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Academic literature on the topic 'Wide Angle Reflection'

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Published: 11 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Wide Angle Reflection"

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Shiraishi, Kazuya, Gou Fujie, Takeshi Sato, Susumu Abe, Eiichi Asakawa, and Shuichi Kodaira. "Interferometric OBS imaging for wide-angle seismic data." GEOPHYSICS 82, no. 5 (September 1, 2017): Q39—Q51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2016-0482.1.

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Marine wide-angle seismic data obtained using air guns and ocean-bottom seismographs (OBSs) are effective for determining large-scale subseafloor seismic velocities, but they are ineffective for imaging details of shallow seismic reflection structures because of poor illumination. Surface-related multiple reflections offer the potential to enlarge the OBS data illumination area. We have developed a new seismic imaging method for OBS surveys applying seismic interferometry, a technique that uses surface-related multiples similarly to mirror imaging. Seismic interferometry can use higher order multiple reflections than mirror imaging, which mainly uses first-order multiple reflections. A salient advantage of interferometric OBS imaging over mirror imaging is that it requires only single-component data, whereas mirror imaging requires vertical geophone and hydrophone components to separate upgoing and downgoing wavefields. We applied interferometric OBS imaging to actual 175 km long wide-angle OBS data acquired in the Nankai Trough subduction zone. We obtained clear continuous reflection images in the deep and shallow parts including the seafloor from the OBS data acquired with large spacing. Deconvolution interferometry is more suitable than correlation interferometry to improve spatial resolution because of the effects of spectral division when applied to common receiver gathers. We examined the imaging result dependence on data acquisition and processing parameters considering the data quality and target depth. An air-gun-to-OBS distance of up to 50 km and a record length of 80 s were necessary for better imaging. In addition, our decimation tests confirmed that denser OBS spacing yielded better quality and higher resolution images. Understanding crosstalk effects due to the acquisition setting will be useful to optimize methods for eliminating them. Interferometric OBS imaging merged with conventional primary reflection imaging is a powerful method for revealing crustal structures.
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Zhu, Xinfa, and George A. McMechan. "Amplitude and phase versus angle for elastic wide-angle reflections in the τ‐p domain." GEOPHYSICS 80, no. 1 (January 1, 2015): N1—N9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2013-0191.1.

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Near- and postcritical spherical-wave reflections contain amplitude and phase variations with incident angle that are not predicted by plane-wave solutions. However, if a spherical wavefield is decomposed into plane waves by a time-intercept-slowness ([Formula: see text]) transform, then plane-wave reflection coefficients (the Zoeppritz) can be used as the basis of amplitude/phase versus angle analysis. The spherical-wave effects on reflection coefficients near the critical angle (in the time-offset domain) were decomposed by [Formula: see text] transformation into plane waves. Kinematic ray tracing linked the reflection angle at the target reflector and the apparent slowness at the surface receiver, which enabled extracting the amplitude/phase versus angle data at the reflector from the surface [Formula: see text] data. The most reliable inversion results were obtained by combining the extracted amplitudes and phases in a composite inversion for the elastic parameters below the target reflector.
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Rendleman, C. A., and F. K. Levin. "Reflection maxima for reflections from single interfaces." GEOPHYSICS 53, no. 2 (February 1988): 271–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1442462.

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At a workshop on refraction and wide‐angle reflections, Hilterman (1985) pointed out that, in contrast to the plane‐wave case, when there is a point source, a P-wave reflected from a plane interface attains its maximum amplitude at an offset greater than that corresponding to the critical angle (Figure 1). The same conclusion had been drawn earlier by Červený (1967). However, neither Červený’s results, which were based on very complicated mathematical expressions derived by Brekhovskikh (1960), nor Hilterman’s computer‐generated data shed light on the physics implied by the shifted maximum.
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Chang, Ya-Chun, Wei-Feng Xu, Meng-Chieh Wu, Cyun-Tai Hong, and Chen-Kuan Kuo. "P‐29: Wide Visual Angle Anti‐Reflection Film." SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers 51, no. 1 (August 2020): 1442–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sdtp.14159.

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Sava, Paul, and Ioan Vlad. "Wide-azimuth angle gathers for wave-equation migration." GEOPHYSICS 76, no. 3 (May 2011): S131—S141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.3560519.

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Extended common-image-point (CIP) gathers contain all of the necessary information for decomposition of reflectivity as a function of the reflection and azimuth angles at selected locations in the subsurface. This decomposition operates after the imaging condition applied to wavefields reconstructed by any type of wide-azimuth migration method, e.g., using downward continuation or time reversal. The reflection and azimuth angles are derived from the extended images using analytic relations between the space-lag and time-lag extensions. The transformation amounts to a linear Radon transform applied to the CIPs obtained after applying the extended imaging condition. If information about the reflector dip is available at the CIP locations, then only two components of the space-lag vectors are required, thus reducing computational cost and increasing the affordability of the method. Applications of this method include the study of subsurface illumination in areas of complex geology where ray-based methods are not usable and the study of amplitude variation with reflection and azimuth angles if the subsurface illumination is sufficiently dense. Migration velocity analysis could also be implemented in the angle domain, although an equivalent implementation in the extended domain is less costly and more effective.
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Khalaj-Amirhosseini, Mohammad, and Sayed Mohammad Javad Razavi. "WIDE-ANGLE REFLECTION WAVE POLARIZERS USING INHOMOGENEOUS PLANAR LAYERS." Progress In Electromagnetics Research M 9 (2009): 9–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2528/pierm09070301.

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Estakhri, Nasim Mohammadi, Verena Neder, Mark W. Knight, Albert Polman, and Andrea Alù. "Visible Light, Wide-Angle Graded Metasurface for Back Reflection." ACS Photonics 4, no. 2 (February 3, 2017): 228–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.6b00965.

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Goldman, Ph.D., Laine. "Appreciative Reflection: A Wide-Angle Lens for Changing Perception." AI Practitioner 16, no. 3 (August 1, 2014): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.12781/978-1-907549-20-5-8.

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Chartas, George, and Sarah Strickland. "Wide-Angle Quasar Feedback." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 11, S319 (August 2015): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921315010145.

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AbstractWe present results from the detection of relativistic winds launched near the innermost stable circular orbits of supermassive black holes. A recent detection of a powerful wind in the X-ray-bright narrow absorption line (NAL) z=1.51 quasar HS 0810+2554 strengthens the case that quasars play a significant role in feedback. In both deep Chandra and XMM-Newton observations of HS 0810 we detected blueshifted absorption lines implying outflowing velocities ranging from 0.1c and 0.4c. The presence of both an emission line at 6.8 keV and an absorption line at 7.8 keV in the spectral line profile of HS 0810 is a characteristic feature of a P-Cygni profile supporting the presence of an expanding outflowing highly ionized Fe absorber. A hard excess component is detected in the XMM-Newton observation of HS 0810 possibly originating from reflection off the disk. Modelling of the XMM-Newton spectrum constrains the inclination angle to be < 35° (68% confidence). The presence of relativistic winds in both low inclination angle NAL quasars as well as in high inclination angle BAL quasars implies that the solid angle of quasar winds may be quite large. The larger solid angle of quasar winds would also indicate that their contribution to the regulation of the host galaxy may be more important than previously thought.
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Fruehn, Juergen, Moritz M. Fliedner, and Robert S. White. "Integrated wide‐angle and near‐vertical subbasalt study using large‐aperture seismic data from the Faeroe—Shetland region." GEOPHYSICS 66, no. 5 (September 2001): 1340–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1487079.

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Acquiring large‐aperture seismic data (38 km maximum offset) along a profile crossing the Faeroe—Shetland basin in the North Atlantic enables us to use wide‐angle reflections and refractions, in addition to conventional streamer data (0–6 km), for subbasalt imaging. The wide‐angle results are complemented and confirmed by images obtained from the conventional near‐vertical‐offset range. Traveltime tomography applied to the wide‐angle data shows a low‐velocity layer (3.5–4.5 km/s) underneath southeastward‐thinning lava flows, suggesting a 2.5–3.0‐km‐thick sedimentary layer. The velocity model obtained from traveltime tomography is used to migrate wide‐angle reflections from large offsets that arrive ahead of the water‐wave cone. The migrated image shows base‐basalt and sub—basalt reflections that are locally coincident with the tomographic boundaries. Application of a new multiple suppression technique and controlled stacking of the conventional streamer data produces seismic sections consistent with the wide‐angle results. Prestack depth migration of the near‐vertical offsets shows a continuous base‐basalt reflection and a clearly defined termination of the basalt flows.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Wide Angle Reflection"

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Harsha, Senusi Mohamed. "Interpretation of Southern Georgia coastal plain velocity structure using refraction and wide-angle reflection methods." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/25886.

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Hananto, Nugroho. "Architecture and Evolution of North Sumatra Subduction Zone based on long Offset Seismic Reflection and Wide Angle Seismic Refraction / Reflection Data." Institut de physique du globe (Paris), 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011GLOB1203.

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Oueity, Jounada. "Near-vertical and wide-angle seismic reflection studies of the Moho and sub-crustal lithosphere in NW Canada." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28903.

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High quality, coincident near-vertical incidence (NVI) and refraction/wide-angle seismic reflection data (R/WAR) acquired along a profile in the Northwest Territories are used to study the nature of the Moho and subcrustal reflectors. First, we re-examine distinct subhorizontal reflections on NVI data in the uppermost mantle that were interpreted previously as a separate feature from a relict subducted slab. Using forward and inverse traveltime modeling of both data sets along the crooked line, we investigate the origin of the reflections. Our results demonstrate that the subhorizontal reflectors are the continuation of the relict subducted slab, which extends laterally for 300 km at depths from 35 to 90 km. Its base is the source of the R/WAR reflections. The apparent flattening is an artifact of projecting a 3-D geometry onto a 2-D cross section. The shallowly subducted slab probably contributed to the thickening and stabilization of the sub-crustal lithosphere in the region. Second, we examine the detailed structure of the Moho and propose a possible scenario for its formation and evolution. Strong Moho reflections are observed on the NVI data (shot gathers and stacked section). The WA data are characterized by a ~0.5 s coda trailing the PmP (Moho) phase. For analysis of these observed data, we follow two approaches, forward and inverse modeling. In forward modeling, we calculate wide-angle and near-vertical synthetic seismograms using 1- and 2-D wave propagation algorithms. Comparison between synthetic and observed data for shot gathers was made possible through development of a novel noise-removal technique using the curvelet transform. For the inverse method, we use a statistical analysis approach based on the von Karman autocorrelation function. Our results indicate that the Moho is a finite-thickness (~3 km), heterogeneous transition zone. The heterogeneities can be described by laterally discontinuous layering, lamellae structure with randomly distributed ellipses or a von Karman distribution with a lateral correlation length of 936 m. The transition zone separates the lower crust with a lateral correlation length of 732 m from the uppermost mantle with a correlation length of 261 m. The Moho is interpreted as a thermal/metamorphic front, a regional décollement, or both.
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Hughes, Stephen. "Crustal structure of northeastern North America : results from the Ontario-New York-New England seismic refraction/wide-angle reflection experiment." Thesis, University of Leicester, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/35043.

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The Ontario-New York-New England seismic refraction/wide-angle reflection profile was acquired to investigate the deep structural interrelationships between the southeastern Grenville province and the western New England Appalachians. The Grenville province is characterized by 45 km thick crust, with an average crustal seismic velocity of 6.6 km/s and a Poisson's ratio of 0.28+0.01. In the mid-crust a laminated dome-like body is inferred to be composed of mafic cumulate sills on the basis of its high velocity (7.1 km/s) and Poisson's ratio (0.27). The lower crust is characterized by a velocity of 7.0 km/s which suggests a strongly mafic composition such as garnet pyroxene granulite. The Moho is a variable feature, characterized by en-echelon reflections suggestive of compositional interlayering. An anomalous mantle layer with a velocity of 8.6 km/s is proposed to represent an eclogized basaltic layer added to the lithosphere during Grenvillian orogenesis. The boundary between the Grenvillian craton and the western New England Appalachians is marked by an eastward dipping ramp structure which penetrates to a depth of 25 km where it soles out above a transitional mid-lower crustal interface. The New England Appalachians are characterized by an average crustal velocity of 6.4 km/s and a sharply reflective Moho delineating crustal thinning from 41 km to 37 km towards the Atlantic margin. The lower crustal velocity is 6.8 km/s, with a Poisson's ratio of 0.26+0.01. In contrast to the Grenvillian craton the seismic properties of the Appalachian lower crust are consistent with an intermediate composition interlaced with mafic sills related to extensional underplating and intrusion during the rifting of the Atlantic Ocean.
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Meléndez, i. Catalán Adrià. "Development of a New Parallel Code for 3-D Joint Refraction and Reflection Travel-Time Tomography of Wide-Angle Seismic Data. Synthetic and Real Data Applications to the Study of Subduction Zones." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/289786.

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This dissertation is devoted to seismic tomography. I have implemented a new modelling tool for 3-D joint refraction and reflection travel-time tomography of wide-angle seismic data (TOMO3D). The reason behind this central objective is the evidence that the information based on 2-D seismic data does not allow to capture the structural complexity of many 3-D targets, and in particular that of the seismogenic zone in subduction margins. The scientific rationale for this statement, which justifies the central part of my thesis work, is based on the analysis of 2-D models obtained in the convergent margin of Nicaragua, a seismically active area where a textbook example of tsunami earthquake took place in 1992. In this application I modelled two perpendicular wide-angle seismic profiles for the characterisation of the overriding plate and the interplate fault. To do this, I applied TOMO2D, a state-of-the-art joint refraction and reflection 2-D travel-time tomography code. The inversion outcomes are two 2-D velocity models along both profiles, together with the 1-D geometry of the interplate boundary. In combination with other geophysical data measurements, namely coincident multichannel seismic profiles and gravity data, these models provide new constraints on the nature and structure of the margin, and in particular add new insights on the nucleation and propagation of the said earthquake and its tsunamigenic behaviour. Ultimately, this case study evidences the aforementioned limitations of 2-D modelling in the investigation of 3-D geological structures and phenomena. Following from this first application and with the idea of increasing the amount of data used in travel-time tomography, I focused on an a priori paradoxical phenomenon related to water-layer multiple phases, that under certain circumstances, is observed on wide-angle record sections. The interest of this study lies in the fact that this phenomenon can provide additional constraints on travel-time tomography models. First, I propose and corroborate the hypothesis explaining the apparent paradox, and then derive the most favourable geological conditions for the phenomenon to occur. Subsequently, the possibility to model this multiple-like phases is introduced in TOMO3D. The development of TOMO3D, which constitutes the core of my work, is founded on TOMO2D, from which it inherits the numerical methods for solving the forward and inverse problems. Source files have been rewritten, redefining and introducing the necessary variables and functions to handle 3-D data inversion. The tests made with the sequential version of the code emphasise the need of parallelisation for practicality reasons. Indeed, the increasing size of data sets along with the modelling of the additional spatial dimension results in computationally demanding inversions. Hence, I parallelised the forward modelling part of the code, which takes up to 90% of the computing time, with a combination of multiprocessing and message-passing interface extensions. Subsequently, the parallel version of TOMO3D is applied to a complex synthetic case simulating a subduction zone. This first 3-D application serves to evaluate the correctness of the code's programming, and as step-by-step description of the modelling procedure, with particular attention on the layer-stripping strategy used to successively model several reflectors. The outcomes demonstrate the ability of the code and the chosen inversion strategy to accurately recover the velocity distribution and the geometry of the two reflectors. Finally, TOMO3D is applied to a real 3-D wide-angle seismic data set acquired at the Pacific margin of Ecuador and Colombia to extract a 3-D velocity model of the overriding and incoming plates, which is then compared to previous results obtained with an extensively tested and used 3-D refraction travel-time tomography code (FAST). The comparison indicates that TOMO3D is more accurate than FAST but at the same time it is computationally more demanding. However, the parallelisation of TOMO3D allows using high-performance computing facilities, which is not the case of FAST or most of the existing codes.
Aquesta tesi està dedicada a la tomografia sísmica. Concretament, he implementat una eina de modelització 3D per a la tomografia conjunta de temps de trajecte de refraccions i reflexions (TOMO3D). La raó darrere d'aquest objectiu és l'evidència de que la informació basada en dades sísmiques 2D no permet copsar la complexitat de gran part dels cossos geològics, i en particular de la zona sismogènica en marges de subducció. El desenvolupament del TOMO3D es basa en el TOMO2D, un codi d'avantguarda per a la tomografia conjunta de refraccions i reflexions en 2D. Els arxius de codi han estat reescrits, redefinint i introduint les funcions necessàries per dur a terme la inversió 3D. Els testos fets amb la versió seqüencial del codi posen de manifest la necessitat de paral·lelització ja que l'increment de la mida dels conjunts de dades així com la modelització de la dimensió espacial afegida fan que les inversions siguin computacionalment exigents. La versió paral·lelitzada del TOMO3D ha sigut aplicada a un cas sintètic complex que simula una zona de subducció. Aquesta primera aplicació 3D serveix per avaluar la correcció de la programació del codi, i com a descripció pas a pas del procediment de modelització. Els resultats demostren la capacitat del codi per recuperar acuradament la distribució de velocitat i la geometria dels dos reflectors. Finalment, el TOMO3D és aplicat a un conjunt 3D de dades de sísmica de gran angle adquirit al marge pacífic d'Equador i Colòmbia per extreure'n un model 3D de la velocitat de les plaques cavalcant i subduïda, que és comparat amb el resultat obtingut amb un codi 3D de tomografia de temps de trajecte de refraccions (FAST). La comparació indica que el TOMO3D és més acurat que el FAST però al mateix temps és computacionalment més exigent. Tot i així, la paral·lelització del TOMO3D permet utilitzar plataformes de supercomputació, a diferència del que passa amb el FAST i la majoria de codis existents.
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Biari, Youssef. "Structure profonde de la marge Nord-Ouest Africaine." Thesis, Brest, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BRES0080/document.

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La marge NE Américaine est une des marges les mieux étudiées au monde, elle a fait l’objet de plusieurs études géophysiques. En comparaison, la marge africaine reste peu étudiée car uniquement deux campagnes océanographiques y ont été menées : la campagne Sismar (2001) au large de la Meseta et la campagne Dakhla (2002) au large du Sahara. La structure profonde de la marge canadienne est connue grâce aux profils de sismique grand-angle SMART-1, 2 et 3. Le premier objectif du projet MIRROR était d’acquérir des profils combinant sismique grand-angle et sismique réflexion sur un segment homologue au profil SMART-1. La comparaison entre les segments homologues de ces deux marges ayant pour but de mieux comprendre le mode d’ouverture de l'océan Atlantique Central. Une comparaison entre les modèles Sismar, Dakhla et Mirror montre que la croûte continentale est plus épaisse au nord et s'amincit vers le sud. La largeur de la zone de transition est plus étroite au sud et les profils Sismar sont localisés sur un bassin sédimentaire posé sur une croûte continentale très amincie. La comparaison avec la marge homologue montre que l'épaisseur, la structure de la croûte continentale et la zone d'amincissement sont très semblables. Par contre, il existe une zone de manteau exhumé et serpentinisé sur le profil Canadien qui n'a pas d’homologue sur la marge africaine. De plus, l'épaisseur de la croûte océanique est différente avec 8 km sur la côte africaine et seulement 3-4 km sur la marge canadienne. Plusieurs hypothèses ont été proposées pour expliquer cette différence (a) une différence d’âge entre les deux croûtes (b) un épaississement lié au passage du point chaud des Canaries (c) une accrétion asymétrique
The NE American margin represents one of the best studied margins in the world, it was the subject of several scientific programs. In comparison, the conjugate NW African margin remains fairly unknown, only two deep seismic cruises were acquired: the SISMAR cruise (2001) offshore the Meseta and the DAKHLA cruise (2002) offshore the Sahara. The deep structure of the Canadian margin is known due to the SMART wide-angle seismic profiles 1, 2 and 3. The first objective of the MIRROR project was to acquire combined wide-angle and deep reflection seismic data offshore a segment conjugate to the SMART-1 profile. The comparison between the homologous segments of these two margins aimed to better understand the opening mechanism of the Central Atlantic Ocean. A comparison between Sismar, Dakhla and Mirror models shows that the continental crust is thicker in the north and thins toward the south. The width of the transition zone is narrower south and Sismar profiles are located on a sedimentary basin placed on a very thinned continental crust. Comparing the Mirror profile with that of the Canadian conjugate margin (Smart 1) shows that the thickness, the structure of the continental crust and the thinning is very similar. However, zones of exhumed and serpentinized mantle were imaged along the Canadian profile that have no conjugate on the African margin. Moreover, the thickness of the oceanic crust is variable with 8 km on the African side and only 3-4 km on the Canadian margin. Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain this difference (a) an age difference between the two types of crust (b) thickening associated with the passage of the Canary hotspot (c) an asymmetric accretion or (d) an accretion at slow to ultra-slow speading centers
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Bouyahiaoui, Boualem. "Structure profonde et réactivation de la marge est-algérienne et du bassin adjacent (secteur d'Annaba), contraintes par sismique réflexion multitrace et grand-angle terre-mer." Thesis, Nice, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NICE4116/document.

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Dans ce travail de thèse, nous analysons la structure crustale de la marge est-algérienne et du bassin adjacent (région d’Annaba), à partir d’un ensemble de nouvelles données acquises durant la Campagne SPIRAL’2009 incluant un profil sismique terre-mer de ~240 km de long, des lignes sismiques réflexion pénétrante 360-traces, et des profils gravimétriques et magnétiques. Nous avons par ailleurs disposé pour cette étude de données complémentaires incluant notamment un ensemble de profils de sismique réflexion offrant des résolutions complémentaires. La structure crustale ainsi établie nous permet de discuter les nombreux modèles cinématiques d’ouverture du bassin est-algérien proposés dans la littérature, afin de caler dans le temps la formation du bassin par rapport à la collision. Elle permet également de discuter la localisation de la déformation liée à la réactivation de la marge, par rapport aux grands domaines lithosphériques du système marge-bassin, afin de mieux comprendre les modalités de l’inversion. Dans le bassin profond, la modélisation directe des temps d’arrivée et des amplitudes des ondes réfractées et réfléchies met en évidence une croûte océanique anormalement mince de 5-5.5 km d’épaisseur, composée de deux couches. La première, de 2.2 km d’épaisseur, montre des vitesses comprises entre 4.8 à 6.0 km/s impliquant un fort gradient; la seconde de 3.3 km d’épaisseur, présente des vitesses comprises entre 6.0 à 7.1 km/s et un plus faible gradient de vitesse. La modélisation des temps d’arrivées des ondes S fourni pour cette couche un coefficient de Poisson de 0.28, indiquant qu’elle est majoritairement constituée de gabbros
In this study, we determine the deep structure of the eastern Algerian basin and its southern margin in the Annaba region (easternmost Algeria), to better constrain the plate kinematic reconstruction in this region. This study is based on new geophysical data collected during the SPIRAL cruise in 2009 that included a wide-angle, 240-km-long, onshore-offshore seismic profile, multichannel seismic reflection lines, and gravity and magnetic data, which was complemented by the available geophysical data for the study area. The analysis and modeling of the wide-angle seismic data using travel-times and amplitudes, and integrated with the multichannel seismic lines, reveal the detailed structure of an ocean-to-continent transition. In the deep basin, there is an ~5.5-km-thick oceanic crust that is composed of two layers. The upper layer of the crust is defined by a high velocity gradient and P-wave velocities between 4.8 km/s and 6.0 km/s from the top to the bottom. The lower crust is defined by a lower velocity gradient and P-wave velocity between 6.0 km/s and 7.1 km/s. The Poisson ratio in the lower crust deduced from S-wave modeling is 0.28, which indicates that the lower crust is composed mainly of gabbros. Below the continental edge, a typical continental crust with P-wave velocities between 5.2 km/s and 7.0 km/s from the top to the bottom shows a gradual seaward thinning of ~15 km over an ~35-km distance
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Laurencin, Muriel. "Etude de la géométrie, de la nature et des déformations de la zone de subduction des Petites Antilles du Nord." Thesis, Brest, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BRES0096/document.

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Dans les zones de subduction, la géométrie du slab est l'un des paramètres qui contrôle les déformations tectoniques de la marge, le couplage et le potentiel sismogénique. La subduction des Antilles résulte du chevauchement de la plaque Caraïbe vers le NE sur les plaques Amériques, à une vitesse de convergence de 2 cm/an. La sismicité est hétérogène et augmente localement sous la plateforme des Iles Vierges. D’une obliquité croissante vers le nord, cette zone est favorable à un partitionnement dont les déformations sont très peu observées. Ces travaux ont permis de confirmer un substratum d’une affinité de croûte océanique épaissie par un panache mantellique et faiblement épaissi par le magmatisme formant les arcs volcaniques Deux structures accommodant le partitionnement de la déformation ont été mis en évidence. La faille de Bunce est une faille décrochante sénestre de 850 km s’étendant d’Hispaniola jusqu’à Barbuda découplant le prisme d’accrétion du substratum. Le Passage d’Anegada, dont nous avons découvert son extension vers le NE, entaille profondément l’avant-arc. Formé par extension due à la collision du Banc des Bahamas sur le nord de la marge caribéenne, ces structures sont réactivées en décrochement sénestre compatible avec du partitionnement. Les caractéristiques d’une dorsale lente (core complexe et grain océanique) entrant en subduction sont imagées pour la première fois. Elles affectent probablement la morphologie du prisme d’accrétion et le potentiel sismogène. Là où les séismes et les déformations de partitionnement (Passage d’Anegada) s'accentuent localement, le slab est moins profond. Ainsi, le couplage interplaque pourrait augmenter localement et favoriser l'activité sismique et le partitionnement tectonique sous le Passage d'Anegada
In subduction zones, the 3D geometry of the plate interface is one of the key parameters that controls margin tectonic deformation, interplate coupling and seismogenic behavior. The North American plate subducts below the Caribbean plate with a convergence rate of 20 mm/y. The seismic activity is heterogeneous and increases locally under the Virgin Islands platform. The northward increasing convergence obliquity is favorable in partitioning which deformations were not really observed. This PhD confirms that the forearc crust is a crust of oceanic affinity thickened by hotspot magmatism and poorly affected by subduction magmatism. Two structures accommodating the partitioning of the deformation were identified. The Bunce Fault is a 850-kmlength sinistral strike-slip fault extending from Hispaniola to the east of Barbuda decoupling the accretionary prism from the Caribbean substratum. The Anegada Passage, whose extension towards the NE is highlighted, entailed deeply the forearc. The structures are reactivated in sinistral strike-slip faults compatible with the partitioning of the deformation after formation in extension due to the collision of the Bahamas Bank with the northern margin. We image for the first time the characteristics of a slow ridge formation (partly complex core and partly oceanic grain) entering in subduction. It affects the morphology of the accretion prism and probably the seismogenic potential of the subduction interface. We have highlighted a shallower slab which is located under the NE Anegada Passage and where earthquakes and partitioning deformations increase locally. Thus, the shallowing slab might results in a local greater interplate coupling favoring seismic activity and tectonic partitioning beneath the Anegada Passage
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9

Brancatelli, Giuseppe. "Analisi di dati acquisiti con OBS." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trieste, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10077/3458.

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2008/2009
Gli OBS (Ocean Bottom Seismometer) sono ampiamente utilizzati negli studi sismici crostali attraverso l’utilizzo delle registrazioni di onde rifratte e riflesse a grande offset (Wide Angle Reflection/Refraction, WAR/R). L'analisi di questi dati comporta, solitamente, l'impiego di modellistica diretta e/o inversa al fine di giungere alle velocità dei singoli strati e alle profondità delle interfacce. In questa tesi, invece, si presenta un approccio diverso che prevede: 1) costruzione di modelli di velocità dall’analisi dei segnali rifratti; 2) elaborazione dei dati OBS al fine di ottenere immagini sismiche a riflessione. In particolare, gli OBS e gli scoppi sono stati riportati ad uno stesso datum (superficie del mare), utilizzando il Wave Equation Datuming (WED). Dopo il WED è stato possibile applicare l'elaborazione tipica della sismica a riflessione. I profili OBS analizzati sono stati acquisiti nell'area dell'Arco Ellenico e, i risultati ottenuti, hanno permesso di riconoscere le strutture geologiche principali e i meccanismi dell’evoluzione tettonica. L'utilizzo del WED ha migliorato la risoluzione delle sezioni finali rispetto a quanto ottenibile con le correzioni statiche classiche. Per confronto è stata applicata la metodologia WED anche a dati simici ad alta risoluzione a terra, risolvendo problemi di correzioni statiche e di strutturazioni tettoniche apparenti nell'area della Bassa Pianura Friulana.
XXII Ciclo
1979
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10

Leprêtre, Angélique. "Contraintes par imagerie sismique pénétrante sur l'évolution d'une marge Cénozoïque réactivée en compression (cas de la marge algérienne, secteur de Tipaza)." Thesis, Brest, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BRES0079/document.

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L'inversion des marges passives apparaît comme le premier stade vers l'initiation de nouvelles zones de subduction. Cette étape cruciale dans la tectonique des plaques soulève néanmoins encore de nombreuses questions. L'étude des marges actuellement réactivées en compression apparaît ainsi comme essentielle pour mieux comprendre ce processus. Ces marges sont peu nombreuses, situées dans des contextes géodynamiques variés, et les facteurs déterminant leur évolution mal contraints. Située au nord de l'Afrique, la marge algérienne fait partie de ces rares exemples potentiels à travers le monde. L'évolution de cette marge formée au Miocène en contexte d'arrière-arc s'intègre dans le puzzle complexe de l'histoire de la Méditerranée occidentale. Elle est depuis quelques millions d'années réactivée en compression dans le cadre de la convergence lente entre les plaques européenne et africaine, générant un potentiel sismogène fort au nord de l'Algérie. La relative jeunesse du bassin algérien, la charge sédimentaire, les forces aux limites compressives, constituent des conditions favorables à la formation d'une future subduction. A la suite des travaux menés depuis une dizaine d'années, les principales lacunes de connaissances identifiées portent sur (1) la structuration profonde du bassin algérien et de sa marge sud (type de marge, nature du socle,dimension et nature de la transition océan-continent, style et distribution de la déformation compressive), et (2) l'histoire de l'évolution cinématique et géodynamique du bassin, ce qui limite à l'heure actuelle une analyse approfondie des modalités d'inversion de cette marge. L'étude menée se focalise sur la marge centre-algérienne, dans le secteur de Tipaza (à l'ouest d'Alger), un endroit clé pour la compréhension des mécanismes d'ouverture du bassin algérien. Le traitement et l'analyse de nouvelles données de sismique profonde grand-angle et multitraces acquises dans le cadre du projet franco-algérien SPIRAL (Sismique Profonde et Investigations Régionales en Algérie, 2009) ont notamment permis de déterminer la structure crustale du bassin algérien et de sa marge sud, ainsi que la structuration pseudo-3D d'une structure spécifique au secteur d'étude constituée par le haut topographique sous-marin de Khayr-al-Din. L'analyse de la structure profonde de la marge indique un certain nombre de structures héritées de son évolution complexe : (1) une croûte de nature continentale de plus de 15 km d'épaisseur sur le haut de marge (banc de Khayr-al-Din), (2)une croûte fine de nature océanique de 5-6 km d'épaisseur dans le bassin incluant des vitesses légèrement élevées à sa base (7,2 km/s - 7,3 km/s), (3) des similitudes avec des marges formées dans des contextes de déformation transformante, (4) un approfondissement progressif de l'ensemble de la pile sédimentaire et l'épaississement des sédiments Plio-Quaternaire, depuis le bassin profond distal vers le pied de marge,coïncidant avec (5) une flexuration à grande longueur d'onde du socle. Les résultats obtenus apportent de nouvelles contraintes sur (1) la géométrie et la nature de la marge et du bassin, (2) l'évolution de la marge,suggérant une histoire multiphasée comprenant un stade de rifting et/ou d'accrétion océanique, suivi d'un épisode de déformation coulissante tardive liée à la migration du bloc Alboran vers l'ouest, et d'une reprise en compression distribuée du bassin profond au haut de la marge au Plio-Quaternaire; (3) les modalités de réactivation qui se traduisent par des chevauchements aveugles néoformés à pendages sud, notamment au pied du banc de Khayr-al-Din, suggérant un soulèvement du banc de 0,2 mm/an à 0,75 mm/an au Plio-Quaternaire et un début d'écaillage crustal
The inversion of passive margins appears to be one of the first steps towards the initiation of new subduction zones. This crucial step in plate tectonics nevertheless still raises many questions. The study of margins currently reactivated by compressional tectonics is thus essential to better understand this process. These margins are uncommon, located in different geodynamic settings, and the factors determining their evolution are poorly constrained. The Algerian margin, located in North Africa, is one of handful of modern examples worldwide. The evolution of this margin, rifted during the Miocene, in a back-arc setting, is part ofthe complex puzzle of the western Mediterranean. Since a few million years, the margin has suffered inversion and compression in the framework of slow on going convergence between the European and African plates. This convergence generates moderate to strong earthquakes in North Algeria. The relatively young age of the Algerian basin, the large sediment load, and the compressive forces, constitute favorable conditions to the formation of a future subduction zone. Studies from the past ten years indicate, that themain unresolved questions are related to (1) the deep structure of the Algerian basin and its southern margin (the type of margin, the nature of the basement, the dimension and nature of the ocean-continent transition, the style and the distribution of the compressional deformation), and (2) the history of the kinematic and geodynamic evolution of the basin. All of these unknowns have prevented a complete and thorough analysis of modalities of the Algerian margin inversion. This study focuses on the Central Algerian margin, in the area of Tipaza (West of Algiers), a key region to understand the mechanism of the opening of the Algerian basin. Processing and analysis of a deep wide-angle and multichannel seismic new data set acquired in the context of the French-Algerian project SPIRAL (Sismique profonde et Investigation Régionales en Algérie, 2009)have enabled us to determine the crustal structure of the Algerian basin and its southern continental margin,as well as the pseudo-3D structure of a specific feature in the study area: the submarine topographic highformed by the Khayr-al-Din bank. The analysis of the deep structure of the margin reveals features inherited from its complex evolution: (1) a crust of continental nature of more than 15 km thick at the upper margin(Khayr-al-Din Bank), (2) a thin crust of oceanic nature, 5-6 thick in the deep basin, including slightly high velocities at its base (7.2 km/s - 7.3 km/s), (3) similarities with margins formed in context of transform deformation, (4) a progressive deepening of the whole sedimentary cover and the thickening of the Plio-Quaternary sediments, from the distal deep basin towards the margin foot, coeval with (5) a long wavelengthflexuration of the basement in the basin. Results from this study provide new constraints on (1) the geometryand nature of the margin and the basin, (2) the evolution of the margin, suggesting a multiphased history including a stage of rifting and/or oceanic spreading, a transcurrent episode due to the westward migration of the Alboran block, and a diffuse Plio-Quaternary compressional reactivation distributed from the deep basinto the upper margin; (3) the mechanisms of the reactivation marked by newly formed south-dipping blind-thrusts, especially at the foot of the Khayr-al-Din bank, and suggesting a Plio-Quaternary uplift of the bankof 0.2 mm/y to 0.75 mm/y and the early stages of imbricate thrusting of crustal scales
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Books on the topic "Wide Angle Reflection"

1

Yosio, Nakamura, and Geological Survey (U.S.), eds. Onshore-offshore wide-angle seismic recordings from central Oregon: The five-day recorder data. Menlo Park, Calif: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1993.

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Yosio, Nakamura, and Geological Survey (U.S.), eds. Onshore-offshore wide-angle seismic recordings from central Oregon: The five-day recorder data. Menlo Park, Calif: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1993.

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Yosio, Nakamura, and Geological Survey (U.S.), eds. Onshore-offshore wide-angle seismic recordings from central Oregon: The five-day recorder data. Menlo Park, Calif: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1993.

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Yosio, Nakamura, and Geological Survey (U.S.), eds. Onshore-offshore wide-angle seismic recordings from central Oregon: The five-day recorder data. Menlo Park, Calif: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1993.

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Yosio, Nakamura, and Geological Survey (U.S.), eds. Onshore-offshore wide-angle seismic recordings from central Oregon: The five-day recorder data. Menlo Park, Calif: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1993.

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Brocher, Thomas M. Onshore-offshore wide-angle seismic recordings from central Oregon: The five-day recorder data. Menlo Park, Calif: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1993.

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J, Moses Michael, Tréhu Anne Martine, and Geological Survey (U.S.), eds. Onshore-offshore wide-angle seismic recordings from central Oregon: The five-day recorder data. Menlo Park, Calif: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1993.

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J, Moses Michael, Tréhu Anne Martine, and Geological Survey (U.S.), eds. Onshore-offshore wide-angle seismic recordings from central Oregon: The five-day recorder data. Menlo Park, Calif: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1993.

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Yosio, Nakamura, and Geological Survey (U.S.), eds. Onshore-offshore wide-angle seismic recordings from central Oregon: The five-day recorder data. Menlo Park, Calif: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1993.

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J, Moses Michael, Tréhu Anne Martine, and Geological Survey (U.S.), eds. Onshore-offshore wide-angle seismic recordings from central Oregon: The five-day recorder data. Menlo Park, Calif: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1993.

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Book chapters on the topic "Wide Angle Reflection"

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Braile, L. W., and C. S. Chiangl. "The continental Mohorovičič Discontinuity: Results from near-vertical and wide-angle seismic reflection studies." In Reflection Seismology: A Global Perspective, 257–72. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/gd013p0257.

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Mereu, Robert, Dapeng Wang, and Oliver Kuhn. "Evidence for an inactive rift in the Precambrian from a wide-angle reflection survey across the Ottawa-Bonnechere graben." In Reflection Seismology: The Continental Crust, 127–34. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/gd014p0127.

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Ansorge, J., K. Holliger, P. Valasek, S. Ye, P. Finckh, W. Frei, E. Kissling, et al. "Integrated analysis of seismic normal incidence and wide-angle reflection measurements across the eastern Swiss Alps." In Continental Lithosphere: Deep Seismic Reflections, 195–205. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/gd022p0195.

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Mereu, Robert. "The Heterogeneity of the Crust and its Effect on Seismic Wide-Angle Reflection Fields." In Heterogeneity in the Crust and Upper Mantle, 257–79. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0103-9_10.

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Rumpel, Hanna-Maria, Claus Prodehl, Catherine M. Snelson, and G. Randy Keller. "Results of the CD-ROM project seismic refraction/wide-angle reflection experiment: The upper and middle crust." In The Rocky Mountain Region—An Evolving Lithosphere: Tectonics, Geochemistry, and Geophysics, 257–69. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/154gm20.

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Vidal, N., J. Gallart, J. J. Dañobeitia, and J. Diaz. "Mapping the Moho in the Iberian Mediterranean Margin by Multicoverage Processing and Merging of Wide-Angle and Near-Vertical Reflection Data." In Rifted Ocean-Continent Boundaries, 291–308. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0043-4_16.

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Snelson, Catherine M., G. Randy Keller, Kate C. Miller, Hanna-Maria Rumpel, and Claus Prodehl. "Regional crustal structure derived from the CD-ROM 99 seismic refraction/wide-angle reflection profile: The lower crust and upper mantle." In The Rocky Mountain Region—An Evolving Lithosphere: Tectonics, Geochemistry, and Geophysics, 271–91. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/154gm21.

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Epili, Duryodhan, and Robert F. Mereu. "The GLIMPCE seismic experiment: Onshore refraction and wide-angle reflection observations from a fan line over the Lake Superior Midcontinent Rift System." In Properties and Processes of Earth' Lower Crust, 93–101. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/gm051p0093.

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Johnson, Roy A., and Kenneth A. Hartman. "Upper crustal poisson's ratios in the Colorado Plateau from multicomponent wide-angle seismic recording." In Continental Lithosphere: Deep Seismic Reflections, 323–28. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/gd022p0323.

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Gohl, Karsten, Scott B. Smithson, and Yngve Kristoffersen. "The structure of the Archean crust in SW Greenland from seismic wide-angle data: A preliminary analysis." In Continental Lithosphere: Deep Seismic Reflections, 53–57. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/gd022p0053.

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Conference papers on the topic "Wide Angle Reflection"

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Li, Yuan, and Jun hong Su. "Polarization-dependent, wide spectrum and wide-angle anti-reflection grating." In Micro/Nano Optics, edited by Xiaoliang Ma, Emmanuel Stratakis, Xiangang Luo, Minghui Hong, Mingbo Pu, and Xiong Li. SPIE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2604494.

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Bingyi Liu. "Wide-angle and full-angle negative reflection based on metasurfaces with specific surface phase gradient." In 2016 Progress in Electromagnetic Research Symposium (PIERS). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/piers.2016.7734962.

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Gu, Tieer, Yiwei Lu, Johnny Q. Zhong, Rick Brinkley, Gang Xu, Willem den Boer, and Scott V. Thomsen. "Low-reflection high-transmission wide-viewing-angle TFT-LCDs for avionics applications." In Photonics China '98, edited by Shou-Qian Ding and Bao Gang Wu. SPIE, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.319690.

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Makris, J., R. Boyce, M. Krieger, R. Garret, and J. Thomas. "Wide angle reflection seismic mapping and velocity tomography of the Takutu Basin, Guyana." In 54th EAEG Meeting. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201410483.

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Schneider, William A., David Hays, and Paul Docherty. "Wide azimuth reflection response in 3‐D angle gathers from OBS node data." In SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2011. Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.3627866.

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A. Minshull, T., G. D. Spence, and C. R. Fink. "A Seismic Reflection and Wide-Angle Study of Methane Gas Hydrates, Offshore Vancouver Island." In 57th EAEG Meeting. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201409199.

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Botelho, Marco A., Irshad R. Mufti, and Vicente P. Neto. "Multishot prestack depth migration: An application on wide‐angle reflection and refraction GPR data." In SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1998. Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1820166.

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Guohua, Wei, Kong Qingfeng, and Zuo Jianjun. "Research and application of wavelet reshaping to wide‐angle reflection in cross‐well seismic." In Beijing 2009 International Geophysical Conference and Exposition. Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.3603633.

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Maruyama, Tamami, Tatsuo Furuno, Yasuhiro Oda, Jiyun Shen, Ngochao Tran, and Hidetoshi Kayama. "Design of wide angle reflection reflectarray using multi-layer mushroom structure to improve propagation." In 2011 XXXth URSI General Assembly and Scientific Symposium. IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ursigass.2011.6050537.

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Ino, Shota, Takahiro Murai, Kunio Sakakibara, and Nobuyoshi Kikuma. "Design of Metasurface Loaded in Multilayer Dielectric Plate to Reduce Reflection over Wide Incident Angle." In 2019 International Workshop on Electromagnetics: Applications and Student Innovation Competition (iWEM). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iwem.2019.8887881.

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Reports on the topic "Wide Angle Reflection"

1

Keen, C. E. Conversion of seismic-reflection time to depth for the Labrador margin, Davis Strait, and Baffin Bay, offshore northern Canada and Greenland, using sonic logs, checkshot surveys, and wide-angle seismic velocities. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/315016.

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