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Journal articles on the topic 'Widespread and common'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 8 February 2022

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1

Malkin, Ida, Frances M. K. Williams, Genevieve LaChance, Timothy Spector, Alex J. MacGregor, and Gregory Livshits. "Low Back and Common Widespread Pain Share Common Genetic Determinants." Annals of Human Genetics 78, no. 5 (June 24, 2014): 357–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ahg.12074.

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2

Clark, Gregory. "Commons Sense: Common Property Rights, Efficiency, and Institutional Change." Journal of Economic History 58, no. 1 (March 1998): 73–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050700019896.

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Common property rights were widespread in English agriculture for at least 600 years. Since privatizing common fields allegedly produced huge profits in the eighteenth century, common land owners seemingly squandered 15 percent of potential income for generations. Ingenious explanations have been produced for this market failure. This article argues for a simple, brutal resolution. Common fields survived because enclosure was generally unprofitable before 1750, when changing relative prices made private property rights marginally more efficient. Then people responded quickly to modest profits. The rich gains from enclosure existed only in the imaginings of wild-eyed eighteenth century agrarian reformers.

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3

Leon-Cortes, Jorge L., Matthew J. R. Cowley, and Chris D. Thomas. "Detecting decline in a formerly widespread species: how common is the common blue butterfly Polyommatus icarus?" Ecography 22, no. 6 (December 1999): 643–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0587.1999.tb00513.x.

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4

Crowe, Olivia, Andy J. Musgrove, and John O'Halloran. "Generating population estimates for common and widespread breeding birds in Ireland." Bird Study 61, no. 1 (January 2, 2014): 82–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00063657.2013.868401.

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5

Elliott, Graeme P., Peter R. Wilson, Rowley H. Taylor, and Jacqueline R. Beggs. "Declines in common, widespread native birds in a mature temperate forest." Biological Conservation 143, no. 9 (September 2010): 2119–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2010.05.022.

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6

Gallaher, Sean D., Rory J. Craig, Iniyan Ganesan, Samuel O. Purvine, Sean R. McCorkle, Jane Grimwood, Daniela Strenkert, et al. "Widespread polycistronic gene expression in green algae." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 7 (February 12, 2021): e2017714118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2017714118.

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Polycistronic gene expression, common in prokaryotes, was thought to be extremely rare in eukaryotes. The development of long-read sequencing of full-length transcript isomers (Iso-Seq) has facilitated a reexamination of that dogma. Using Iso-Seq, we discovered hundreds of examples of polycistronic expression of nuclear genes in two divergent species of green algae: Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Chromochloris zofingiensis. Here, we employ a range of independent approaches to validate that multiple proteins are translated from a common transcript for hundreds of loci. A chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis using trimethylation of lysine 4 on histone H3 marks confirmed that transcription begins exclusively at the upstream gene. Quantification of polyadenylated [poly(A)] tails and poly(A) signal sequences confirmed that transcription ends exclusively after the downstream gene. Coexpression analysis found nearly perfect correlation for open reading frames (ORFs) within polycistronic loci, consistent with expression in a shared transcript. For many polycistronic loci, terminal peptides from both ORFs were identified from proteomics datasets, consistent with independent translation. Synthetic polycistronic gene pairs were transcribed and translated in vitro to recapitulate the production of two distinct proteins from a common transcript. The relative abundance of these two proteins can be modified by altering the Kozak-like sequence of the upstream gene. Replacement of the ORFs with selectable markers or reporters allows production of such heterologous proteins, speaking to utility in synthetic biology approaches. Conservation of a significant number of polycistronic gene pairs between C. reinhardtii, C. zofingiensis, and five other species suggests that this mechanism may be evolutionarily ancient and biologically important in the green algal lineage.

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7

Dreyer, Bo, Lisbeth Tranebjærg, Vigdis Brox, Thomas Rosenberg, Claes Möller, Magdalena Beneyto, Michael D. Weston, William J. Kimberling, and Øivind Nilssen. "A Common Ancestral Origin of the Frequent and Widespread 2299delG USH2A Mutation." American Journal of Human Genetics 69, no. 1 (July 2001): 228–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/321269.

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8

Lohr, Michael T., Siegfried L. Krauss, Peter B. S. Spencer, Janet M. Anthony, Allan H. Burbidge, and Robert A. Davis. "Widespread genetic connectivity in Australia’s most common owl, despite extensive habitat fragmentation." Emu - Austral Ornithology 120, no. 3 (July 2, 2020): 249–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01584197.2020.1794908.

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9

VAN DYCK, HANS, ARCO J. VAN STRIEN, DIRK MAES, and CHRIS A. M. VAN SWAAY. "Declines in Common, Widespread Butterflies in a Landscape under Intense Human Use." Conservation Biology 23, no. 4 (August 2009): 957–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2009.01175.x.

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10

Turin, Lauretta, Silvia Russo, and Giorgio Poli. "BHV-1: New Molecular Approaches to Control a Common and Widespread Infection." Molecular Medicine 5, no. 5 (May 1999): 261–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03402063.

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11

Reading, C. J., L. M. Luiselli, G. C. Akani, X. Bonnet, G. Amori, J. M. Ballouard, E. Filippi, G. Naulleau, D. Pearson, and L. Rugiero. "Are snake populations in widespread decline?" Biology Letters 6, no. 6 (June 9, 2010): 777–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2010.0373.

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Long-term studies have revealed population declines in fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals. In birds, and particularly amphibians, these declines are a global phenomenon whose causes are often unclear. Among reptiles, snakes are top predators and therefore a decline in their numbers may have serious consequences for the functioning of many ecosystems. Our results show that, of 17 snake populations (eight species) from the UK, France, Italy, Nigeria and Australia, 11 have declined sharply over the same relatively short period of time with five remaining stable and one showing signs of a marginal increase. Although the causes of these declines are currently unknown, we suspect that they are multi-faceted (such as habitat quality deterioration, prey availability), and with a common cause, e.g. global climate change, at their root.

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12

M., Glen, Tommerup I., Bougher N., and O'Brien P. "Are Sebacinaceae common and widespread ectomycorrhizal associates of Eucalyptus species in Australian forests?" Mycorrhiza 12, no. 5 (October 1, 2002): 243–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00572-002-0180-y.

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13

Thompson, Joshua W., Sriram Srinivasan, and Damodar Makkuni. "Chronic tophaceous gout mimicking widespread metastasis." BMJ Case Reports 14, no. 5 (May 2021): e236166. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2020-236166.

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Gout is a common crystal-induced arthropathy affecting mainly the joints of the appendicular skeleton; however, rarely this condition affects the axial skeleton as well. Spinal gout can cause radiculopathy, cord compression, canal stenosis and discitis. We describe a case of a 71-year-old woman where the initial presentation of destructive arthropathy and spinal masses secondary to axial gout was mistaken for a metastatic malignancy. Despite chronic polyarthropathy and bilateral subcutaneous gouty tophi, spinal gout was not considered a differential diagnosis during initial assessment.The patient was managed conservatively with pharmacological treatment resulting in improvement of her upper limb radiculopathy and systemic joint pain, although little improvement in mobility. Such extensive involvement is rare and the masses can mimic an underlying metastatic disease. Careful history and clinical examination recognising polyarthropathy and subcutaneous tophi can aid the clinician to make the right diagnosis and institute correct treatment. Delay in recognising gout as a differential diagnosis can lead to marked morbidity as illustrated in our case.

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14

Freitas, Camila Fernanda Novak Pinheiro de, Fabiane Mulinari-Brenner, Hanae Rafaela Fontana, Arthur Conelian Gentili, and Mariana Hammerschmidt. "Ichthyosis associated with widespread tinea corporis: report of three cases." Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia 88, no. 4 (August 2013): 627–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/abd1806-4841.20131854.

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Ichthyoses are a common group of keratinization disorders. A non-inflammatory generalized persistent skin desquamation is observed. It is characterized by increased cell turnover, thickening of the stratum corneum and functional changes of sebaceous and sweat glands. All of these favor fungal proliferation. Dermatophytes may infect skin, hair and nails causing ringworm or tinea. They have the ability to obtain nutrients from keratinized material. One of its most prevalent genera is Trichophyton rubrum. Although tineas and ichthyoses are quite common, the association of the two entities is rarely reported in the literature. Three cases of ichthyosis associated with widespread infection by T. rubrum are presented. Resistance to several antifungal treatments was responsible for worsening of ichthyosis signs and symptoms.

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15

Batasheva, B. A., and A. A. Al’derov. "Intraspecific diversity of common barley resistance to fungal diseases most widespread in southern Dagestan." Russian Agricultural Sciences 35, no. 3 (June 2009): 150–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1068367409030057.

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16

McBeth, J., B. Tomenson, C. A. Chew-Graham, G. J. Macfarlane, J. Jackson, A. Littlewood, and F. H. Creed. "Common and unique associated factors for medically unexplained chronic widespread pain and chronic fatigue." Journal of Psychosomatic Research 79, no. 6 (December 2015): 484–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2015.10.004.

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17

Fang, Minggang, Lloyd Hutchinson, April Deng, and Michael R. Green. "Common BRAF(V600E)-directed pathway mediates widespread epigenetic silencing in colorectal cancer and melanoma." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 5 (January 19, 2016): 1250–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1525619113.

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During cancer development, it is well established that many genes, including tumor suppressor genes, are hypermethylated and transcriptionally repressed, a phenomenon referred to as epigenetic silencing. In general, the factors involved in, and the mechanistic basis of, epigenetic silencing during cancer development are not well understood. We have recently described an epigenetic silencing pathway, directed by the oncogenic B-Raf proto-oncogene (BRAF) variant BRAF(V600E), that mediates widespread epigenetic silencing in colorectal cancer (CRC). Notably, the BRAF(V600E) mutation is also present in 50–70% of melanomas. Here, we show that the same pathway we identified in CRC also directs epigenetic silencing of a similar set of genes in BRAF-positive melanoma. In both CRC and melanoma, BRAF(V600E) promotes epigenetic silencing through up-regulation of v-maf avian musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene homolog G (MAFG), a transcriptional repressor with sequence-specific DNA-binding activity. The elevated concentration of MAFG drives DNA binding on the promoter. Promoter-bound MAFG recruits a set of corepressors that includes its heterodimeric partner BTB and CNC homology 1, basic leucine zipper transcription factor 1 (BACH1), the chromatin remodeling factor chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein 8 (CHD8), and the DNA methyltransferase DNMT3B, resulting in hypermethylation and transcriptional silencing. Our results reveal a common BRAF(V600E)-directed transcriptional regulatory pathway that mediates epigenetic silencing in unrelated solid tumors and provide strong support for an instructive model of oncoprotein-directed epigenetic silencing.

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18

McCreadie, John W., and Peter H. Adler. "Spatial distributions of common and rare species in a widespread group of stream insects." Freshwater Science 38, no. 1 (March 2019): 53–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/701480.

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19

Yao, Yao, Jia Yang, Yimin Xie, Hai Liao, Baoying Yang, Qi Xu, and Shuquan Rao. "No Evidence for Widespread Positive Selection Signatures in Common Risk Alleles Associated with Schizophrenia." Schizophrenia Bulletin 46, no. 3 (May 31, 2019): 603–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbz048.

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Abstract Schizophrenia poses an evolutionary-genetic paradox as it exhibits strongly negative fitness effects (early mortality and decreased fecundity), yet it persists at a prevalence of approximately 1% worldwide. Evidence from several studies have suggested that schizophrenia is evolved and maintained in part as a maladaptive byproduct of recent positive selection and adaptive evolution in human beings. However, inconsistent results have been also proposed, challenging the recent positive selection theory to explain the high population frequency of schizophrenia-associated alleles. Here, we used public domain data to locate signatures of positive selection based on genetic diversity, derived allele frequency, differentiation between populations, and long haplotypes at schizophrenia-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and randomly selected SNPs (as negative controls). We found evidence for positive selection at 10 out of the 105 schizophrenia-associated SNPs, while 5 of these SNPs involved positive selection for the protective allele. Taken together, the absence of widespread positive selection signals at the schizophrenia-associated SNPs, along with the fact that half of the positive selection favored the protective allele, provide little evidence supporting the positive selection theory in schizophrenia.

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20

Polimanti, Renato, and Joel Gelernter. "Widespread signatures of positive selection in common risk alleles associated to autism spectrum disorder." PLOS Genetics 13, no. 2 (February 10, 2017): e1006618. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1006618.

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21

Baek, Seung H., Nathan J. Steiger, Jason E. Smerdon, and Richard Seager. "Oceanic Drivers of Widespread Summer Droughts in the United States Over the Common Era." Geophysical Research Letters 46, no. 14 (July 18, 2019): 8271–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2019gl082838.

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22

Frei, Eva S., J. F. Scheepens, Georg F. J. Armbruster, and Jürg Stöcklin. "Phenotypic differentiation in a common garden reflects the phylogeography of a widespread Alpine plant." Journal of Ecology 100, no. 2 (October 13, 2011): 297–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2745.2011.01909.x.

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23

Conrad, Kelvin F., Martin S. Warren, Richard Fox, Mark S. Parsons, and Ian P. Woiwod. "Rapid declines of common, widespread British moths provide evidence of an insect biodiversity crisis." Biological Conservation 132, no. 3 (October 2006): 279–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2006.04.020.

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24

Thakur, Mukesh, Esther Wullschleger Schättin, and William J. McShea. "Globally common, locally rare: revisiting disregarded genetic diversity for conservation planning of widespread species." Biodiversity and Conservation 27, no. 11 (June 15, 2018): 3031–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10531-018-1579-x.

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25

Wang, Zhen, Ruonan Wang, Limin Lin, Ruisi Liu, Sirui Ma, Yongfeng Hong, Ziqing He, Yingjuan Su, and Ting Wang. "The complete chloroplast genome of Alsophila latebrosa, a common and widespread tree fern (Cyatheaceae)." Mitochondrial DNA Part B 6, no. 7 (June 22, 2021): 2084–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23802359.2021.1942262.

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26

Porter, Lauren L., and Loren L. Looger. "Extant fold-switching proteins are widespread." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 23 (May 21, 2018): 5968–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1800168115.

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A central tenet of biology is that globular proteins have a unique 3D structure under physiological conditions. Recent work has challenged this notion by demonstrating that some proteins switch folds, a process that involves remodeling of secondary structure in response to a few mutations (evolved fold switchers) or cellular stimuli (extant fold switchers). To date, extant fold switchers have been viewed as rare byproducts of evolution, but their frequency has been neither quantified nor estimated. By systematically and exhaustively searching the Protein Data Bank (PDB), we found ∼100 extant fold-switching proteins. Furthermore, we gathered multiple lines of evidence suggesting that these proteins are widespread in nature. Based on these lines of evidence, we hypothesized that the frequency of extant fold-switching proteins may be underrepresented by the structures in the PDB. Thus, we sought to identify other putative extant fold switchers with only one solved conformation. To do this, we identified two characteristic features of our ∼100 extant fold-switching proteins, incorrect secondary structure predictions and likely independent folding cooperativity, and searched the PDB for other proteins with similar features. Reassuringly, this method identified dozens of other proteins in the literature with indication of a structural change but only one solved conformation in the PDB. Thus, we used it to estimate that 0.5–4% of PDB proteins switch folds. These results demonstrate that extant fold-switching proteins are likely more common than the PDB reflects, which has implications for cell biology, genomics, and human health.

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27

MacKay, DA, and MA Whalen. "Geographic variation in ant defence of a widespread Australian euphorb." Australian Systematic Botany 9, no. 2 (1996): 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb9960235.

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Consequences of ant visitation to plants with extra-floral nectaries (EFNs) in the endemic Australian genus Adriana (Euphorbiaceae) were studied at two locations near Broome, WA and Toowoomba in south-eastern Queensland. At both localities, the prevailing weather conditions were very dry during the study, and ant and herbivore densities were low. The ant and herbivore faunas on adrianas differed between the Western Australian and Queensland sites. At Broome, sap-sucking insects were the most common herbivores seen on plants. Densities of these insects tended to increase when ants were experimentally excluded. At the Queensland study sites, leaf-chewing beetles were the most common herbivores. Although numbers of these insects did not increase significantly when ants were experimentally excluded from treatment branches, behavioural assays showed that the presence or absence of ants could significantly affect the beetles' residence time on plants. Attendance by an assemblage of several ant species apparently provides adrianas with a defence that can function in seasonally dry conditions, that acts primarily to protect young and developing tissues and that acts against a variety of insect herbivores.

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28

Herrmann, Dustin L., Laura A. Schifman, and William D. Shuster. "Widespread loss of intermediate soil horizons in urban landscapes." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 26 (June 11, 2018): 6751–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1800305115.

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Soils support terrestrial ecosystem function and therefore are critical urban infrastructure for generating ecosystem services. Urbanization processes modify ecosystem function by changing the layers of soils identified as soil horizons. Soil horizons are integrative proxies for suites of soil properties and as such can be used as an observable unit to track modifications within soil profiles. Here, in an analysis of 11 cities representing 10 of the 12 soil orders, we show that urban soils have ∼50% fewer soil horizons than preurban soils. Specifically, B horizons were much less common in urban soils and were replaced by a deepening of A horizons and a shallowing of C horizons. This shift is likely due to two processes: (i) local management, i.e., soil removal, mixing, and fill additions, and (ii) soil development timelines, i.e., urbanized soils are young and have had short time periods for soil horizon development since urbanization (decades to centuries) relative to soil formation before urbanization (centuries to millennia). Urban soils also deviated from the standard A-B-C horizon ordering at a much greater frequency than preurban soils. Overall, our finding of common shifts in urban soil profiles across soil orders and cities suggests that urban soils may function differently from their preurban antecedents. This work introduces a basis for improving our understanding of soil modifications by urbanization and its potential effects on ecosystem functioning and thereby has implications for ecosystem services derived from urban landscapes.

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29

Rendueles, Olaya, Peter C. Zee, Iris Dinkelacker, Michaela Amherd, Sébastien Wielgoss, and Gregory J. Velicer. "Rapid and widespread de novo evolution of kin discrimination." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 29 (July 6, 2015): 9076–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1502251112.

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Diverse forms of kin discrimination, broadly defined as alteration of social behavior as a function of genetic relatedness among interactants, are common among social organisms from microbes to humans. However, the evolutionary origins and causes of kin-discriminatory behavior remain largely obscure. One form of kin discrimination observed in microbes is the failure of genetically distinct colonies to merge freely upon encounter. Here, we first use natural isolates of the highly social bacterium Myxococcus xanthus to show that colony-merger incompatibilities can be strong barriers to social interaction, particularly by reducing chimerism in multicellular fruiting bodies that develop near colony-territory borders. We then use experimental laboratory populations to test hypotheses regarding the evolutionary origins of kin discrimination. We show that the generic process of adaptation, irrespective of selective environment, is sufficient to repeatedly generate kin-discriminatory behaviors between evolved populations and their common ancestor. Further, we find that kin discrimination pervasively evolves indirectly between allopatric replicate populations that adapt to the same ecological habitat and that this occurs generically in many distinct habitats. Patterns of interpopulation discrimination imply that kin discrimination phenotypes evolved via many diverse genetic mechanisms and mutation-accumulation patterns support this inference. Strong incompatibility phenotypes emerged abruptly in some populations but strengthened gradually in others. The indirect evolution of kin discrimination in an asexual microbe is analogous to the indirect evolution of reproductive incompatibility in sexual eukaryotes and linguistic incompatibility among human cultures, the commonality being indirect, noncoordinated divergence of complex systems evolving in isolation.

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30

Bhogal, Pervinder, Levansri Makalanda, Ameer E. Hassan, Dave Fiorella, Tommy Andersson, Muhammad Ahmad, Hansjörg Bäzner, Ounali Jaffer, and Hans Henkes. "COVID-19 and Delayed Cerebral Ischemia—More in Common Than First Meets the Eye." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 12 (June 16, 2021): 2646. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10122646.

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Since the arrival of the global COVID-19 pandemic scientists around the world have been working to understand the pathological mechanisms resulting from infection. There has gradually been an understanding that COVID-19 triggers a widespread endotheliopathy and that this can result in a widespread thrombosis and in particular a microthrombosis. The mechanisms involved in the microthrombosis are not confined to infection and there is evidence that patients with aneurysmal sub-arachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) also suffer from an endotheliopathy and microthrombosis. In this article we attempt to shed light on similarities in the underlying processes involved in both diseases and suggest potential treatment options.

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31

Li, Shuai, Paul G. Lucey, Abigail A. Fraeman, Andrew R. Poppe, Vivian Z. Sun, Dana M. Hurley, and Peter H. Schultz. "Widespread hematite at high latitudes of the Moon." Science Advances 6, no. 36 (September 2020): eaba1940. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aba1940.

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Hematite (Fe2O3) is a common oxidization product on Earth, Mars, and some asteroids. Although oxidizing processes have been speculated to operate on the lunar surface and form ferric iron–bearing minerals, unambiguous detections of ferric minerals forming under highly reducing conditions on the Moon have remained elusive. Our analyses of the Moon Mineralogy Mapper data show that hematite, a ferric mineral, is present at high latitudes on the Moon, mostly associated with east- and equator-facing sides of topographic highs, and is more prevalent on the nearside than the farside. Oxygen delivered from Earth’s upper atmosphere could be the major oxidant that forms lunar hematite. Hematite at craters of different ages may have preserved the oxygen isotopes of Earth’s atmosphere in the past billions of years. Future oxygen isotope measurements can test our hypothesis and may help reveal the evolution of Earth’s atmosphere.

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32

Symula, R., J. S. Keogh, and D. C. Cannatella. "Ancient phylogeographic divergence in southeastern Australia among populations of the widespread common froglet, Crinia signifera." Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 47, no. 2 (May 2008): 569–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2008.01.011.

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33

Brodo, Irwin M., and William Louis Culberson. "Haematomma pustulatum, sp. nov. (Ascomycotina, Haematommataceae): A Common, Widespread, Sterile Lichen of Eastern North America." Bryologist 89, no. 3 (1986): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3243284.

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34

Raloff, Janet. "Environment: Amoebas common in drinking water: Study finds widespread contamination could be a health risk." Science News 179, no. 5 (February 18, 2011): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/scin.5591790507.

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35

Freeland, Joanna R., Michael May, Rebecca Lodge, and Kelvin F. Conrad. "Genetic diversity and widespread haplotypes in a migratory dragonfly, the common green darner Anax junius." Ecological Entomology 28, no. 4 (July 28, 2003): 413–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2311.2003.00521.x.

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36

Bergerot, Benjamin, Thomas Merckx, Hans Van Dyck, and Michel Baguette. "Habitat fragmentation impacts mobility in a common and widespread woodland butterfly: do sexes respond differently?" BMC Ecology 12, no. 1 (2012): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1472-6785-12-5.

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37

Molina, Omar Franklin, Zeila Coelho Santos, Bruno Ricardo Huber Simião, Sonia Maria Paiva Torres, Ricardo Léllis Marçal, and Vanessa Bastos Penoni. "Pain is more widespread and referred to trigeminal areas in occipital neuralgia." Revista Neurociências 22, no. 3 (September 30, 2014): 438–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.34024/rnc.2014.v22.8072.

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Objetctive. Evaluate local and referred pain in occipital neuralgia. Method. Charts review of 32 occipital neuralgia, 16 migraine without aura and 102 tension-type headache individuals, respectively. Criteria for craniomandibular disorders, bruxism, headaches. Questionnaires to assess pain sites and descriptors for headaches. Results. Common areas of local/referred pain in occipital neuralgia were the temporal, frontal, occipital, sub-occipital, retro-orbital, cervical and vertex (78.1% cases). Common areas of referred pain in tension-type headache were located in the bilateral temporal and frontal areas (65=63.7%). Other areas of referred pain in tension-type headache were the cervical, vertex, sub-occipital and parietal areas (21.6%). Common areas of local and referred pain in migraine (62.5%) were located in the right anterior temporal area, right anterior temporal, parietal and occipital, left anterior temporal and parietal area, frontal and cervical areas. The median of painful anatomic zones were occipital neuralgia 3.5, tension-type headache 2.0, migraine 2.0; and Controls 0.5 (Kruskal-Wallis statistics with post-test p<0.0001). Conclusions. Pain in occipital neuralgia was reported in a more widespread anatomic area and in more anatomic zones as compared to migraine and tension-type headache. The latter was reported usually bilaterally in the frontal and temporal areas.

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38

Manandhar, Sabina, Paul P. Cook, Michael D. Schwartz, and Heather M. Duncan. "138. Focused Outpatient Antibiograms: Time for Widespread Implementation?" Open Forum Infectious Diseases 7, Supplement_1 (October 1, 2020): S80—S81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofaa439.183.

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Abstract Background Significant antimicrobial use occurs in outpatient settings, making this an important area for expanding stewardship. Data show over 260 million annual prescriptions in the U.S. Family practitioners prescribed the most antibiotic courses (24%)1. Urinary Tract Infections (UTI) comprise one of the most common indications for antibiotics. In this study, antibiogram data were compiled for urinary isolates of E coli collected from all outpatients as well as Family Medicine-specific (FM) clinics in an academic medical center in Eastern NC. The objective is to identify susceptibility variations for E. coli from urine isolates specific to combined outpatient and academic FM clinics compared to composite non-intensive care unit (ICU) data. Also, assess impact of providers’ knowledge/access to a focused antibiogram on choice of empiric therapy. Methods Data were electronically obtained from the microbiology laboratory at Vidant Health (VH), a large regional system serving over 1.4 million people from 29 counties in Eastern NC. All urine cultures with E. coli from 9/2018 - 9/2019 were included. Two focused antibiograms were then developed via MedMind. A pre and post intervention survey was conducted with FM practitioners, including residents. Intervention was defined as a brief talk to educate providers about variations identified via focused antibiograms. Survey results were compared to assess for intent to change practice. Results Pre-survey data are noted in Figure 1. Post-survey changes are described in Figure 2 noting that 100% of respondents now felt a need to have access to focused antibiogram data. There were 1107 E coli urinary isolates for all outpatients and 104 for FM clinics only. Figure 3 highlights key differences in antibiogram data, especially enhanced susceptibilities for common antibiotics in FM-specific clinics when compared to composite institutional data. Pre-Intervention Survey Post-Intervention Survey Comparison of Antibiogram Conclusion Composite hospital antibiograms may not be optimal for determining empiric UTI treatment in the community and antibiotic selections thought to be suboptimal in an institution may be effective in outpatient settings. Thus, antibiograms developed specifically for outpatient clinics, especially in academic centers, have potential to greatly enhance appropriate care. Disclosures Paul P. Cook, MD, Contrafect (Grant/Research Support, Scientific Research Study Investigator)Gilead (Grant/Research Support, Scientific Research Study Investigator)Leonard-Meron (Grant/Research Support, Scientific Research Study Investigator)Lilly (Grant/Research Support, Scientific Research Study Investigator)

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Almalik, Abdulrahman, Aynaa Alsharidi, Mohammed Al-Sheef, and Mushirah Enani. "Disseminated Abdominal Hydatidosis: A Rare Presentation of Common Infectious Disease." Case Reports in Infectious Diseases 2014 (2014): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/164787.

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Hydatid disease is one of the most geographically widespread zoonoses with substantial disease burden. In this report we are discussing an unusual case of intra-abdominal HD that was ongoing for 22 years despite two surgical interventions. Significant symptomatic relief was achieved within the first two months of combination therapy with albendazole and praziquantel. HD is still of public health concern in the Middle East that needs optimized care.

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Brown, Cecil H., Charles R. Clement, Patience Epps, Eike Luedeling, and Søren Wichmann. "The Paleobiolinguistics of the Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)." Ethnobiology Letters 5 (October 2, 2014): 104–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.14237/ebl.5.2014.203.

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Paleobiolinguistics is used to determine when and where the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) developed significance for prehistoric groups of Native America. Dates and locations of proto-languages for which common bean terms reconstruct generally accord with crop-origin and dispersal information from plant genetics and archaeobotany. Paleobiolinguistic and other lines of evidence indicate that human interest in the common bean became significant primarily with the widespread development of a village‐farming way of life in the New World rather than earlier when squash and maize and a few other crops became important.

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Hung, Chih-Ming, Sergei V. Drovetski, and Robert M. Zink. "Recent allopatric divergence and niche evolution in a widespread Palearctic bird, the common rosefinch (Carpodacus erythrinus)." Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 66, no. 1 (January 2013): 103–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2012.09.012.

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Piirainen, Elisabeth. "Folk Narratives and Legends as Sources of Widespread Idioms: Toward a Lexicon of Common Figurative Units." Folklore: Electronic Journal of Folklore 48 (2011): 117–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.7592/fejf2011.48.piirainen.

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Norman, David, Robert J. Harris, and Stuart E. Newson. "Producing regional estimates of population size for common and widespread breeding birds from national monitoring data." Bird Study 59, no. 1 (February 2012): 10–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00063657.2011.623766.

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Stehlik, Romana, and Jan Ulfberg. "(Neuro)Inflammatory Component May Be a Common Factor in Chronic Widespread Pain and Restless Legs Syndrome." Current Sleep Medicine Reports 6, no. 3 (August 24, 2020): 121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40675-020-00180-0.

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Livingston, Michael D., Vikram V. Bhargav, Andy J. Turko, Jonathan M. Wilson, and Patricia A. Wright. "Widespread use of emersion and cutaneous ammonia excretion in Aplocheiloid killifishes." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 285, no. 1884 (August 15, 2018): 20181496. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.1496.

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The invasion of land required amphibious fishes to evolve new strategies to avoid toxic ammonia accumulation in the absence of water flow over the gills. We investigated amphibious behaviour and nitrogen excretion strategies in six phylogenetically diverse Aplocheiloid killifishes ( Anablepsoides hartii, Cynodonichthys hildebrandi, Rivulus cylindraceus , Kryptolebias marmoratus, Fundulopanchax gardneri , and Aplocheilus lineatus ) in order to determine if a common strategy evolved . All species voluntarily emersed (left water) over several days, and also in response to environmental stressors (low O 2 , high temperature). All species were ammoniotelic in water and released gaseous ammonia (NH 3 volatilization) during air exposure as the primary route for nitrogen excretion. Metabolic depression, urea synthesis, and/or ammonia accumulation during air exposure were not common strategies used by these species. Immunostaining revealed the presence of ammonia-transporting Rhesus proteins (Rhcg1 and Rhcg2) in the skin of all six species, indicating a shared mechanism for ammonia volatilization. We also found Rhcg in the skin of several other fully aquatic fishes, implying that cutaneous ammonia excretion is not exclusive to amphibious fishes. Overall, our results demonstrate that similar nitrogen excretion strategies while out of water were used by all killifish species tested; possibly the result of shared ancestral amphibious traits, phenotypic convergence, or a combination of both.

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Bainard, Jillian D., and Steven G. Newmaster. "Endopolyploidy in Bryophytes: Widespread in Mosses and Absent in Liverworts." Journal of Botany 2010 (June 29, 2010): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/316356.

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Endopolyploidy occurs when DNA replication is not followed by mitotic nuclear division, resulting in tissues or organisms with nuclei of varying ploidy levels. Endopolyploidy appears to be a common phenomenon in plants, though the prevalence of endopolyploidy has not been determined in bryophytes (including mosses and liverworts). Forty moss species and six liverwort species were analyzed for the degree of endopolyploidy using flow cytometry. Nuclei were extracted in LB01 buffer and stained with propidium iodide. Of the forty moss species, all exhibited endopolyploid nuclei (mean cycle value =0.65±0.038) except for the Sphagnum mosses (mean cycle value =0). None of the liverwort species had endopolyploid nuclei (mean cycle value = 0.04 ± 0.014). As bryophytes form a paraphyletic grade leading to the tracheophytes, understanding the prevalence and role of endopolyploidy in this group is important.

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Shapcott, A., R. W. Lamont, and A. Thomson. "How do rare Boronia species differ from their more widespread congeners?" Australian Journal of Botany 53, no. 2 (2005): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt03183.

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The vulnerable Boronia keysii Domin. (Rutaceae; BK) and the rare B. rivularis White. (BR), endemic to the Sunshine Coast region of Queensland, and the more widespread B. safrolifera Cheel. (BS) and B. falcifolia (BF), were studied. The taxonomic distinctiveness between the morphologically similar B. rivularis and its more southern congener B. safrolifera had previously been in question. This study clearly confirmed the long genetic separation of these two species. High levels of reproductive activity (%R) were observed in both of the threatened species (B. keysii: %R = 84; B. rivularis: %R = 66), which were also found to differ fundamentally in response to fire (obligate seed regenerators) from the more widespread species (facultative resprouters). Genetic diversity was not consistently related to rarity since B. keysii (vulnerable; He = 0.282) and B. falcifolia (common; He = 0.294) had significantly (P < 0.05) higher genetic diversity than did B. rivularis (rare; He = 0.155) and B. safrolifera (common; He = 0.197). There was no relationship between population differentiation and geographic distribution of species since B. keysii (FST = 0.293) and B. safrolifera (FST = 0.283) exhibited lower between-population diversity than did B. rivularis (FST = 0.360) and B. falcifolia (FST = 0.324). The average number of migrants per generation was less than one in all species (Nm = 0.604 for BK; 0.444 for BR; 0.634 for BS; 0.522 for BF). All four species are effectively inbred; however, B. keysii (F = 0.85) and B. falcifolia (F = 0.90) had significantly (P < 0.05) higher levels of inbreeding than did B. rivularis (F = 0.621) and B. safrolifera (F = 0.472), indicating that inbreeding was not determined by conservation status.

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Preiss, Werner, and Holger Jeske. "Multitasking in Replication Is Common among Geminiviruses." Journal of Virology 77, no. 5 (March 1, 2003): 2972–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.77.5.2972-2980.2003.

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ABSTRACT Geminiviruses package single-stranded circular DNA and replicate via double-stranded DNA intermediates. During the past decade, increasing evidence has led to the general acceptance that their replication follows a rolling-circle replication mechanism like bacteriophages with single-stranded DNA. In a recent study, we showed that this is also true for Abutilon mosaic geminivirus (AbMV), but that this particular virus may also use a recombination-dependent replication (RDR) route in analogy to T4 phages. Because AbMV is a special case, since it has been propagated on ornamental plants for more than a hundred years, it was interesting to determine whether RDR is common among other geminiviruses. We analyzed geminiviruses from different genera and geographic origins by using BND cellulose chromatography in combination with an improved high resolution two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, and we conclude that multitasking in replication is widespread, at least for African cassava mosaic, Beet curly top, Tomato golden mosaic, and Tomato yellow leaf curl virus.

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Abe, Kenji, Tomoko Inami, Kazue Asano, Chiaki Miyoshi, Naohiko Masaki, Shigeki Hayashi, Ko-ichi Ishikawa, et al. "TT Virus Infection Is Widespread in the General Populations from Different Geographic Regions." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 37, no. 8 (1999): 2703–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.37.8.2703-2705.1999.

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By PCR screening, we found an extremely high prevalence of TT virus (TTV) in the general populations from different geographic regions. This suggests that TTV may be a common DNA virus with no clear disease association in humans. TTV genotyping by phylogenetic analysis was also performed.

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Nieto, F., M. Pilar Mata, B. Bauluz, G. Giorgetti, P. Árkai, and D. R. Peacor. "Retrograde diagenesis, a widespread process on a regional scale." Clay Minerals 40, no. 1 (March 2005): 93–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/0009855054010158.

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AbstractPelitic and basic rocks occurring within prograde sequences in Portugal, Spain and Hungary have been studied by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The minerals formed in typical prograde reactions define the general sequences, but smectite, chlorite-smectite (corrensite) and/or berthierine were found to have replaced chlorite, whereas kaolinite and mixed-layer illite-smectite replaced illite-muscovite. Alteration occurred under conditions normally associated with diagenesis, subsequent to regional metamorphism, and we therefore refer to such processes with the term “retrograde diagenesis”. In the cases studied and in other cited examples, reactions occurred on a regional basis via pervasive fluids under open-system conditions inferred to be related to tectonic stress. The observed alterations could generally not be inferred from XRD data, although the presence of pure smectite in sediments other than bentonite is suggestive of retrograde relations, especially where other minerals are consistent with a higher grade of diagenesis. Retrograde diagenesis is readily observed through imaging of textures by TEM, however. Textural features show that retrograde reactions are more common than generally assumed, and that care should be used in interpreting geological events where appropriate textural relations are not seen.

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