to extensive prefabrication. Due to the high planning and assembly costs, however, the construction method was not successful in the long run. The results of the analysis in this article show that the RC structures, which are over 50 years old, show comparatively little damage. Due to their rarity, which is quite rare in the meantime, it is worth considering the preservation of this construction as a historical testimony.</p>
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"Architecture as Didactic Teacher: The Credence of Historical Primacy as Trope for Chicago’s Raison d’être. The History of Chicago’s Widow Clarke House." In 6th Annual International Conference on Architecture and Civil Engineering (ACE 2018). Global Science and Technology Forum, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5176/2301-39x_ace18.65.

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Wong, L. W. "Wall-Soil Interaction Effects on Ground Movements Adjacent to Excavations." In The HKIE Geotechnical Division 42nd Annual Seminar. AIJR Publisher, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/proceedings.133.41.

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Accurate prediction of ground movements is essential for assessing the potential risk of damaging structures adjacent to deep excavations. Numerous studies have previously been conducted to estimate the magnitudes and the distributions of ground movements. However, the wall-soil interaction effects have not been fully explored. Particularly, the soft toe condition, the effects of vertical loading on walls and the effects of the excavation widths have seldom been discussed. Presented herein is a parametric study conducted to quantify the influence of wall movements on vertical ground movements. A case history of the excavation in soft ground in the Taipei basin is collected for the studies. The excavation was retained by diaphragm walls of 31.5 m in length. Six cases with excavation widths of 11.2 m and 41.2 m with and without soft toes have been analyzed. The non-linear Hardening-Soil with Small Strain constitutive soil model is adopted. The stiffness parameters for the HSS soil model are validated by comparing the results of analyses with the observed ground movements.
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Nolan, Steven J., Thomas Cadenazzi, Marco Rossini, Antonio Nanni, Chase Knight, and Ivan Lasa. "The 200-year Bridge Substructure – Foundations for Resilience and Sustainability." In IABSE Congress, New York, New York 2019: The Evolving Metropolis. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/newyork.2019.1207.

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<p>For coastal water crossings, the most susceptible elements to deterioration are the foundations, especially in the tidal and splash zones. The bridge substructure is usually the most time-consuming, environmentally- sensitive, and construction-risky element to build. Multiple technologies are now available for the rapid and economical replacement of bridge superstructures, that can reuse existing foundations efficiently. Widening of existing structures can equally benefit from the reuse of existing foundations in good condition, if the span lengths are set appropriately with consideration for future needs. History shows us that surface transportation design criteria, public needs, and travel modes are transient. With autonomous vehicles and increasing light-rail demand, predicting future lane widths, loadings or bridge widening requirements even in the next 50 years is challenging. Therefore, durable, adaptable, and reusable-resilient foundations represent a low risk, sustainable investment for a 200-year bridge, especially when compared to bridge superstructures. The successful design for such an ambitious goal is also dependent on selecting the appropriate geometric and hydraulic parameters for anticipated needs of such as: flow capacity; navigational clearance; and potential changes in design elevations either due to sea-level rise and/or increasing storm surge and wave crest heights. This paper explores some of the latest reinforced/prestressed concrete solutions that are emerging to meet these ambitious but worthy goals.</p>
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Cleeman, Jeremy, Alex Bogut, Brijesh Mangrolia, Adeline Ripberger, Arad Maghouli, Kunal Kate, and Rajiv Malhotra. "Multiplexed 3D Printing of Thermoplastics." In ASME 2022 17th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2022-80882.

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Abstract Extrusion-based additive manufacturing of large thermoplastic structures has significant emerging applications. The most popular approach to economically achieving such 3D printing is to increase the polymer flow rate along with the layer height and line width. However, this creates a fundamental compromise between the achievable geometric fidelity and the printing throughput. We explore a Multiplexed Fused Filament Fabrication (MF3) approach in which an array of FFF extruders concurrently prints different sections of the same part using small layer heights and line widths. Mounting all the extruders on one cartesian gantry without individual control of each extruder’s motion enables simple machine construction and control. 3D geometric complexity is realized by rastering the extruder array across the smallest rectangle bounding each 2D layer and by spatially specific deposition via “dynamic” filament retraction/ advancement in the extruders. The dynamic moniker is because, unlike conventional single extruder FFF, the extruder array does not stop during dynamic filament retraction/advancement. This achieves higher throughput at greater resolution without material-intensive overprinting and machining, geometrically-limited throughput of the dual-extruder strategy, cost and geometric limitations of robot-based multiplexing, and the complexity and geometric limitations of previous gantry-based multiplexing efforts. Our experiments reveal the parameters that affect dynamic retraction and advancement, and show a previously unknown coupling between the efficacy of dynamic filament retraction and dynamic filament advancement. We create part-scale thermal simulations to model temperature evolution in the part under the action of multiple concurrently acting extruders, revealing a unique temperature history that can affect bonding and mechanical properties. We show that MF3 can enable resilience to extruder failure by allowing other extruders to take over part fabrication while the damaged extruder is being replaced. We also demonstrate that MF3 enables flexibility in part scale and geometry, i.e., the ability to make multiple smaller parts of similar or distinct geometries in one production run and lesser number of larger parts of similar or distinct geometries in the next production run. Finally, we quantitatively analyze the future potential of MF3 to achieve similar or greater throughput than state-of-the-art Big Area Additive Manufacturing while significantly enhancing the geometric resolution.
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Bruce, Dr. "The Life and Mysterious Death of Harold F. Pitcairn: Was it Suicide?" In Vertical Flight Society 76th Annual Forum & Technology Display. The Vertical Flight Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/f-0076-2020-16260.

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Harold F. Pitcairn, American aviation and Autogiro pioneer, died from a single gunshot wound to the head in the late evening hours of April 23, 1960 at the age of 62 after a gala evening at which he presided over a celebration attended by more than 450 guests for his brother's Raymond's 75th birthday. Initially labelled a suicide by the press, Pitcairn's widow Clara declared that "she never wanted to hear another word about the tragedy", while friends and friendly local authorities made the argument, duly reported by Frank Kingston Smith in Legacy of Wings, his devotional Pitcairn biography (subsidized by the Pitcairn family), that the death was accidental because "there was no note, no indication of depression or unhappiness" and "the police investigation disclosed that two shots had been fired; one had penetrated the ceiling directly over the desk in the first floor study, another had struck Pitcairn in the eye" and that "the next morning it was discovered the semi-automatic pistol was defective: when cocked, it had a supersensitive "hair trigger," and it had a faulty disconnector so that it would fire more than one shot at a time, a condition known as "doubling."" The Pitcairn families, prominent and powerful, prevailed upon the local authorities to declare the death accidental and Kingston Smith's 1981account became the de facto authoritative story of the death of Harold F. Pitcairn. With the perspective, however, of six decades, it appears far more likely that Pitcairn's death was a suicide for reasons that were not readily evident, minimized, unappreciated or deliberately ignored at the time to craft a result that met the needs of Clara Pitcairn and her surviving family. These included the fact that while the claim was made that Pitcairn was making his nightly rounds to check on the estate’s ground-level windows (and had been doing so since the Lindbergh kidnapping in 1932), he actually died at his desk; that those in the house only reported a single shot; the 1907 Savage pistol had no reputation for a hair-trigger, and had not evidenced such a flaw in almost three decades of Pitcairn's nightly ritual; that even though Pitcairn had been assured that his almost-decade-long lawsuit against the United States government for Patent infringement of his Autogiro patents was going well, he was concerned about the impact this lawsuit was having on his aged associates who had been called to give depositions and he had voiced the sentiment that "if he had known that he would have to sue the government, he would not have gone into the Autogiro business"; that the lawsuit, itself intended as a vindication of Pitcairn's contribution to aviation was dragging on and would reach its first legal conclusion in 1967, and not finally conclude upon appeal until 1977; and most importantly, those who deny suicide and point to Pitcairn’s state-of-mind, have failed to take into account when the death occurred or ready evidence of his 'state of mind' To fail to see the tragic end of Harold F. Pitcairn is to forget that 29 years and one day earlier, he had been recognized for "the greatest achievement in aeronautics or astronautics in America, with respect to improving the performance, efficiency, and safety of air or space vehicles, the value of which has been thoroughly demonstrated by actual use during the preceding year." The memory of that day on the White House back lawn with the President was the high point of his life even as Pitcairn prepared to celebrate his older brother's achievements. The evidence, when marshalled and documented, conclusively points to suicide - a death of an American aviation pioneer before his contributions were vindicated in the largest patent infringement judgement against the United States in history. To fail to see the tragic end of Harold F. Pitcairn is to forget that 29 years earlier, he had been recognized for "the greatest achievement in aeronautics or astronautics in America".
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