Journal articles on the topic 'Whyalla'

This study demonstrates the simultaneous use of acoustic and archival tags for obtaining data for near-shore species. Australian giant cuttlefish Sepia apama (off Whyalla, South Australia) and the tropical squid Sepioteuthis lessoniana (off Magnetic Island, Queensland, Australia) were tagged using a ‘hybrid’ tag consisting of a Vemco V8 acoustic tag potted with a Vemco minilog temperature–depth archival tag. Four of these animals were released and monitored inside radio-acoustic-positioning-telemetry (RAPT) buoy-system arrays that included bottom-mounted sensors that transmitted independent temperature records and a reference standard for sound conductivity and position. All were subsequently located out of RAPT range and two of the four archival tags were recovered. Tags were located using a boat-mounted hydrophone and VR60 receiver and recovery was aided by a diver operating a hand-held VUR96 receiver. This technology provides a cost-effective alternative to expensive satellite pop-up tags and is suitable for much smaller species that return to near-shore environments.

Objective. To assess the prevalence of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) and service use for people with a chronic disease in rural and regional Australia, where reported prevalence of CAM use is higher. Methods. Data were from the Whyalla Intergenerational Study of Health, a population representative cross sectional study of 1146 people recruited in 2008–2009. Self-reported chronic disease diagnosis and health service use including CAM use were collected. Complementary and other medicines were recorded at a clinic visit in a reduced sample (n = 722) and SF36 data were collected by questionnaire. Results. Around 32% of respondents reported complementary medicine use and 27% CAM service use. There was no difference in the overall prevalence of CAM use among those with and without a chronic disease (OR 0.9, 95% CI 0.7–1.3). Greater age- and sex-adjusted use of complementary medicines was associated with the ability to save money (OR 1.75, 95% CI 1.17–2.63), but not with any other socioeconomic position indicator. Those who reported using prescribed medication were more likely to report using complementary medicines (OR 2.09, 95% CI 1.35–3.24). Conclusions. The prevalence of CAM use in this regional community appeared lower than reported in similar communities outside of South Australia. Mainstream medicine use was associated with complementary medicine use, increasing the risk of an adverse drug interaction. This suggests that doctors and pharmacists should be aware of the possibility that their clients may be using complementary medicines, and the need for vigilance regarding potential side effects and interactions between complementary and mainstream therapies. What is known about this topic? The prevalence of complementary and alternative therapy use in Australian rural and regional communities is high relative to urban communities. What does this paper add? The prevalence of complementary and alternative therapy use in a regional South Australian community is lower than reported elsewhere. In this community, mainstream medicine use was associated with an increased chance of complementary medicine use. What are the implications for practitioners? Doctors and pharmacists should be aware of the possibility that their clients may be using complementary medicines, and the need for vigilance regarding potential side effects and interactions between complementary and mainstream therapies.

Purpose – Workplace health promotion enables the dissemination of health-related information to a large portion of society and provides a vehicle for translating results of efficacy studies to effective lifestyle interventions under less controlled real-world conditions. To achieve effectiveness there needs to be a systematic approach to the design, implementation, and evaluation of workplace health promotion interventions. The purpose of this paper is to describe the development of a workplace programme in a mining and steel making town in regional South Australia. Design/methodology/approach – The Precede-Proceed model (PPM) was used as a framework to design the development, implementation, and evaluation of the programme. Findings – Quality of life issues and antecedents of modifiable behavioural and environmental factors to be targeted by interventions were identified. Relevant socio-behavioural theories were used to guide intervention development and evaluation. An intervention programme was planned to enable the delivery of educational and skills-development strategies by peers within structured organisational work units. Originality/value – This research utilises the PPM to develop, implement, and evaluate intervention strategies targeting the development of diabetes and cardiometabolic risk in a remotely located workplace population. Novel to this approach is the utilisation of the entire PPM in the research; the multiple baseline, interrupted time series design of the study; and its application in a workplace environment noted for increased health risk factors, within a community at high risk of development of type 2 diabetes.

ABSTRACT Quantitative analysis of quartz microtextures by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) can reveal the transport histories of modern and ancient sediments. However, because workers identify and count microtextures differently, it is difficult to directly compare quantitative microtextural data analyzed by different workers. As a result, the defining microtextures of certain transport modes and their probabilities of occurrence are not well constrained. We used principal-component analysis (PCA) to directly compare modern and ancient aeolian, fluvial, and glacial samples from the literature with nine new samples from active aeolian and glacial environments. Our results demonstrate that PCA can group microtextural samples by transport mode and differentiate between aeolian transport and fluvial and glacial transport across studies. The PCA ordination indicates that aeolian samples are distinct from fluvial and glacial samples, which are in turn difficult to disambiguate from each other. Ancient and modern sediments are also shown to have quantitatively similar microtextural relationships. Therefore, PCA may be a useful tool to constrain the ambiguous transport histories of some ancient sediment grains. As a case study, we analyzed two samples with ambiguous transport histories from the Cryogenian Bråvika Member (Svalbard). Integrating PCA with field observations, we find evidence that the Bråvika Member facies investigated here includes aeolian deposition and may be analogous to syn-glacial Marinoan aeolian units including the Bakoye Formation in Mali and the Whyalla Sandstone in South Australia.

In the Whyalla region of South Australia, the loranthaceous mistletoe Amyema quandang (Lindl.) Tiegh. is virtually host-specific to Acacia papyrocarpa Benth., whereas Lysiana exocarpi (Behr.) Tiegh. (Loranthaceae) frequently parasitises 12 species in seven families, and less commonly infects seven other species. Amyema quandang is contagiously distributed with respect to Acacia papyrocarpa, larger trees supporting higher numbers of mistletoes. Host branch diameter (HBD) is assumed to index the age of individual mistletoes of Amyema quandang since seedlings only establish on thin host branches. The age distribution of A. quandang is skewed towards young plants since almost half the population para- sitises host branches Ͱ4 15 mm in diameter, within the range infected by seedlings. HBD is correlated with canopy size and the number of haustorial branches. The proportion of reproductive mistletoes increases with HBD and hyperparasitic L. exocarpi are confined to older plants of A. quandang with HBD Ͱ5 31 mm. As a result of the severe drought in 1982, 25% of large plants of A. quandang lost one or two main haustorial branches and suffered reductions in canopy volume, but only 4% died; by contrast, 31% of large L. exocarpi died and a further 19% lost most of their foliage. In the A. quandang population as a whole, recruitment balanced mortality (19%) over a 40 month period, but in the L. exocarpi popu- lation recruitment compensated for only half the mortality. None of the xerophytic shrub and tree hosts of either mistletoe died.

In recent years, rural SA has been the recipient of significant funding to support a range of new primary health care initiatives. Much of this funding, additional to normal recurrent budgets in our health system, has facilitated effective change and development through demonstration and research projects across the state. The resultant work involves programs such as: ? coordinated care trials (COAG) ? more allied health services (MAHS) ? Commonwealth regional health service initiatives (CRHS) ? quality use of medicines (QUM) ? community packages for aged care services ? Indigenous chronic disease self-management pilot programs (CDSM) ? chronic disease self-management (CDSM) programs - Sharing Health Care SA ? chronic disease self-management (CDSM) programs in Indigenous communities. In addition to the resources listed above, funding was also provided by the Commonwealth to establish the South Australian Centre for Rural and Remote Health (SACRRH) and develop the University Department of Rural Health in Whyalla. While this new funding has led to substantial developmental work in chronic illness management in particular, one needs to ask whether the time might not be right now for these hitherto small-scale change initiatives to be transformed into ongoing mainstream programs, informed and guided by research outcomes to date. Is it time to move beyond tentative chronic illness programs and into mainstream reform? We have shown that there is much to be gained, both for patients and for the system, from improved coordination of primary care services and initiatives such as self-management programs for patients with chronic conditions. Better management leads to improved patient health outcomes and can reduce demand for unplanned hospital and emergency services. Many admissions to rural hospitals requiring expensive services, in terms of infrastructure and staffing, could be either prevented, or patients could be managed more effectively in the community as part of a wider primary health care program.

Almost half of the 4822 described beeflies in the world belong to the subfamily Anthracinae, with most of the diversity found in three cosmopolitan tribes: Villini, Anthracini, and Exoprosopini. The Australian Exoprosopini previously contained three genera, Ligyra Newman, Pseudopenthes Roberts and Exoprosopa Macquart. Pseudopenthes is an Australian endemic, with two species including Ps. hesperis, sp. nov. from Western Australia. Two new species of the exoprosopine Atrichochira Hesse, Atr. commoni, sp. nov. and Atr. paramonovi, sp.�nov., are also described from Australia, extending the generic distribution from Africa. Cladistic analysis clarified the phylogenetic relationships between the recognised groups of the Exoprosopini and determined generic limits on a world scale. Inclusion of 18 Australian exoprosopines placed the Australian species in the context of the world fauna. The Exoprosopini contains six large groups. The basal group I contains species previously included in Exoprosopa to which the name Defilippia Lioy is applied. Group II contains Heteralonia Rondani, Atrichochira, Micomitra Bowden, Pseudopenthes, and Diatropomma Bowden. Colossoptera Hull is newly synonymised with Heteralonia. Group III is a paraphyletic assemblage of Pterobates Bezzi and Exoprosopa including the Australian Ex. sylvana (Fabricius). Ligyra is paraphyletic, forming two well-separated clades. The African clade is described as Euligyra Lambkin, gen. nov., which, together with Litorhina Bezzi and Hyperalonia Rondani, form group IV. The Australian group V is true Ligyra. The remaining monophyletic lineage of exoprosopines, group VI, the Balaana-group of genera, shows evidence of an evolutionary radiation of beeflies in semi-arid Australia. Phylogenetic analysis of all 42 species of the Balaana-group of genera formed a basis for delimiting genera. Seven new genera are described by Lambkin & Yeates: Balaana, Kapua, Larrpana, Munjua, Muwarna, Palirika and Wurda. Four non-Australian species belong to Balaana. Thirty two new Australian species are described: Bal. abscondita, Bal.�bicuspis, Bal. centrosa, Bal. gigantea, Bal. kingcascadensis, K. corusca, K. irwini, K. westralica, Lar. collessi, Lar. zwicki, Mun. erugata, Mun. lepidokingi, Mun. paralutea, Mun. trigona, Muw. vitreilinearis, Pa. anaxios, Pa. basilikos, Pa. blackdownensis, Pa. bouchardi, Pa. cyanea, Pa. danielsi, Pa. decora, Pa. viridula, Pa. whyalla, W. emu, W. impatientis, W. montebelloensis, W. norrisi, W. patrellia, W. skevingtoni, W. windorah, and W. wyperfeldensis. The following new combinations are proposed: from Colossoptera: Heteralonia latipennis (Brunetti); from Exoprosopa: Bal. grandis (Pallas), Bal. efflatounbeyi (Paramonov), Bal. latelimbata (Bigot), Bal. obliquebifasciata (Macquart), Bal.�tamerlan (Portschinsky), Bal. onusta (Walker), Def. busiris (Jaennicke), Def. efflatouni (Bezzi), Def. eritreae (Greathead), Def. gentilis (Bezzi), Def. luteicosta (Bezzi), Def. minos (Meigen), Def. nigrifimbriata (Hesse), Def.�rubescens (Bezzi), K. adelaidica (Macquart), Lar. dimidiatipennis (Bowden), Muw. stellifera (Walker), and Pa.�marginicollis (Gray); from Ligyra: Eu. enderleini (Paramonov), Eu. mars (Bezzi), Eu. monacha (Klug), Eu. paris (Bezzi), Eu. sisyphus (Fabricius), and Eu. venus (Karsch).

The Elatina Fm. records the younger Cryogenian ice age in the Adelaide Rift Complex (ARC) of South Australia, which has long-held the position as the type region for this low-latitude glaciation. Building upon a legacy of work, we document the pre- and syn-glacial sedimentary rocks to characterize the dynamics of the glaciation across the ARC. The Elatina Fm. records an array of well-preserved glacial facies at many different water depths across the basin, including ice contact tillites, fluvioglacial sandstones, dropstone intervals, tidal rhythmites with combined-flow ripples, and turbidites. The underlying Yaltipena Fm. records the pro-glacial influx of sediment from encroaching land-based ice sheets. The onset of the glaciation is heralded by the major element ratios (Chemical Index of Alteration) of the pre-glacial facies across the platform that show a reduction in chemical weathering and a deterioration in climate towards the base of the Elatina Fm. The advancing ice sheets caused soft-sediment deformation of the beds below the glacial diamictite, including sub-glacial push structures, as well as sub-glacial erosion of the carbonate unit beneath. Measured stratigraphic sections across the basin show glacial erosion up to 130 m into the carbonate platform. However, δ13C measurements of carbonate clasts within the glacial diamictite units were used to assess provenance and relative timing of δ13C acquisition, and suggest that at least 500 m of erosion occurred somewhere in the basin. Detrital zircon provenance data from the Elatina Fm. suggest that glacial sediment may have been partially sourced from the cratons of Western Australia and that the Whyalla Sandstone, even if stratigraphically correlative, was not a sediment source. The remainder of the Elatina Fm. stratigraphy mostly records the deglaciation and can be divided into three facies: a slumped sandstone, dropstone diamictite, and current-reworked diamictite. The relative sea level fall within the upper Elatina Fm. requires that regional deglaciation occurred on the timescale of ice sheet – ocean gravitational interactions (instant) and/or isostatic rebound (~104 years). Structures previously interpreted as soft-sediment folds within the rhythmite facies that were used to constrain the low-latitude position of South Australia at the time of the Elatina glaciation are re-interpreted as stoss-depositional transverse ripples with superimposed oscillatory wave ripples. These combined-flow ripples across the ARC attest to open seas with significant fetch during the initial retreat of local glaciers. In addition, this interpretation no longer requires that the magnetization be syn-depositional, although we have no reason to believe that the low-latitude direction is a result of remagnetization, and positive reversal tests and tectonic fold tests are at least consistent with syn-depositional magnetization. Together, these paired sedimentological and chemostratigraphic observations reveal the onset of the glaciation and advance of the ice sheet from land to create a heavily glaciated terrain that was incised down to at least the base of the pre-glacial Trezona Fm.SOMMAIRELa Formation d’Elatina représente la phase précoce de l’âge glaciaire du Cryogénien de l’Adelaide Rift Complex (ARC) dans le sud de l’Australie, région qui a longtemps été la région type de cette glaciation de basse latitude. À partir d’un legs de travaux, nous nous sommes appuyés sur l’étude des roches sédimentaires préglaciaires et synglaciaires pour caractériser la dynamique de la glaciation à travers l’ARC. La Formation d’Elatina renferme une gamme de faciès glaciaires bien préservés correspondant à différentes profondeurs d’eau à travers le bassin, dont des tillites de contact glaciaire, des grès fluvioglaciaires, des intervalles à galets de délestage, des rythmites tidales avec des combinaisons de rides d’écoulement, et des turbidites. La Formation sous-jacente de Yaltipena est constituée de sédiments proglaciaires provenant de lentilles de glace en progression. Le début de la glaciation est reflété dans les ratios des éléments majeurs (indice d’altération chimique) des faciès préglaciaires de la plateforme qui montre une réduction de l’altération chimique et une détérioration du climat à l’approche de la base de la Formation d’Elatina. La progression des nappes de glace a entraîné une déformation des lits de sédiments meubles sous la diamictite glaciaire, montrant entre autres des structures de poussée sous-glaciaires ainsi que de l’érosion sous-glaciaire de l’unité de carbonate sous-jacente. Les mesures de coupes stratigraphiques à travers le bassin montrent que l’érosion glaciaire a enlevé jusqu’à 130 m du carbonate de la plateforme. Toutefois, les signatures isotopiques δ13C de fragments de carbonate dans les unités de diamictites glaciaires utilisées pour établir la provenance et la chronologie d’acquisition relative de la signature δ13C des fragments, permet de penser qu’il y a eu au moins 500 m d'érosion quelque part dans le bassin. Les données de provenance sur zircons détritiques de la Formation d’Elatina permettent de penser que les sédiments glaciaires provenaient partiellement des cratons de l'Australie occidentale et que le grès de la Formation de Whyalla, bien que stratigraphiquement corrélé, n'a pas été une source de sédiments. Ce qui reste de la stratigraphie de la Formation d’Elatina représente principalement la déglaciation, laquelle peut être divisée en trois faciès : un grès plissé, une diamictite à galets de délestage, et une diamictite remaniée par des courants. La baisse du niveau relatif de la mer dans la partie supérieure de la Formation d’Elatina suppose une déglaciation régionale sur une échelle de temps de l’ordre de celle de la nappe de glace – interactions gravitationnelles de l’océan (instantanées) et/ou rebond isostatique (~ 104 ans). Des structures décrites précédemment comme des plis de sédiments mous dans des faciès de rhythmites qui impliquait une position de basse latitude pour l'Australie du Sud à l'époque de la glaciation Elatina, sont réinterprétées comme des rides sédimentaires transverses asymétriques avec des rides de vagues oscillatoires superposées. Ces combinaisons de rides d’écoulement à travers l’ARC confirment l’existence d’un milieu marin ouvert d’une ampleur certaine au moment de la retraite initiale des glaciers locaux. En outre, cette interprétation ne nécessite plus que la magnétisation soit synsédimentaire, bien que nous n'ayons aucune raison de penser que l’orientation magnétique de basse latitude soit le résultat d’une ré-aimantation, et que les tests de réversibilité positifs et les tests de plissement tectonique sont au minimum conformes à une magnétisation synsédimentaire. Ensemble, ces observations sédimentologiques et chimiostratigraphiques mettent en lumière le début de la glaciation et l'avancée du couvert de glace continental menant à une région fortement englacée qui a été incisée jusqu'à à la base de la Formation préglaciaire de Trezona.

Breeding by several of the spore-feeding species in the genus Phaulothrips is shown to be associated with abandoned tunnels of bees and scolytid beetles, as well as with the dead seed capsules of Eucalyptus species. The breeding sites for other species in the genus remain unknown, but 16 species are here recognised from Australia, of which the following six are newly described: P. daguilaris, P. flindersi, P. kingae, P. kranzae, P. oakeyi, P. whyallae.

Expressions such as bueno, idiay, verdad, digamos.fijáte, etc., which reccurvery frequendy in spokenCosta Rican Spanish, traditionalIy have been stigrnatized as pet words without much meaning orfunction. On the basis of data from recorded interviews, cooversations and lectures, the author of theartic1e posits that they are pragmatic connectors with important phatic and discourse organizingfunctions which make them necessary and even obligatory in spontaneous speech. This explains whyalI speakers, inc1uding those aware of the fact that they are coosidered "errors", keep using them.

As one way of inculcating international perspectives in its graduates, the University of South Australia includes in its programs various opportunities for students to study abroad. It also encourages incoming short-term exchange and full-program international students. In 2001, the Discipline of Nursing and Rural Health (Whyalla Campus) sent two graduating students to a developing country in Asia, the Philippines, for a twelve-week academic experience. Despite problems causing the visit to be curtailed, much was learned. Participant and organiser insights are described, sharing valuable lessons to inform future plans and ensure better results. What could be regarded as a failed academic visit, nevertheless offered a life-changing opportunity and significant learning outcomes, reinforcing the belief that international academic experiences are extremely worthwhile for students and participating institutions. These experiences provide an important path to cultural understandings, and to personal and professional development.

Background Supporting a child’s healthy development is determined, in part, by a parent’s ability to seek, access, interpret and effectively utilize health information. This aspect of parenting draws on a set of skills referred to as health literacy. Objective To assess the level of health literacy among parents/carers in a regional South Australian community. Methods Parents/carers of primary school-aged children, residing in Whyalla, South Australia, were invited to complete the 13-item All Aspects of Health Literacy Survey. Results 155 parents/carers completed the survey (79% mothers). Most participants were English-speaking (97%), employed (62%) and had 2–3 children (62%), with 52% completing tertiary education. Median total health literacy scores were mostly in the moderate-high range (median 27, IQR 26,27), as were critical health literacy scores (median 7, IQR 6,8). Higher scores were reported for functional health literacy (median 8, IQR 7,9), communicative health literacy (median 9, IQR 8,9) and empowerment health literacy (median 4, IQR 3,5). Conclusions Our findings reveal modest levels of health literacy among a sample of parents/carers of primary school-aged children in a regional South Australian community. Further work is needed to understand the differential effect of parental health literacy on child health outcomes, and the types of strategies that may mitigate the impact of these barriers on a child’s healthy development.