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1
Mikheeva, I. V., N. N. Fomkina, and M. A. Mikheeva. "MODERN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF WHOOPING COUGH IN MOSCOW." Journal Infectology 11, no. 1 (March 30, 2019): 84–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.22625/2072-6732-2019-11-1-84-91.
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The goal of the study was the identification of epidemiological features of whooping cough and assessment of economic losses due to this disease in Moscow.Materials and methods. The retrospective descriptive epidemiological research is conducted. The statistical data on incidence of whooping cough in the Russian Federation and in Moscow from 2009 to June, 2018, the reports on registration of whooping cough cases as well as the results of laboratory testing on whooping cough in Moscow in 2017 have been studied. The general losses from whooping cough in Moscow in 2017 have been calculated.Results. The whooping cough incidence in Moscow considerably influences a situation on this infection in the country in general as more than 20% of all cases of whooping cough in Russia are registered in the capital, where the incidence exceed by 1.5–2.5 times the average country level. The incidence of whooping cough among children of 7–14 years and the share of this group of population in the structure of the whooping cough cases have increased in Moscow, and outbreaks of pertussis at schools are observed. In Moscow the general losses due to whooping cough in children of 7–14 years in 2017 were estimated as 19.72 million rubles. High performance of vaccinal prevention of whooping cough is confirmed: in Moscow in 2017 the coefficient of epidemiological efficiency of vaccination among children of 6-12 months was 97.7%, among children at the age of 1 year – 82.6%, 2 years -79.9%, 3 years – 74.9%. Weighted average of direct loss from a case of whooping cough was estimated as 31182.2 rubles. The general losses due to whooping cough in Moscow in 2017 were 67.88 million rubles.Conclusion. It is necessary to take additional measures for vaccinal prevention of whooping cough at children of school age and to support the high level of coverage by timely immunization of children of the first year of life. For assessment of economic feasibility of vaccinal prevention of whooping cough it is necessary to consider the size of economic losses due to this disease.
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Mikheeva, I. V., T. S. Saltykova, and M. A. Mikheeva. "Expediency and prospects of a vaccinal prevention of whooping cough without age restrictions." Journal Infectology 10, no. 4 (December 30, 2018): 14–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.22625/2072-6732-2018-10-4-14-23.
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The goal of study was the epidemiological substantiationof optimization measures of a vaccinal prevention of whooping cough in the Russian Federation. Materials and methods. The retrospective descriptive epidemiological research has been conducted by analysis of the official statistical data on the whooping cough case rate (form No. 2) in 2005–2017 in the Russian Federation, as well as the data about preventive whooping cough inoculations (forms No. 5, No. 6) in 2005–2017 and about epidemic outbreakes in 2017 (form No. 23-17). The assessment of an economic damage from whooping cough in 2005-2017 has been carried out. Results. The following adverse characteristics of a modern epidemiological situation on whooping cough in Russia are shown: long-term recurrence of epidemic process, tendency of rising of a case rate of children of 0-2 years; high percentage of children of preschool and school age among whooping cough cases; prevalence among the patients with whooping cough of the children who have been vaccinated against this infection previously, epidemic outbreakes in children’s collectives, the stability of a case rate of teenagers and adults with prevalence of the mild and the erased clinical forms of this infection. The risks due to weaknesses of the whooping cough vaccinal prevention are noted: the insufficient immunization coverage owing to falce contraindications and refusals of parents of vaccinations of children, noncompliance with terms and intervals between inoculations, lack of domestic vaccine for revaccination of children at the age of 5 years and older. Conclusion. It is necessary to introduce in the national vaccination schedule a preschool booster dose for children at the age of 6 and adolescents at 14 years with the combined reduced antigen content tetanus–diphtheria and acellular pertussis vaccines as well as the inoculations of this vaccine according to epidemiological indications to health workers, employees of educational institutions. A revaccination against whooping cough is recommended as “cocoon” for the persons contacting to not vaccinated child under 1 year of age.
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Hansman, David J. "Whooping cough: diagnosis, prevalence and prevention." Medical Journal of Australia 146, no. 10 (May 1987): 511–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1987.tb120388.x.
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Oakley, Simon, and Adrian Kilcoyne. "The whooping cough epidemic: prevention and treatment." Practice Nursing 23, no. 12 (December 2012): 604–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/pnur.2012.23.12.604.
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Borisova, O. Yu, N. T. Gadya, A. S. Pimenova, M. S. Petrova, O. P. Popova, V. A. Aleshkin, L. I. Kafarskia, et al. "Structure of Population of Strains of the Bordetella pertussis in the Russia." Epidemiology and Vaccine Prevention 15, no. 4 (August 20, 2016): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.31631/2073-3046-2016-15-4-22-28.
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Relevance. Despite more than 50 years of successful experience with pertussis immunization, pertussis remains an important public health problem. WHO estimated 16 million people worldwide are infected per year, a significant number of whom are children under 1 year of age. In the last 10 years a significant increase in the incidence of whooping cough has been observed in many countries with a high immunization coverage level. In Russia, specific prevention of whooping cough, is held since 1959. Specific prevention of whooping cough has led to considerable improvement of an epidemiological situation and has shown its social and economic importance for maintenance of sanitary and epidemiologic wellbeing on this infection in Russia. Goal. Study the structure of population B. pertussis circulating in Russia in dynamics of whooping cough epidemic process. Materials and methods Studied 573 B. pertussis strains allocated from patients with whooping cough in 1948 - 2015 used multilocus sequence typing (MAST). Isolates divided in five groups: 1948 - 1969 - 37 strains, isolated in the vaccination period and the first ten years of mass childhood immunization; 1970 - 1989 - 63 strains; 1990 - 2005 - 203 strains (from G.N. Gabrichevsky Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology collection); 2006 - 2012 - 185 strains; 2013 - 2015 - 85 strains. Genotyping of strains was carried out according to the scheme MAST2 on the basis of a sequence of fragments of genes of ptxP-fim3-prn. Results of sequencing-typing were computed in the CromasLite program, identification of alleles and sequencing types carried out on EMBL/GenBank. Results. Formation of population of B.pertussis strains during more than 50 years went on the way of consecutive change of vaccinal genotype strains with strains of new nonvaccinal genotypes. Conclusions. Modern population of the causative agent of whooping cough is presented by the strains of genotype 322 and 329 possessing high virulence and causing heavier clinical course of disease.
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Magomedov, M. G., Kh N. Abdurazakova, Z. Z. Surkhaeva, S. O. Omarova, Z. M. Gasanova, and A. M. Magomedova. "Assessment of the epidemic situation of measles, whooping cough and mumps in the Republic of Dagestan." Sanitarnyj vrač (Sanitary Doctor), no. 8 (August 8, 2022): 540–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/med-08-2208-02.
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Epidemiological analysis of data on the incidence of measles, whooping cough and mumps in the Republic of Dagestan for the period 2010–2020. A retrospective epidemiological analysis of the data on the incidence of measles, whooping cough and mumps in the Republic of Dagestan for the period 2010–2018 was carried out. Materials on the coverage of planned vaccinations are analyzed. Statistical data processing was performed using the MS Exсel 2010 software package. In 2020, in the Republic of Dagestan, the measles incidence rate per 100 thousand population was 16,43 compared to 27,0 in 2019, 79.5 % of those who were not vaccinated against measles accounted for — 53.1 % fell ill due to refusals. The peak rates of whooping cough incidence are observed in 2018–2019 (8.0 and 7.19, respectively, per 100 thousand of the population). The main contingent is children — 97.9 %, of which 96.3 % are due to parental refusal. In terms of the incidence of mumps, the Republic of Dagestan ranks first in 2017–2018 (87.15 and 45.3 per 100 thousand population), with an excess of the all-Russian indicator (2.19) by 39.8 times, that is, 68 % of those who have been ill in the country are residents of Dagestan. Among those who fell ill with mumps, the share of unvaccinated persons was 65.6 %, of which 78.4 % were children under 17 years of age with refusal of vaccination. Based on a retrospective epidemiological analysis of the incidence of measles, whooping cough and mumps in the Republic of Dagestan for the period 2010–2020, it can be concluded that the intensity of the epidemic process of these diseases has increased, which is an unfavorable prognostic sign. The main reason for the epidemiological problems and the spread of these infections among the population of the Republic of Dagestan is the increase in the number of refusals of preventive vaccinations. It is necessary to strengthen the educational and organizational activities of medical workers for the purpose of hygienic education of the population on the prevention of immune-controlled infections.
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Ebert, L. Ya. "The experience of using dibazol for the prevention of influenza in children's groups during the 1962 epidemic." Kazan medical journal 43, no. 6 (October 19, 2021): 44–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kazmj83246.
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Dibazol is currently widely used in the treatment of various diseases. Often it is used in a children's clinic, in particular for flaccid paresis and sensitivity disorders of various origins (NN Anosov and MA Rozin, 1956, etc.). A. Ya. Broitman (1956) used dibazol in the treatment of whooping cough.
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Sato, Yuji, and Hiroko Sato. "Acellular pertussis vaccine as a solution to the prevention of whooping cough." Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases 5, no. 3 (June 1992): 399–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001432-199206000-00014.
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Sutovskaya, Diana V., Alla V. Burlutskaya, Larisa V. Dubova, and Daria R. Krylova. "Use of a combined acellular vaccine against pertussis infection in children over four years of age: a cross-sectional study." Russian Pediatric Journal 24, no. 3 (July 16, 2021): 168–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.46563/1560-9561-2021-24-3-168-172.
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An increase in the incidence of whooping cough has been noted in recent years in both unvaccinated and vaccinated children and adults. In Russia, recently, new possibilities of protection against pertussis infection have appeared for children over four years old and adults. Purpose: to analyze the specific immunoprophylaxis and safety of the vaccine against diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis for children over four years old in Krasnodar. Materials and methods. We examined 393 children over four years and 125 adults who were immunized with a vaccine for the prevention of diphtheria (with a reduced antigen content), tetanus, pertussis (acellular), combined, adsorbed (Adasel) at the SKIB city hospital in Krasnodar in the period from July 2018 until October 2019. The respondents had a vaccination history and did not suffer from whooping cough, according to medical records. Results. The number of people vaccinated with acellular vaccine doubled among the child population (2018 - 129; 2019 - 264) and adults (2018 - 39; 2019 - 86). General post-vaccination reactions among children amounted to 12.2% (48), weak responses prevailed - 36 (9.2%), strong responses were found in 12 people (3%). In adults, general post-vaccination responses were not observed. Local post-vaccination reactions among children amounted to 38.2% (150), weak reactions prevailed - 103 (26.2%), strong ones were found in 47 children (12%). Conclusions. During the study period, immunoprophylaxis with this vaccine doubled, showing a satisfactory safety profile. However, to reduce the incidence of whooping cough, it is advisable to examine the immunological protection and conduct revaccination with a booster dose to achieve stable post-vaccination immunity.
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Nesterova, Yu V., A. Yu Medkova, I. V. Babachenko, E. G. Semin, E. L. Kalisnikova, L. N. Sinyashina, and G. I. Karataev. "CLINICAL-DIAGNOSTIC VALUE OF BORDETELLA PERTUSSIS GENETIC MARKERS IN CONTACT PERSONS IN FAMILIAL FOCI." Journal Infectology 11, no. 1 (March 30, 2019): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.22625/2072-6732-2019-11-1-17-24.
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Goal. Evaluation of duration and frequency of Bordetella pertussis DNA detection in contact persons in family foci of whooping-cough.Materials and methods. 116 persons from 59 family foci of pertussis were examined in contact with sick young children. The DNA of B. pertussis bacteria in nasopharyngeal swabs was detected by real-time PCR (PCR-RV) using a test system developed at Gamaleya Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology (Moscow). The bacterial load and the duration of the release of genomic equivalents (GE) of B. pertussis DNA were determined in dynamics at 1, 3 and 6 months.Results. Among the contact persons in family foci, adults accounted for 59,48%, adolescents and schoolchildren – 10,35% and 12,07% respectively. Cough was absent in 35,34% of contact persons, 20,69% had a rare dry cough, 24,14% had a dry compulsive cough and 19,83% had a typical cough. None of the contact family members were diagnosed with whooping cough, although 64.66% of the patients had clinical signs of the disease, mainly its atypical form (44.83%). Among the carriers of B. pertussis adults accounted for 82.92%, among patients with atypical forms of whooping cough – 51.92%. In the study of nasopharyngeal swabs using the PCR-RV method, it was found that 86.10% of the contact persons detected DNA of B. pertussis. After 3 months in 90% of the contacts, the DNA of pertussis causative agent was detected in a minimum amount of 101-102GE/ml in the sample. After 6 months, B. pertussis was sanitized in 50% of the examined patients. 12.5% of the samples identified avirulent forms of the causative agent of pertussis, formed as a result of movement of IS481 in operon bvgAS.The conclusion. In 86.1% of contact persons in family foci for a long time (from 3 to 6 months), detection of genetic markers of the causative agent of pertussis from the nasopharynx was noted, including 35.34% of those examined in the absence of cough. This, along with the reported genetic mutation in operon bvgAS in 12.5% of cases, can characterize the presence of persistence of B. pertussis, explaining its preservation in circulation in the conditions of mass vaccine prevention.
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Green, David, Giuseppe Labriola, Laura Smeaton, and Michelle Falconer. "Prevention of neonatal whooping cough in England: The essential role of the midwife." British Journal of Midwifery 25, no. 4 (April 2, 2017): 224–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjom.2017.25.4.224.
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Bogvilenе, Y. A., G. P. Martynova, S. V. Evreimova, B. L. Komarova, and A. V. Karasev. "Pertussis in Children: Clinical and Epidemiological Features, the Possibilities of Vaccine Preventio." Epidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention 20, no. 6 (January 5, 2022): 56–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.31631/2073-3046-2021-20-6-56-62.
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Relevance. Despite the specific immunization carried out, pertussis still has great medical and social significance for pediatricians, since it continues to remain a common bacterial infection, involving children of different age groups in the epidemic process. The lack of persistent immunity to whooping cough, combined with a high susceptibility index, contributes to an increase in the incidence among schoolchildren and adolescents, who are diagnosed only during epidemiological and laboratory examinations, and who, in most cases, serve as sources of infection for young children. Aim. To study the clinical and epidemiological features of whooping cough in children aged 0 to 14 years hospitalized in an infectious diseases hospital under conditions of mass vaccine prevention, as well as to identify the features of the disease in vaccinated people using the example of an outbreak of the disease in an organized group. Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of 164 case histories of children diagnosed with Pertussis hospitalized in the infectious hospital of the Regional Interdistrict Children’s Clinical Hospital № 1 in Krasnoyarsk in 2015–2019, as well as 25 outpatient records of patients identified during the epidemiological investigation of the focus of infection in December 2019 was carried out. For the etiological interpretation of the diagnosis of whooping cough, a comprehensive laboratory examination was carried out using bacteriological, serological and molecular genetic research methods. Results. According to official statistics, in the Krasnoyarsk territory in 2019, among children with pertussis, patients aged 7 to 17 prevailed (38,7%). At the same time, in the age structure of patients hospitalized in a hospital, the primary importance was occupied by children of the first year of life, unvaccinated against this disease. Most of them were diagnosed with a moderate form of the disease with frequent development of complications from the respiratory and nervous systems. At the same time, among schoolchildren and adolescents, as a rule, who have received a completed course of vaccination, there is an atypical, erased course of the disease, while the difficulties of its diagnosis lead to a high incidence of pertussis in children of the first year of life who have not yet been protected by vaccination. Conclusions. Despite the high coverage of decreed groups with preventive vaccinations against whooping cough in the Krasnoyarsk territory, an assessment of the state of specific immunity based on the results of a serological survey conducted in 2019 revealed 50.6% of seronegative individuals already at the age of 3–4 years, which confirms the need to improve the schemes immunization against this disease; and inclusion of pertussis vaccination in the regional immunization schedule.
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Argondizo-Correia, Carolina, Ana Kelly Sousa Rodrigues, and Cyro Alves de Brito. "Neonatal Immunity toBordetella pertussisInfection and Current Prevention Strategies." Journal of Immunology Research 2019 (February 10, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7134168.
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Bordetella pertussisis the bacterial agent of whooping cough, an infectious disease that is reemerging despite high vaccine coverage. Newborn children are the most affected, not only because they are too young to be vaccinated but also due to qualitative and quantitative differences in their immune system, which makes them more susceptible to infection and severe manifestations, leading to a higher mortality rate comparing to other groups. Until recently, prevention consisted of vaccinating children in the first year of life and the herd vaccination of people directly in touch with them, but the increase in cases demands more effective strategies that can overcome the developing immune response in early life and induce protection while children are most vulnerable.
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Gasilina, E. S., S. M. Kitajchik, I. A. Gorelova, N. P. Kabanova, O. A. Fedoseeva, I. Yu Bogoyavlenskaya, O. M. Revtovich, N. M. Bochkareva, G. V. Santalova, and A. A. Frank. "PERTUSSIS IN CHILDREN – CLINICAL AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS IN THE SAMARA REGION." Journal Infectology 10, no. 3 (October 7, 2018): 54–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.22625/2072-6732-2018-10-3-54-60.
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Objective:to study the features of the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of whooping cough in children in the Samara region.Materials and methods: 389 cases of pertussis in the Samara region for 2015–2016 were analyzed.Results: it is shown that in spite of 95–98% vaccination coverage, in recent years there has been an increase in the incidence of whooping cough. Seasonality of morbidity remains. Among the children observed, the youngest children were not vaccinated against pertussis. The clinical picture of the disease remains typical with the classic course of catarrhal and spasmodic periods. Moderately severe forms of the disease predominate. Complications were noted mainly in unvaccinated children of the first year of life. The most frequent complications were pneumonia and apnea. There is a hypodiagnosis of pertussis in outpatient conditions. Infection often occurs under the mask of ARVI, while the sensitivity of the bacteriological method of diagnosis is zero. Of the methods for confirming the diagnosis, the most reliable is ELISA and PCR.Conclusion: these epidemiological and clinical features of pertussis current testify to the need to further improve methods of early diagnosis, especially express methods, etiopathagenetic treatment, specific prevention, antiepidemic measures in the foci of infection.
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Tanaka, H., M. Kaji, K. Higuchi, H. Kawazoe, N. Shinohara, M. Norimatsu, M. Ninomiya, N. Fukuoka, and H. Houchi. "Effect and Adverse Effect of Erythromycin Internal Use for Prevention of Whooping Cough Infection." International Journal of Infectious Diseases 12 (December 2008): e229. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2008.05.570.
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Rybachok, Oksana. "April 20 to 26, 2020 – World Immunization Week." Spravočnik vrača obŝej praktiki (Journal of Family Medicine), no. 4 (April 1, 2020): 76–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/med-10-2004-10.
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Infectious diseases in the modern world continue to claim millions of human lives despite the achievements of medicine. While in developed countries the main cause of death is cancer and diseases of the cardiovascular system, it is the infectious processes that occupy leading positions in the structure of mortality in the third world countries. About 1.7 million children die from infections that could have been avoided by vaccination according to the World Health Organization. In contrast to the countries of Western Europe, where preventive vaccinations for the population are carried out for a fee, preventive vaccination in the Russian Federation is funded by the state. Immunoprophylaxis includes not only prevention of 12 major infections included in the calendar of preventive vaccinations (diphtheria, polio, tetanus, whooping cough, tuberculosis, measles, rubella, mumps, hepatitis B, pneumococcal infections and haemophilus influenzae, influenza), but also vaccination against 17 additional infections in case of epidemiological indications.
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Tyukavkina, S. U., and G. G. Kharseeva. "Whooping cough: epidemiology, biological features of Bordetella Pertussis, laboratory diagnostics and specific prophylaxis." Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases 19, no. 4 (August 15, 2014): 50–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/eid40829.
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The problem of epidemiology, laboratory diagnosis and specific prophylaxis of pertussis remains to be relevant because the level of the morbidity rate of this infection ‘managed’ by vaccination is rising, despite the wide coverage of immunization of the child population. Knowledge of the distribution and the course ofpertussis infection, Bordetella pertussis strains circulating in modern conditions, factors of pathogenicity of the causative agent and mechanisms of pathogenesis of the disease is important as wellfor medical students as for physicians ofvarious specialties - not only pediatricians, but also therapeutists, pulmonologists, microbiologists, epidemiologists and etc. It is worth to consider principles of laboratory diagnosis of pertussis and difficulties to which the laboratory service is faced at this as well as the comparative characteristics of traditional and express methods for diagnosing of pertussis infection - possible and regulated for implementation by basic bacteriological labotories in the territory of Russian Federation. Fundamentals of pertussis vaccination as the only effective means for prevention of mass outbreaks of this disease are also considered in the framework of the proposed lecture.
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Korableva, Natalya N. "Apparent life-threatening events in neonates and infants of the first year of life." Russian Pediatric Journal 19, no. 5 (April 30, 2019): 302–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/1560-9561-2016-19-5-302-308.
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There are presented data on the apparent life-threatening event (ALTE) that may develop as a sudden, frightening episode with the cessation of breathing (apnea), skin discoloration (cyanosis, pallor, redness), violation of muscle tone: lowering (more often) or rigidity, with the presence of cough or breathlessness in the first year infant. ALTE incidence ranges from 0.46 to 10 per 1000 live births. Common causes of ALTE are established to be gastroesophageal reflux disease, viral infections of the lower respiratory tract, convulsions, whooping cough, sepsis and/or meningitis, arrhythmias or congenital malformations of the heart and respiratory hypoxic-ischemic brain damage, cases of child abuse. There are described history characteristics and features of the examination of ALTE survivors. Most of the ALTE babies are indicated to require hospitalization for cardiorespiratory monitoring within 24 hours after the event. A child older than 30 days suffered from first ALTE clearly associated with feeding, can be observed and examined on an outpatient basis. There is notes particular importance of the new medical and organizational technologies for the improvement of newborn health care, which will significantly promote the prevention of these conditions.
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Fugare, Akshay G., Rajkumar V. Shete, Vishal S. Adak, and Krishna Murthy G. "A Review on Pongamia pinnata (L.): Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Properties." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 11, no. 1-s (February 15, 2021): 207–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v11i1-s.4522.
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Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre is one of many plants with different medicinal properties where all its components have been used in the treatment and prevention of many forms of ailments in many countries as traditional medicine. The plant extract shows anti-diarrhoeal, anti-fungal, anti-plasmodial, anti-ulcer, anti-inflammatory, anti-nociceptive, anti-hyperglycaemic, anti-hyperammonic, anti-lipoxidative, anti-oxidant and analgesic activities. For gums, teeth and ulcers, roots are used for cleaning. For bleeding piles, bark is used internally. Traditionally, different parts of the P. pinnata plant are said to be used to treat bronchitis, whooping cough, rheumatism, diarrhea, dyspepsia, flatulence, gonorrhea and leprosy, to name a few. Oil is a source of biodiesel, an alternative, sustainable, nutritious and non-pollutant. The present Knowledge of traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological activities according to parts of the Pongamia pinnata plant is discussed in this study.
Keywords: Fabaceae, Pongamia pinnata, Phytochemistry, Pharmacological properties.
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Сергиенко, Е. Н., Н. А. Рыбак, И. В. Федорова, and В. С. Высоцкая. "Clinical and Epidemiological Features of Pertussis in the Republic of Belarus and Modern Strategy of Vaccination (Part 2)." Педиатрия. Восточная Европа, no. 4 (January 25, 2023): 465–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.34883/pi.2022.10.4.002.
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Введение. Коклюш (болезнь 100-дневного кашля) является заразным бактериальным заболеванием, начальные симптомы которого похожи на симптомы обычной простуды (насморк, лихорадка, кашель) с последующим развитием сильного приступообразного кашля. Знание особенностей течения коклюшной инфекции в современных условиях важно для врачей различных специальностей для своевременного выявления, проведения лабораторного обследования и назначения адекватной терапии. Профилактика коклюша заключается в основном в вакцинации, и первоначальная иммунизация рекомендуется в возрасте от шести до восьми недель, причем четыре дозы следует вводить в течение первых двух лет жизни. Защита от коклюша со временем снижается, поэтому детям старшего возраста и взрослым рекомендуются дополнительные дозы вакцины. Кроме того, вакцинация во время беременности эффективна для защиты ребенка от коклюша в уязвимые первые месяцы жизни и рекомендуется во многих странах мира. Цель. Изучение клинических особенностей коклюша в Республике Беларусь в условиях существующей тактики вакцинопрофилактики. Материалы и методы. Проведен ретроспективный анализ карт стационарного пациента 385 детей, находящихся на лечении в УЗ «Городская детская инфекционная клиническая больница» г. Минска за период 2018–2021 гг. Результаты. Клинические проявления инфекции в большинстве случаев типичны и характеризуются наличием длительного приступообразного кашля (в 96%) с репризами (42%), рвотой (53,3%) и нередко в ночное время (42%). Заключение. Коклюш сохраняет свои типичные клинические проявления, течение болезни в основном легкое или среднетяжелое. При этом настороженность врачей в отношении данной инфекции невысокая. В Республике Беларусь остается актуальным вопрос совершенствования схем вакцинопрофилактики коклюшной инфекции с использованием современных вакцин. Introduction. Pertussis (100-day cough disease) is a contagious bacterial disease, the initial symptoms of which are similar to the symptoms of a common cold (runny nose, fever, cough), followed by the development of a severe paroxysmal cough. Knowing the features of pertussis infection course in modern conditions is important for medical practitioners of various specialties for timely detection, laboratory examination and prescription of adequate therapy. Prevention of pertussis consists mainly in vaccination, and the initial immunization is recommended at the age of six to eight weeks, with four doses to be administered during the first two years of life. Protection against whooping cough decreases over time, so additional doses of the vaccine are recommended for older children and adults. In addition, vaccination during pregnancy is effective for protecting a child from whooping cough in the vulnerable first months of life and is recommended in many countries worldwide. Purpose. To study clinical features of pertussis in the Republic of Belarus under current tactics of vaccination. Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of inpatient charts of 385 children treated at the Municipal Children’s Infectious Diseases Clinical Hospital in Minsk for the period 2018-2021 was carried out. Results. Clinical manifestations of infection are typical in most cases and are characterized by the presence of prolonged paroxysmal cough (in 96%) with reprises (42%), vomiting (53.3%), and often at night (42%). Conclusion. Pertussis has retained its typical clinical manifestations; and the course of the disease is mostly mild or moderate. At the same time, practitioners’ alertness towards this infection is low. In the Republic of Belarus, the issue of improving vaccination regimens for pertussis infection using modern vaccines remains relevant.
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Bazhanova, I. G., M. V. Britsina, N. U. Mertsalova, and M. N. Ozeretskovskaya. "Genetic variability of Bordetella pertussis and its role in vaccine prevention of pertussis." Journal of microbiology epidemiology immunobiology, no. 4 (September 2, 2019): 98–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.36233/0372-9311-2019-4-98-105.
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In many countries of the world despite the extensively vaccination against pertussis has increased the incidence of the whooping cough in all age group of the population. The MLST, MLVA and CGH investigations revealed the differences in genotypes between the vaccine strains B.pertussis and the circulating isolates B.pertussis in consequence of adaptation of the bacterium B.pertussis to the immunized hosts. It is lead to waning immynity and outbreak of incidence of pertussis. The mutations in the genes encoding the major virulence factors, the allelic polimorfism and decreasing the genome size of B.pertussis strains are the basis of the B.pertussis adaptation to the immunized hosts and dependent on the type of the vaccine used for immunization Programme. In countries that use acellular pertussis vaccine for vaccination programme the dominant isolates genotypes are: ptxА1-ptxС2- ptxР3-prn2- tcfA2-1-fim3-2 и ptxА1- ptxС2- ptxР3-prnА2- tcfA2- fim2-1- fim3-1, and that use the cellular pertussis vaccine the dominant isolates genotypes are ptxА1-ptxС1- ptxР1-prn1- tcfA2- fim2-2 fim3-1 и ptxА1- ptxС1- ptxР1- prn2- tcfA2- fim2-1- fim3-1. The constant monitoring of the genotypes of isolates B.pertussis is necessary to reveal the dominant genotypes and include them in the national immunization programme in combination with vaccine strains B.pertussis.
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Федорова, И. В., Е. Н. Сергиенко, В. С. Высоцкая, and Н. А. Рыбак. "Clinical and Epidemiological Features of Pertussis in the Republic of Belarus and Modern Strategy of Vaccination (Part 1)." Педиатрия. Восточная Европа, no. 3 (November 3, 2022): 311–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.34883/pi.2022.10.3.002.
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Введение. Коклюш – высококонтагиозная бактериальная инфекция, вызываемая микробом Bordetella pertussis. До введения массовой специфической профилактики большинство людей заражались коклюшем в детском возрасте. Внедрение иммунопрофилактики оказало существенное влияние на эпидемиологический процесс, однако проблема коклюша остается актуальной, поскольку уровень заболеваемости этой вакциноуправляемой инфекцией ежегодно растет, несмотря на широкий охват вакцинацией детского населения. Знание особенностей распространения и течения коклюшной инфекции, циркуляции штаммов Bordetella pertussis, факторов патогенности возбудителя и механизмов патогенеза заболевания важно для врачей различных специальностей. Кроме того, существует ошибочное мнение о том, что коклюш – это типично детская инфекция, однако именно взрослые и подростки являются основными источниками инфекции для грудных детей и детей в возрасте до 5 лет.Цель. Изучение эпидемиологических особенностей коклюша в Республике Беларусь в условиях существующей тактики вакцинопрофилактики.Материалы и методы. Материалом для изучения параметров многолетней динамики заболеваемости коклюшем явились данные о случаях заболевания этой инфекцией, зарегистрированных на территории Республики Беларусь за период 2011–2020 гг. Результаты. За последние 10 лет среднемноголетний показатель инцидентности составил 4,9±0,23 случая на 100 000 населения. В многолетней динамике заболеваемости установлена выраженная тенденция к росту интенсивности эпидемического процесса, среднемноголетний темп прироста составил 17,5% (p<0,05).Заключение. Интенсивность эпидемического процесса и показатели заболеваемости имеют тенденцию к росту, несмотря на проводимую более 50 лет вакцинопрофилактику этого заболевания. Наибольшие показатели заболеваемости отмечаются среди детей в возрасте до 1 года и школьного возраста. Introduction. Pertussis is a highly contagious bacterial infection caused by the microbe Bordetella pertussis. Before the introduction of mass specific prevention, most people were infected with whooping cough in childhood. The introduction of immunoprophylaxis has had a significant impact on the epidemiological process; however, the problem of whooping cough remains relevant, since the incidence of this vaccine-controlled infection is increasing annually, despite the wide coverage of vaccinations of the child population. Knowledge of the peculiarities of the spread and course of pertussis infection, the circulation of Bordetella pertussis strains, pathogenicity factors of the causative agent and the mechanisms of pathogenesis of the disease is important for doctors of various specialties. In addition, there is a misconception that whooping cough is a typical childhood infection; however, it is adults and adolescents who are the main sources of infection for infants and children under the age of 5.Purpose. To study epidemiological features of pertussis in the Republic of Belarus under conditions of current vaccine prophylaxis tactics.Materials and methods. The material for studying the parameters of long-term dynamics of pertussis morbidity was data on cases of this infection registered in the territory of the Republic of Belarus for the period 2011–2020.Results. Over the past 10 years, the average long-term incidence rate was 4.9±0.23 cases per 100,000 population. In the long-term dynamics of morbidity, a pronounced trend towards increasing intensity of epidemic process was established; the average long-term growth rate was 17.5% (p<0.05).Conclusion. The intensity of epidemic process and morbidity rates tend to increase despite more than 50 years of vaccine prophylaxis against this disease. The highest incidence rates are observed among children under the age of 1 year and school age children.
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Monterrosa-Castro, Alvaro, Andrea Ramirez-García, and Teresa Beltrán-Barrios. "Benefits of maternal vaccination to prevent pertussis in infants." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 6, no. 10 (September 23, 2017): 4179. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20174392.
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Pertussis, also called whooping cough, is an infectious and preventable pathology that generates important child morbidity and mortality worldwide. There are different biological preparations for its use in infants, while for adolescents and adults is Tdap, (acellular vaccine of purified extracts of Bordetella pertussis (BP), combined with tetanus and diphtheria toxoid) that has been proposed as maternal vaccination (MV). The objective was to identify the benefits of MV in the prevention of childhood pertussis, a review was made in PubMed, Science Direct, EBSCOhosT, OvidSP and Embase databases (years 2008-2016) and an electronic alert system (January-April 2017). 1083 titles were identified and 44 articles were selected. After the MV (administered between 27 and 36 weeks of gestation) the passage of IgG-BP to the fetus is sufficient to generate adequate infant protection, generating two benefits: reducing infant morbidity (number of cases and hospital admissions) and decreasing mortality by pertussis. The MV offers 93% of effectiveness [95%CI: 81-97] and OR: 0.09 [95%CI: 0,03-0,25]. The MV is more favorable in each pregnancy than cocoon strategy, vaccination before pregnancy, before 26 weeks of gestation or in the postpartum. The use of MV is a safe and cost-effectiveness tool to prevent childhood pertussis.
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D’Agostino, Susan. "Utilization of EHR Provider Prompts to Maximize Adult Pertussis Immunization Rates." Journal of Doctoral Nursing Practice 9, no. 2 (2016): 183–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/2380-9418.9.2.183.
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Pertussis, commonly known as whooping cough, is a highly contagious but preventable bacterial infection. The increased prevalence may be attributable to the low rate of adults being vaccinated against the disease. The purpose of this pilot study was to examine how a computerized clinical reminder assists in improving adherence to adult pertussis immunization Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines. The study utilized a nonrandomized intervention-control design. Data were extracted from baseline patient electronic health records (EHRs; N = 352) and from patient EHRs used for intervention and control (n = 120); these were drawn from 2 primary care practices affiliated with an urban teaching hospital. Additional data collected concerned patient demographics, type of office visit, and health insurance coverage as related to pertussis vaccinations. Results indicated that a higher percentage of patients in the intervention group received the Tdap vaccination when compared to the baseline (p < .01) but not the control group (p = .47). Age (p = .04) and type of health insurance coverage (p = .03) influenced Tdap vaccination rates, whereas visit type approached significance (p = .08) and gender had no influence. The EHR clinical reminder may influence health care providers’ adherence to CDC recommendations for administering adult pertussis immunizations.
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Machado, Márcia Borges, and Saulo Duarte Passos. "SEVERE PERTUSSIS IN CHILDHOOD: UPDATE AND CONTROVERSY - SYSTEMATIC REVIEW." Revista Paulista de Pediatria 37, no. 3 (September 2019): 351–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1984-0462/;2019;37;3;00006.
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ABSTRACT Objective: Through a systematic review, this essay aimed at revising the concepts of severe pertussis, updating the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, antibiotic therapy and auxiliary therapeutic options for symptomatology and complications. Data sources: This review considered publications from the last 30years in the databases US National Library of Medicine (PubMed), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Literatura Latino-americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), Cochrane, Google Scholar, as well as protocols of the Ministry of Health and recommendations of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, related to childhood pertussis (whooping cough), with emphasis on its severe form. This research was based on keywords derived from the terms “pertussis”, “azithromycin”, “antitussives”, “leukocyte reduction” in Portuguese and English. Duplicate studies and those with unavailable full-text were excluded. Data synthesis: Among 556 records found, 54 were selected for analysis. Pertussis, as a reemerging disease, has affected all age groups, evidencing the transient immunity conferred by infection and vaccination. Severe cases occur in neonates and infants, with secondary viral and bacterial complications and malignant pertussis, a longside hyperleukocytosis, respiratory failure and shock. Macrolides continue to be the chosen antibiotics, while antitussives for coughing remain without efficacy. The prompt treatment in Intensive Care Units improved the prognostic in severe cases, and transfusion was promising among procedures for leukoreduction. Conclusions: Approaching severe pertussis in childhood remains a challenge for diagnostic and therapy, as the available therapeutic options are still unsatisfactory. Strategies of prevention are expected to reduce the occurrence of severe cases, while new studies should confirm the role of auxiliary therapies.
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Khan, Zubeda. "Immunisation and Infant Mortality in Pakistan." Pakistan Development Review 32, no. 4II (December 1, 1993): 1117–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v32i4iipp.1117-1123.
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Our children are our future and if we want them to grow up healthy and strong, we have to protect them from the six dreadful diseases through immunisation which attack them in early childhood. This can be achieved by giving the children one dose of BCG vaccine against tuberculosis and zero dose of Polio at birth [Government of Pakistan (1989»), three doses of DPT vaccine for prevention of diphtheria, whooping cough and tetanus. Three doses of polio vaccine and one dose of measles vaccine should be given before their first birthday. Since the mother is the agent through which a child can receive the vaccinations, it is important that mothers are made aware of the different kinds of immunisation for the children and the times in the child's age at which it should be given. This can only be done successfully, if the ministry of health launches a fullscale publicity programme. For this purpose, the services of local influential persons, for example the Imams of mosques and school teachers should be sought. Social workers and volunteers should also be included in the publicity programme. An extensive advertising campaign through display of posters about the six preventable diseases shown at all prominent public places, at the hospitals and the health centres should be done. Pamphlets should be handed out in the public, and even supplied on every door step. Public awareness can be increased through radio and television.
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Saldan, I. P., I. V. Smagina, and S. A. Elchaninova. "Environmental factors and a risk for multiple sclerosis in the Altai Territory." Neurology, Neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics 10, no. 4 (December 15, 2018): 52–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.14412/2074-2711-2018-4-52-58.
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Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic dysimmune neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system, the risk of which depends on genetic and environmental factors. The Altai Territory of the Russian Federation shows an increase in the prevalence of MS from 15.5 cases per 100,000population in 1984 to 56.1 in 2017.Objective: to identify potential environmental risk factors for MS in the Altai Territory.Patients and methods. A one-stage randomized study using the method of analytical epidemiology covered 200patients with MS and 200 volunteers without this condition, the representatives of European ethnicity, who were born and lived in the Altai Territory. The investigators surveyed the patients, analyzed their medical records, and assessed the relationship of the prevalence of MS to the characteristics of the territories of residence.Results and discussion. The prevalence of MS was 1.8 times higher in cities and towns than in villages (p=0.003), in areas with heavy metal (lead and molybdenum) ore deposits, chemical and oil refineries located within a 5-km radius from the place of residence. The risk of MS is unassociated with measles, rubella, chicken pox, mumps, whooping cough, herpes infection, chronic nasopharyngeal bacterial infections, diabetes mellitus, allergic status, and contact with household, agricultural, metal, and medicinal poisons, organic solvents, and oil products.Conclusion.The identified environmental risk factors can serve as a basis for recommendations for the prevention of MS in persons at high genetic risk for this disease.
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Oztora, Serdar, Gozde Betul Gokcen, and Hamdi Nezih Dagdeviren. "Anti-Vaccination and Its Growing Importance." Eurasian Journal of Family Medicine 11, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 151–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.33880/ejfm.2022110302.
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In addition to vaccination being the most effective method of protection against infectious diseases, health organizations such as World Health Organization and Center for Disease Control and Prevention have reported that deaths due to infectious diseases have decreased and some diseases have been eradicated thanks to vaccination. Nevertheless, since the discovery of the first vaccine, anti-vaccination is a concept that has always existed. While individual immunity is achieved through vaccination, community immunity is achieved when a sufficient majority of the community is vaccinated. Ensuring community immunity is important to protect people who cannot be vaccinated due to special circumstances from infectious diseases. The more people who are vaccinated, the less likely it is that unvaccinated people will come into contact with the disease agent. Therefore, the frequency of that disease in the community also decreases. According to data of World Health Organization, vaccination currently prevents 3.5-5 million deaths each year from diseases such as influenza, measles, diphtheria, diphtheria, whooping cough and tetanus. Health literacy is a multifaceted concept that addresses people's capacity to meet health demands in modern societies. Health literacy is linked to literacy and includes the motivation and competencies of individuals in the process of accessing, understanding, evaluating and applying health-related information. Health literacy is associated with overall health status, hospitalizations, mortality rates and health care costs. Improving health literacy is therefore crucial to improve the relationship between individuals and the health system. Information about vaccines is complex and understanding this information requires a certain level of literacy. Therefore, if people have low levels of health literacy, it will be difficult to communicate this information to them. While health literacy is important in influencing an individual's perception of immunization, immunization is also important for public health. Keywords: vaccines, immunity, health literacy
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Kharit, S. M., and Yu E. Konstantinova. "International practice in vaccination of pregnant women against pertussis (a review)." Journal Infectology 13, no. 1 (March 30, 2021): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.22625/2072-6732-2021-13-1-29-37.
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Whooping cough is still an urgent health problem in Russia, despite the vaccination that has been carried out for many decades. The group at high risk of severe whooping cough and death from it is children under 1 year old who have not received routine vaccination or are not vaccinated by age (the first months of life). The world health organization recognizes vaccination of pregnant women as the most effective method of preventing whooping cough in children before they receive three routine vaccinations. World experience in immunization programs for pregnant women against pertussis shows that up to 91% of children under 3 months of life are protected from pertussis as a result of transplacental transmission of antibodies formed in the mother after her vaccination (which corresponds to the timing of vaccination of children against pertussis in Russia: the first vaccination at the age of 3 months). The maximum preventive effect for a child was observed when a pregnant woman was immunized at 28–32 weeks of gestation. The safety of vaccination for both mother and child is shown. No serious adverse events related to vaccination have been reported. Coverage of pregnant women with vaccination in different countries reaches 51-70%. In order to increase adherence to vaccination of pregnant women, medical personnel should be regularly trained in the basics of vaccination, as well as conduct active health education among the population.
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English, J. M. "Pertussin 30—Preventive for whooping cough?" British Homeopathic Journal 76, no. 02 (April 1987): 61–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0007-0785(87)80004-2.
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AbstractThe primary purpose of this study was to be a pilot for a further, larger study to determine whether the homœopathic preparation Pertussin 30c was effective in preventing whooping cough. It was recognized that neither the numbers involved, nor the method followed would of themselves be sufficient to prove efficacy, but it was hoped that a positive result would permit the conclusion to be drawn that a further study would be in the public interest.694 valid replies from 1100 questionnaires sent to the parents of children who had had Pertussin 30 were compared with Hillingdon District's notified figures. Hillingdon FPC provided evidence of a wide degree of variability in the notification rates of pertussis. When there were taken into account the result suggested a degree of activity for Pertissin in excess of 50%. Although the assumptions are reasonable in themselves, no claim can be made to have demonstrated the effect of Pertussin in a statistially valid way. It is reasonable, however, to conclude that there is a good technical case for further investigation to be undertake, although with rising immunization rates it may not be justified in terms of reward for its cost. The trial has helped to define a possible method for doing this, which is described.
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Briko, N. I., A. Ya Mindlina, I. V. Mikheeva, L. D. Popovich, and A. V. Lomonosova. "Modeling of the Potential Effect of Revaccination against Whooping Cough in Children Aged 6–7 and 14 years within the Framework of the National of preventive vaccinations." Epidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention 20, no. 5 (November 5, 2021): 4–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31631/2073-3046-2021-20-5-4-20.
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Relevance. Currently, the national calendar of preventive vaccinations does not provide for revaccination against whooping cough in children over the age of 18 months. At the same time, the epidemiological and economic feasibility of revaccination against whooping cough in children aged 6–7 years, as well as adolescents, has been demonstrated in world practice. Aim. Based on a mathematical model, develop a forecast of pertussis morbidity dynamics and assess the potential socio-economic damage under the current and expanded vaccine prophylaxis algorithms.Methods. Mathematical modeling of the potential effect of revaccination against whooping cough in children aged 6–7 years (scenario 1) and at 6–7 years and 14 years (scenario 2) was carried out within the framework of the national calendar of preventive vaccinations. A simulation dynamic mathematical model is constructed that allows predicting the development of the epidemiological process of whooping cough on the basis of the dynamics of the main indicators of its prevalence in the population that developed in previous years. The model took into account dynamic changes in the preventive effectiveness of vaccinations and the potential level of underestimation of morbidity. The obtained arrays of indicators served as the basis for extrapolating trends in morbidity and mortality until 2034.The calculation of epidemiological benefits was carried out in the metrics of prevented loss of years of life under the two scenarios under consideration in comparison with the current vaccination algorithm. The calculation of the economic effect was carried out on the basis of the obtained indicators of epidemiological benefits in the metrics of the monetary equivalent of the average cost of a year of life, taking into account the projected inflation coefficients until 2034.Results. The projected decrease in the number of years of life lived in a state of illness, in comparison with the current situation, will total 44.5 thousand years for the period 2019–2034 under scenario 1 and 66.7 thousand years under scenario 2. The socio-economic damage from prevented cases of the disease, expressed in the monetary equivalent of the average cost of living, will decrease by 28.6% (scenario 1) or 42.0% (scenario 2).Conclusions. A comparison of the received public benefits with the costs of vaccination shows that the expansion of the NCPP with additional revaccinations against whooping cough (at 6–7 years or at 6–7 and at 14 years) is advisable both in epidemiological and economic aspects.
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Taye, Solomon, Belay Tessema, Baye Gelaw, and Feleke Moges. "Assessment of Pertussis Vaccine Protective Effectiveness in Children in the Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia." International Journal of Microbiology 2020 (October 13, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8845835.
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Background. Bordetella pertussis is a human pathogen which causes pertussis, or whooping cough. The diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis immunization has significantly reduced the morbidity and mortality of pertussis globally. However, higher prevalence and resurgence of pertussis cases among both vaccinated and unvaccinated people has raised questions on the effectiveness of pertussis vaccine over time. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the protective effectiveness of pertussis vaccine in the Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia. Methods. A nested matched case-control study design approach was used with vaccinated individuals as cases and unvaccinated individuals as controls. The study was conducted from July 2018 to February 2019. Real-time (RT-) PCR assay was done to ascertain the presence of pertussis among clinically suspected patients. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were computed to estimate the crude and adjusted odds ratios (ORs), respectively. Vaccine effectiveness was calculated as (1 − OR) × 100. Adjusted OR with 95% CI and a P value <0.05 were used to assess statistical significance. Results. A total of 112 vaccinated and 223 unvaccinated controls were enrolled for the study. Of the total participants, 173/335 (51.6%) were males. The prevalence of pertussis among vaccinated was 35/112 (31.3%), whereas it was 84/223 (37.7%) among the control group. The adjusted matched vaccine protective effectiveness against B. pertussis infection following three doses of whole-cell vaccine was 25% among children aged between 6 and 9 years. Adjusted estimates of vaccine protective effectiveness for participants who had complete vaccination, stratified by time since last vaccination, were 50% at 6 years, 34% at 7 years, and 2% at 8–9 years since last vaccination. Conclusion. Despite the availability and good coverage of childhood vaccination, the effectiveness of pertussis vaccine was found to be low in the Amhara region, Ethiopia. Moreover, we observed declining trends in the protective effectiveness of the vaccine after 6 years of vaccination. Thus, by considering the waning nature of immune response which is induced by whole-cell vaccine during early life, booster dose is highly recommended to optimize pertussis prevention and control strategies.
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Cherdantsev, A. P., E. V. Prutskova, and M. P. Kostinov. "New features of pertussis vaccination." CHILDREN INFECTIONS 19, no. 2 (June 30, 2020): 58–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.22627/2072-8107-2020-19-2-58-63.
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The review provides information about the current features of the spread of whooping cough among children and adolescents. It is shown that there is a shift in morbidity to an older age group of the population, which is facilitated by changes in the properties of the pathogen and the widespread use of drugs based on cell-free technology as primary vaccination. Information is given about the possibility of preventing morbidity among schoolchildren and adults by introducing additional revaccinating doses against whooping cough with special drugs in the vaccination calendars. Information is given on effective protection of newborns against this infection by immunization of pregnant women. In our country, there is an opportunity to expand pertussis immunoprophylaxis among children of preschool-school age and adults within regional programs and individual vaccination with acellular pertussis-diphtheria-tetanus vaccines, which has a high profile of safety and immunological effectiveness.
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Mamchik, N. P., N. V. Gabbasova, T. N. Sitnik, and L. V. Steinke. "Pertussis in the Voronezh Region: Epidemiology and Vaccination." Epidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention 19, no. 2 (May 16, 2020): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.31631/2073-3046-2020-19-2-79-86.
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Relevance. In recent years, the increase in the incidence of pertussis has been observed in many countries despite high vaccination coverage of the child population.Purpose: was to study the epidemiological features of whooping cough in the Voronezh region for the period from 2008 to 2018 years.Methods. The research material was data the annual form No. 2, 5, 6 of Rosstat for 2008 through 2018. Statistical data processing was performed using Microsoft Excel 2007.Results. The epidemiological features of pertussis in the Voronezh region for the period from 2008 to 2018 have been studied. Despite the high coverage of preventive vaccinations in children of the first years of life, in recent years, the incidence of pertussis increased the average Russian rates by 3,5 times. In the age structure of the diseased there was a tendency to increase the proportion of schoolchildren and adults. Analysis of the reports showed that half of the cases were vaccinated at the prescribed age, but the interval after vaccination before the illness was an average of 9 years.Conclusions. In recent years, there has been a tendency to an increase in the incidence of whooping cough in the Voronezh region. The incidence of vaccinated indicates the natural extinction of post-vaccination immunity to school age and requires a decision on the introduction of revaccination of schoolchildren with actual acellular vaccines.
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Mamchik, N. P., N. V. Gabbasova, T. N. Sitnik, and L. V. Steinke. "Pertussis in the Voronezh Region: Epidemiology and Vaccination." Epidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention 19, no. 2 (May 16, 2020): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.31631/2073-3046-2020-20-2-79-86.
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Relevance. In recent years, the increase in the incidence of pertussis has been observed in many countries despite high vaccination coverage of the child population.Purpose: was to study the epidemiological features of whooping cough in the Voronezh region for the period from 2008 to 2018 years.Methods. The research material was data the annual form No. 2, 5, 6 of Rosstat for 2008 through 2018. Statistical data processing was performed using Microsoft Excel 2007.Results. The epidemiological features of pertussis in the Voronezh region for the period from 2008 to 2018 have been studied. Despite the high coverage of preventive vaccinations in children of the first years of life, in recent years, the incidence of pertussis increased the average Russian rates by 3,5 times. In the age structure of the diseased there was a tendency to increase the proportion of schoolchildren and adults. Analysis of the reports showed that half of the cases were vaccinated at the prescribed age, but the interval after vaccination before the illness was an average of 9 years.Conclusions. In recent years, there has been a tendency to an increase in the incidence of whooping cough in the Voronezh region. The incidence of vaccinated indicates the natural extinction of post-vaccination immunity to school age and requires a decision on the introduction of revaccination of schoolchildren with actual acellular vaccines.
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Babachenko, I. V., Yu V. Nesterova, Yu Yu Chernyshova, V. V. Karasev, L. M. Pochinyaeva, and E. L. Kalisnikova. "Clinical-epidemiological aspects of whooping cough in children in conditions of mass vaccinoprophylactics." Journal Infectology 11, no. 2 (May 17, 2019): 88–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.22625/2072-6732-2019-11-2-88-96.
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The aim of the study was to present clinical, epidemiological and laboratory characteristics of modern pertussis in hospitalized children, as well as to assess the frequency of pertussis infection as an etiological factor of long – term cough in children and adolescents.Materials and methods: medical records of 545 patients hospitalized in Children’s city clinical hospital №5 named after N.F. Filatov (Saint-Petersburg) in the period 2015–2017 were analyzed. Detailed clinical and laboratory analysis with subsequent follow-up of patients was carried out in 80 patients with pertussis aged 1 month to 18 years. The DNA of the causative agents of pertussis infection was identified by PCR using a commercial kit “AmpliSens Bordetella multi-FL” (Moscow); parallel was determined the bacterial load by quantitative PCRRT (real time) using test systems production, Gamaleya Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology (Moscow), allowing to detect a single genome-equivalents (GE) of B. pertussis in smears from the nasopharynx. Pertussis convalescents were examined 1, 3 and 6 months after discharge.Results. Among hospitalized children dominated the first 2 years of life (70.8%), 78% were unvaccinated children. The sources of infection for children of the first two years of life were family members in 77% of cases, for preschoolers-in 67%, for schoolchildren-in 14%. Patients of moderate severity were 81.1%, severe – 10.3%; mild – 7%. Of the specific complications, respiratory rhythm disturbances were notedin 11.6%, including respiratory arrest-in 2.8%; pneumonia of mixed etiology was recorded in 6.2% of cases. Introduction of PCR method allows to increase laboratory confirmation up to 87.2%. In 63.6% of cases pertussis of pertussis were detected by PCR genome-equivalents of DNA in 6 months from hospital discharge. In patients with long – term cough, pertussis wand DNA was detected in preschool children in 11.14% of cases, in patients 7–12 years – in 25.93%, in adolescents-in 20% of cases.Conclusion. Whooping cough is a common infection among schoolchildren and adolescents, despite the high coverage of young children with preventive vaccinations. Pertussis convalescents can release the DNA of the pathogen for a long time, which may have epidemiological significance for unvaccinated and those children and adults, who have lost postvaccinal immunity, in the foci of infection.
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Yu, Jianxing, Hanqing He, Yanyang Zhang, Yuan Gao, Chuanwei Chen, Juan Xu, Li Xu, et al. "Burden of whooping cough in China (PertussisChina): study protocol of a prospective, population-based case–control study." BMJ Open 12, no. 3 (March 2022): e053316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-053316.
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IntroductionPertussis is one of the top 10 diseases of children under 10 years of age, and the few vaccine-preventable diseases who is on a rise in China in recent years; however, the true burden of pertussis, including age-stratified incidence and risk factors of severe sequelae, are under-recognised. We aim to estimate the health burden of laboratory-confirmed pertussis by age groups, considering the setting of illness onset (ie, in community, outpatient and inpatient), in a Chinese population (~2.23 million in total) at two sites.Methods and analysisThis paper describes the study design of a 1-year, prospective, age-stratified and population-based case–control study, including site selection, study population, case registry, ascertainment and enrolment, control recruitment, follow-up of case, microbiological methods, data collection, quality control activities and statistical methods used to generate incidence estimates. During June 2021 through May 2022, registry of suspected pertussis cases (namely chronic/persistent cough) will be conducted in several participating hospitals (SHs) at the two sites, which are selected based on Healthcare Utilisation and Attitudes Surveys (HUAS) carried out before study initiation. A case–control study will be conducted in the SHs and we aim to enrol a total of 1000 suspected pertussis cases (ie, all hospital admissions and the first 1–3 outpatient visits each week each hospital) and 2000 frequency matched healthy controls in community. Our primary study outcome, the laboratory-confirmed Bordetella pertussis infection, will be determined by a comprehensive laboratory methods and procedures (ie, culture, PCR and serological tests) in both cases and controls at enrolment and during 60-day’s follow-up visits. Finally, data from HUAS (ie, population size), case registry (ie, the total number of suspected pertussis cases) and case–control study (ie, the prevalence or population attributable fraction of Bordetella pertussis) will be combined to calculate incidence and its 95% CI through bootstrap method. Epidemiological analyses will be conducted to determine the risk factors associated with severe sequelae of pertussis.Ethics and disseminationThis study has been approved by Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention’s Institutional Review Board (no. ICDC-202110). Results will be disseminated via academic presentations and publication in peer-reviewed journals, and will provide valuable scientific data and some new insights into the incidence, aetiology and risk factors for severe sequelae of pertussis to academic societies and the public health authorities who is currently struggling and fighting against this burdensome disease worldwide.
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Uriarte, Patricia Sancho, Sabino San José Rodríguez, Itxaso González Sancristobal, and Nerea Muniozguren Agirre. "Effectiveness of dTpa vaccination during pregnancy in preventing whooping cough in infants under 3 months of age. Bizkaia, Basque Country, Spain." Heliyon 5, no. 2 (February 2019): e01207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01207.
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Hairunnisa, Nur, and Besral Besral. "Determinant factors for giving the diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus immunization in West Java Province 2017." Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat 35, no. 2 (May 22, 2019): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/bkm.42304.
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Purpose: DPT-HB immunization is one of the mandatory basic immunizations given to children to prevent diphtheria, pertussis (whooping cough) and tetanus. In 2017, West Java was one of the provinces that reported Diphtheria Outbreaks with 14 deaths from 153 cases. This study aims to determine the relationship of parental education, area of residence, visits to health care facilities and insurance ownership of the provision of DPT-HB Immunization in children in West Java Province.Method: The study design was cross sectional. The sample in this study was based on secondary children record data of the 2018 IDHS consisting of DPT-HB/Pentavalent immunization; parental education; residential area; visits to health care facilities and ownership of health insurance.Results: The results of this study were obtained between parental education (p value: 0,0001, OR: 2,084) and the area of residence (p value: 0,028, OR: 0,637) having a relationship with DPT-HB / Pentavalent immunization.Conclusion: Parental education has the strongest relationship with the provision of DPT-HB / Pentavalent immunization in children. Better education will have a positive effect on increasing knowledge and changing behavior in preventing infectious diseases such as by providing complete immunization to children.
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Shulhai, O. M., M. I. Kinash, and A. M. A. Shulhai. "Reye’s-like syndrome in 13-year-old child (a case report)." Zaporozhye Medical Journal 24, no. 1 (January 26, 2022): 138–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.14739/2310-1210.2022.1.238606.
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The article reviews the literature about classical and atypical Reye’s syndrome, discusses the causes that contribute to its occurrence, provides criteria for diagnosis with the presentation of a Reye’s-like syndrome case in the 13-year-old child. Reye’s syndrome is a dangerous pathological condition characterized by acute encephalopathy and fatty degeneration of internal organs, mainly the liver. There are different viral and bacterial infections that precede the development of Reye’s syndrome, namely influenza, acute respiratory infections, chickenpox, entero- and rotavirus infections, whooping cough, mycoplasma infection, salmonellosis. For a treatment of these infections in the presence of fever, a number of drugs to lower the temperature, such as acetylsalicylic acid, ibuprofen, acetaminophen, diclofenac sodium is usually used. Case presentation. We observed the case of a teenage girl with Reye’s-like syndrome associated with coronavirus infection and antipyretic drug intake in the clinic. Conclusions. Given the changes in the internal organs, namely the development of hepatic steatosis, therapy of such patients should be aimed at preventing fatty degeneration. In addition to classic Reye’s syndrome, there is an atypical Reye’s syndrome or Reye’s-like syndrome, which mainly occurs in children under 5 years old with congenital disorders of fatty acid metabolism. Dosages of prescribing antipyretic drugs should be strictly based on the child’s age and weight.
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Wolfe, Daniel N., Girish S. Kirimanjeswara, Elizabeth M. Goebel, and Eric T. Harvill. "Comparative Role of Immunoglobulin A in Protective Immunity against the Bordetellae." Infection and Immunity 75, no. 9 (June 25, 2007): 4416–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.00412-07.
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ABSTRACT The genus Bordetella includes a group of closely related mammalian pathogens that cause a variety of respiratory diseases in a long list of animals (B. bronchiseptica) and whooping cough in humans (B. pertussis and B. parapertussis). While past research has examined how these pathogens are eliminated from the lower respiratory tract, the host factors that control and/or clear the bordetellae from the upper respiratory tract remain unclear. We hypothesized that immunoglobulin A (IgA), the predominant mucosal antibody isotype, would have a protective role against these mucosal pathogens. IgA−/− mice were indistinguishable from wild-type mice in their control and clearance of B. pertussis or B. parapertussis, suggesting that IgA is not crucial to immunity to these organisms. However, naïve and convalescent IgA−/− mice were defective in reducing the numbers of B. bronchiseptica in the upper respiratory tract compared to wild-type controls. Passively transferred serum from convalescent IgA−/− mice was not as effective as serum from convalescent wild-type mice in clearing this pathogen from the tracheae of naive recipient mice. IgA induced by B. bronchiseptica infection predominantly recognized lipopolysaccharide-containing O-antigen, and antibodies against O-antigen were important to bacterial clearance from the trachea. Since an IgA response contributes to the control of B. bronchiseptica infection of the upper respiratory tract, immunization strategies aimed at inducing B. bronchiseptica-specific IgA may be beneficial to preventing the spread of this bacterium among domestic animal populations.
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Gorgojo, Juan, Eric T. Harvill, and Maria Eugenia Rodríguez. "Bordetella parapertussis Survives inside Human Macrophages in Lipid Raft-Enriched Phagosomes." Infection and Immunity 82, no. 12 (September 29, 2014): 5175–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.02553-14.
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ABSTRACTBordetella parapertussisis a human pathogen that causes whooping cough. The increasing incidence ofB. parapertussishas been attributed to the lack of cross protection induced by pertussis vaccines. It was previously shown thatB. parapertussisis able to avoid bacterial killing by polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) if specific opsonic antibodies are not present at the site of interaction. Here, we evaluated the outcome ofB. parapertussisinnate interaction with human macrophages, a less aggressive type of cell and a known reservoir of many persistent pathogens. The results showed that in the absence of opsonins, O antigen allowsB. parapertussisto inhibit phagolysosomal fusion and to remain alive inside macrophages. The O antigen targetsB. parapertussisto lipid rafts that are retained in the membrane of phagosomes that do not undergo lysosomal maturation. Forty-eight hours after infection, wild-typeB. parapertussisbacteria but not the O antigen-deficient mutants were found colocalizing with lipid rafts and alive in nonacidic compartments. Taken together, our data suggest that in the absence of opsonic antibodies,B. parapertussissurvives inside macrophages by preventing phagolysosomal maturation in a lipid raft- and O antigen-dependent manner. Two days after infection, about 15% of macrophages were found loaded with live bacteria inside flotillin-enriched phagosomes that had access to nutrients provided by the host cell recycling pathway, suggesting the development of an intracellular infection. IgG opsonization drastically changed this interaction, inducing efficient bacterial killing. These results highlight the need forB. parapertussisopsonic antibodies to induce bacterial clearance and prevent the eventual establishment of cellular reservoirs of this pathogen.
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Rinaldi, Ricky, Umi Baroroh, Fauzian Giansyah Rohmatulloh, Yusuf Sofyan Efendi, Mia Tria Novianti, Ade Rizqy Ridwan Firdaus, Toto Subroto, and Muhammad Yusuf. "In Silico Study of Pertussis Toxin S1 for Recombinant Pertussis Vaccine Development in Indonesia." Indonesian Journal of Computational Biology (IJCB) 1, no. 1 (October 21, 2022): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.24198/ijcb.v1i1.40911.
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Pertussis or whooping cough is a disease caused by Bordetella pertussis bacteria, and the spread disease can be controlled by vaccination. Currently, some pertussis toxoids are prepared by chemical modification, which makes it possible to change the immunospecificity. To avoid altering the structure of toxoids, genetic modification is considered more harmless than chemical modification. A mutant of R9K/E129G is known to have lower toxicity and can be used as a component of the pertussis vaccine. However, the reason behind the low toxicity of this toxoid at the molecular level remains unclear. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanism behind the low toxicity of R9K/E129G using molecular dynamics simulation. The structure of the mutant was built using the homology modeling approach, and the behavior of wild-type and mutant toxoid were studied by molecular dynamics simulation for 300 ns. The changes in the structure in all systems were calculated by POVME, which was further investigated by molecular docking with NAD+ as the substrate. The results showed that the active site of the wild type was opened in the reducing environment while the mutant remained closed, which hindered the binding of NAD+. In conclusion, the dual mutation of R9K/E129G reduces pertussis toxoid's toxicity by preventing the catalytic site's opening. Therefore, this natural mutant can be further optimized in the development of a safer vaccine for pertussis. Keywords: Pertussis toxin, R9K/E129G mutant, molecular dynamics simulation, NAD+ binding site, vaccine.
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Donnelly, Sheila, Christine E. Loscher, Marina A. Lynch, and Kingston H. G. Mills. "Whole-Cell but Not Acellular Pertussis Vaccines Induce Convulsive Activity in Mice: Evidence of a Role for Toxin-Induced Interleukin-1β in a New Murine Model for Analysis of Neuronal Side Effects of Vaccination." Infection and Immunity 69, no. 7 (July 1, 2001): 4217–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.69.7.4217-4223.2001.
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ABSTRACT Immunization with the whole-cell pertussis vaccine (Pw), while effective at preventing whooping cough in infants, has been associated with local, systemic, and neuronal reactions, including fevers and convulsions in children. In contrast, the new acellular pertussis vaccines (Pa) have a considerably improved safety profile. The lack of an appropriate animal model has restricted investigations into the mechanisms by which neurological reactions are induced by vaccination. Here we describe a novel murine model wherein seizure-like behavioral changes are induced following parenteral administration of Pw. The proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-β (IL-1β), production of which has been associated with many neurodegenerative conditions, was significantly increased in the hippocampus and hypothalamus of vaccinated animals. Accompanying this change was a decrease in release of the inhibitory neurotransmitters γ-aminobutyric acid and adenosine in the hippocampus. Seizure-like behavioral changes were significantly reduced following inhibition of IL-1β production by the administration of an inhibitor of IL-1β-converting enzyme and were almost completely abrogated in IL-1 receptor type I knockout mice. These results suggest a causal relationship between IL-1β induction and convulsive behavior following Pw vaccination. Significantly, Pa neither increased IL-1β nor induced behavioral changes in mice, but did induce the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. In contrast, administration of active pertussis toxin and lipopolysaccharide, residual in Pw but absent from Pa, also induced convulsive activity. Our findings provide the first direct evidence of an immunological basis for pertussis vaccine reactogenicity and suggest that active bacterial toxins are responsible for the neurologic disturbances observed in children immunized with Pw.
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Calvert, Anna, Konstantinos Karampatsas, Nick Andrews, Anna England, Bassam Hallis, Christine E. Jones, Asma Khalil, et al. "Optimising the Timing of whooping cough Immunisation in MUMs: a randomised controlled trial investigating the timing of pertussis vaccination in pregnancy (OpTIMUM): a protocol paper." Wellcome Open Research 6 (June 14, 2021): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16767.1.
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Background: Pertussis is a highly infectious respiratory illness caused by the bacteria Bordetella pertussis. A resurgence of pertussis, even in countries with good vaccine coverage, has led to an increase in infant deaths. In response to this, many countries have introduced pertussis vaccination in pregnancy. This strategy is effective at preventing infant disease, but there remains uncertainty about what gestational timing is best to ensure maximal protection of the infant. These uncertainties are the rationale for this randomised controlled trial and a sub-study investigating pertussis-specific antibody in breastmilk. Protocol: We will recruit 354 pregnant women and will randomise them to receive their pertussis vaccination in one of three gestational age windows: ≤23+6, 24-27+6 and 28-31+6 weeks of gestation. Vaccination will be with Boostrix-IPV® and participants will be asked to complete a symptom diary for seven days following vaccination. Blood sampling will be performed prior to vaccination, two weeks following vaccination and at the time of delivery. A cord blood sample will be collected at delivery and a blood sample collected from the infant 4-10 weeks after completion of the primary immunisations. Individuals participating in the breastmilk sub-study will provide a sample of colostrum within 48 hours of delivery and samples of breastmilk at two weeks and around five-six months. Blood samples will be analysed using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) techniques for pertussis toxin, filamentous haemagglutinin and pertactin. A subset of serum samples will also be analysed using a functional assay. Colostrum and breastmilk samples will be analysed using functional assays. Discussion: Although pertussis vaccination has been shown to be safe and effective in pregnancy there remains debate about the optimal timing for the administration during pregnancy. This study will investigate antibody responses in serum and breastmilk when vaccination is performed in three different time periods. Clinicaltrials.gov registration: NCT03908164 (09/04/2019)
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Suhartini, Suhartini. "HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN DAN SIKAP IBU DENGAN PELAKSANAAN IMUNISASI MEASLES RUBELLA DI RT 05 KELURAHAN TAGARAJA KECAMATAN KATEMAN KEBUPATEN INDRAGIRI HILIR TAHUN 2018." Jurnal Maternitas Kebidanan 4, no. 1 (May 14, 2019): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.34012/jumkep.v4i1.500.
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Immunization is the giving of immunity to infants and children to various diseases, so that babies and children grow in healthy condition. Provision of immunization is a preventive measure so that the body is not infected with certain infectious diseases such as tetanus, whooping cough (pertussus), measles (measles), polio and tuberculosis or if there is any, does not have a fatal effect on the body. Therefore researchers are interested in examining the relationship between knowledge and attitudes of mothers with the implementation of MR immunization in Rt 05 Kelurahan Tagaraja Kecamatan Kateman Kebupaten Indragiri Hilir Tahun 2018. This study uses a cross sectional research design. The population of this study were all mothers with immunization in RT 05 Tagaraja Village, Indragiri Hilir District Kateman District in 2018, 48 people and a sample of 48 people, with total sampling technique. Data analysis techniques were performed using chi-square statistical test analysis. The results of the study showed that there was a significant relationship between the relationship of knowledge and attitudes of mothers with the implementation of immunization of rubella measles (MR)in RT 05 Kelurahan Tagaraja Kecamatan Kateman Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir Tahun 2018 with p value 0,002 (p < 0,05. Based on the results of this study it can be concluded that there is a relationship between knowledge and attitudes of mothers with the implementation of immunization of rubella measles (MR)in RT 05 Kelurahan Tagaraja Kecamatan Kateman Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir Tahun 2018. Suggestions for mothers It is hoped that for the research location to make an extension program before the scheduled implementation of the rubella measles immunization to provide education on maternal health and government programs in the implementation of immunization for rubella measles (MR) can be carried out.
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Immurana, Mustapha, and Arabi Urmi. "What factors influence the utilisation of all doses of vaccines with subsequent doses for under-five children in Ghana?" International Journal of Medicine 5, no. 2 (June 26, 2017): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijm.v5i2.7830.
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Pneumonia, Diarrhoea, Measles, Polio and Whooping Cough are major killers of children in the world. However, one of the most effective ways of preventing these diseases is through utilising completely their respective vaccines which are normally administered in doses. Therefore given that the 2014 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey (GDHS) report showed a fall in the coverage of the subsequent doses of the Pentavalent, Pneumococcal, Polio and Rotavirus vaccines for children in Ghana, this study investigated the factors that influence the Utilisation of all Doses of these vaccines as well as the Measles vaccine. Using Data from the 2014 GDHS and employing the binary probit model, the study among other findings revealed that, children from the Eastern, Northern and Western regions were found to be less probable to have received all the doses of the Polio and Pentavalent vaccines. Also unemployed mothers were found to be less likely to demand for all the doses of the Measles, Pentavalent, Pneumococcal and Rotavirus vaccines for their children. Moreover, rising age of the household head was associated with falling utilization of all the doses of the Pneumococcal, Pentavalent and Polio vaccines for children. Furthermore, children with single mothers were found to be less likely to have received all doses of both the Polio and Pentavalent vaccines. Also uneducated mothers were found to be less likely to demand for all the doses of the Polio, Pentavalent and Measles vaccines for their children relative to mothers with secondary education. In addition mothers without health insurance were found to be less likely to utilize all the doses of the Measles and Polio vaccines for their children. Therefore reinvigoration of regional centeredness of child health utilization drives, aiding single, unemployed and uneducated women as well as strengthening the free maternal health insurance registration scheme, could be effective tools in ensuring full utilisation of all doses of these vaccines.
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Bogdan, John A., Wei Yuan, Karen O. Long-Rowe, Jawad Sarwar, Eric Allen Brucker, and M. S. Blake. "Identification of Peptides That Mimic the Pertussis Toxin Binding Site on Bovine Fetuin." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 69, no. 10 (October 2003): 6272–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.69.10.6272-6279.2003.
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ABSTRACT The introduction of acellular pertussis vaccines has greatly enhanced the safety profile of vaccines to prevent whooping cough. Pertussis toxin (Ptx) is one component produced by Bordetella pertussis that is contained in all of these vaccines, either in combination with other known pertussis virulence factors or as the sole pertussis component, combined with tetanus and diphtheria toxoids. A hydrogen peroxide toxoid of Ptx has been shown to be efficacious in preventing pertussis infections in a mass vaccination trial and is presently licensed in the United States and Europe (B. Trollfors, J. Taranger, T. Lagergard, L. Lind, V. Sundh, G. Zackrisson, C. U. Lowe, W. Blackwelder, and J. B. Robbins, N. Engl. J. Med. 333:1045-1050, 1995). The industrial production of Ptx can be performed through the cultivation of B. pertussis in well-defined growth media, in which the components can be well characterized and their origins can be documented. Once the bacteria are removed from the culture, Ptx can be isolated from the supernatant and purified by using the technique described by Sekura et al. (R. D. Sekura, F. Fish, C. R. Manclark, B. Meade, and Y. L. Zhang, J. Biol. Chem. 258:14647-14651, 1983). The only drawback of this procedure, which combines two affinity chromatography steps, one with Blue Sepharose and a second with matrix-bound bovine fetuin (BF), is the source and purity of the BF. Concern about vaccine preparations that may possibly risk contamination by material associated with bovine spongioform encephalopathy has continued to increase. We thus sought a replacement for the BF affinity chromatography and, more specifically, for the glycosidic moiety on BF. We describe here the identification of a seven-amino-acid peptide that mimics the glycosidic moiety on BF to which Ptx binds. Furthermore, we have constructed an affinity column containing this peptide that can be used to replace BF in Ptx purification. Finally, we used the X-ray crystallographic structure of Ptx bound to the oligosaccharide moiety of BF as a scaffold and replaced the oligosaccharide with the peptide.
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Alekseeva, A. V., E. N. Berezkina, K. E. Moiseeva, and Sh D. Kharbediya. "The impact of the number of children in the family on the breastfeeding duration and vaccination coverage." Kazan medical journal 101, no. 4 (August 12, 2020): 538–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kmj2020-538.
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Aim. To assess the impact of the number of children in the family on breastfeeding duration and vaccination coverage.
Methods. 1724 mothers of 1-year old children were randomly chosen from seven children's polyclinics in St. Petersburg for an anonymous survey that was conducted by a specially designed form Questionnaire of a mother of 1-year old children. The questionnaire comprised of 20 open-ended and closed-ended questions, and included questions about: (1) timing of the attachment to the breast in obstetric hospitals; (2) causes and timing of breastfeeding abandonment; (3) presence or absence of vaccinations in the first year of life according to the National preventive vaccination schedule; (4) and reasons for mothers refusing to vaccinate their children.
Results. The proportion of mothers who started artificial feeding in maternity wards immediately after the birth of the baby was the smallest among women for whom this baby was the first-born (3.4%), and the largest among families with many children (11.3%). On average, mothers with one child are breastfed until 7.360.11 months, with two children until 8.290.11 months, with three or more children until 8.780.10 months. By using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), it was shown the effect of the number of children in the family on the duration of breastfeeding (F=3.3). Correlation analysis revealed the negative relationship of the number of children in the family with the proportion of women who continued breastfeeding until 3 and 6 months (rxy=0.82 and rxy=0.88, respectively), and positive relationship with the proportion of mothers who continued to breastfeeding the baby after reaching a year (rxy=0.89). 12.3% of children of one-child families were not vaccinated according to the National preventive vaccination schedule, 17.7% with two-child families, 28.1% in families with three or more children. It was revealed the significant cross-group effect of the number of children in the family to vaccination coverage (F=48.7). With an increase in the number of children in the family, vaccination coverage decreases, both in general (rxy=0.88) and against individual infections, including hepatitis B, diphtheria, whooping cough, tetanus, polio, measles and rubella (rxy from 0.80 to 0.90).
Conclusion. The number of children in a family impacts mothers' refusals of breastfeeding and vaccination; the more children in a family, the more prolonged breastfeeding, but less vaccination coverage due to the health status of children in the first year of life.
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Marino, M., A. Spadea, G. Furia, E. M. Frisicale, M. B. Michelazzo, F. Valentini, C. Consoli, U. Forte, S. Bracci, and M. Goletti. "Vaccination of classmates for an immunosuppressed child’s protection in a school in the LHA Roma 1." European Journal of Public Health 29, Supplement_4 (November 1, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckz186.160.
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Abstract Issue/problem One of the duty of a State is to guarantee the protection of the health of all citizens, both safeguarding the sick individual needing care and protecting the healthy individual. An important objective of the vaccination prevention programs is to protect people most at risk of contracting infections because of their health conditions. Description of the problem In April 2019 the District 14 of Local Health Autority Roma 1 was asked by a father of an immunosuppressed child (6 years old), worried about infectious diseases, to verify the safeness of his child school attendance (the first class of primary school). First, a list of the class mates was asked to the school, in order to check their vaccination status by interrogating the web based regional vaccination register. Then, the District asked to the school to plan a meeting with classmates’ parents and teachers, in order to inform about the importance of a complete immunization both for the classmates and the immunosuppressed child protection. Results Preliminary results show that, among 18 classmates, 77.8% had full vaccination coverage for the second dose measles and fourth dose whooping cough (not mandatory for children aged less than 7 years), 22.2% were immunized for chicken pox. Among the parents attending the meeting, 15 agreed to complete their children vaccination cycle, all the teachers agreed to undergo whooping cough and chicken pox vaccination in order to allow a safe school attendance to the immunosuppressed child. Parents and teachers were given an appointment in a vaccination center for the week following the meeting. Lessons It is important to promote a real ’vaccination culture’ starting from the school, in order to develop greater citizenship awareness about the potential of vaccinations and to contrast fake news and ignorance leading to dangerous prejudices. Key messages The active collaboration between institutions (sanitary and school) allows, through the integration between different competences, to achieve health objectives to protect the community. Talking to pupils’ parents about infectious diseases and their prevention makes it possible to increase knowledge and therefore awareness of the importance of adult and children health protection.