Relevant bibliographies by topics / Wholesale merchant

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Wholesale merchant'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 13 April 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Wholesale merchant"

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Faraby, Muhammad Ersya, and Siti Inayatul Faiza. "Etos Kerja Pedagang Etnis Madura di Pusat Grosir Surabaya Ditinjau Dari Etika Bisnis Islam." Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah Teori dan Terapan 1, no. 3 (December 2, 2015): 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/vol1iss20143pp178-193.

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Natural resources have not been well managed in Madura and the low level of human resources leads to ethnic Madurese communities abroad to obtain a decent life by applying a high work ethic. This research aims to know the work ethic of ethnic Madurese in Central merchant Wholesale Surabaya reviewed from Islamic business ethics.Approach used in this research is qualitative approach to method case study is descriptive. Data done with interview observation and documentation against traders ethnic madura in central wholesale Surabaya. For data advocates derived from data given by centers management wholesale Surabaya. Besides is also study library and literature about ethos work ethnic Madurese and Islamic business ethics.The results obtained are the informants argued most of the Madurese ethnic merchants in wholesale center Surabaya interpret and apply the Madurese ethnic work ethic that is hard work and wander, as well as in implementing the work ethic they comply with Islamic business ethics.
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Gelderblom, Oscar. "Merchants from the Southern Netherlands (1578–1630)." Research Data Journal for the Humanities and Social Sciences 1, no. 1 (March 25, 2016): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24523666-01000002.

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In 1585 the Duke of Parma conquered Antwerp, which was followed by a blockade of the river Scheldt. A large number of merchants moved to Amsterdam. Since the beginning of the twentieth century a historical debate has been going on about the economic effects of these events. The submitted data, gathered from different historical sources, aim to provide a precise answer to this question. Information from nine different sources (e.g. poortersboeken of the city of Amsterdam, two tax registers, Notarieel Archief and VOC/WIC-archives) has been combined in an attempt to reconstruct the entire merchant community of Amsterdam between 1578 and 1630. This resulted in a data collection on more than 5,000 wholesale traders. Analysis of the data shows that migration to Amsterdam started long before the siege of Antwerp because of old commercial ties between the two cities. Moreover, the role of the newcomers was of moderate importance. In 1609 the immigrants amounted to one third of Amsterdam’s merchant community. The majority of them were young men of modest means, seeking an international career in Amsterdam. Since collaboration between merchants from the north and the south dated back to the 1540s, the influx from Antwerp may be considered part of one single merchant community which developed in the Low Countries in the course of the sixteenth century.
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Al-Nimrawi, Khalil Hammadi Musleh, and Firas Ibrahim Rahim. "Fish Marketing in Salah Al-Din Governorate for the 2022 Productions (Tikrit District as a Model)." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1262, no. 10 (December 1, 2023): 102007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1262/10/102007.

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Abstract The research mainly aims to study fish marketing in Salah al-Din Governorate / Tikrit district for the year (2022) by measuring marketing costs, marketing margins, and the share of the producer, wholesaler, and retailer from the distribution of consumer dinars, Calculate marketing efficiency and know the level of competence for each of the producer, intermediaries, wholesalers, and retailers, and find strengths, weaknesses, threats and opportunities through (SWOT) analysis, A stratified random sample was selected in the study area consisting of (73) fish producers in the district, and the information related to the study was collected through the questionnaire that was designed for producers. Then, information on camel traders was collected through a questionnaire distributed to (25) wholesale market traders, and then information on retail traders was collected through a questionnaire number (25) distributed to retail market traders. The marketing costs of the product, wholesalers, and retailers, respectively, amounted to (1090, 746.1, 235.75) dinars/kg, and the absolute and relative marketing margin between the wholesaler and the producer amounted to (1250) dinars/kg (23.8%), and the absolute and relative marketing margin between the retailer and the merchant Total (1750) dinars/kg (25%), And between the retailer and the producer, it amounted to (3000) dinars/kg (42%), and the share of the producer, the wholesaler, and the retailer in consumer dinars, respectively, was (57.15%), (17.85%), (25%,)As for the marketing efficiency, according to the first scale, it reached (62.26%), and the marketing efficiency according to the second scale, in the three stages of the product and wholesale, amounted to (73.22%), retail and wholesale, it amounted to (66.14%), and finally, for retail and product, it was (53.25%). As for marketing efficiency according to the third scale, it amounted to (21.59%). We conclude from this that there is a difference in marketing efficiency according to the three formulas because of the difference in prices, production, and marketing costs, The study recommends giving importance to scientific research for fish in terms of production, costs and marketing because of its nutritional importance and the provision of job opportunities and a comprehensive study of the fish market in Salah Governorate and seizing opportunities and avoiding potential risks and identifying needs and requirements and identifying products required for consumers because of their importance in increasing production efficiency, marketing and consumption optimal allocation of resources, achieving stability and encouraging growth.
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Huang, Qisheng, Yunjian Xu, and Costas Courcoubetis. "Stackelberg competition between merchant and regulated storage investment in wholesale electricity markets." Applied Energy 264 (April 2020): 114669. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.114669.

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Wang, Long. "Merchant Energy Storage Investment Analysis Considering Multi-Energy Integration." Energies 16, no. 12 (June 14, 2023): 4695. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16124695.

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In this paper, a two-stage model of an integrated energy demand response is proposed, and the quantitative relationship between the two main concerns of investors, i.e., investment return and investment cycle and demand response, is verified by the experimental data. Energy storage technology is a key means through which to deal with the instability of modern energy sources. One of the key development paths in the electricity market is the development by energy merchants of energy storage power plants in the distribution network to engage in a grid demand response. This research proposes a two-stage energy storage configuration approach for a cold-heat-power multi-energy complementary multi-microgrid system. Considering the future bulk connections of distributed power generation, the two most critical points of energy storage station construction are the power generation equipment and specific scenarios for serving the community, as well as the purchase and sale price of electricity for serving the community microgrid (which directly affects the investment revenue). Therefore, this paper focuses on analyzing the different impacts caused by these two issues; namely, the two most important concerns for the construction of energy storage configurations. First, the basic model enabling wholesale electricity traders to construct energy storage power plants is presented. Second, for a multi-microgrid system with a complementary cold-heat-power multi-energy scenario, a two-stage optimum allocation model is constructed, whereby the upper model calculates the energy storage allocation problem and the lower model calculates the optimal dispatch problem. The lower model’s dispatch computation validates the upper configuration model’s reasonableness. Finally, the two-layer model is converted to a single-layer model by the KKT condition, and the nonlinear problem is converted to a linear problem with the big-M method. The validity is proved via mathematical examples, and it is demonstrated that the planned energy storage plants by merchants may accomplish resource savings and mutual advantages for both users and wholesale power traders.
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Saliminia Lahiji, Azim, and Seyed Masoud Moghaddas Tafreshi. "Merchant transmission planning in smart paradigm with introducing demand response aggregator in wholesale market." International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems 26, no. 10 (February 17, 2016): 2148–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etep.2196.

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BATTILOSSI, STEFANO. "Financial innovation and the golden ages of international banking: 1890–1931 and 1958–81." Financial History Review 7, no. 2 (October 2000): 141–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0968565000000093.

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Stefano Battilossi, Financial innovation and the golden ages of international banking: 1890–1931 and 1958–81Throughout the twentieth century, the internationalisation of banking was both a factor for, and an ensuing aspect of, rising globalisation. During the period 1890–1931, commercial banks of industrialised countries promoted organisational and process innovations that successfully challenged the dominance of merchant banks in international financial intermediation. International banking re-emerged from interwar nationalistic retrenchment during the late 1950s, when banks exploited regulatory asymmetries to foster the emergence of Eurocurrency markets. Eurobanks provided not only global liquidity redistribution but also portfolio transformation services to corporate and sovereign customers. Financial innovations related to Eurobanking mark a secular discontinuity as they proved to be vehicles of a banking revolution, based on competition, deregulation and wholesale-market funding.
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Alves, Maria Thereza. "Wake in Guangzhou." Transfers 7, no. 2 (June 1, 2017): 107–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/trans.2017.070208.

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Wake in Guangzhou: The History of the Earth is a site-specific installation exhibited in in the Guangdong Museum of Art in Guangzhou, China, that problematizes issues of migration, trade, and landscape transformation. Wake in Guangzhou investigates the origin of the seeds found on the site of Huagui Lu, in the Liwan district in Guangzhou’s city center, where today a hundred wholesale markets exist. A mound of earth was removed from Huagui lu, a street in the Liwan District, the former merchant quarter’s of Guangdong. The earth sample was put in the courtyard of the Guangzhou Museum so dormant seeds previously buried in deep layers could germinate when exposed. The botanist Heli Jutila writes, “Although seeds seem to be dead, they are in fact alive and can remain vital in soil for decades, and even hundreds of years in a state of dormancy.”
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Kushnareva, Margarita D. "Historical portrait of Gavrila Nikiforov, a Yakut merchant of the 1 st guild." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, no. 474 (2022): 187–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/15617793/474/21.

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The article explores the economic, social and charitable activities of Gavrila Nikiforov, a Yakut merchant of the 1st guild. The aim of the publication is to recreate Nikiforov's historical portrait. Achieving this aim involves a wide use of archival sources, previously unpublished and not introduced into scholarly discourse. The topic has not been sufficiently studied in modern historiography of Siberia; it has scientific relevance and significance. The study of the key issue of the publication is based on the methodology of modernization and chronological, systemic, biographical methods. The author determined Nikiforov's origin, place of birth and initial sources of capital accumulation. The article states that Nikiforov established several enterprises with the aim of organizing fur trade in the northern districts of Yakutsk Oblast in 1900-1910. In 1906 Nikiforov's stores were opened in Verkhoyansk, Ko-lymsk, Bulun, Abye, and Kyusyur. In 1914 the merchant became a contributor to the Northern Commercial and Industrial Partnership, bought a trading business of fur traders and became the owner of one of the largest companies in North-East Siberia with a turnover of 1 million rubles a year. In 1914-1919, Nikiforov's annual turnover in fur trade exceeded 1 million rubles. In Yakutsk, Nikiforov conducted wholesale and retail trade in fur, groceries and consumer goods from stores. Nikiforov's supplies of furs to European and North American markets in 1914-1917 amounted to 800 thousand rubles a year. Nikiforov's public education activity was expressed in the construction and maintenance of schools for children, a museum, a library, and financial assistance to residents in paying taxes. During the First World War, Nikiforov was engaged in the procurement and dispatch of warm fur products to the front. Nikiforov enjoyed authority among the local population, was repeatedly elected councilor of the Yakutsk City Council, and was a member of charitable organizations. The merchant took part in meetings under Yakut Governor Ivan Kraft and decided on important strategic issues. In 1918-1919, Nikiforov organized the supply of needy population of Yakutsk Oblast with consumer goods and food products for 400 thousand rubles. For his services, he had state awards. He was an honorary “foreigner” of East-Kangalassky ulus of Yakutsk Oblast. The article defines the personal and business qualities of the Yakut merchant. The main conclusion of the article is that the reconstruction of Nikiforov's historical portrait allowed expanding the previously existing ideas about his contribution to the socioeconomic development of Yakutsk Oblast during the period of modernization of the Russian economy.
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TUDORICA, Mihaela. "THE EXPANSION OF OTA’s: BENEFITS AND RISKS." Annals of the University of Oradea. Economic Sciences 31, no. 31(1) (2022): 133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.47535/1991auoes31(1)013.

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The aim of this paper is to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of OTA’s (Online Tourism Agencies). Many travelers today prefer OTA’s to look for advantageous tour packages and especially to make their reservations. They can make these reservations not only for accommodation but also for flights, excursions and why not, for other trips. OTA’s is an important component for a successful strategy, for all tour operators skilled in business. This way it helps them to reach more passengers and implicitly to make more reservations. But let’s not forget that paying a commission for each booking, it should balance the pros and cons. Due to intense competition, OTA is trying to remain financially sustainable. For this, however, it needs to involve its customers more, of course offering them superior value propositions. For this, however, a thorough understanding of consumption values ​​is needed. The role of OTA’s is becoming more and more important due to the ease of customers to compose a trip from the comfort of their home where they can also compare hotel prices and booking the choice on the Internet. An OTA’s agency organizes and sells accommodation, excursions and transportation to customers. It also organizes trips on an online platform for travelers. These OTAs are third parties that sell services on behalf of other companies. As a rule, these OTA’s offer many benefits. They have more comfort and a more self-serving approach. They also include a built-in booking system with which you can make instant bookings. OTA’s works in two models: Merchant model and Agency model. Merchant model is the model in which hotels sell rooms to OTA’s at a reduced or wholesale price. OTA’s then sells them to customers at a markup price. Agency model is the commission-based model in which OTA’s acts as a distribution partner. OTA’s receives full commission after the stay, and the hotel receives payment directly from the last customer and does not wait for the transfer of payment from third parties.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Wholesale merchant"

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Gharsalli, Mohamed. "Monographie d'une maison de commerce française à Tunis : Les Fuzier (1785-1823)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023COAZ2022.

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La thèse étudie une des maisons de commerce français les plus prospères et les plus actives à Tunis dans la période 1785-1823, la maison Fuzier frères et compagnie. Cette maison marseillaise était connue par l'importance de ses transactions commerciales et surtout par l'expérience de ses gérants. La maison jouissait d'un crédit considérable. En s'appuyant sur les données archivistiques collectées en France et en Tunisie, nous suivons les différentes étapes du parcours des Fuzier établis à Tunis : Etienne-Philippe Fuzier et Jean Fuzier neveu. Ce dernier est le dernier régisseur et représentant de cette firme commerciale. Il est le témoin d'une conjoncture difficile qui a contribué à la faillite de cette maison de commerce
This thesis focuses on one of the most prosperous and active French trading houses in Tunis in the period 1785-1823, the Fuzier brothers and company. This Marseille house was known for the importance of its managers. The house had considerable credit. Based on archival data collected in France and Tunisia, we follow the different stages of the Fuzier family members established in Tunis : Etienne-Phillipe Fuzier and Jean Fuzier nephew. The latter was the last manager and representative of this commercial firm. He witnessed a difficult economic situation that contributed to the bankruptcy of this trading house
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Ågren, Karin. "Köpmannen i Stockholm : Grosshandlares ekonomiska och sociala strategier under 1700-talet." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Economic History, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-8328.

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The purpose of this thesis has been to describe and explain why wholesalers in Stockholm during the eighteenth century acted as they did. This analysis is built on the idea that peoples’ possibilities to act depends on the context in which they live and the person’s network. The starting-point for the analysis is an old discussion if the merchants made any difference in the transformation of society; were they a dynamic element or not?

In this thesis wholesalers’ social and economic relations are studied from different viewpoints: how they married, how their credit network was built up, and what they consumed. The wholesalers are divided into groups depending on their income. The materials used are inventories, parish registers, registers of tax-payments and biographical books.

The research shows that the differences in behaviour were small between the income groups. Most of the wholesalers married daughters of other merchants, they lent money to their own family, and they consumed more or less in the same way. There was a big economic gap between the wealthiest wholesalers and the less wealthy. Why their behaviour was nonethless so homogenous depended on their need of a network. The importance of this made them act the same.

However, the study shows one group that acted a bit differently, wholesalers who belonged to the German congregation. In several ways they were an association in themselves. And the way they act can described as dynamic. Because they did not have an obligation to the Swedish network, they could act differently.

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Rubinfien, Louisa Daria. "Commodity to national brand manufacturers, merchants, and the development of the consumer market in interwar Japan /." 1995. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/36415257.html.

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WANG, HUI-CHUN, and 王惠君. "Marketing Management Strategies of Social Media (Facebook) in Taiwan-A Case Study of Apparel Wholesale Merchants." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/m92v9j.

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碩士
朝陽科技大學
企業管理系
106
In recent years, it has caused considerable impact and shock to the fierce competition of parity apparel wholesale market due to foreign well-known chains of parity apparel staged and grabbed the Taiwan's market one after another, such as ZARA and UNIQLO. It needs to strengthen marketing and management in order to have a place in this competitive parity apparel wholesale market so that it can avoid being submerged in the competitive trend. With the rise of e-commerce and the prevalence of social media in recent years, as well as the maturity of mobile Internet technologies, many businesses and stores all rely on social media marketing and sales platforms. Many stores' product discount information, and promotions are available through social medias and customers. This is a very creative and immediate marketing approach. This study focuses on the advantages of Facebook marketing in parity apparel wholesale merchants application, the strategy of applying Facebook marketing and the application of Facebook's fan group. Through interviews and analysis, this study shows that: 1.The advantage of marketing of parity apparel wholesale merchants market applying Facebook was to save huge advertising fees, have a variety of interactive modes, spread benefits, and lower the fans threshold. 2.Parity apparel wholesale merchants application Facebook's marketing strategy is convenience, customer group, according to the number of praise adjusted inventory, Word-of-mouth marketing. 3.The effectiveness that businesses of parity apparel wholesale merchants market applying Facebook to market was to widen customer source. 4.The main way that parity apparel wholesale merchants stores use Facebook to manage their fan bases is to update their posts, be creative, interact with customers in real time, and use advertising strategies.
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Gousse, Suzanne. "Le monde de Jean Alexis Lemoine dit Monière, marchand de Montréal au XVIIIe siècle." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/24634.

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On s’est intéressé dans les années 1950 à 1970 à la disparition d’une bourgeoisie canadienne qui aurait dû faire la transition du capitalisme marchand vers l’industrie. Les réflexions historiennes avaient cependant commencé par la fin, tentant de définir les conséquences historiques à long terme de la « Conquête » sur un groupe encore mal connu qui, en principe, incluait des marchands. Notre thèse s’inscrit dans la lignée des travaux états-uniens et européens qui ont permis de revoir, souvent dans une optique culturelle, les marchands occidentaux de l’époque moderne. À partir du cas précis d’un marchand équipeur montréalais et de sa lignée, nous voulons tout d’abord établir si la culture négociante des marchands, au sens large du terme, était du même ordre que celles des métropolitains qui avaient des commerces semblables. Deuxièmement, nous voulons cerner la marge de manœuvre individuelle face aux contraintes des conditions ambiantes ainsi que le rôle des réseaux dans l’évolution de la carrière des marchands. Enfin, nous souhaitons définir la conception de soi de ces derniers, à travers l’examen de leur style de vie et des rôles qu’ils pouvaient jouer dans leur milieu. Pour le faire, nous avons choisi de ratisser « en largeur » dans des sources multiples, y compris des livres de comptes, et de creuser « en profondeur » pour en extraire le maximum de données. L’enquête a été menée à travers la longue carrière de l’équipeur Jean Alexis Lemoine dit Monière (1680-1754) qui s’est installé à Montréal en 1715. Lemoine est connu de la postérité grâce à l’étude de Louise Dechêne qui l’avait suivi jusqu’en 1725. Elle en a tracé un portrait, amplement repris par la suite, qui a fait de lui l’exemple type de marchand équipeur. Or, Monière n’est peut-être pas typique, il pourrait même être un cas-limite. En le suivant jusqu’à sa mort, nous avons exploré toutes les possibilités qui se sont offertes à lui. Nous avons aussi fait une large place aux legs matériel et immatériel de son père Jean Lemoine, et à ce que Monière a transmis à son fils, Pierre Alexis, ainsi qu’à quelques neveux. En encadrant Monière de son père, immigrant rouennais, de ses frères et de son fils, nous avons pu observer l’émergence d’un métier, celui d’équipeur. Nous avons examiné comment Monière, décédé en 1754, a été préparé à exercer son métier et comment il concevait la pratique de ce dernier. Cette démarche a permis de mieux comprendre la culture (au sens large) des gens de la marchandise au Canada. En utilisant une variété de sources et en faisant appel à une démarche micro-historique, nous souhaitons avoir répondu, vingt-cinq ans plus tard, au vœu de Dale Miquelon de regarder, dans la mesure du possible, le monde de la marchandise avec les yeux des acteurs de la période pour répondre aux interrogations des gens d’aujourd’hui.
From the 1950s to the 1970s, historians’ attention was turned towards the disappearance of a bourgeoisie canadienne which should have made the transition from commercial to industrial capitalism. These studies began, so to speak, with the end, in attempting to define the long-term historical consequences of the Conquest on an as-yet ill-defined group that in principle included some merchants. This thesis follows new investigations in both Europe and the USA which have permitted to look anew, often with a cultural history approach, at merchants of the Early Modern period. Focusing on a Montreal merchant outfitter (marchand équipeur) and his family, the investigation first seeks to determine if the Canadian merchants’ culture (broadly defined) was similar to that of their French counterparts who worked on the same business level. A second aim is to evaluate the leeway available to individuals in face of the general conditions of the trade and the role of networks in the merchants’ career. Finally, the thesis attempts to define the self-conception of these men while looking at their lifestyle and the various roles they played in their community. To complete such a study, we have chosen to look « wide and deep » like micro-historians have before us. The study examines the long life of the équipeur, Jean Alexis Lemoine dit Monière, who chose to settle in Montreal in 1715 and whose career Louise Dechêne had followed until 1725. After her, historians have since pictured Monière as a typical marchand équipeur. But he might not have been typical, he might even have been a « limiting case ». The thesis follows him to the end of his life and looking for all the opportunities that were offered to him along the way. It accords considerable importance to the material and immaterial legacy of his father, Jean Lemoine, and to what Monière passed on to this son, Pierre Alexis and a few nephews. Situating Monière between his father who emigrated from Rouen, his brothers and his own son, permits us to see the emergence of a profession, that of équipeur. We look at how Monière, who died in 1754, was prepared to embrace the merchant’s profession and how he perceived the way he should work as an équipeur. This study affords a better understanding of merchants’ culture, broadly conceived, in early French Canada. Exploring a variety of sources and using a micro-historical approach, we hope to have followed Dale Miquelon’s suggestion to look (again) at the merchants’ world with the eyes of the people of the times in order to answer today’s questions.
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Books on the topic "Wholesale merchant"

1

Glasmeier, Amy. The role of merchant wholesalers in industrial agglomeration formation. Austin: University of Texas at Austin, School of Architecture, 1989.

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Grosshandlare Peter Militz: En bortglömd gustavian stiger fram ur arkiven. Stockholm: Carlsson, 2010.

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Matson, Cathy D. Merchants & empire: Trading in colonial New York. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1998.

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Agren, Karin. Köpmannen i Stockholm: Grosshandlares ekonomiska och sociala strategier under 1700-talet. Uppsala: Uppsala Universitet, 2007.

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F, Castillo Berthier Héctor. La Merced: El comercio mayorista de alimentos en el Centro Histórico de la Ciudad de México (1900-1960). Ciudad de México: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coordinación de Humanidades, 2016.

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Meiji no Tōkyō shōnin gunzō: Wakaki sōgyōsha no chie to chōsen. Tōkyō: Bunshindō, 2001.

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Cho, Yŏng-man. Inae: Susan sijang saramdŭl : Cho Yŏng-man sajinjip = Humane love : The people of the Noryangjin Fisheries Wholesale Market : Cho Young-man photo book. [Seoul]: Hayan Namu, 2016.

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S, Mamsik T., and Institut istorii (Rossiĭskai︠a︡ akademii︠a︡ nauk. Sibirskoe otdelenie), eds. Zhiznʹ na Bolʹshoĭ Reke: Zapiski sibirskogo prikazchika. Novosibirsk: Sova, 2006.

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San Francisco, Oakland and Alameda Business Directory 1880 : Containing a Complete Alphabetical List of Names, Location and Business of Every Merchant, Wholesale and Retail, Manufacturer and Professional Man Engaged in Business Therein: A... ; 1880. Creative Media Partners, LLC, 2021.

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Matson, Cathy. Merchants and Empire: Trading in Colonial New York (Early America: History, Context, Culture). The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2002.

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Book chapters on the topic "Wholesale merchant"

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Luo, Qianwen, and Yujie Wang. "E-Commerce-Enabled Agricultural Wholesale Markets and Merchant Behaviour Evolutionary Studies." In Digitalization and Management Innovation II. IOS Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/faia230719.

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The rapid development of e-commerce has brought new opportunities for developing and upgrading agricultural wholesale markets. This paper constructs a two-party game model of agricultural wholesale markets and merchants through evolutionary game theory and analyses the conditions for the integration of the parties and the stability of the equilibrium point of the system. It is concluded that when establishing an e-commerce platform in the agricultural wholesale market, when it cannot build its e-commerce platform profitably, it is impossible to induce the merchants to use the e-commerce platform by giving them subsidies from the agricultural wholesale market. Suppose the agricultural wholesale market can build its e-commerce platform profitably. In that case, it can give subsidies to merchants to induce them to use it, and the maximum subsidy can be given within a certain limit. Increasing the profit of the self-built e-commerce platform of the wholesale market of agricultural products is conducive to promoting the self-built e-commerce platform of the wholesale market of agricultural products; increasing the profit of merchants using the self-built e-commerce platform of the wholesale market of agricultural products can promote the use of the e-commerce platform of the wholesale market of agricultural products by merchants.
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"THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE WHOLESALE MERCHANT, 1860–1900." In The Development of the Wholesaler in the United States 1860-1900 (RLE Retailing and Distribution), 125–84. Routledge, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203103708-9.

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Dickson, David. "The Keys of the Kingdom." In The First Irish Cities, 54–72. Yale University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300229462.003.0004.

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This chapter highlights Bishop Berkeley's 'keys of the kingdom', in which he argued that the seaports of the south and east were lynchpins in an economy that had become highly export dependent. It notes that they were the conduits through which trade passed, where goods were assembled, processed and despatched, and where financial services were available. And 'merchants' did indeed possess the keys. The chapter examines the classic era of the merchant, the sedentary négotiant who dominated the business and usually the government of port cities, who dealt in a variety of import/export lines of trade with overseas correspondents, and who settled accounts by means of an internationally accepted set of protocols governing the use of bills of exchange across western Europe and the North Atlantic. It also describes the Irish merchant communities in Sligo, Galway, and Dublin who were overwhelmingly male and culturally diverse. Finally, the chapter assesses the Catholic merchants' pre-eminent position in this wholesale trade after the enormous setbacks of the seventeenth century.
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Guthrie, Graeme. "Compound Timing Options." In Real Options in Theory and Practice, 147–79. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195380637.003.0008.

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Abstract The deregulation of the US electricity sector at the end of the twentieth century created a new type of firm—the merchant generator. These firms, which did not have their own retail customers, owned plants that generated electricity for sale in wholesale markets. The growth of merchant generation is seen in Figure 8.1, which plots the total net summer capacity of utility-owned power plants (the light gray bars) and of plants owned by non-utilities (the dark gray bars). Approximately half of the growth in non-utility capacity is at the expense of utility-owned capacity, reflecting the latter’s forced divestiture of generation in many states. However, the graph shows that there was also very substantial investment in new capacity by non-utilities.
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Dickson, David. "Northern Turn." In The First Irish Cities, 73–94. Yale University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300229462.003.0005.

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This chapter highlights the two communities, Kilkenny and Belfast, that had each been shaped by a great aristocratic dynasty. It narrates the power of both families and how it drastically diminished in the early eighteenth century. Kilkenny retained its status as an inland regional capital with an old urban fabric, a Catholic business community and a weak Protestant presence. Belfast, on the other hand, was much more of a colonial town (in every sense) than Kilkenny, an international trading hub dominated by a wholesale merchant community that was overwhelmingly Presbyterian. The chapter focuses more on eighteenth-century Belfast, its general merchants trading overseas and its physical transformation. Despite the ease of navigation in Belfast Lough, the town lay too far north to attract British or European vessels destined for southern Europe, nor was it optimally placed as a transatlantic stopover. The chapter also elaborates on the transatlantic partnership of Thomas Gregg and Waddell Cunningham, which principally involved the export of Irish linen and the importation of flaxseed, grain and flour. Finally, the chapter discusses the merchant community that benefited most from the growth of the passenger trade: Derry. It also explores how Drogheda became the largest grain market in Ireland, then follows the growth of Dublin's international trade.
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Britnell, Richard. "Merchants and their Trade." In Britain and Ireland 1050–1530, 320–46. Oxford University PressOxford, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198731450.003.0017.

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Abstract The long-distance trade that had grown up before 1300 was important to a wide range of people and contributed a sufficiently large amount to incomes across Britain to be a matter of political significance. Any landlord who sold wool, any merchant who handled it, any shipman who shipped it, and the king himself who taxed it, felt the effects of fluctuations in international markets or the breakdown of normal relations. So did townsmen who depended upon imported goods for a livelihood—the clothmakers who needed imported dyes, the furriers, the mercers who sold linen, the vintners who imported wines and sold them both wholesale and retail. By 1300 foreign trade was sufficiently valuable to affect landlords’ incomes, and to a lesser extent the volume of employment, in most parts of Britain, as Edward I’s critics appreciated when they criticized the tax he imposed on wool exports.
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Ruef, Martin. "Credit and Trade in the New South." In Between Slavery and Capitalism. Princeton University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691162775.003.0006.

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This chapter discusses the uncertainties surrounding the trade among country merchants, manufacturers, and wholesalers. Often separated by distances of hundreds of miles, their exchange relationships had little recourse to the social devices used to manage uncertainty within Southern communities. After the Civil War, moreover, these relationships had to bridge the sectional division between the North—where many wholesalers were concentrated in the large seaboard cities, and the South—where many country stores and manufactories were located in the hinterland. The physical and social distance between suppliers and Southern businesses created a need for new institutions to govern the flow of commerce. Although these institutions did emerge in the postbellum era, they ultimately proved inadequate to manage the economic uncertainty of merchants and, in some respects, may have even exacerbated it.
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Fieldhouse, D. K. "Redeployment 1960–1970." In Merchant Capital And Economic Decolonization, 679–715. Oxford University PressOxford, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198226253.003.0016.

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Abstract For all the major European merchant capitalists who operated primarily in Black Africa, it was becoming clear by 1960 that their future there must be in some doubt. This was not due entirely, or even primarily, to the coming of political independence; indeed, it has been seen that in many respects this was thought to offer attractive new options. By then traditional trading activities were unlikely to continue indefinitely in their older form: in many countries the commodity trades were controlled by indigenous institutions such as marketing boards or their francophone equivalents. General trading also was increasingly being taken over by African wholesalers and retailers. Yet this left the foreign firms free to move on to more sophisticated forms of trading, mainly in ‘technical’ goods which required higher levels of skill, particularly in servicing equipment, than most African traders then possessed. All the foreign firms duly shifted their merchandising business into these areas in the later 1950s and early 1960s. In addition, there was the possibility of local manufacture, already well under way by 1960. In short, decolonization and accelerating indigenous control of key elements in the local economies did not constitute a dead-end for foreign merchant capital.
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Jarvis, Katie. "Selling Legitimacy." In Politics in the Marketplace, 167–200. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190917111.003.0007.

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In November 1793, the Convention acknowledged that goods passed through multiple hands en route to consumers, and it began to reform the Maximum to include both wholesale and retail prices. This chapter dissects how the Dames, their brokers, and market police compelled the deputies to economically affirm and politically legitimize merchants as useful citizens in their revisions. During the five months it took the state to plan tiered prices, retailers like the Dames remained unable to legally sell at a profit. To protect retailers and the food trade, the Dames and market police urged the deputies to hasten their recalculations. From a pragmatic perspective, they highlighted marketplace practices to illustrate why retailers’ services were necessary for supplying Parisians. From an ideological perspective, they argued that symbiotic trading relationships between merchants and consumers naturally underscored fraternal bonds among cooperative citizens. They also insisted that the municipal government balance commercial relationships by enforcing ceilings on workers’ wages. Due to police reports and merchants’ interventions, the national political economy of the Terror ultimately bent to local realities of les Halles. When the Thermidorians abolished the Maximum in December 1794, crippling inflation created shared interests between previously opposed retailers and wage workers, which encouraged class-based political alliances.
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"Pornography and Capitalism: The UK Pornography Industry." In Pornography, edited by Catherine Itzin, 76–87. Oxford University PressOxford, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198257554.003.0004.

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Abstract The pornography on the shelves of nearly every corner newsagent is produced by respected members of the publishing industry. These are not backstreet merchants. Their companies trade with multi-million-pound publishing empires. The men who produce pornography publish newspapers and hobby magazines, speculate in property and run advertising companies. Pornography gains maximum distribution because it is accepted by the business world. It is recognized as an important and profitable section of the publishing industry. Pornography is bread and butter to the commercial printers, the magazine distributers and wholesalers. It has acquired a strategic significance for tabloid newspaper barons and go-getting magazine companies. (See Diagram)
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Conference papers on the topic "Wholesale merchant"

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Bakaldina, Elena V. "The Botkins’ letters on tea trading in the G. V. Yudin’s fond in the Russian State Archive of Literature and Art." In Торговля, купечество и таможенное дело в России в XVI–XX веках. ИПЦ НГУ, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31518/tktdr-35-2023-27.

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The Russian State Archive of Literature and Art holds the fond of G.V. Yudin (1840–1912), a merchant of the 2nd Guild, a well-known bibliophile, whose personality has repeatedly attracted the attention of researchers. However, the block of materials related to the Botkin family and consisting of 354 files (F. 1571. № 2114–2467) until recently remained practically not in demand. These papers cover the period from 1822 till 1870 (most of them the 1820–1840s) and relate to commercial activities of the Botkins. The difference between these documents and other Botkins’ trading papers is that they are dedicated to joint activities for all branches of the Botkins (D. K., P. K. and G. K. Botkins and their descendants). These texts shed light on the trading activities of the Botkin family in the first half of the 19th century (purchasing Russian goods for exchange in Kyakhta, buying tea there, transporting goods, wholesale tea at fairs), affecting, among other things, the participation of representatives of the senior branch of the family in these operations, about which little is known yet.
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