Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Whooping'
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Hassan, H., Gayatri Jaishankar, and Demetrio Macariola. "The "Non" Whooping Cough." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/8861.
Full textTorvaldsen, Siranda. "The epidemiology and prevention of pertussis in Australia." University of Sydney. Paediatrics and Child Health, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/808.
Full textPiyawong, Wirawan. "Spatio-temporal numerical modelling of whooping cough dynamics." Thesis, Brunel University, 2001. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/6626.
Full textJohnston, I. D. A. "The current severity and longterm sequelae of whooping cough." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.605661.
Full textCheung, Yung-yan Terence. "Whooping cough : are we seeing the reemergence of the infection in Hong Kong? /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/b39724049.
Full textMcKenna, Philip Rood. "Winging it : a bold step toward the whooping crane's return." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/39445.
Full textIncludes bibliographical references (leaves 41-42).
Since the fall of 2001, biologists have taught endangered whooping cranes how to migrate over a once-lost course stretching from the wetlands of central Wisconsin to the mud flats of Florida's Gulf Coast. Wildlife biologists did this through an unusual method of reintroduction: training the endangered birds to follow behind ultralight airplanes for the entire 1,200-mile journey. The technique is highly invasive and expensive, but by the summer of 2005, it had established the first population of whooping cranes migrating east of the Mississippi in more than one hundred years. To supplement these ultralight-led migrations, crane biologists tried a new approach in the fall of 2005. Biologists with the International Crane Foundation of Baraboo, Wisconsin, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service released four captive-bred whooping cranes directly into the wild. Biologists hoped that there were enough graduates of the ultralight program already making the migration for a few first timers to simply follow the older birds south. But no one knew if this bold new experiment, which relied entirely on the young birds following older non-related birds, would work. This thesis follows a year in the life of Maya, Poe, Waldo and Jumblies-the first four "Direct Autumn Release" birds.
(cont.) The story begins with their parent's artificial insemination in the spring of 2005, describes their last-minute Thanksgiving-Day departure, and follows their successful southern migrations through Tennessee and Florida. The thesis relates the concerns of the biologists, who spent countless hours raising and tracking these birds. It also recounts historic episodes in the 80-year ongoing effort to save Grus Americana, the whooping crane, while providing a larger significance for why the conservation of biodiversity is needed now more than ever.
by Philip Rood McKenna.
S.M.in Science Writing
Gil, de Weir Karine. "Whooping crane (Grus americana) demography and environmental factors in a population growth simulation model." Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/3778.
Full textSrikannathasan, Velupillai. "Biochemical and structural analysis of Bordetella pertussis lipopolysaccharide A biosynthetic pathway enzymes." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.273576.
Full textAl-Fellah, Giamal Nouri. "Inactivation of Bordetella pertussis by rat lung lavage fluids (LLF)." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.263427.
Full textBrotherston, Christopher. "Interaction of Bordetella pertussis adenylate cyclase toxin with target cells." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.263429.
Full textMacDonald-Fyall, Julia. "The protective and immunomodulatory properties of Bordetella pertussis adenylate cyclase toxin." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.248267.
Full textGarrod, Tracey. "Partial purification and characterisation of Bordetella bronchiseptica dermonecrotic toxin." Thesis, University of Reading, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.239514.
Full textFunnell, Simon Gordon Paul. "Mechanisms of colonisation of mammalian tissues by Bordetella pertussis." Thesis, Open University, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.239726.
Full textAdvani, Abdolreza. "Epidemiological characterisation of Bordatella pertussis in Sweden, 1970-2004 /." Stockholm, 2007. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2007/978-91-7357-052-7/.
Full textGorringe, A. R. "The effects of growth conditions on the expression of virulence determinants of Bordetella pertussis." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.235294.
Full textBerry, P. R. "Production of monoclonal antibodies to Bordetella pertussis as a means of identifying protective antigens." Thesis, University of Reading, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.376819.
Full textLi, Jing-Li. "A molecular study of virulence factors of Bordetella species." Thesis, Open University, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.303193.
Full textCheung, Yung-yan Terence, and 張勇仁. "Whooping cough: are we seeing the reemergenceof the infection in Hong Kong?" Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B39724049.
Full textWhite, Jennifer L. "Management of captive whooping cranes (Grus americana ) to improve breeding behaviour and success." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0029/MQ66980.pdf.
Full textPillay, Victoria. "A systematic review of the symptomatic treatment of the cough in whooping cough." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/8789.
Full textBackground: There are between 20 - 40 million cases of whooping cough annually world-wide, 90% of which occur in developing countries, resulting in an estimated 200 - 300 O00 fatalities each year. Much of the morbidity is due to the paroxysmal cough. Corticosteroids, salbutamol (a β₂- adrenergic stimulant), and pertussis-specific immunoglobulin have been proposed as standard treatment for the cough. Antihistamines have also been administered. No systematic review of the effectiveness of any of these interventions or others has been performed. Objective: in this systematic review we aim to assess the effectiveness of interventions used to reduce the severity of the coughing paroxysms in whooping cough in children and adults. Selection criteria: Randomised and quasi randomised controlled trials of any intervention that reduced the severity of the coughing paroxysms in whooping cough; excluding antibiotics and vaccines. Study selection: All interventions aimed at reducing the severity of the coughing paroxysms in children or adults with whooping cough with any of the following outcome measures met inclusion criteria for the review; i) frequency of paroxysms of coughing (primary outcome), ii) frequency of vomiting, iii) frequency of whoop, iv) frequency of cyanotic spells, v) development of serious complications, vi) mortality from any cause, vii) side effects due to medication, viii) admission to hospital, and ix) duration of hospital stay. Search strategy: We searched the Cochrane Controlled Trials register, Acute Respiratory infectious Disease Group Specialised Trials register, MEDLINE, LILACS, scanned reference lists of identified trials, contacted authors of identified trials and the relevant pharmaceutical companies. Data collection and analysis: Studies were selected, quality assessed and data extracted by two reviewers independently. Results: Nine studies satisfied the inclusion criteria but four had insufficient data for further meta-analysis of our pre-specified outcomes. Studies were old and poorly reported. The largest study had a total sample size of 49 and the smallest study nine. All studies were performed in industrialised settings. Eligible studies assessed diphenhyramine, pertussis immunoglobulin, dexamethasone and salbutamol. No statistically significant benefit was found for any of the interventions. Diphenhydramine was associated with a mean increase of 1.90 coughing spells per 24 hours [95%Cl - 4.66; 8.46] and pertussis immunoglobulin a mean decrease in hospital stay of 0.70 days [95% Cl -3.79; 2.39]. and a mean reduction of 3.10 whoops per 24 hours [95% CI - 6.22; 0.02]. Dexamethasone resulted in a mean decrease in hospital stay of 3.45 days [95% Cl - 15.34; 8.44] and salbutamol in a weighted mean decrease in coughing paroxysms of 0.95 per 24 hours [95% Cl - 6.21; 4.31]. Reviewers' conclusion: Although assessments have been performed on a whole range of interventions, including diphenhyramine, pertussis immunoglobulin, dexamethasone and salbutamol, insufficient evidence exists to draw conclusions about the effects of any of them.
Sidey, Fiona M. "Metabolic effects of Bordetella pertussis." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1987. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=20352.
Full textKhan, Farhat Mirza. "Effects of toxoiding agents on protective antigens of Bordetella pertussis and on other proteins." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.360122.
Full textLund, Sarah Jane. "Virulence of Bordetella parapertussis : a comparison of ovine and human isolates." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.314103.
Full textPhillips, Linda Jane. "Immunization against Bordetella pertussis." Thesis, Kansas State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/9871.
Full textFry, Scott Robert. "The development and evaluation of DNA vaccines against whooping cough using a murine respiratory model of infection." University of Southern Queensland, Faculty of Sciences, 2006. http://eprints.usq.edu.au/archive/00004787/.
Full textCahill, Edward Sean. "Antigen delivery systems for nasal immunisation against B. pertussis." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.321455.
Full textCastillo, María Esther, Carlos Bada, Aguila Olguita Del, Helasvuo Verónica Petrozzi, Ore Verónica Casabona, Isabel Reyes, and Valle Mendoza Juana Mercedes Del. "Detection of Bordetella pertussis using a PCR test in infants younger 3 than one year old hospitalized with whooping cough in five 4 Peruvian hospitals." International Society for Infectious Diseases (Int J Infect Dis), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/582607.
Full textThis 312 work was supported by Sanofi Aventis del Peru. Conflict 313 of interest: On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author 314 states that there are no conflicts of interest or funding related 315 to this study
del, Valle-Mendoza Juana, Wilmer Silva-Caso, Miguel Angel Aguilar-Luis, Valle-Vargas Cristina del, Erico Cieza-Mora, Johanna Martins-Luna, Ronald Aquino-Ortega, Andrea Silva-Vásquez, Jorge Bazán-Mayra, and Pablo Weilg. "Bordetella pertussis in children hospitalized with a respiratory infection: clinical characteristics and pathogen detection in household contacts." BioMed Central Ltd, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/624653.
Full textThis work was supported by fourth research incentive of the Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), Lima‑Peru.
Revisión por pares
LaFever, Kristin E. "Spatial and temporal winter territory use and behavioral responses of whooping cranes to human activities." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1877.
Full textJ, Lawrence Andrew. "Rapid laboratory diagnosis of Bordetella pertussis infection (whooping cough) using seriological and DNA based detection techniques /." Title page, contents and summary only, 1994. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09S.M/09s.ml419.pdf.
Full textZorzeto, Tatiane Queiroz. "Resposta humoral e celular de lactentes vacinados com pertussis celular total ou modificada pela extração de lipopolissacarideo." [s.n.], 2008. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/311081.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T01:20:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Zorzeto_TatianeQueiroz_M.pdf: 1695884 bytes, checksum: 267f0534bc256440762ad9d78bc6402d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008
Resumo: A associação temporal de eventos adversos de variada gravidade à imunização com pertussis celular total (DTP) tem estimulado o desenvolvimento de vacinas antipertussis menos reatogênicas. Este ensaio clínico fase I visou à avaliação da imunogenicidade da vacina pertussis celular modificada pela extração do lipopolissacarídeo (DTPm) em comparação com a vacina convencional (DTP). Um total de 234 lactentes foi imunizado aos dois, quatro e seis meses de idade com DTPm ou DTP. Os títulos de anticorpos para os componentes pertussis, tétano, difteria e hepatite B foram determinados um mês após a terceira dose de vacina. A proliferação de células T CD3+ foi avaliada por citometria de fluxo após seis dias de cultivo de células mononucleares de sangue periférico estimuladas com células inativadas de B. pertussis ou com fitohemaglutinina (PHA). Células CD4+, CD8+ e TCR ?d+ foram identificadas no gate de blastos. Os níveis de IFN-?, TNF-a, IL-4 e IL-10 no sobrenadante de cultura foram quantificados por ensaio imunoenzimático (ELISA). A vacina modificada DTPm mostrou-se inferior à DTP quanto ao título de anticorpos antipertussis, mas não houve diferença de resposta aos outros componentes vacinais avaliados. A porcentagem líquida de blastos sob estímulo da B. pertussis foi menor no grupo que recebeu três doses de DTPm (mediana de 3,9% para DTPm e 6,2% para DTP, p=0,029), mas as freqüências de células CD4+, CD8+ e ?d+ em proliferação e as concentrações de citocinas não diferiram entre os grupos. A vacina DTPm não apresentou, portanto, imunogenicidade similar à da vacina DTP convencional nos ensaios laboratoriais
Abstract: Concerns about systemic reactions after immunization with whole-cell pertussis (wP) have stimulated efforts to produce less reactogenic vaccines. This phase I comparative trial aimed the efficacy evaluation of a cellular pertussis vaccine with low lipopolysaccharide (LPS) content (wPlow) in comparison to conventional wP vaccine. A total of 234 infants was vaccinated at 2, 4, and 6 months with conventional wP or wPlow. Serum antibody titers to pertussis, diphtheria, tetanus and hepatitis B were measured 1 month after the third dose of vaccine. Proliferation of CD3+ T cells was evaluated by flow cytometry after 6 days of peripheral blood mononuclear cells culture, with heat-killed B. pertussis or phytohemagglutinin (PHA) stimulation. CD4+, CD8+ and TCR ?d+ cells were identified in the gate of blast lymphocytes. IFN-?, TNF-a, IL-4 and IL-10 levels in supernatants were determined by ELISA. wPlow was inferior to wP in terms of anti-pertussis titers, but there was no diference in other serum antibody evaluations. Net percent blasts in cultures with B. pertussis was lower in the group vaccinated with wPlow (medians of 3.9% and for wPlow and 6.2% for wP; p=0.029), but the frequency of proliferating CD4+, CD8+ and ?d+ cells and the cytokine concentrations in supernatants were similar between vaccination groups. Therefore, wPlow wasn't as imunogenic as conventional wP in experimental evaluations
Mestrado
Saude da Criança e do Adolescente
Mestre em Saude da Criança e do Adolescente
Laverty, Meghan. "Association Between Maternal Pertussis Vaccination During Pregnancy and Early Childhood Health Outcomes." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/40084.
Full textDel, Valle Mendoza Juana Mercedes, Oré Veronica Casabona, Helasvuo Veronica Petrozzi, Tapia Angela Cornejo, Pablo Weilg, Maria J. Pons, Mora Erico Cieza, Mayra Jorge Bazán, Pacherres Hernan Cornejo, and Joaquin Ruiz. "Bordetella pertussis diagnosis in children under five years of age in the Regional Hospital of Cajamarca, Northern Peru." The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries (JIDC), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/605267.
Full textBlack, Andrew James. "The stochastic dynamics of epidemic models." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2010. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-stochastic-dynamics-of-epidemic-models(196cf4a1-2db2-4696-bc64-64fb28cb0b7d).html.
Full textWilliams, Emily G. "Whooping cough among Western Cree and Ojibwa fur-trading communities in subarctic Canada : a mathematical-modeling approach /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p1421166.
Full textDel, Valle-Mendoza Juana, Valle-Vargas Cristina del, Ronald Aquino-Ortega, Valle Luis J. Del, Erico Cieza-Mora, Wilmer Silva-Caso, Jorge Bazán-Mayra, et al. "Clinical characteristics and molecular detection of in hospitalized children with a clinical diagnosis of whooping cough in Peru." Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/655868.
Full textBackground and Objectives: Pertussis is an infectious disease caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Bordetella pertussis. In Peru, actual public health programs indicate that vaccination against B. pertussis must be mandatory and generalized, be-sides all detected cases must be reported. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of B. pertussis among children under five years of age with a presumptive diagnosis of whopping cough in Cajamarca, a region located in northern Peru. Materials and Methods: The population of this cross-sectional study were children under 5 years old hospitalized as presumptive cases of pertussis during December 2017 to December 2018. The nasopharyngeal samples were analyzed by real-time PCR for the detection of B. pertussis. Results: B. pertussis was identified as PCR + in 42.3% of our sample (33/78). The clinical presentation that was observed most frequently includes paroxysmal coughing (97%), difficulty breathing (69.7%), cyanosis (72.7%) and post-tussive em-esis (60.6%). Additionally, pneumonia was the most observed complication (33.3%). Four of the patients with PCR+ for B. pertussis presented only lymphocytosis, five only leukocytosis, two patients with decreased leukocytosis and lymphocytes and only one patient with leukopenia and relative lymphocytosis. There was a percentage of 84.8% of unvaccinated children in the PCR+ group. Finally, the mother was the most frequent symptom carrier (18.2%). Conclusion: In conclusion, in the studied population there is a high rate of PCR+ cases for B. pertussis. Laboratory values may show leukopenia or lymphopenia in patients with pertussis. It is necessary to use appropriate laboratory diagnostic tests in all infants with respiratory symptoms for B. pertussis. Since, the clinical diagnosis overestimates the diagnosis of pertussis.
Revisión por pares
Warren, Andrew Eugene. "The use of inhaled beclomethasone to decrease the duration of paroxysmal coughing in pediatric patients with pertussis : results and methodologic issues in a randomized clinical trial /." St. John's, NF : [s.n.], 1997.
Find full textHegerle, Nicolas. "Evolution of Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella parapertussis under acellular Pertussis vaccine pressure : What future for whooping cough and Pertussis vaccination ?" Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA077038.
Full textWhooping cough is an acute respiratory disease life threatening for unvaccinated young children. It is caused by Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella parapertussis, two gram-negative bacteria restricted to humans. The introduction of vaccination against B. Pertussis in the 1950s greatly changed the epidemiology of pertussis as well as the bacterial population itself. Whole cell vaccines were first introduced for children immunization and first booster and enabled to control isolates similar to strains included in the vaccines. Acellular pertussis vaccines, only targeting few bacterial antigens, were later introduced for adolescent booster vaccination before being generalized to the whole population, including adults and new-borns. In addition to a change in the type of vaccine-induced immunity, B. Pertussis also had to face increased herd immunity. Few years alter acellular pertussis vaccine introduction we demonstrated a temporal increase in the prevalence of isolates lacking the production of one vaccine antigen, pertactin, while the population remained quite monomorphic at the genetic level as compare to the post-whole cell vaccine era (allelic stability of known virulence factors). We characterized these isolates at the phenotypic level and demonstrated that they remain as virulent in different in vitro and in vivo models of host pathogen interaction while they might present a selective advantage in an acellular immunized background targeting pertactin. Although vaccines remain effective, surveillance must continue to follow the evolution of these isolate prevalence and the possible impact of pertactin loss on vaccine effectiveness
McMillen, Janet L. "Productivity and movements of the greater sandhill crane population at Seney National Wildlife Refuge: potential for an antroduction of whooping cranes." The Ohio State University, 1988. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1298917399.
Full textMcMillen, Janet L. "Productivity and movements of the greater sandhill crane population at Seney National Wildlife Refuge : potential for an introduction of whooping cranes /." The Ohio State University, 1988. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487588939090135.
Full textCorreia, Carolina Argondizo. "Influência da vacinação com dTpa em gestantes no perfil da resposta imunológica contra a Bordetella pertussis na criança." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/99/99131/tde-18052018-101733/.
Full textBordetella pertussis is the bacterial agent of whooping cough, an infectious and contagious re-emerging disease despite high vaccine coverage. As the most affected are children younger than six months of age, a dose of tetanus/diphtheria/pertussis vaccine (acellular pertussis - Tdap) in pregnancy was proposed. It is aimed to promote the transfer of high maternal antibodies\' titres to the foetus and newborns, resulting in their protection until their own vaccination scheme is completed. This strategy is present in several countries, and it was implemented in Brazil by the end of 2014. However, little is known about its efficacy, effectiveness and interaction with the subsequent child\'s vaccination, which comprehends the whole-cell formulation (DTP), while other countries replaced it for the acellular version (DTaP). Maternal vaccination induces antibodies that would protect newborns from infection, but they can also neutralize the effect of the child vaccination, reducing the vaccine efficiency. Besides, it can promote the transfer of antigens to the foetus, which can induce deviation in the response pattern. These aspects are particularly important and should be investigated when new maternal vaccination programs are implemented. Therefore, the aim of this project was to evaluate the cellular response against B. pertussis in women at labour and their neonates, as in young children after complete pertussis vaccination by the first year of life, comparing groups from vaccinated and non-vaccinated women during pregnancy. Peripheral blood and cord blood mononuclear cells were isolated and stimulated with bacterial or polyclonal antigen in culture. After the stipulated time the gene expression profile and cytokine concentration were evaluated by qPCR and flow cytometry. Data from the present study show that pregnancy vaccination inducing favourable cellular response for protection against infection in pregnant women, with Th1 cytokines\' production upon antigenic stimulus, while in newborns few cytokines were detected above the detection limit. When comparing children\'s response, born either from vaccinated or unvaccinated mothers, cytokine levels were not significantly different, suggesting that maternal antibodies present during foetal development and first months of life do not interfere with recognition and cellular response generation to vaccination. Despite limited sample size, this work shows a broader view of interaction between maternal and child vaccination, showing that the Tdap boost dose during pregnancy may be able to generate protective response in women, preventing them to transmit the disease to children, and the induced humoral response may not interfere in generating cellular response in children after their own vaccination.
Yilmaz, Cigdem. "Immune Responses Against The Recombinant Fimx And Putative Peptidyl-prolyl Cis-trans Isomerase From Bordetella Pertussis." Master's thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613684/index.pdf.
Full text-T Easy vector and sequenced. The genes were then introduced into pET-28a (+) vector and they were expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) cells. The recombinant proteins were purified by His-tag affinity chromatography and dialyzed. After Western blot analyses, 20 µ
g and 80 µ
g recombinant FimX and 80 µ
g recombinant putative PPIase were used to immunize BALB/c mice (16-18 g) at day 0 and 21. The mice were challenged intranasally with 2.5 x 109 live B. pertussis Saadet cells. Before second immunization and challenge, the sera were collected to carry out ELISA for measurement of serum-specific IgG levels. According to ELISA results, IgG levels in the mice immunized with 20 µ
g and 80 µ
g recombinant FimX were found significantly higher than in control groups at both first and second vaccinations (p<
0.01). On the other hand, immunization with 160 µ
g recombinant putative PPIase provided a significant increase in IgG level (p<
0.05) only at second vaccination. The lungs of the mice were removed at day 2, 5, 8 after challenge and bacterial colonization was determined. No significant decrease in bacterial colonization was observed in the lungs of the mice immunized with 20 µ
g and 80 µ
g recombinant FimX and 80 µ
g recombinant putative PPIase with respect to control groups. After respiratory challenge and second immunization (at day 30) with 20 µ
g and 80 µ
g recombinant FimX, the spleens of the mice were removed and a spleen cell culture was obtained. Supernatants were collected after induction of the cells with the recombinant protein and cytokine ELISA was carried out to measure IFN-&gamma
level. No significant difference was observed between control and vaccinated mice in terms of IFN-&gamma
production.
Dupré, Elian. "La régulation de la virulence chez Bordetella pertussis : BvgS, modèle original de capteur de système à deux composants." Thesis, Lille 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL2S022/document.
Full textVirulence of Bordetella pertussis, the whooping cough agent, is due to a plethora of virulence factors which expression is regulated by the two-component system BvgAS. BvgA is a classical response regulator and BvgS the sensor. BvgS contains 3 putative sensor domains, 2 periplasmic Venus FlyTrap (VFT), linked through a transmembrane segment to a cytoplasmic PAS domain preceding the histidine-kinase. Signals perceived by those sensor domains are still unknown, but a 37°C temperature is sufficient to maintain the system active under laboratory conditions. This activity can be down-modulated by chemical compounds, such as MgSO4 or nicotinate, which at sufficient concentration allows the bacteria to switch to avirulent phase.We investigated the role of BvgS VFT domains. VFTs are ubiquitous domains composed of 2 lobes linked by a hinge hence forming a cleft where a specific ligand can bind and stabilize the VFT in its closed conformation.BvgS VFT domains were crystalized and form an intricate dimer defining large interfaces between the 4 VFTs. VFT2s are closed without a ligand and VFT1s are opened, artificial closure of these domains via a disulfide bond indicates that this is the active conformation of BvgS. The role of the interfaces was probed by site-directed mutagenesis. A positive signal might originate from the periplasm to be transmitted through the membrane by the interfaces and integrated by a functional coupling between the VFT2s and the helices preceding the membrane, H19.These helices should be continued through the membrane and the cytoplasm to the PAS domain. Pas domains are ubiquitous with a highly conserved structure, a 5 stranded sheet surrounded by helices defining a cavity. Pas domains are involved in a wide variety of physiological processes, depending on their ability to bind a ligand. Some PAS might function without a ligand and could then be signal adaptors or amplifiers.We demonstrated PASBvg was dimeric, confirming the dimeric nature of BvgS. Cavity residues were substituted indicating that integrity of the cavity is necessary to maintain activity and modulation capacity coming from the periplasmic moiety. Ligand binding wasn’t demonstrated but couldn’t be excluded. Some residues are needed for the correct coupling of the PAS domain to its flanking helices and hence signal transmission. Loss of these connections generates a strong destabilization of PASBvg and turns BvgS inactive.A positive signal might come from the periplasmic moiety and shoul be maintaines by the PAS domain, which is in a rigid conformation also allowing the transmission of negative signals
Wang, Kay Yee. "Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Bordetella pertussis in patients with persistent cough in primary care." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:74b15a97-708d-4927-b0aa-ce802f4af2aa.
Full textGalhardo, Cynthia Soares. "Fatores que determinam a produção de IL-12 em macrófagos murinos ativados por Bordetella pertussis e B. parapertussis." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/87/87131/tde-15052014-101030/.
Full textBordetella pertussis and B. parapertussis are etiological agents of whooping cough. IL-12 links the innate and adaptive immunity. We investigated the ability of both bacteria to modulate IL-12 by in vitro activation of bone marrow derived macrophages (MfDM). We demonstrated that IL-12p40 and TNF-a were produced after stimulation of cells with either bacterium. IL-12p40 production was dependent on TNF-a, MyD88 and NFkB but independent of MAPK p38 and ERK 1/2. During B. pertussis activation the production of IL-12p40 was dependent on TLR-4, while B. parapertussis activation was MyD88 and TLR-4 independent. However, the bacteria alone did not induce IL-12p70 synthesis, requiring IFN-g as an additional signal. Evidences indicated MAPK p38, ERK1/2 and PI3K during B. pertussis and B. parapertussis activation, as well as the exogenous addition of PT to B. parapertussis activated MfDM, was critical for the up regulation of IL-12p70. This finding indicates that different TLR-4 dependent and independent signaling pathways may control the production of IL-12 in this model.
Freitas, Angela Carvalho. "Avaliação de novas estratégias vacinais contra a coqueluche no município de São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6132/tde-26082008-153502/.
Full textBackground: Whooping cough is a respiratory tract infection caused by Bordetella pertussis and characterized by paroxysmal cough that usually causes complications for infants, including death, and for people with chronic respiratory diseases. Immunity against pertussis after infection or vaccination is not everlasting. Despite of high childhood immunization coverage and the disease control from the 50's to 80's, since late 80's developed countries notified high levels of pertussis in adolescents and adults. This reappearance has not being detected in Brazil yet, but at least one formal study has demonstrated the possibility of this change in the next years. Objective: Evaluating new pertussis vaccine's booster for adolescents and adults in São Paulo city. Methods: Development of a deterministic, compartmental and age-dependent model accounting for immunity waning. The data was retrieved from literature, Surveillance Center of the State of São Paulo (CVE), and the Brazilian national health data system (DATASUS). Data manipulation used Berkeley Madonna® and Microsoft Excel®. Vaccination strategies included the current vaccination scheme, plus (i) 10%, 35%, 45% or 70% vaccine coverage for those at the age of 12 and (ii) both 35% and 70% vaccine coverage at the ages 12 and 20, respectively. The Who Acquire Infection from Whom (WAIFW) matrices' method was used to assume age related transmission rates. Sensitivity analysis was performed. Results: Booster vaccination for 12 years youths, at 10% coverage, yields disease reduction only among adolescents (10 to 19 years); coverage up to 35% yields disease reduction for all ages; at 35%, 45% and 70% coverage, the reduction achieves 59%, 65% and 73%. Booster vaccination at 12 and 20 years, with coverage at 35% and 70% respectively, yields 62% cases reduction. Discussion: Results suggest that adolescent's vaccine booster could reduce pertussis occurrence for all ages, including infants, as also demonstrated by other authors. In contrast, only one vaccine booster for adults (20 years) achieves insignificant results. In conclusion, we have been able to demonstrate that, in São Paulo, the adolescent vaccine booster strategy is a promising police to further reduce whooping cough occurrence. However, cost effective analysis and other adults' vaccination strategies are recommended.
Prestes, Ana Fabíola Rollo de Oliveira. "Avaliação de adjuvantes em novas formulações de vacina tríplice bacteriana." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/87/87131/tde-28042009-111641/.
Full textThe whole cell pertussis vaccines present some reactogenicity and the acellular, less reactogenic, have prohibitive use due to its high cost. Instituto Butantan developed a less reactogenic whole cell pertussis vaccine (Plow), with low lipopolysaccharide content and an acellular vaccine (Pa), by simple and economic methodology. These preparations, combined to diphtheria and tetanus toxoids (DTPlow and DTPa, respectively), were compared with the traditional DTP, with different adjuvants: vitamin A, pulmonary surfactant, BCG, monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL) and Al(OH)3. The humoral immune response induced in mice by the different vaccine formulations, was similar and independent of the adjuvant used. The vaccines induced balanced levels of IgG1/IgG2a anti-pertussis and DTPlow showed to be less rectogenic, inducing lower levels of serum IL-6. The use of MPL suggested to induce higher protection against nasotracheal colonization in DTPa group and induced IFN-g in the DTP and DTPa groups, suggesting a possible immunemodulatory activity for Th1.
Ferronato, Angela Esposito. "Identificação de vírus respiratórios em lactentes internados com suspeita clínica de coqueluche." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5141/tde-28032018-101026/.
Full textIntroduction: Pertussis is a disease caused by Bordetella pertussis (BP), being more frequent and severe in infants less than one year old. After vaccine introduction, there was a reduction in the global incidence of the disease, but in the last ten years there was a resurgence. It may present less characteristically in infants, especially before the end of the vaccine scheme for the first year of life. The clinical picture in these patients may be similar to that of respiratory virus infections (VR), which are the most frequent etiologic agents in airway infections in this age group. Studies is necessary to evaluate the importance of RV research in infants with clinical suspicion of pertussis. Objectives: In infants with suspected pertussis: identify the prevalence of BP, VR and codetections; analyze and compare the clinical characteristics and evolution according to the identified etiology and analyze the impact of the etiological diagnosis on the use of macrolides. Methods: A prospective cohort study with children under one year of age hospitalized with suspected clinical pertussis between June 2014 and June 2016 and submitted to etiological research to identify BP (nasopharynx swab for culture and/or PCR) and VR (nasopharyngeal aspirate for indirect immunofluorescence). Clinical, demographic and evolution data were collected with the completion of a standardized clinical-laboratory protocol. Results: During the study period, 59 infants were analyzed. In 18 (30.5%) there was identification of BP, in 23 (39%) of some respiratory virus. In four (7%), there was BP detection and some RV. The virus most frequently identified was RSV (73%). The characteristics with greater sensitivity for the diagnosis of BP infection were cough followed by cyanosis and the mother\'s non-vaccinated dTpa. Wheezing and respiratory distress presented high sensitivity for RV identification. In the bivariate analysis they presented a greater chance of BP infection: lower age (OR = 1.86), absence of fever (OR = 4.9), not being vaccinated for pertussis (OR = 4.4), leukocytosis higher than 20,000/mm3 (OR = 5.4), lymphocytosis greater than 10,000/mm3 (OR = 4.0) and RV infection: wheezing (OR = 4.33). After adjustment for confounders, the largest predictors for BP independently were: no wheezing (OR = 5.7) and leukocytosis higher than 20,000/mm3 (OR = 5.38). The number of patients with codetection did not allow the comparative analysis of severity with those with single agent. In only one patient, the result of positive viral research resulted in macrolide suspension. Conclusion: In addition to BP, RVs were also frequent etiologies in infants with clinical suspicion of whooping cough, as well as cases of BP and VR codetection. Clinical/laboratory characteristics suggestive, but not pathognomonic, of the identified etiologies have been identified, which corroborates the need for etiological research for RV in this clinical situation
Naninck, Thibaut. "Etude de l'infection par Bordetella pertussis dans un modèle de coqueluche chez le primate non-humain : Apports de l'imagerie in vivo." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS526.
Full textWhooping cough, or pertussis, is a respiratory disease caused by Bordetella pertussis bacterial colonization of human airways. Main symptoms are cough, leukocytosis, fever and may even be lethal for some patients (e.g. newborn infants and immuno-deficient patients). Despite a good vaccination coverage worldwide against pertussis, whooping cough cases have been re-increasing in several developed countries in the past twenty years. This resurgence points out the crucial need to develop new control strategies and to better understand pertussis pathophysiology, notably using appropriate animal models. Numerous preclinical models including mice, rats, rabbits and swine have been described for B. pertussis infection studies. However, none of these models reproduce the full spectrum of clinical pertussis symptoms, especially cough. The recent baboon model of whooping cough described in the last few years in the US appears to be a very relevant model for pertussis pathophysiology studies as these animals reproduced all clinical symptoms as observed in humans including cough.However, many aspects of bacterial colonization and interactions with the host have yet to be described in this model.We have then evaluated diverse parameters such as animal age, the inoculum dose and the exposition route on the pathology symptoms and immune responses developed by baboons following B. pertussis B1917 strain inoculation in order to draw a parallel with human clinical data. We also developed in this model in vivo imaging techniques like confocal endomicroscopy coupled with bronchoscopy in order to evaluate bacterial colonization kinetics, localization and some interactions in the lower respiratory tract of infected baboons. Then, this study brought additional data on whooping cough physiopathology in this baboon model, which will be crucial for evaluating future prevention strategies against pertussis disease
Apak, Aycan. "Assessment Of Immune Protective Capacity Of The Recombinant Iron-superoxide Dismutase (fesod) From Bordetella Pertussis." Master's thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613998/index.pdf.
Full textTohama I&rsquo
and sequentially cloned to pGEM®
-T subcloning and pET-28a(+) expression vectors. Afterwards sodb/pET28a(+) construct was introduced to E. coli BL21(DE3) cells and the gene was overexpressed therein via IPTG induction. The expressed FeSOD protein was then purified by affinity chromatography and its previously reported immunogenicity was confirmed by Western blot. After filter-sterilization, the protein was adsorbed to alum [Al(OH)3] adjuvant and introduced to BALB/c twice at three weeks intervals intraperitoneally at a concentration of 20 &mu
g purified FeSOD protein/mouse. Another group of mice were immunized in tandem with heat-inactivated whole-cell suspension of B. pertussis. Ten days after the second immunization, mice were intranasally challenged with the local &lsquo
Saadet&rsquo
strain of B. pertussis. Next the lungs of groups of mice were excised, homogenized and plated as serial dilutions on days 5, 8 and 14 post-challenge, and viable lung CFU counts were carried out. Whole cell immunization conferred complete bacterial clearance following B. pertussis intranasal infection while FeSOD immunization failed to attain such protection. In addition to the protectivity assay, ELISA was performed to assess the humoral (i.e. IgG) immune response triggered upon FeSOD- and whole-cell immunizations and a statistically significant increase in anti-FeSOD IgG production was observed in FeSOD-immunized group. Finally, cellular immune response was tested via cytokine (IFN-&gamma
) assay, in which spleens of mice were excised, splenocytes were cultured and the level of IFN-&gamma
production upon FeSOD addition to the cultures was measured via ELISA. This test showed that whole-cell immunization triggered IFN-&gamma
production at significant levels while FeSOD-immunization did not
indicating the failure of alum-adsorbed FeSOD immunization in inducing cell-mediated immune response.