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Chaidir, Nadia. "Whole-genome comparative promoter sequence analysis in plants." Thesis, McGill University, 2014. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=123303.
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Large-scale genome-wide comparative analyses are now made possible by the increasing number of publicly available high-quality genome sequence data for numerous plant species. To understand the mechanisms of transcriptional regulation, computational analysis tools were used to find overrepresented and conserved DNA sequences, i.e. cis-regulatory elements. Datasets used as positive input for computational identification of regulatory regions commonly include promoters of co-regulated genes or promoters of orthologous genes (Wang and Stormo, 2003).We discovered de novo motif using two approaches, seperately; 1) discovery based on orthology relationship of the genes in 18 plant species and 2) discovery based on co-regulated genes in specific tissues from soybean gene expression RNA-Seq data. In the first approach, a combination of several bioinformatics tools were used to predict motifs in promoter region based on clusters of orthologous genes in whole-genome datasets of Arabidopsis lyrata, Arabidopsis thaliana, Brachypodium distachyon, Carica papaya, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Glycine max, Linus usitatissimum, Malus domestica, Manihot esculenta, Medicago truncatula, Oryza sativa, Physcomitrella patens, Populus trichocarpa, Selaginella moellendorfii, Sorghum bicolor, Vitis vinivera, Volvox carteri and Zea mays. The results have shown that many promoters of orthologous plant genes contain similar cis-regulatory motifs. In addition, inclusion of more evolutionary distant organism led to detection of very conserved motifs, i.e. motifs that have similar function in wider variety of organisms. In the second approach, bioinformatics tools were used to find motifs in promoter region of co-regulated genes in shoot apical meristem and shoot epidermis of three soybean cultivars. The results have shows that promoters of co-regulated genes in specific tissues contain similar cis-regulatory motifs.Since generating genome-scale datasets requires extensive computational resources that are not always readily available, we created a relational database that houses pre-computed and post-processed whole-genome comparative analysis of promoter regions. The database contains motif sequences, annotations, clusters of orthologous genes and other useful information associated with them, for 18 plant genomes.L'étude d'association pangénomique est maintenant rendue possible par le nombre de séquences génétiques de hautes qualités qui sont disponibles pour plusieurs espèces végétales. Pour comprendre les mécanismes de régulation de la transcription, un nombre d'outils d'analyses informatiques ont été développé pour identifier les éléments cis-régulatoires. Les bases de données utilisées comme saisie positive pour l'identification informatique des régions de régulation incluent communément les promoteurs des gènes co-régulés ainsi que des gènes orthologues (Wang et Stormo, 2003).Pour découvrir les motifs de novo, nous avons utilisé deux techniques; 1) une découverte basée sur la relation orthologue des gènes de 18 espèces végétales et, 2) une découverte basée sur les gènes co-régulés dans certains tissus végétales spécifiques provenant de données de séquençage d'ARN de soja. Dans la première approche nous avons utilisé une combinaison de plusieurs outils bioinformatiques pour prédire les motifs des promoteurs basés sur des groupes de gènes orthologues trouvés dans les bases de données des génomes entiers d'Arabidopsis lyrata, Arabidopsis thaliana, Brachypodium distachyon, Carica papaya, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Glycine max, Linus usitissimum, Malus domestica, Manihot esculenta, Medicago truncutula, Oryza sativa, Physcomitrella patens, Populus trichocarpa, Selaginella moellendorfii, Sorghum bicolor, Vitis vinivera, Volvox carteri et Zea mays. Les résultats ont démontré que, dans les plantes, plusieurs promoteurs de gènes orthologues contiennent des motifs cis-régulatoires similaires. En plus, en incluant des espèces évolutivement éloignées dans les analyses, nous avons été capable de démontrer que ces motifs sont conservés. Dans la deuxième partie, nous avons fait une analyse comparant les séquences des promoteurs co-régulés dans les méristèmes apicaux ainsi que dans l'épiderme de trois cultivars de soja; Clark sauvage, mutant a 5-feuilles et mutant glabre. Les résultats ont démontré que les promoteurs des gènes co-régulés en différents tissus contiennent des motifs cis-régulatoires similaires. Générer des données à l'échelle génomique demande une puissance informatique énorme qui n'est pas toujours disponible. En conséquence, nous avons créé une base de données pour 18 génomes de plantes composée de séquences de promoteurs, de motifs, d'annotations et des groupes de gènes orthologues ainsi que d'autres informations associées avec ceux-ci.
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Montagu, Kelvin D. "Whole plant response to soil compaction : from field practices to mechanisms /." View thesis View thesis, 1995. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030522.092251/index.html.
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Kunkle, Justin Michael. "Whole-plant resource economies and associated morphological and physiological traits towards a mechanistic understanding of plant responses to resource variation /." Diss., Connect to online resource - MSU authorized users, 2008.
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Vorster, Barend Juan. "Using whole genome comparison to detect sequence similarities between plants and microbes." Electronic thesis, 2007. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-01192009-142048.
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Montagu, Kelvin D. "Whole plant response to soil compaction : from field practices to mechanisms." Thesis, View thesis View thesis, 1995. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/433.
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This thesis examines the growth response and inter-relationships between shoots and roots of plants grown in compact soil. In the field, two topsoil and two subsoil conditions were created with five vegetable crops sequentially grown. Between 6 and 12% of the root system grew in the compact subsoil, which had a soil strength of 3.1 c.f. 1.9 MPa in the loosened subsoil. Both the root length density (Lv) and the specific root length were lower in the compact subsoil (80% and 30%, respectively). This had no effect on shoot growth when water and nutrients were well supplied. Compensatory root growth in the lose soil above the compact subsoil occurred in broccoli plants. As a result plants grown in soil with or without a compact subsoil had a similar total root length but with altered root distribution. When the water and nitrogen supplied to the soil was reduced, the lower subsoil Lv in the compact subsoil did not restrict water or N acquisition. This was possibly due to a large increase in the specific uptake per unit length of root, by the fewer roots in the compact subsoil. Compared to the subsoil treatments, only small changes in topsoil physical properties occurred when tillage was ceased. From the field trials the proportion and time of root growth into compact soil appeared important in determining the plant response. In a series of split-root experiments (horizontal and vertical arrangements of compact and loose soil) compensatory root growth in the loose soil only occurred when the root system was exposed to horizontally compact soil When compensatory root growth did not occur shoot growth was reduced. This resulted in there being a close relationship between total root length and leaf area. Further test results support a direct effect of mechanical impedance on shoot growth with a rapid (within 10 minutes) and large (50%) reduction in leaf elongation occurring when roots were mechanically impeded. In the field only plants whose roots were totally exposed to compact soil had reduced shoot growth with very compact subsoil having no effect.
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Montagu, Kelvin D., of Western Sydney Hawkesbury University, Faculty of Agriculture and Horticulture, and School of Horticulture. "Whole plant response to soil compaction : from field practices to mechanisms." THESIS_FAH_HOR_Montagu_K.xml, 1995. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/433.
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This thesis examines the growth response and inter-relationships between shoots and roots of plants grown in compact soil. In the field, two topsoil and two subsoil conditions were created with five vegetable crops sequentially grown. Between 6 and 12% of the root system grew in the compact subsoil, which had a soil strength of 3.1 c.f. 1.9 MPa in the loosened subsoil. Both the root length density (Lv) and the specific root length were lower in the compact subsoil (80% and 30%, respectively). This had no effect on shoot growth when water and nutrients were well supplied. Compensatory root growth in the lose soil above the compact subsoil occurred in broccoli plants. As a result plants grown in soil with or without a compact subsoil had a similar total root length but with altered root distribution. When the water and nitrogen supplied to the soil was reduced, the lower subsoil Lv in the compact subsoil did not restrict water or N acquisition. This was possibly due to a large increase in the specific uptake per unit length of root, by the fewer roots in the compact subsoil. Compared to the subsoil treatments, only small changes in topsoil physical properties occurred when tillage was ceased. From the field trials the proportion and time of root growth into compact soil appeared important in determining the plant response. In a series of split-root experiments (horizontal and vertical arrangements of compact and loose soil) compensatory root growth in the loose soil only occurred when the root system was exposed to horizontally compact soil When compensatory root growth did not occur shoot growth was reduced. This resulted in there being a close relationship between total root length and leaf area. Further test results support a direct effect of mechanical impedance on shoot growth with a rapid (within 10 minutes) and large (50%) reduction in leaf elongation occurring when roots were mechanically impeded. In the field only plants whose roots were totally exposed to compact soil had reduced shoot growth with very compact subsoil having no effect.Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
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Moncrieff, Glenn R. "The demographic impacts of browsing on woody plants in savannas : from individual branches to whole populations." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11501.
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Includes bibliographical references (p. 121-131).Browsing ungulates can potentially have drastic impacts on vegetation patterns. This is particularly true in African savannas where many large browsers persist at high densities. Most of the theory and models outlining mechanisms of impact on plants and predicting responses are framed in terms of biomass impacts and responses. However, for trees in African savannas, fitness is more closely linked to height than above ground biomass. I evaluate the demographic impacts of browsing, making explicit contrasts with impacts on biomass. The results highlight under- explored intrinsic aspects of plants and browsers that determine the degree of browser impact on plant demography, aspects that have been under-explored due to an emphasis on biomass responses, and provide novel methods to measure and evaluate large-scale browser impacts, which have proved difficult before.
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England, Robert A. "A computer-controlled system for measuring rates of uptake of potassium, nitrate and phosphate by whole plants." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.293864.
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Ma, Cunxian. "Tentative Identification of Hydroxylated 2,2',3,5',6-pentachlorobiphenyl Metabolites in Whole Poplar Plants by a Combination of Chromatographic and Spectrometry Techniques." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2014. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/4691.
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2,2',3,5',6-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB95) is a chiral congener of the persistent organic pollutants (POPs) family of PCBs. It has been shown that chiral PCBs can be enantioselectively transformed into hydroxylated metabolites by cytochrome P450 in animals. Previous studies in our group suggested that PCB 95 can be enantioselectively translocated and metabolized in whole poplar plants. In this work, healthy whole poplar plants were hydroponically exposed to PCB95 for 30 days. Two unknown OH-PCB95 metabolites were detected in the roots by HPLC-MS. Different chromatographic and spectrometry techniques, including HPLC-MS, NMR and GC-MS, were tried to determine the structure of the more abundant metabolite of the two. It was identified to be 4'-OH-PCB95 (4'-95) by GC-MS method. The data show that PCB95 can be transformed into at least two hydroxylated metabolites by whole poplar plants, with one of them being 4'-95. Chiral analysis of 4'-95 by HPLC-MS showed slightly more abundance of the second eluting enantiomer E2-4'-95 in the roots, suggesting that the biotransformation of PCB95 to 4'-95 is enantioselective. Comparison with animal studies shows a distinct metabolite profile in whole poplar plants.
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Ray, Jonathan Paul. "A study of endogenous cytokinins and abscisic acid in whole plants of Phaseolus vulgaris L. during deficits in soil water." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.237736.
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Chen, Eric Chun-Hung. "Fractionation Resistance of Duplicate Genes Following Whole Genome Duplication in Plants as a Function of Gene Ontology Category and Expression Level." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/32789.
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With the proliferation of plant genomes being sequenced, assembled, and annotated, duplicate gene loss from whole genome duplication events, also known in plants as frac- tionation, has shown to have a different pattern from the classic gene duplication models described by Ohno in 1970. Models proposed more recently, the Gene Balance and Gene Dosage hypotheses, try to model this pattern. These models, however, disagree with each other on the relative importance of gene function and gene expression. In this thesis we explore the effects of gene function and gene expression on duplicate gene loss and retention.
We use gene sequence similarity and gene order conservation to construct our gene fam- ilies. We applied multiple whole genome comparison methods across various plants in rosids, asterids, and Poaceae in looking for a general pattern. We found that there is great consistency across different plant lineages. Genes categorized as metabolic genes with low level of expression have relatively low fractionation resistance, losing duplicate genes readily, while genes categorized as regulation and response genes with high level of expression have relatively high fractionation resistance, retaining more duplicate gene pairs or triples.
Though both gene function and gene expression have important effects on retention pattern, we found that gene function has a bigger effect than gene expression. Our results suggest that both the Gene Balance and Gene Dosage models account to some extent for fractionation resistance.
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Osode, Augustina Nwabuje. "Assessment of the prevalence of virulent Eschericia coli strains in the final effluents of wastewater treatment plants in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1001062.
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Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a common inhabitant of surface waters in the developed and developing worlds. The majority of E. coli cells present in water are not particularly pathogenic to humans; however, there are some present in small proportion that possess virulence genes that allow them to colonize the digestive tract. Pathogenic E. coli causes acute and chronic diarrheal diseases, especially among children in developing countries and in travelers in these locales. The present study, conducted between August 2007 and July 2008, investigated the prevalence and distribution of virulent E. coli strains as either free or attached cells in the final effluents of three wastewater treatment plants located in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa and its impact on the physico-chemical quality of the receiving water body. The wastewater treatment plants are located in urban (East Bank Reclamation Works, East London), peri-urban (Dimbaza Sewage Treatment Works) and in rural area (Alice Sewage Treatment Works). The effluent quality of the treatment plants were acceptable with respect to pH (6.9-7.8), temperature (13.8-22.0 °C), dissolved oxygen (DO) (4.9-7.8 mg/L), salinity (0.12-0.17 psu), total dissolved solids (TDS) (119-162 mg/ L) and nitrite concentration (0.1-0.4 mg/l). The other xii physicochemical parameters that did not comply with regulated standards include the following: phosphate (0.1-4.0 mg/L); chemical oxygen demand (COD) (5-211 mg/L); electrical conductivity (EC) (237-325 μS/cm) and Turbidity (7.7-62.7 NTU). Results suggest that eutrophication is intensified in the vicinity of the effluent discharge points, where phosphate and nitrate were found in high concentrations. Presumptive E. coli was isolated from the effluent samples by culture-based methods and confirmed using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) techniques. Antibiogram assay was also carried out using standard in vitro methods on Mueller Hinton agar. The viable counts of presumptive E. coli for the effluent samples associated with 180 μm plankton size ranged between 0 – 4.30 × 101 cfu/ml in Dimbaza, 0 – 3.88 × 101 cfu/ml in Alice and 0 – 8.00 × 101 cfu/ml in East London. In the 60 μm plankton size category E. coli densities ranged between 0 and 4.2 × 101 cfu/ml in Dimbaza, 0 and 2.13 × 101 cfu/ml in Alice and 0 and 8.75 × 101 cfu/ml in East London. Whereas in the 20 μm plankton size category presumptive E. coli density varied from 0 to 5.0 × 101 cfu/ml in Dimbaza, 0 to 3.75 × 101 cfu/ml in Alice and 0 to 9.0 × 101 cfu/ml in East London. The free-living presumptive E. coli density ranged between 0 and 3.13 × 101 cfu/ml in Dimbaza, between 0 and 8.0 × 101 cfu/ml in Alice and between 0 and 9.5 × 101 cfu/ml in East London. Molecular analysis successfully amplified target genes (fliCH7, rfbEO157, ial and aap) which are characteristic of pathogenic E. coli strains. The PCR assays using uidA-specific primer confirmed that a genetic region homologous in size to the E. coli uidA structural gene, including the regulatory region, was present in 3 of the E. coli isolates from Alice, 10 from Dimbaza and 8 from East London. Of the 3 E. coli isolates from Alice, 1 (33.3%) was positive for the fliCH7 genes and 3 was positive for rfbEO157 genes. Out of the 10 isolates from Dimbaza, 4 were xiii positive for fliCH7 genes, 6 were positive for the rfbEO157 genes and 1 was positive for the aap genes; and of the 8 isolates from East London, 1 was positive for fliCH7 genes, 2 were for the rfbEO157 genes, 6 were positive for the ial genes. Antimicrobial susceptibility profile revealed that all of the E. coli strains isolated from the effluent water samples were resistant (R) to linezolid, polymyxin B, penicillin G and sulfamethoxazole. The E. coli isolates from Dimbaza (9/10) and East London (8/8) respectively were resistant to erythromycin. All the isolates were found to be susceptible (S) to amikacin, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, colistin sulphate, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, cefuroxime, ertapenem, gatifloxacin, gentamycin, imidazole, kanamycin, meropenem, moxifloxacin, neomycin, netilmicin, norfloxacin and tobramycin. The findings of this study revealed that the Alice wastewater treatment plant was the most efficient as it produced the final effluent with the least pathogenic E. coli followed by the Dimbaza wastewater treatment plant. In addition, the findings showed that the wastewater treatment plant effluents are a veritable source of pathogenic E. coli in the Eastern Cape Province watershed. We suggest that to maximize public health protection, treated wastewater effluent quality should be diligently monitored pursuant to ensuring high quality of final effluents.
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Nordstedt, Nathan P. "Isolation and characterization of novel bacterial strains to alleviate abiotic stress in greenhouse ornamental crops." The Ohio State University, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1617740819791342.
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Badela, Andiswa Unathi. "Prevalence and pathogenicity of vibrios in treated final effluents of selected wastewater treatment plants in the Amathole District Municipality of Eastern Cape Province of South Africa." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1019774.
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Waterborne diarrhoeal infections continue to be a major health setback in developing countries, especially in rural areas which lack adequate supply of portable water and sanitation facilities. Globally, waterborne diarrhoeal infections occur with an estimated mortality rate of 10–25 million deaths per year, 95% of which are children under the age of 5 years. The Vibrio species is one of the major groups of enteric pathogens that are responsible for diarrhoeal infections. Many strains of these bacterial species continue to cause epidemics of diarrhoea throughout the world. In this study, the prevalence of Vibrio pathogens in wastewater final effluents was assessed. Wastewater final effluent and discharge point samples were collected monthly between September 2012 and August 2013. All samples were collected aseptically using sterile 1 L Nalgene bottles containing 0.5 ml of sterile sodium thiosulphate solution and transported on ice to the laboratory for analyses within 6 h of collection. The membrane filtration method was used for enumeration of presumptive Vibrio densities on thiosulfate citrate bile salt (TCBS) agar plates. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was then used to confirm the identities of the presumptive Vibrio species using the species-specific primers. The confirmed isolates were further subjected to molecular characterization to confirm their respective pathotypes. Presumptive Vibrio densities varied from 0 to 2.11 × 102 cfu/100 ml. Out of 300 confirmed Vibrio isolates; 13.3% (40/300) were Vibrio fluvialis, 22% (66/300) were confirmed to be Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and 24.7% (74/300) proved to be Vibrio vulnificus, and 40% (120/300) were other Vibrio species which were not assessed for in this study. The strains of Vibrio fluvialis were found to exhibit 100% resistance to Polymixin and Tetracycline. However, Gentamicin was active against all the three Vibrio species selected for the purpose of this research. The recovery of Vibrio species in the discharged effluents throughout the sampling period even in adequately disinfected effluents is not acceptable considering the fact that Vibrio is a pathogenic bacterium. The findings of this study underline the need for constant monitoring of the microbiological qualities of discharged effluents and might also be suggestive for a review of the disinfection methods used at the treatment works.
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Seti, Nozuko Zukiswa. "Prevalence of pathogenic Escherichia coli strains in the final effluents of four wastewater treatment plants in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1019808.
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Water is an essential need that stimulates health and well being. Increase in population size and urbanization negatively affect water resources due to high demands of effluent outputs. Wastewater is an important reservoir for Escherichia coli and can present significant acute toxicity if released into receiving water sources without being adequately treated. E. coli is used as indicator organism for the detection of faecal contamination. These strains have been considered to be one of the primary causes of diarrhoeal infections worldwide. The present study was conducted between September 2012 and June 2013 to assess the prevalence of pathogenic E. coli strains in the final effluents of four wastewater treatment plants in Chris Hani and Buffalo City Municipalities in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. Standard membrane filtration technique was used for bacteriological analysis and molecular based technique was used for identification of E. coli pathotypes. The results were recorded in colony forming units/100 ml. Faecal coliforms ranged between 0-9.6×10³ CFU/100 ml for the wwtp-Q and E. coli densities ranged between 0-8.4×10³ CFU/100ml. Faecal coliforms ranged between 4×10²-9.7×10³ CFU/100 ml for wwtp-M and E. coli densities ranged between 1.2×10¹-8.4×10³ CFU/100 ml. The wwtp-E showed to have bacterial counts of faecal coliforms ranging between 4.0×10³-8.2×10³ CFU/100 ml and E. coli densities ranging between 3.5×10¹-7.1×10³ CFU/100 ml. The WWTP-K in this study was only assessed for the presence of E. coli. Faecal coliforms were assessed by the other members of the group. This plant showed to have E. coli densities ranging between 0-7.5×10²CFU/100 ml. A total of 200 presumptive E. coli isolates were subjected to screening by conventional PCR in which (29%) of the wwtp-M isolates were positively identified as E. coli, (16%) of the wwtp-K, (22%) of the wwtp-Q and (34%) of the wwtp-E isolates were positively confirmed as E. coli. A total of 100 randomly selected E. coli isolates were characterised into different pathotypes. (16%) of positive isolates were detected as EPEC and 11% were detected as UPEC strains. There was no detection for the ETEC strains. Antibiotic susceptibility patterns of E. coli strains showed high levels of resistance to Penicillin G, Erythromycin, Tetracycline and Sulfamethoxazole. High levels of Susceptibility were observed in antibiotics such as Chloramphenicol, Amoxicillin and Tetracycline. The results of this study reveal that the plants were above the recommended Standard limit of zero CFU/100 ml for effluents meant to be discharge into receiving water sources. This study reveals inadequacy of the plants studied to produce effluents of acceptable quality.
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Ajibade, Adefisoye Martins. "Assessment of the prevalence of faecal coliforms and Escherichia coli o157:h7 in the final effluents of two wastewater treatment plants in Amahlathi Local Municipality of Eastern Cape Province, South Africa." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1016166.
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The production of final effluents that meet discharged requirements and guidelines remain a major challenge particularly in the developing world with the resultant problem of surface water pollution. This study assessed the physicochemical and microbiological qualities of two wastewater treatment works in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa in terms of the prevalence of faecal coliforms and Escherichia coli O157:H7 over a five month period. All physicochemical and microbiological analyses were carried out using standard methods. Data were collected in triplicates and analysed statistically using IBM SPSS version 20.0. The ranges of some of the physicochemical parameters that complied with set guidelines include pH (6.7 – 7.6), TDS (107 – 171 mg/L), EC (168 – 266 μS/cm), Temperature (15 – 24oC), NO3- (0 – 8.2 mg/L), NO2- (0.14 – 0.71 mg/L) and PO4 (1.05 – 4.50 mg/L). Others including Turbidity (2.64 – 58.00 NTU), Free Cl (0.13 – 0.65 mg/L), DO (2.20 – 8.48 mg/L), BOD (0.13 – 6.85 mg/L) and COD (40 – 482 mg/L) did not comply with set guidelines. The microbiological parameters ranged 0 – 2.7 × 104 CFU/100 ml for FC and 0 – 9.3 × 103 for EHEC CFU/100 ml, an indication of non-compliance with set guidelines. Preliminary identification of 40 randomly selected presumptive enterohemorrhagic E. coli isolates by Gram’s staining and oxidase test shows 100% (all 40 selected isolates) to be Gram positive while 90% (36 randomly selected isolates) were oxidase negative. Statistical correlation between the physicochemical and the microbiological parameters were generally weak except in the case of free chlorine and DO where they showed inverse correlation with the microbiological parameters. The recovery of EHEC showed the inefficiency of the treatment processes to effectively inactivate the bacteria, and possibly other pathogenic bacteria that may be present in the treated wastewater. The assessment suggested the need for proper monitoring and a review of the treatment procedures used at these treatment works.
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Gcilitshana, Onele. "Quality indices of the final effluents of two sub-urban-based wastewater treatment plants in Amathole District Municipality in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1019816.
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Worldwide, water reuse is promoted as an alternative for water scarcity, however, wastewater effluents have been reported as possible contaminants to surface water. The failure of some wastewater treatment processes to completely remove organic matter and some pathogenic microorganisms allows them to initiate infections. This manifests more in communities where surface water is used directly for drinking. To assess water quality, bacteria alone cannot be used as it may be absent in virus-contaminated water. This study was carried out to assess the quality of two wastewater treatment plant effluents from the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. Physicochemical parameters and microbiological parameters like faecal coliforms, adenovirus, rotavirus, hepatitis A virus, norovirus and enterovirus were evaluated over a projected period of one year. Physicochemical parameters were measured on site using multiparameters, faecal coliforms enumerated using culture-based methods and viruses are detected using both conventional and real-time PCR. Physicochemical parameters like electrical conductivity, turbidity, free chlorine and phosphates were incompliant with the standards set by the Department of Water affairs for effluents to be discharged. Faecal coliform counts were nil for one plant (WWTP-R) where they correlated inversely (P < 0.01) with the high free chlorine. For WWTP-K, faecal coliforms were detected in 27% of samples in the range of 9.9 × 101 to 6.4× 104 CFU/100ml. From the five viruses assessed, three viruses were detected with Rotavirus being the most abundant (0-2034176 genome copies/L) followed by Adenovirus (0–275 genome copies/L) then Hepatitis A virus (0–71 genome copies/L) in the WWTP-K while none of the viruses was detected in WWTP-R. Species B, species C and Adv41 serotypes were detected from the May 2013 and June 2013 samples where almost all parameters were incompliant in the plant. The detection of these viruses in supposedly treated effluents is suggestive of these being the sources of contamination to surface water and therefore renders surface waters unsafe for direct use and to aquatic life. Although real-time PCR is more sensitive and reliable in detection of viruses, use of cell-culture techniques in this study would have been more efficient in confirming the infectivity of the viruses detected, hence the recommendation of these techniques in future projects of this nature.
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Chew, Yin Hoon. "Multi-scale whole-plant model of Arabidopsis growth to flowering." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/8008.
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In this study, theoretical and experimental approaches were combined, using Arabidopsis as the studied species. The multi-scale model incorporates the following, existing sub-models: a phenology model that can predict the flowering time of plants grown in the field, a gene circuit of the circadian clock network that regulates flowering through the photoperiod pathway, a process-based model describing carbon assimilation and resource partitioning, and a functional-structural module that determines shoot structure for light interception and root growth. First, the phenology model was examined on its ability to predict the flowering time of field plantings at different sites and seasons in light of the specific meteorological conditions that pertained. This analysis suggested that the synchrony of temperature and light cycles is important in promoting floral initiation. New features were incorporated into the phenology model that improved its predictive accuracy across seasons. Using both lab and field data, this study has revealed an important seasonal effect of night temperatures on flowering time. Further model adjustments to describe phytochrome (phy) mutants supported the findings and implicated phyB in the temporal gating of temperature-induced flowering. The improved phenology model was next linked to the clock gene circuit model. Simulation of clock mutants with different free-running periods highlighted the complex mechanism associated with daylength responses for the induction of flowering. Finally, the carbon assimilation and functional-structural growth modules were integrated to form the multi-component, whole-plant model. The integrated model was successfully validated with experimental data from a few genotypes grown in the laboratory. In conclusion, the model has the ability to predict the flowering time, leaf biomass and ecosystem exchange of plants grown under conditions of varying light intensity, temperature, CO2 level and photoperiod, though extensions of some model components to incorporate more biological details would be relevant. Nevertheless, this meso-scale model creates obvious application routes from molecular and cellular biology to crop improvement and biosphere management. It could provide a framework for whole-organism modelling to help address global issues such as food security and the energy crisis.
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Pepin, Steeve. "Stomatal control of whole-plant photosynthesis and transpiration in conifer seedlings." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ36648.pdf.
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Mirfenderesgi, Golnazalsadat. "Development of a Novel Hydrodynamic Approach for Modeling Whole-plant Transpiration." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1502375927541919.
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Carter, Jacob. "Tamarix ramosissima whole plant and leaf level physiological response to increasing salinity." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/4379.
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Master of ScienceDepartment of Biology
Jesse B. Nippert
In 1902, President Theodore Roosevelt signed and enacted the Reclamation Act, which would fundamentally alter the lowland hydrology of the arid southwest over the next century. Flow regulations, groundwater pumping, damming, and river channel changes have led to decreases in water table heights and periodic overbank flooding, and subsequently, increased soil salinity in the arid Southwest. During this period, native riparian tree species have declined significantly and an invasive tree species, Tamarix ramosissima, has increased in abundance and distribution. Increases in soil salinity negatively impact the physiology of native riparian tree species, but the impacts of soil salinity on Tamarix physiology are incompletely known. I studied the impact of increasing soil salinities on the physiology of Tamarix in both field and controlled environments. I first studied the impacts of increasing soil salinities on Tamarix physiology at two semi-arid sites in western Kansas. I concluded that physiological functioning in Tamarix was maintained across a soil salinity gradient from 0 to 14,000 ppm illustrating robust physiological responses. Using cuttings from Tamarix trees at both sites, I subjected plants to higher NaCl concentrations (15,000 and 40,000 ppm). Tamarix physiology was decreased at 15,000 ppm and 40,000 ppm. Tamarix physiological functioning was affected at the induction of treatments, but acclimated over 30-40 days. These results reveal a threshold salinity concentration at which Tamarix physiological functioning decreases, but also illustrate the advantageous halophytic nature of Tamarix in these saline environments. Many arid and semi-arid environments are predicted to become more saline, however, results from both studies suggest that increasing salinity will not be a major barrier for Tamarix persistence and range expansion in these environments.
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Scott, Drew Austin. "RECOVERY OF WHOLE SOIL CONDITIONS THROUGH RESTORATION FROM AGRICULTURE AND ITS ROLE IN MEDIATING PLANT-PLANT COMPETITION." OpenSIUC, 2015. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/1826.
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The tallgrass prairie has been severely reduced in size, making restoration important to maintain communities and functions of this ecosystem. A chronosequence approach was used to determine recovery of physical and biological soil properties. The recovery models of soil properties provided information to explain the variation in total C stock of the whole soil. Recovery models also provided information to design a competition experiment based on variation in whole soil conditions with land use history. The filter framework hypothesis is a useful concept for examining tallgrass prairie restoration; the theory states only a subset of species in the region will be able to establish in a specific location due to abiotic and biotic filters. With this theory in mind, I explored the influence of whole soil conditions as affected by land use history (cultivation/restoration) and how these conditions altered plant-plant competition dynamics of a dominant grass was studied. Belowground plant biomass recovers with cessation of tillage and restoration back to prairie, providing an organic matter source for microbial populations to recover and soil macroaggregates to form. This has potential to increase C sequestration in soils and decrease nitrous oxide efflux from soils. Intact 5.5 cm dia cores were collected to a depth of 10 cm in each field to determine physical and biological soil properties. Belowground plant, microbial community, and soil structure properties were modeled to recover coinciding with an increase in total C stock of the whole soil. Structural equation modeling revealed that soil structure physically protecting organic matter explained the most variation in soil carbon sequestration with restoration. Most of the total C was contained within the macroaggregate size fraction; within this fraction most of that C is within the microaggregates within macroaggregates fraction. Soil structure is critical for recovery of soil carbon stocks and the microaggregate within macroaggregate fraction is the best diagnostic of sequestered C. ANCOVA results indicate that while the slopes of nitrous oxide efflux rates did not differ, cumulative efflux differed, though this was not related to time since restoration. Dominant grasses, such as Andropogon gerardii, can exclude subordinate species from grassland restorations. Thus, understanding changes in competition dynamics of dominant grasses could help maintain richness in grassland restorations. There may be changes in competition dynamics with whole soil conditions affected by land use history (cultivation/restoration) as plant available nutrients will decrease, microbial populations will increase, and soil structure will improve with restoration from cultivation to prairie. Using 4 soil treatments of varying land use history with four species treatments, to determine if effects are general or species specific, pairwise substitution competition experiments were conducted. Relative A. gerardii response to competition was compared among soil and species treatments using competition intensity and competition importance indices utilizing final plant biomass, relative growth rate based on maximum height, and net absolute tiller appearance rate. The experiment was conducted over 18 weeks, allowing A. gerardii to flower. A significant intensity result and significant importance results utilizing biomass measurements indicated that the 16 year restored prairie soil cause A. gerardii to be a relatively better competitor against forbs than in all other soils except for cultivated soil, likely due to positive plant-soil feedbacks. Significant importance results utilizing tiller appearance rate indicated that the cultivated and 3 year restored prairie soil caused A. gerardii to be a relatively better competitor than in the 16 year restored and never cultivated native prairie soils, likely due to changes in whole soil conditions related to land use history. There were only general soil effects, as soil treatments did not interact with species treatments. A. gerardii was a relatively better competitor against non-leguminous forbs, indicating that legumes are a better competitor for a limiting nutrient than A. gerardii or that this species is not in direct competition with legumes.
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Mbah, Jonathan Ikechukwu. "Pretreatment and Hydrolysis of Whole-plant Corn (WPC) for the Bioproduction of Ethanol." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1577814083023458.
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Mott, Jennifer Baines. "Putting the pieces together: the parts and the whole of student housing, Lexington, Virginia." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/53331.
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One of the most daunting challenges an architect faces in the design process is making harmony of the myriad parts that make up a building. A small student apartment and stable building for an equestrian center was the subject of an investigation into the extent of the architect's mastery of a project. The parts and assemblies of the structure were studied in detail. This investigation showed that a building's beauty must run more than just "skin deep," and that an architect, in order to have a successful project, must consider even the most minute parts of the building, exercising as much design control as possible.Master of Architecture
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Sindhu, K. "In vitro selection and whole-plant studies of salt and drought tolerance in Elettaria cardamomum." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.337854.
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Chow, Yit Lai. "Caenorhabditis elegans as a whole organism screening system for isoquinoline alkaloid bioactivities." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/188834.
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Kolkailah, Naiyerah F. "Genes Encoding Flower- and Root-Specific Functions are More Resistant to Fractionation than Globally Expressed Genes in Brassica rapa." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2016. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1586.
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Like many angiosperms, Brassica rapa underwent several rounds of whole genome duplication during its evolutionary history. Brassica rapa is particularly valuable for studying genome evolution because it also experienced whole genome triplication shortly after it diverged from the common ancestor it shares with Arabidopsis thaliana about 17-20 million years ago. While many B. rapa genes appear resistant to paralog retention, close to 50% of B. rapa genes have retained multiple, paralogous loci for millions of years and appear to be multi-copy tolerant. Based on previous studies, gene function may contribute to the selective pressure driving certain genes back to singleton status. It is suspected that other factors, such as gene expression patterns, also play a role in determining the fate of genes following whole genome triplication. Published RNA-seq data was used to determine if gene expression patterns influence the retention of extra gene copies. It is hypothesized that retention of genes in duplicate and triplicate is more likely if those genes are expressed in a tissue-specific manner, as opposed to being expressed globally across all tissues. This study shows that genes expressed specifically in flowers and roots in B. rapa are more resistant to fractionation than globally expressed genes following whole genome triplication. In particular, there appears to have been selection on genes expressed specifically in flower tissues to retain higher copy numbers and for all three copies to exhibit the same flower-specific expression pattern. Future research to determine if these observations in Brassica rapa are consistent with other angiosperms that have undergone recent whole genome duplication would confirm that retention of flower-specific-expressed genes is a general feature in plant genome evolution and not specific to B. rapa.
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Tiwari, Siddharth. "The Effects of European corn borer on whole-plant yieldand root knot nematode fitness in corn." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27501.
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Field studies were conducted over two growing seasons to evaluate the effect of different levels of third instar European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis Hübner (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), on whole-plant dry matter in corn grown for silage. Mean (± SEM) whole-plant dry matter was significantly greater by 18.8% in uninfested control plants than in plants with an infestation level of 6 larvae/plant in 2004. Whole-plant dry matter in 2005 was significantly greater by 10.5% in control plants than in plants with an infestation level of 5 larvae/plant. Economic injury levels were calculated for each year using regression equations between whole-plant dry matter and European corn borer infestation level. Plant growth stage and infestation level had no effect on percent acid detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and crude protein values for either year.
Greenhouse studies were conducted to examine the relationship between aboveground herbivory by European corn borer and belowground herbivory by root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita Chitwood (Tylenchida: Heteroderidae), in corn. Two experiments were conducted to measure belowground herbivory by M. incognita in juvenile penetrations and eggs/root system. In the first experiment, the main effects interaction was not significant for either M. incognita juvenile penetrations or eggs/root system. Overall mean juvenile penetrations/root system across all three growth stages, at infestation levels of 1 and 3 larvae/plant were significantly less than in the non-infested control. In addition, overall mean eggs/root system at an infestation level of 3 larvae/plant were significantly less than in the control. In the second experiment, the main effects interaction was significant for both juvenile penetrations and eggs/root system. At the 8 and 10 leaf growth stages, juvenile penetrations/root system at infestation levels of 1 and 3 larvae/plant were significantly less than in the control. In addition, eggs/root system at an infestation level of 3 larvae/plant were significantly less than in the control, at all growth stages. In the reciprocal study, which examined the effect of different M. incognita inoculation levels on European corn borer stalk tunneling, no significant effect of inoculation level on European corn borer stalk tunneling was found.Ph. D.
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Schwarzschild, Arthur C. "Growth Response of Eelgrass (Zostera marina L) to Root-Rhizome and Whole Plant Exposure to Atrazine." W&M ScholarWorks, 1993. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617661.
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Fox, Susan. "A Comparison of Chemical Composition & Fermentation Patterns of Alternative Silages to Whole Plant Corn Silage." TopSCHOLAR®, 1989. https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/2346.
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A comparison of the relationship of fermentation to chemical composition was made for forages which were wilted and ensiled at 35 to 45 percent dry matter. Trial I consisted of three forages ensiled in October, 1981: interseeded soybeans and grain sorghum. whole plant corn with added anhydrous ammonia, and whole plant corn with shelled corn added at a rate of 150 kg/t of fresh forage. Trial II consisted of two forages ensiled in 1982: interseeded soybeans and pearlmillet, and wheat. Temperatures of fermentation were collected, and chemical composition during the first 25 days of fermentation analyzed.
Production data were also collected in Trial I. The cash expenses and yields do not indicate a significant advantage to either crop in this study in terms of yields and return over variables. In terms of plant nutrient content there was an advantage for soybean/grain sorgum silage in protein yield of 854 kilograms per hectare as compared to whole plant corn silage.
Temperature data collected on the forages in Trial I covered 57 days from October 8 through December 4. The maximum recorded temperatures for soybean/grain sorghum, corn silage with added anhydrous ammonia and the corn silage control were 37, 37, and 24 degrees Celcius. achieved by day 11, 4, and 11 of ensilement respectively. The rapid temperature increase for material treated with anhydrous ammonia confirmed previous reports. Small fluctuations occurred in silage temperatures but these were not correlated to ambient temperature. Temperatures declined very slowly in all forages, with the lowest reading for silages by day 57 recorded at 19 C for soybean/grain sorghum silage. Ambient temperature was not reached in the ensiled mass during the 57 day period in which data were recorded.
The soybean/pearlmillet ensiled in Trial II quickly reached a high peak temperature of 44 C at 4 days of ensilement, gradually decreasing over a 57 day period to 35 degrees on October 19. The silage did not reach a desireable pH. Initial forage pH was high, 7.4, dropped rapidly to 5.1 on day 5, but did not decline further in succeeding samples. Samples were low in lactic acid and high in acetic acid content.
Initial buffering capacities for both of the soybean mixture forages were considerably higher than the other forage materials. Buffering capacities at day 0 for whole plant corn, whole plant corn treated with anhydrous ammonia, soybean/grain sorghum, soybean/pearlmillet and wheat forages IA ere 19.4, 20.0, 35.3, 35.3. 38.6 and 22.2 milliequivalents/100 g of dry matter respectively. Increases in buffering capacities during fermentation were smaller for soybean/grain sorgum and soybean/pearlmillet . Buffering capacity increases for the forages were 133.5, 290.5, 69.1, 64.2 and 87.4%.
High ammonia nitrogen levels were found in samples of whole plant corn silage with added anhydrous ammonia obtained on days 10 and 20 of ensilement. These contained .282 and .351% ammonia-nitrogen and tested 18.0 and 20.1% crude protein. The increase in buffering capacity which occurrs with addition of anhydrous ammonia was confirmed by the higher acetic acid and pH levels, with corresponding decreases in lactic acid from samples taken days 10 and 25. Crude protein levels were 17.9 and 17.4 percent while the other samples contained only 10-12% crude protein. It appeared that application of anhydrous ammonia was not uniform throughout the silage. Where high concentrations of ammonia occurred fermentation was prolonged as indicated by excessive amounts of lactic and acetic acids and a high pH in these samples. Values for L(+) lactic acid ranged from .2 to .523 in fresh forage to 5.66% of dry matter on day 25. Concentrations of ammonia-nitrogen in the other silages ranged from .061 to .131%.
The low buffering capacity of whole plant corn silage was reflected by normal concentrations of lactate and acetate but a more acidic pH when compared to the other forages. Lactic and acetic acid production for soybean/grain sorghum silage was similar to that of the corn silage control. Corn silage pH was lower, however, throughout fermentation and reached a stable pH by day 5 of fermentation. The wheat silage went through a gradual fermentation with low lactic acid production, and an intermediary ending pH of 4.0.
Fermentation was essentially complete by day 10 in all silages as indicated by pH, buffering capacity, and lactic acid production: however, there was a tendency for buffering capacity and acetic acid content to increase in all of the ensiled materials throughout the 25 day collection period.
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Moyo, Robin Mkhokheli. "Nutritional quality of maize ensiled with wet distillers grains for sheep." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/25900.
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Four trials were conducted to evaluate the effects of ensiling whole plant maize with wet distillers grains with solubles (WDGS) on its preservation and nutritive value. In the first study, WDGS was blended with whole maize plants at 0% (control), 10%, 20%, 30% and 40%, and ensiled for 120 days in bottle silos in a complete randomized design. Fermentation was monitored by taking samples at day 0, 7, 21, 42 and 120. Results showed a steady decrease (P<0.05) in dry matter (DM) concentration with increasing level of WDGS inclusion. Final silage pH was lowest (P<0.05) for the 40% WDGS treatment (pH 3.62) and highest for the 10% WDGS treatment (pH 3.79). There was no effect (P>0.05) of level of WDGS inclusion on initial buffering capacity (day 0), as well as for day 42 and 120 samples. Lactic acid was higher (P<0.05) at day 120 for the control treatment than those blended with WDGS, which did not differ significantly. The concentration of acetic acid was higher value (P<0.05) for silage treatments blended with WDGS than the control, with that of 40% WDGS level of inclusion recording the highest (P<0.05). The control and 40% WDGS treatments had lower (P<0.05) ammonia nitrogen concentration (g/kg N) than the other treatments at day 120. The second trial involved monitoring ruminal fermentation characteristics of cannulated sheep fed three experimental diets. Formulated diets contained maize silage mixed with 24% dried distillers grains with solubles (MS DDGS treatment ), maize silage mixed with 19.5% sunflower oilcake meal (MS SOM treatment), and silage blend of 91% of whole maize plant/9% WDGS (WDGSMS treatment), all on a DM basis, to obtain iso-nutrient diets. The mean value for rumen pH, NH3N and total VFA concentrations among diets did not differ (P>0.05) among treatments. The individual VFA were similar with only butyric acid being lower (P<0.05) in sheep fed WDGSMS. There were no differences in the acetic:propionic acid ratio among treatments. The third trial involved the determination of DM degradability of the three formulated experimental diets using the nylon bag technique. Effective degradability was measured at two outflow rates, 2% and 5%. The diets did not differ (P>0.05) for washing losses (avalue), slowly degradable DM fraction (b-value) and rate of degradation of DM (c-value). Treatment MS SOM recorded the highest effective degradability with MS DDGS having the lowest at 2% outflow rate. The effective degradability value at 5% outflow rate for WDGSMS was not significantly different from that of MS SOM and MS DDGS, which differed significantly. In the final study, experimental diets were fed to three groups of eight lambs in a growth performance trial. The groups offered MS DDGS and MS SOM had superior (P<0.05) final mass (g/head), average daily intake (gDM/kg0.75) and average daily gain (g/head/day), than those offered WDGSMS. The feed conversion ratio did not differ (P>0.05) among all treatments.Dissertation (MSc(Agric))--University of Pretoria, 2011.
Animal and Wildlife Sciences
unrestricted
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Kohrn, Brendan F. "An Efficient Pipeline for Assaying Whole-Genome Plastid Variation for Population Genetics and Phylogeography." PDXScholar, 2017. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4007.
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Tracking seed dispersal using traditional, direct measurement approaches is difficult and generally underestimates dispersal distances. Variation in chloroplast haplotypes (cpDNA) offers a way to trace past seed dispersal and to make inferences about factors contributing to present patterns of dispersal. Although cpDNA generally has low levels of intraspecific variation, this can be overcome by assaying the whole chloroplast genome. Whole-genome sequencing is more expensive, but resources can be conserved by pooling samples. Unfortunately, haplotype associations among SNPs are lost in pooled samples and treating SNP frequencies as independent estimates of variation provides biased estimates of genetic distance. I have developed an application, CallHap, that uses a least-squares algorithm to evaluate the fit between observed and predicted SNP frequencies from pooled samples based on network topology, thus enabling pooling for chloroplast sequencing for large-scale studies of chloroplast genomic variation. This method was tested using artificially-constructed test networks and pools, and pooled samples of Lasthenia californica (California goldfields) from Whetstone Prairie, in Southern Oregon, USA. In test networks, CallHap reliably recovered network topologies and haplotype frequencies. Overall, the CallHap pipeline allows for the efficient use of resources for estimation of genetic distance for studies using non-recombining, whole-genome haplotypes, such as intra-specific variation in chloroplast, mitochondrial, bacterial, or viral DNA.
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Smeeton, Rachel Clair. "An evaluation of the effects of over-production of ABA on whole plant water use, growth and productivity." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2010. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/3928/.
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Predicted climate change and increasing global populations suggest that water will become an increasingly scarce and valuable commodity. Breeding plants which produce equivalent yields with reduced water input is therefore vital to sustain and increase crop production in the future. The phytohormone, abscisic acid (ABA), is important in controlling plant responses to water stress. It may be possible to improve water use efficiency (WUE) by genetically modifying tomato and other species to maintain elevated levels of ABA under optimal (unstressed) conditions, thereby manipulating an intrinsic signalling mechanism which is known to mediate drought-induced alterations of stomatal behaviour. ABA is synthesised via the oxidative cleavage of C40 epoxycarotenoid precursors, a reaction catalysed by the key enzyme 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (NCED). Pure breeding transgenic tomato lines constitutively over-expressing LeNCED1, known as sp5 and sp12, both have elevated ABA concentrations, which reduce stomatal conductance under optimal (unstressed) growth conditions, thus conserving soil water during periods when corresponding wild type (WT) control plants were inefficient in its use. Under well-watered conditions, whole plant transpiration efficiency (TEp) was significantly greater in both 'high ABA' lines (sp12 and sp5) than in WT plants. The over-expression of LeNCED1 was combined with over-expression of a gene (LeBCH2) encoding β-carotene hydroxylase (BCH), an enzyme acting earlier in the ABA biosynthetic pathway. These 'double transgene' lines (G28 and G29) consistently exhibited further improvements in ABA accumulation and TEp relative to corresponding 'single transgene' parental lines. Lines G28 and G29 respectively exhibited 37 and 54 % improvements in TEp relative to WT controls. When evaluated as a potential 'high ABA' rootstock, it was found that the 'double transgene' G29 line did not provide a sufficiently strong root-sourced signal to affect the stomatal behaviour of scions. To increase ABA biosynthesis in the roots further, a programme designed to combine the over-expression of three ABA biosynthetic genes (LeNCED1; LeBCH2; LePSY1) was initiated with the objective of obtaining a rootstock which produced sufficient ABA to affect stomatal behaviour when grafted onto WT scions. Unfortunately, there was insufficient time to complete this work by the end of the period reported in this thesis, although the programme is ongoing.
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Eldfjell, Yrin. "Identifying Mitochondrial Genomes in Draft Whole-Genome Shotgun Assemblies of Six Gymnosperm Species." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Matematiska institutionen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-175410.
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Sequencing efforts for gymnosperm genomes typically focus on nuclear and chloroplast DNA, with only three complete mitochondrial genomes published as of 2017. The availability of additional mitochondrial genomes would aid biological and evolutionary understanding of gymnosperms. Identifying mtDNA from existing whole genome sequencing (WGS) data (i.e. contigs) negates the need for additional experimental work but previous classification methods show limitations in sensitivity or accuracy, particularly in difficult cases. In this thesis I present a classification pipeline based on (1) kmer probability scoring and (2) SVM classification applied to the available contigs. Using this pipeline the mitochondrial genomes of six gymnosperm species were obtained: Abies sibirica, Gnetum gnemon, Juniperus communis, Picea abies, Pinus sylvestris and Taxus baccata. Cross-validation experiments showed a satisfying and forsome species excellent degree of accuracy.Vid sekvensering av gymnospermers arvsmassa har fokus oftast lagts på kärn- och kloroplast-DNA. Bara tre fullständiga mitokondriegenom har publicerats hittills (2017). Fler mitokondriegenom skulle kunna leda till nya kunskaper om gymnospermers biologi och evolution. Då mitokondriernas arvsmassa identifieras från tillgängliga sekvenser för hela organismen (så kallade “contiger”) behövs inget ytterligare laboratoriearbete, men detta förfarande har visat sig leda till bristfällig känslighet och korrekthet, särskilt i svåra fall. I denna avhandling presenterar jag en metod baserad på (1) kmer-sannolikheter och (2) SVM-klassificering applicerad på de tillgängliga contigerna. Med denna metod togs arvsmassan för mitokondrien hos sex gymnospermer fram: Abies sibirica, Gnetum gnemon, Juniperus communis, Picea abies, Pinus sylvestris och Taxus baccata. Korsvalideringsexperiment visade en tillfredställande och för vissa arter utmärkt precision.
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Caruso, Alexandro. "Lichen diversity on stems, slash, and stumps in managed boreal forests : impact of whole-tree harvest /." Uppsala : Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2008. http://diss-epsilon.slu.se/archive/00001675/.
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Thesis (doctoral)--Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2008.Includes reprints of four papers and manuscripts co-authored with others. Includes bibliographical references. Also partially available electronically via World Wide Web in PDF format; online version lacks reprints of four papers and manuscripts.
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Beckers, Veronique [Verfasser], and Christoph [Akademischer Betreuer] Wittmann. "Whole plant in vivo and in silico metabolic flux analysis : towards biotechnological application / Veronique Beckers ; Betreuer: Christoph Wittmann." Saarbrücken : Saarländische Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1164443720/34.
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Starck, Veronique [Verfasser], and Christoph [Akademischer Betreuer] Wittmann. "Whole plant in vivo and in silico metabolic flux analysis : towards biotechnological application / Veronique Beckers ; Betreuer: Christoph Wittmann." Saarbrücken : Saarländische Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:291-scidok-65574.
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Chen, Xiaohua. "Whole genome analysis of the plant growth-promoting Rhizobacteria Bacilllus amyloliquefaciens FZB42 with focus on its secondary metabolites." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät I, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16095.
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Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB42 besitzt einen beeindruckenden Effekt zur Verbesserung des Pflanzenwachstums. Um die Mechanismen, vor allem auf molekularer Ebene, zu verstehen, wurde das komplette Genom von FZB42 in dieser Arbeit sequenziert. Abwesenheit von der weit verbreiteten Phagen-verwandten Genen im Genom von B. subtilis 168, der in enger Verwandtschaft zum FZB42 steht, ist ein besonderes Merkmal. Dagegen enthält das Genom von FZB42 viele DNA-Inseln, in denen unikale Gene in FZB42 als Cluster gefunden wurden. Viele Gene, die möglicherweise zur Pflanzenwachstumsförderung beitragen, wurden in dieser Arbeit identifiziert. B. amyloliquefaciens FZB42 ist natürlich kompetent. Das kompetente Stadium in FZB42 kommt früher als in B. subtilis 168, nämlich während der späten exponentiellen Wachstumsphase. Das FZB42-Genom enthält den kompletten Satz von Genen, die für die Entwicklung der genetischen Kompetenz nötig sind. Ausgenommen von Gene für Quorum-Sensing-System ist die Mehrzahl der Kompetenz-Gene von FZB42 sehr ähnlich zu denen in B. subtilis 168. Das FZB42 Genom birgt ein enormes Potential zur Produktion von sekundären Metaboliten. Genetische Manipulationen wurden durchgeführt, um die Funktionen der trans-AT Domänen und der Modifikationsdomänen in den PKS-Gen-Clustern zu erklären. Mit Ausnahme von fünf Gen-Clustern in B. subtilis 168 (Surfactin, Fengycin, Bacillibactin, Bacillaene und Bacilysin), sind Bacillomycin D, Difficidin, Macrolactin und ein hypothetisches Tripeptid einzigartig im Genom der FZB42. FZB42 kann kein bekanntes ribosomal synthetisiertes Bacteriocin produzieren kann. Gleichzeitig beinhaltet sein Genom ein Gen-Cluster, das wahrscheinlich für die Produktion eines neuartigen Bacteriocins verantwortlich ist. Die eindrucksvolle genetische Kapazität zur Herstellung von antagonistischen sekundären Metaboliten ermöglicht es FZB42, nicht nur erfolgreich neben konkurrierenden Organismen innerhalb seiner natürlichen Umgebung zu überleben, sondern auch Pflanzen gegen pathogene Bakterien und Pilze zu schützen.Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB42 has an impressive effect to improve plant growth. In order to understand the mechanisms, especially at the molecular biological level, the whole genome of FZB42 was sequenced in this work. The absence of extended phage insertions which are typical for the closely related B. subtilis 168 genome is a particular feature. On the other hand, several DNA islands where unique genes in FZB42 were found clustered. Many candidate genes that may contribute to the plant growth promotion were identified in this works. B. amyloliquefaciens FZB42 is naturally competent. FZB42 exhibited its maximal competence earlier than B. subtilis, during late exponential growth. Not surprisingly, the FZB42 genome harbors the complete set of genes necessary for development of genetic competence. The majority of competence genes are highly homologous to their counterparts in B. subtilis 168, excluded from genes for the quorum-sensing system. The FZB42 genome harbors enormous potential for producing secondary metabolites. Genetic manipulation was carried out to investigate the trans-AT domains and some modification domains in the pks gene clusters. With the exception of five gene clusters in B. subtilis 168 (Surfactin, Fengycin, Bacillibactin, Bacillaene and Bacilysin), Bacillomycin D, Difficidin, Macrolactin and a hypothetical tripeptide are unique in the genome of the FZB42. A remarkable feature of the FZB42 genome is that it does not produce any known ribosomally synthesized bacteriocin, whereas a gene cluster probably responsible for production of a new bacteriocin was identified in this work. The impressive genetic capacity to produce antagonistic acting secondary metabolites not only enables FZB42 to cope successfully with competing organisms within its natural environment, but also to protect plants from pathogenic bacteria and fungi.
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Clouse, Jared William. "The Amaranth (Amaranthus Hypochondriacus) Genome: Genome, Transcriptome and Physical Map Assembly." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2015. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5916.
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Amaranthus hypochondriacus is an emerging pseudo-cereal native to the New World which has garnered increased attention in recent years due to its nutritional quality, in particular its seed protein, and more specifically its high levels of the essential amino acid lysine. It belongs to the Amaranthaceae family, is an ancient paleotetraploid that shows amphidiploid inheritance (2n=32), and has an estimated genome size of 466 Mb. Here we present a high-quality draft genome sequence of the grain amaranth A. hypochondriacus. The genome assembly consisted of 377 Mb in 3,518 scaffolds with an N50 of 371 kb. Repetitive element analysis predicted that 48% of the genome is comprised of repeat sequences, of which Copia-like elements were the most common classified retrotransposon. A transcriptome, consisting of 66,370 contigs, was assembled from eight different tissue and abiotic stress libraries. Annotation of the genome identified 23,059 genes that were supported by our de novo transcriptome assembly, the RefBeet 1.1 gene index and the Uniprot_sprot database. To describe the genetic diversity within the grain amaranths (A. hypochondriacus, A. caudatus, and A. cruentus) and their putative progenitor (A. hybridus) we re-sequenced seven accessions in the genus Amaranthus (four A. hypochondriacus, and one of each A. caudatus, A. cruentus, and A. hybridus), which identified 7,184,636 and 1,760,433 interspecific and intraspecific single nucleotide polymorphisms, respectively. A phylogeny analysis of the re-sequenced accessions substantiated the classification of A. hybridus as the progenitor species of the grain amaranths. Lastly, we generated a physical map for A. hypochondriacus using the BioNano optical mapping platform. The physical map spanned 340 Mb and a hybrid assembly using the BioNano optical genome maps nearly doubled the N50 of the assembly to 697 kb. Moreover, we analyzed synteny between amaranth and Beta vulgaris (sugar beet) and estimated, using Ks analysis, the age of the most recent polyploidization event in amaranth.
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Snider, Danielle A. "The Gametocytocidal Activity of Whole-Plant Artemisia annua and Artemisia afra Tea-Based Therapies against Plasmodium falciparum in vitro." Digital WPI, 2019. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-theses/1346.
Full textAbstract:
Malaria is one of the deadliest parasitic diseases worldwide, causing 219 million infections and 435 thousand deaths per year. As such, this mosquito-borne illness is a major target for global eradication efforts. One critical arm of the eradication strategy is chemotherapy. For a therapeutic to advance the eradication agenda, it must cure the patient of infection and eliminate transmission stage parasites (called gametocytes) from the blood, thereby breaking the cycle of transmission. Currently, first-line treatments against malaria infection consist of an artemisinin derivative in combination with another antimalarial drug from a different drug class. Although artemisinin and its derivatives are highly efficacious at curing malaria, these drugs are ineffective at preventing disease transmission. However, recent in vivo studies have suggested that whole plant Artemisia annua (the botanical source of artemisinin) delivered as tea can cure patients of infection and eliminate transmission stage parasites from the bloodstream. To validate these in vivo results in vitro, experiments were performed to measure the killing efficacy of A. annua and A. afra tea infusions against three different stages of the parasite life cycle— one stage of the asexual cycle, immature gametocytes, and mature gametocytes. Killing effects were observed using light microscopy and gametocyte gene-specific RT-qPCR analyses. Results suggested that A. annua tea was nearly as effective as artemisinin at killing all three tested stages of the parasite. A. afra tea, which contains low levels of artemisinin, showed comparable killing efficacy against late stage gametocytes, but not against the other two tested stages. These results supported the notion that A. annua tea is an effective antimalarial and also provides evidence that both A. annua and A. afra teas may be a viable therapeutic option for eliminating gametocytes during human infection.
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GRECCHI, ISABELLA. "EFFECTS OF HYBRID, HARVEST TIME AND HAIL DAMAGE ON CHEMICAL, NUTRITIONAL AND BIO-METHANE POTENTIAL PROPERTIES OF WHOLE PLANT CORN." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/11843.
Full textAbstract:
Il mais rappresenta una delle colture più diffuse nel Nord Italia. Negli ultimi anni si è assistito ad un notevole incremento della superficie a mais legato soprattutto all'uso dell'insilato di mais come substrato per la produzione di biogas.
Per questo motivo è necessario avere il maggior numero di informazioni possibili per migliorare le performance della coltura.
In letteratura ci sono molti studi che valutano l’impatto dell’ambiente e del management sulle caratteristiche chimico nutrizionali e sul potenziale metanigeno del foraggio di mais ma non ci sono lavori che considerano entrambi i parametri.
L’obiettivo della tesi è stato quello di investigare come il danno da grandine , la genetica e il momento di raccolta possano influenzare la composizione della pianta intera tradotta come potenziale metanigeno e valore nutrizionale del foraggio.In the Po Valley the maize crop represent one of the most cultivated plant used for cattle feeding but in the last 10 years it is also used as biogas substrate. Considering the importance of this cultivation, there is the continuous need to obtain information about this plant with the aim to improve the crop performance. There are numerous studies investigating the impact of environmental aspects and management practices on chemical and nutritional composition, and methane production in the literature but very few that evaluate those parameters together. The general objective of this thesis is to investigate how hail damage, type of hybrid and the harvesting date affect the whole plant composition. To accomplish this, two specific objectives are posed: i) verify the effects of hail damage levels on yield, chemical and nutritional feature as well as on BMP of maize grown in the Po Valley; and ii) to evaluate the value of different hybrids for animal nutrition and methane production in anaerobic fermenters and as delaying harvesting after the usual stage of maturity affects these features. It was also aimed to verify if chemical composition and in vitro digestibility tests could allow to estimate methane yield potential in maize whole plant.
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GRECCHI, ISABELLA. "EFFECTS OF HYBRID, HARVEST TIME AND HAIL DAMAGE ON CHEMICAL, NUTRITIONAL AND BIO-METHANE POTENTIAL PROPERTIES OF WHOLE PLANT CORN." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/11843.
Full textAbstract:
Il mais rappresenta una delle colture più diffuse nel Nord Italia. Negli ultimi anni si è assistito ad un notevole incremento della superficie a mais legato soprattutto all'uso dell'insilato di mais come substrato per la produzione di biogas.
Per questo motivo è necessario avere il maggior numero di informazioni possibili per migliorare le performance della coltura.
In letteratura ci sono molti studi che valutano l’impatto dell’ambiente e del management sulle caratteristiche chimico nutrizionali e sul potenziale metanigeno del foraggio di mais ma non ci sono lavori che considerano entrambi i parametri.
L’obiettivo della tesi è stato quello di investigare come il danno da grandine , la genetica e il momento di raccolta possano influenzare la composizione della pianta intera tradotta come potenziale metanigeno e valore nutrizionale del foraggio.In the Po Valley the maize crop represent one of the most cultivated plant used for cattle feeding but in the last 10 years it is also used as biogas substrate. Considering the importance of this cultivation, there is the continuous need to obtain information about this plant with the aim to improve the crop performance. There are numerous studies investigating the impact of environmental aspects and management practices on chemical and nutritional composition, and methane production in the literature but very few that evaluate those parameters together. The general objective of this thesis is to investigate how hail damage, type of hybrid and the harvesting date affect the whole plant composition. To accomplish this, two specific objectives are posed: i) verify the effects of hail damage levels on yield, chemical and nutritional feature as well as on BMP of maize grown in the Po Valley; and ii) to evaluate the value of different hybrids for animal nutrition and methane production in anaerobic fermenters and as delaying harvesting after the usual stage of maturity affects these features. It was also aimed to verify if chemical composition and in vitro digestibility tests could allow to estimate methane yield potential in maize whole plant.
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Sakala, Jakub. "The 'Whole-plant' concept in palaeobotany on the example of the Tertiary of northwestern Bohemia, Czech Republic with particular reference to fossil wood." Paris 6, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA066295.
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Wright, David Kenyon. "Effects of Clearcutting with Whole Tree Harvesting on Woody and Herbaceous Plant Diversity After 17-Years of Regrowth in a Southern Appalachian Forest." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/46481.
Full textAbstract:
This study examines the effects of clearcut regeneration with whole-tree harvesting on plant diversity. Three approaches were used to study changes in species composition and structure: (1) forest level, (2) stand level, and (3) diversity indices. Within each approach the forest was stratified into three horizontal vegetative regions based upon height: herb (< 1 m), shrub (between 1 and 5 m), and tree (> 5 m). Between the pre-harvest and 17-year-old forest, the relative percent cover of 3 out of 45 herbaceous and 2 out of 34 woody species were found to be significantly different (df = 3; a = 0.10) in the herb stratum; the importance value (average of relative basal area and stem density) of 2 out of 25 woody species in the shrub stratum; and 1 out of 21 woody species in the tree stratum. Within stands, the three lower quality, 17-year-old stands (SI50 = 12.2, 15.2, and 18.3 m) most resembled their pre-harvest composition; however, increases in ericaceous species were observed in the herb and shrub strata potentially inhibit the future regeneration of tree species. The SI50 = 21.3 m stand incurred the greatest changes in composition potentially due to the lack of fire as a disturbance mechanism. The major mechanism that has caused the shifts in species composition and structure is the change in the microenvironment due to the removal of the overstory, which has shifted the competitive advantages from one species to another. In all cases, diversity indices were not found to be significantly different between the 17-year-old and pre-harvest forests. Diversity indices were therefore determined to have limited use if a manager wants to know specific compositions and/or abundance of species.Master of Science
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Filho, Sérgio Gil de Toledo. "Avaliação da dinâmica da população de microrganismos em plantas de cana-de-açúcar IAC (93-3046)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11139/tde-22102010-083440/.
Full textAbstract:
O número das espécies microbianas presentes na forragem no ato da colheita é responsável pelo padrão de fermentação da silagem, sendo que o número de unidades formadoras de colônia (ufc) é alterado ao longo do ciclo da cultura e das condições ambientais, e esse fato, influencia fortemente a eficácia de aditivos utilizados no processo. Neste contexto, três experimentos foram conduzidos a fim de caracterizar a população microbiana em plantas de cana-de-açúcar. No primeiro experimento foi caracterizada a população microbiana em plantas de cana-de-açúcar por meio da técnica de plaqueamento. Os tratamentos impostos foram compostos por duas fontes de adubação (NPK e NPK associado a esteco bovino curtido 120kg de N/ha) da cana-de-açúcar colhidas manualmente com vista à quantificação do número de bactérias ácido láticas, leveduras e mofos, bem como relacionar suas freqüências de ocorrência com efeitos ambientais, fonte de fertilizante e estádio de maturação, com colheitas realizadas aos 10, 12, 14 e 18 meses, correspondendo aos meses de Março, Maio, Julho e Novembro de 2009, respectivamente. No segundo experimento foram avaliadas as variáveis biométricas, morfológicas, dinâmica de acúmulo de MS e dos nutrientes em cana-de-açúcar submetida às fontes de fertilização, descritas anteriormente. No terceiro experimento foi realizada avaliação química e bromatológica de cana-de-açúcar submetida à fontes de adubação. O experimento composto por blocos inteiramente casualizados sendo 6 blocos subdivididos em 2 parcelas. Os dados gerados foram analisados pelo procedimento Proc Mixed e Proc NLIN, do programa SAS. Não se observou efeito do tratamento sobre nunhuma variável avaliada. A produtividade média de massa verde variou entre 162 e 188 tMV/ha, podendo ser considerada elevada. O número de folhas verdes partiu de 9,5 aos 10 meses e atingiu cerca de 10 aos 18, o que é esperado, uma vez que ao passar do tempo há aumento da biomassa das plantas. O mesmo se observo para folhas secas, partindo de cerca de zero folhas por planta até cerca de 3 folhas. O peso das folhas também foi crescente. O peso e comprimento do colmo aumentaram de Março para Maio, mas apartir de Maio e Julho esse crescimento foi estagnado, não aumentando significativamente devido à seca. Porém, apartir de Julho esse crescimento voltou a ocorrer com o aumento das chuvas. A cana-de-açúcar apresentou 10 oBrix aos 10 meses, 17oBrix aos 12 meses e 20obrix aos 20 meses. O índice de maturidade aumentou, saindo de 33,46 aos 10 meses e atingindo 88,5 aos 18 meses. Aos 12 meses a cana-de-açúcar apresentou teor de matéria seca de 24%, e aos 18 meses 28%. Os teores de FDN e FDA da planta inteira dimunuiu ao longo do tempo, dos 10 meses (61% e 38,4% de FDN e FDA, respectivamente) para os 12 meses e permanecendo constante até os 18 meses (55% e 35,6% de FDN e FDA, respctivamente). Foi observado que existe correlação positiva entre DIVMS e do oBrix,e a equação, DIVMS = 41,35 + oBrix ; com R2=0,73 e P<0,01 se estabelecendo como ferramenta importante para se estimar a DIVMS. Ao longo do tempo, a contagem de bactérias ácido láticas e de leveduras foi crescente. De forma geral, todas as frações da planta apresentaram contagem numericamente semelhante, partindo de cerca de 4log ufc/gMV aos 10 meses e atingindo cerca de 5,5 log ufc/gMV aos 18 meses. Aos 10 meses a planta inteira de cana-de-açúcar apresentou contagem de leveduras de 4 log ufc/g MV permanecendo constante até os 18 meses, quando atingiu 5,7 log ufc/g MV. A fonte de adubação, quer seja química ou orgânica, não interfere na população de microrganismos, que entretanto, varia em função do período experimental e das condições climáticas.The numbe of microbial species in forages during the ensiling is responsible for the silage fermentation, and the numbeof colony forming units (cfu) changes during the crop cycle and environmental conditions. It suggests that the initial microbial profile strongly influences the effectiveness of additives used in the process. In this context, we propose three trials to characterize the microbial population in plants of sugarcane. The first trial evaluated the microbial population in plants of sugarcane by the technique of pour plating. The treatment consisted of two levels of fertilization (NPK and NPK associated with solid manure - 120kg N / ha) applied immediately after sugarcane was harvested by hand. The objective was quantify the number of lactic acid bacteria, yeasts and molds, as well as relating their frequencies with environmental effects, fertilization and stage of maturation, with samples taken at 10, 12, 14 and 18 months, corresponding to the months of March, May, July and November 2009. The second trial measured the biometric variables, morphological, the accumulation of dry matter and nutrients in sugarcane subjected the sources of fertilization, as mensioned. The third trial performed chemical assessments of sugarcane subjected to the sources of fertilization. The trials consisted of a completely randomized design with six blocks sub-divided into two plots. Data were analyzed by the procedure Proc Mixed and Proc NLIN of SAS program. There was no effect of treatment in any trial. The fresh yield ranged from 162 to 188tGM/ha which can be considered high. The number of green leaves was increased from 9.5 to 10 to 10 to 18, which is expected, since there is an increase of plant biomass across the time. The same was observed for dead leaves, from about 0 leaves per plant up to 3 leaves. The weight of the leaves was also increased. The weight and length of the stem increased from March to May, and became more intensive from July with increasing rainfall. However, during the dry season (May - July) there was a decreased growing rate.The sugarcane oBrix was 10 at 10 months, 17 oBrix at 12 months and 20oBrix to 20 months. The maturity index increased, from 33.46 to 10 months reaching 88.5 at 18 months. At 12 months the sugarcane showed dry matter content of 24% and 28% at 18 month. The NDF and ADF of the whole plant decreased over time from 10 months (61% and 38.4% NDF and ADF, respectively) for 12 months and remained constant until 18 months (55% and 35 6% NDF and ADF, respectively). A is positive correlation between IVDMD and oBrix was observed, and the equation, IVDMD = 41.35 + oBrix, with R2 = 0.73 and P <0.01 is an important tool to estimate IVDMD. Over time, the counts of lactic acid bacteria were increased. In general, all plant fractions showed similar counts, starting from 4 log cfu/gGM to 10 months and reaching about 5.5 log cfu/gGM to 18 months. At 10 months the whole plant sugarcane had yeast count of 4 log cfu/gGM remaining constant until 18 months, when it reached 5.7 log cfu / g MV. The source of fertilizer, whether chemical or organic, does not interfere in the population of microorganisms, however, varies depending on the experimental period and climatic conditions.
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Fataftah, Nazeer Verfasser], Klaus [Akademischer Betreuer] Humbeck, Nicolaus von [Akademischer Betreuer] [Wirén, and Per L. [Akademischer Betreuer] Gregersen. "A wider perspective on the barley leaf senescence connecting whole plant development and nitrogen availability / Nazeer Fataftah ; Klaus Humbeck, Nicolaus Wirén, Per L. Gregersen." Halle, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1123071462/34.
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Kinney, Jonathan P. "Controlling Phalaris arundinacea through the use of shade while promoting native species recruitment in a wet meadow." Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1313685720.
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Rosvall, Ola. "Enhancing gain from long-term forest tree breeding while conserving genetic diversity /." Umeå : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 1999. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/1999/91-576-5643-6.pdf.
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Vorster, Barend Juan. "Using whole genome comparison to detect sequence similarities between plants and microbes." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/24171.
Full textAbstract:
With an increasing amount of whole genome sequence data becoming available on a daily basis we have an opportunity to study the interactions and dynamics of different organisms on a whole genome level. In the past, reports of horizontal gene transfer have focused mainly on the identification of single genes that show distorted phylogenetic profiles to that of the organism it was isolated from. This study firstly did whole genome comparisons between the rice nuclear and plastid genomes to determine the level and dynamics gene transfer and insertion of the chloroplast ad mitochondrial genomes into that of the nuclear genome of rice. Secondly, it looked to identify sequence similarities between the rice genome and microbial genomes by performing whole genome comparisons between the rice genome and that of several microbial genomes. These sequences were analyzed further to identify possible instances of horizontal transfer of DNA from microbes to the rice genome. Using this approach, this study reports several fragments in the rice genome with significant sequence similarity to that of microbial DNA fragments. This study also provides evidence supporting horizontal transfer of several of these fragments. This study provides valuable information regarding intra- as well as inter-genome DNA transfer dynamics.Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2009.
Plant Science
unrestricted
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Meeson, NM. "Ants, plants and biodiversity surrogates in Tasmanian Eucalypt forests." Thesis, 2006. https://eprints.utas.edu.au/17356/1/whole-meeson-thesis.pdf.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
The forest reserve system in the state of Tasmania, Australia, is based on
mapping units classified largely according to vegetation characteristics
discernible from aerial photographs. However, the validity of vegetationbased
surrogates for conserving invertebrate biodiversity has been
insufficiently tested. While ant assemblages have been shown to vary with
extr