Books on the topic 'Whole class approach'
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1
Sacks, Ariel. Whole novels for the whole class: A student-centered approach. Hoboken, NJ: Jossey-Bass, a Wiley Brand, 2014.
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School improvement through drama: A creative whole class, whole school approach. New York: Continuum International Pub. Group, 2009.
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McCavera, Bibiana Christina. Testing reading recovery strategies as a whole class approach to reading. (s.l: The Author), 2001.
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Dal Cin, Valentina. Il mondo nuovo. Venice: Edizioni Ca' Foscari, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-313-7.
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As shown in a movie by Ettore Scola, a precinematic device called ‘mondo niovo’ could entertain people by illustrating the ‘new world’ opened by the French Revolution. After 1797 in the territories of the former Republic of Venice Venetian patricians, Terraferma nobles, officials, landowners, merchants, intellectuals and whoever intended to be part of the ruling class had to deal with this ‘new world’. Following careers and lives of those men between 1797 and 1815 is the only way to consider this short but chaotic period as a whole, as Venice and Veneto alternated between Austrian and Napoleonic rule, changing government four times. Therefore, this research adopts a prosopographical approach in order to analyse formal and informal powers of Venetian elites (public roles, kinships and networks). The aim is to examine factors of social mobility in terms of continuity and change, thus describing a regional ruling class at the beginning of the Nineteenth century.
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Sacks, Ariel. Whole Novels for the Whole Class: A Student-Centered Approach. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2013.
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Sacks, Ariel. Whole Novels for the Whole Class: A Student-Centered Approach. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2013.
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Sacks, Ariel. Whole Novels for the Whole Class: A Student-Centered Approach. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2013.
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8
Roberts, Kate. A Novel Approach: Whole-Class Novels, Student-Centered Teaching, and Choice. Heinemann, 2018.
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Farb, Benson, and Dan Margalit. A Primer on Mapping Class Groups (PMS-49). Princeton University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691147949.001.0001.
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The study of the mapping class group Mod(S) is a classical topic that is experiencing a renaissance. It lies at the juncture of geometry, topology, and group theory. This book explains as many important theorems, examples, and techniques as possible, quickly and directly, while at the same time giving full details and keeping the text nearly self-contained. The book is suitable for graduate students. It begins by explaining the main group-theoretical properties of Mod(S), from finite generation by Dehn twists and low-dimensional homology to the Dehn–Nielsen–Baer–theorem. Along the way, central objects and tools are introduced, such as the Birman exact sequence, the complex of curves, the braid group, the symplectic representation, and the Torelli group. The book then introduces Teichmüller space and its geometry, and uses the action of Mod(S) on it to prove the Nielsen-Thurston classification of surface homeomorphisms. Topics include the topology of the moduli space of Riemann surfaces, the connection with surface bundles, pseudo-Anosov theory, and Thurston's approach to the classification.
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Barton, Christopher P. Archaeology of Race and Class at Timbuctoo. University Press of Florida, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9780813069272.001.0001.
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This book focuses on the intersectionality of race, class, and practice at the Black community of Timbuctoo. Founded in 1825 by formerly enslaved migrants from Maryland Timbuctoo was one of several antebellum communities in southern New Jersey. The locations of these free communities were due to the influence of Quakers who offered legal support and employment to Black residents. Timbuctoo along the Greenwich Line of the Underground which took people escaping slavery from the Delaware Bay to New York. Despite some assistance by Quaker abolitions, New Jersey was hostile rife with racism and slavecatchers. The people of Timbuctoo endured several interactions with slavecatchers, including, the Battle of Pine Swamp, where armed residents thwarted the attempt of George Alberti to arrest “fugitive” Perry Simmons. The residents of Timbuctoo continued to fight as several of the men enlisted in the United States Colored Troops, including William Davis whose homestead was the focus for archaeological research. This book takes a multiscalar approach to understanding the everyday lives at Timbuctoo from settlement patterns and landscape archaeology, to in-depth interpretations on artifact types, like peanut butter and home canning. Uncovered in these analyses are stories of the struggles of life along the color line. However, these stories are also about perseverance and the ability of individuals to aspire. Oral histories from the community elders convey how despite life of poverty that the people of Timbuctoo formed a collective identity; a community of self-described, “Bucktonians”
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Watson, Marilyn. Learning to Trust. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190867263.001.0001.
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This book describes an approach to classroom management and discipline based on attachment theory. An overview of attachment theory research and a detailed description of its implications for teaching and classroom management are provided. One teacher, Laura Ecken, and her second/third-grade class in a high-poverty school are chronicled across two years as she manages her class, guided by attachment theory. Laura’s day-by-day and week-by-week efforts to build caring, trusting relationships with and among her students are documented in detail. The many steps she takes to guide the class into becoming a caring, learning community while also meeting her students’ individual needs for autonomy, belonging, and competence are clearly described. Of course, not all goes well in this very real classroom, and how Laura manages the pressures of competition and students’ many misbehaviors, ordinary and serious, are clearly and sometimes humorously described. Laura’s teaching was not just about learning the academic curriculum or even about creating a supportive and friendly classroom, it was also about helping her students realize that their school learning was part of the process of composing their future lives. Such teaching is not easy and is counter to more controlling management approaches common in many schools. The book ends with a chapter that describes several students from Laura’s class seven years later, when they are in high school.
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Heaton, Brenda, Abdulrahman El-Sayed, and Sandro Galea. Agent-Based Models. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190843496.003.0005.
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Agent-based modeling is a newer approach to the study of neighborhoods and health. In brief, an agent-based model is one of a class of computational models for simulating the actions and interactions of autonomous agents (both individual or collective entities, such as organizations or groups) with a view to assessing their effects on the system as a whole. Neighborhood characteristics and resources evolve and adapt as the individuals living within them change and vice versa. In this way, neighborhoods reflect a complex adaptive system. In this chapter, we introduce agent-based models as a tool for modeling these interactive and adaptive processes that occur within a system, such as a neighborhood. The chapter provides a basic introduction to this method, drawing on examples from the neighborhoods and health literature.
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Cottingham, Marci D. Practical Feelings. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197613689.001.0001.
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Practical Feelings develops and applies a theory of emotion practice to the domains of work, leisure, social media, and politics. Chapter 1 theorizes an emotion practice approach by synthesizing symbolic interactionist and poststructural approaches to emotion using their shared lineage of pragmatism. Within this approach, the concepts of emotional capital, habitus, and social location together help us examine emotion as effort, energy, and embodied resource. Chapters 2 through 5 apply an emotion practice approach to the social arenas of work, leisure, social media, and politics. The empirical chapters move from the intimate sphere of nursing to the sphere of public health threats while illustrating the strengths of an emotion practice approach. Audio diaries from nurses capture how they use and conserve emotional resources within hierarchies of social class and race. In examining sports fans, we see how they use and invest in the emotional power of sports symbols, but a hierarchy of racial inequality underlies this economy of emotion that connects communities and corporations. Social media users connect with others during health threats by relying on engrained digital habits of frivolity and humor. Turning to the political sphere, rhetoric from leaders reinforces a view of emotions as irrational, converting their emotional capital of stoicism into political capital during public health threats (Ebola and COVID-19). The final chapter develops the relevance of homophily for connecting emotions with social inequality and theorizes mechanisms for social change.
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Vaid, Divya. Uneven Odds. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199480142.001.0001.
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Focussing on patterns of intergenerational stability, this book traces the unequal structures of opportunity in India. The author addresses questions and approaches towards social mobility (or the lack thereof) through interactions between social class, caste, and gender while adopting a rural–urban perspective, capturing changes over time, and the implications of social mobility on a national scale. This book plugs in crucial gaps in the research on social mobility, which has been marked by the lack of precision regarding the extent of mobility in contemporary India. Using a broad lens of both caste and class, this up-to-date statistical analysis, which uses national-level datasets and advanced quantitative methods, enriches the sociological as well as the anthropological literature, while also locating India within the larger context of social mobility research in the industrialized and industrializing world.
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Alcalde, M. Cristina. Peruvian Lives across Borders. University of Illinois Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252041846.001.0001.
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Peruvian Lives across Borders focuses on the transnational lives of middle and upper-class transnational Peruvians. Among the Peruvians whose migration trajectories this book examines, return as a possibility, impossibility, or reality looms large. The lens of return provides one way to understand what transnational Peruvians desire, reject, or feel ambivalent about in constructions of home and Peruvianness. Employing return as a critical lens and through an intersectional approach, the book presents an intentional departure from the more prevalent focus on international labor migrants from lower and working classes in migration scholarship, and particularly among anthropologists. It suggests that a critical examination of middle and upper-class Peruvians’ migration experiences reveals as much about individual trajectories and class dimensions of migration as about broader constructions of Peruvianness and home that inform the everyday lives of Peruvians across multiple differences and spaces. A close look at Peruvian individual lives across settings in the United States, Canada, Germany, and Peru, and affective and material attachments to and practices in those settings, exposes the lived realities of everyday negotiations surrounding return to a home that is fundamentally made up of processes of inclusion and exclusion based on social hierarchies of gender, location, language, race, sexual identity, and class.
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Rizzo, Matteo. Taken for a Ride. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198794240.003.0001.
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The chapter starts by describing public transport in Dar es Salaam as ‘functional chaos’. It then critically reviews two thematic literatures, on African cities and on their informal economies, to reveal that references to chaos, dystopia, and their opposites, order and functionalism, are common. The key argument is that a highly contextual understanding of urban informality and of how African cities work is required to avoid overly deterministic structural accounts and romantic celebration of African agency without due attention to structural constraints. The chapter presents the book’s approach: namely a political-economy analysis, centred on class analysis and wary of automatically reading off the political interests of actors from their class position. It argues that neoliberalism and post-socialism are key to understanding Tanzania and public transport in Dar es Salaam, and calls for grounding ‘actually existing neoliberalism’ in a particular context while retaining the analytical power of the concept of neoliberalism.
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González, Gabriela. Masons, Magonistas, and Maternalists. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199914142.003.0003.
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This chapter illustrates how, despite the differences in political approach among the gente decente reformers, the greater contrast was between these liberals and the Magonistas who took liberal reform to the radical extreme of anarcho-syndicalism. Flores Magón and his Magonismo followers denounced abuses on both sides of the border long before others did, and their analysis of what was wrong was more far-reaching than the liberals’. However, while Magonismo theoretically supported feminist ideals, in practice the movement tended to subsume the plight of women within that of workers generally. To the extent that they romanticized women’s traditional roles, Magonistas resembled the middle-class liberals they critiqued heavily.
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Youssef, Mary. Minorities in the Contemporary Egyptian Novel. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474415415.001.0001.
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This book examines questions of identity, nationalism, and marginalization in the contemporary Egyptian novel from a postcolonial lens. Under colonial rule, the Egyptian novel invoked a sovereign nation-state by basking in its perceived unity. After independence, the novel professed disenchantment with state practices and unequal class and gender relations, without disrupting the nation’s imagined racial and ethno-religious homogeneity. This book identifies a trend in the twenty-first-century Egyptian novel that shatters this singular view, with the rise of a new consciousness that presents Egypt as fundamentally heterogeneous. Through a robust analysis of “new-consciousness” novels by authors like Idris ᶜAli, Bahaᵓ Tahir, Miral al-Tahawi, and Yusuf Zaydan, the author argues that this new consciousness does not only respond to predominant discourses of difference and practices of differentiation along the axes of race, ethno-religion, class, and gender by bringing the experiences of Nubian, Amazigh, Bedouin, Coptic, Jewish, and women minorities to the fore of Egypt’s literary imaginary, but also heralds the cacophony of voices that collectively cried for social justice from Tahrir Square in Egypt’s 2011-uprising. This study responds to the changing iconographic, semiotic, and formal features of the Egyptian novel. It fulfills the critical task of identifying an emergent novelistic genre and develops historically reflexive methodologies that interpret new-consciousness novels and their mediatory role in formalizing and articulating their historical moment. By adopting this context-specific approach to studying novelistic evolution, this book locates some of the strands that have been missing from the complex whole of Egypt’s culture and literary history.
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Marsh, Leslie L. Conclusion. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037252.003.0007.
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This concluding chapter argues that Brazilian women's film practice retains an impulse to use moving images as a way to denounce social inequality and fight for justice. Indeed, throughout the 1990s and in recent years, one finds an increasingly intersectional approach whereby gender, and female sexuality have been studied in conjunction with age, class, race, ethnicity, and other markers of power and social exclusion. Moreover, the sociopolitical issues raised by women directors from the past find echo in current debates surrounding Brazilian women's filmmaking. As the area of Brazilian women's filmmaking receives increasing attention from academics, analysis of women's filmmaking in Brazil needs to further examine funding strategies women employ to make their films while also expanding its focus to include other arenas in film production, distribution, and exhibition in which women have been involved.
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Toye, John. Development with a human face, 1980–. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198723349.003.0010.
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Early attempts to humanize political economy raised two questions—the class interests of owners of land and capital and the politics of moving to a reformed system of wealth valuation. These two problems recurred when Mahbub ul Haq revolted against the conventional techniques of development planning and advocated a reform that included targets for the structure of consumption, expressed in physical and not financial terms. This basic needs approach was criticized for being top-down, state-led, and foundering on the difficult politics of reform. Amartya Sen rejected the metric of both utility and commodities and argued for that of capabilities to function, but declined to propose a set of basic human capabilities—while supporting ul Haq’s simplistic Human Development Index. Poverty has many dimensions, but even the new multiple poverty index needs to justify the dimensions chosen for inclusion.
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Silva, Daniel F. Anti-Empire: Decolonial Interventions in Lusophone Literatures. Liverpool University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781786941008.001.0001.
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Anti-Empire explores how different writers across Lusophone spaces engage with imperial and colonial power at its various levels of domination, while imagining alternatives to dominant discourses pertaining to race, ethnicity, culture, gender, sexuality, and class. Guided by a theoretically eclectic approach ranging from Psychoanalysis, Deconstruction, Postcolonial Theory, Queer Theory, and Critical Race Studies, Empire is explored as a spectrum of contemporary global power inaugurated by European expansion and propagated in the postcolonial present through economic, cultural, and political forces. Through the texts analysed, Anti-Empire offers in-depth interrogations of contemporary power in terms of racial politics, gender performance, socio-economic divisions, political structures, and the intersections of these facets of domination and hegemony. By way of grappling with Empire’s discursive field and charting new modes of producing meaning in opposition to that of Empire, the texts read from Brazil, the Cape Verde Islands, East Timor, Portugal, and São Tomé and Príncipe open new inquiries for Postcolonial and Decolonial Studies while contributing theoretical debates to the study of Lusophone cultures.
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Hartley, Andrew James. Dialectical Shakespeare. Edited by James C. Bulman. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199687169.013.38.
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This chapter considers ways to empower actors and audiences through 'a brand of performance pedagogy advanced by Dorothy Heathcote called ‘process drama’, which approaches a text (in this case, Shakespeare’s Taming of the Shrew) not by staging a single reading but by presenting multiple critical approaches in a single presentation as a way of demonstrating the script’s malleability while also generating ownership and critical engagement within the cast and the audience. The chapter details the methodology involved, centring on a college production which toured area high schools, thereby making educators of the student actors, and it underscores what worked best and what might work better. It assumes the essential foreignness of Shakespeare to many students, a foreignness which is steeped in class as well as history, and considers how the charged politics of an unfamiliar play can become urgently immediate through a reciprocal system of rehearsal and performance.
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Struthers, David M. The World in a City. University of Illinois Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252042478.001.0001.
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This book examines interracial labor and radical organizing in Los Angeles, California, and the United States/Mexico borderlands between 1900 and 1930. Domestic and transnational migration to Los Angeles—including from Europe, Asia, and Mexico—created one of the most racially diverse regions in the United States. Uneven regional economic development drove continued labor mobility for many working-class residents. The book documents a thread of working-class culture in which interracial solidarities formed to oppose capitalism, racism, and often the state itself. These solidarities flourished most frequently among workers with the most precarious employment and living situations, fueled by the ideals advanced in anarchism, socialist internationalism, the syndicalism of the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) and the Partido Liberal Mexicano (PLM). This book uses the anarchist notion of affinity to frame its understanding of interracial organizing as the mobility of workers often made coalitions and solidarities short lived. Affinity frames the individual cooperative actions that shaped the social practices of resistance often too unstructured or episodic for historians to capture. This approach maintains focus on the continuity of organizing practices while tracing changing solidarities, associations, and organizations that formed and dissolved through struggle, repression, and factionalism. The radical practices that germinated in and near Los Angeles produced some of the broadest examples of interracial cooperation in U.S. history.
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Oikonomopoulou, Katerina. Miscellanies. Edited by Daniel S. Richter and William A. Johnson. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199837472.013.25.
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This chapter discusses miscellanies, a type of Second Sophistic writing whose distinguishing features are variety of subject matter and loose organization. The chapter starts out by acknowledging the difficulty of grasping “the miscellany” as a genre: as it argues, socio-cultural approaches to genre are more appropriate than formalistic ones, if we seek to address the question of these works’ readership and appeal. Accordingly, the chapter links miscellanies with imperial Greco-Roman reading culture, by investigating the aesthetic and cognitive advantages of variety (variatio/poikilia). Further, it demonstrates that miscellanies actively engage with key ideals and concerns of Second Sophistic culture, such as paideia and identity, by constructing differing models of polymathy, and by exploring different facets of identity (class, cultural, or gender).
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Heins, Laura. Germany’s Great Love vs. the American Fortress: Home Front Melodrama. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037740.003.0005.
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This chapter compares Hollywood and Nazi uses of melodrama during World War II and demonstrates that the American home front film portrayed the war effort as a defense of middle-class domesticity, while the Nazi home front melodrama suggested that war provided a means to intensified erotic experience. Home front melodramas featuring female main protagonists, contemporary settings, and a thematization of the war were produced in Hollywood and in Babelsberg, but the form and extent of this treatment was not identical in the two cinemas. The chapter considers the approaches to cinematic propaganda advocated by the leadership of both sides, by looking at the paradigmatic Hollywood home front films Mrs. Miniver and Since You Went Away (1944) in detail. It then examines Nazi home front melodramas in relation to conventions established by these Hollywood films.
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Walkre, Melanie, Monica McLean, Mikateko Mathebula, and Patience Mukwambo. Low-Income Students, Human Development and Higher Education in South Africa: Opportunities, obstacles and outcomes. African Minds, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47622/9781928502395.
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This book explores learning outcomes for low-income rural and township youth at five South African universities. The book is framed as a contribution to southern and Africa-centred scholarship, adapting Amartya Sen’s capability approach and a framework of key concepts: capabilities, functionings, context, conversion factors, poverty and agency to investigate opportunities and obstacles to achieved student outcomes. This approach allows a reimagining of ‘inclusive learning outcomes’ to encompass the multi-dimensional value of a university education and a plurality of valued cognitive and non-cognitive outcomes for students from low-income backgrounds whose experiences are strongly shaped by hardship. Based on capability theorising and student voices, the book proposes for policy and practice a set of contextual higher education capability domains and corresponding functionings orientated to more justice and more equality for each person to have the opportunities to be and to do what they have reason to value. The book concludes that sufficient material resources are necessary to get into university and flourish while there; the benefits of a university education should be rich and multi-dimensional so that they can result in functionings in all areas of life as well as work and future study; the inequalities and exclusion of the labour market and pathways to further study must be addressed by wider economic and social policies for ‘inclusive learning outcomes’ to be meaningful; and that universities ought to be doing more to enable black working-class students to participate and succeed. Low-Income Students, Human Development and Higher Education in South Africamakes an original contribution to capabilitarian scholarship: conceptually in theorising a South-based multi-dimensional student well-being higher education matrix and a rich reconceptualisation of learning outcomes, as well as empirically by conducting rigorous, longitudinal in-depth mixed-methods research on students’ lives and experiences in higher education in South Africa. The audience for the book includes higher education researchers, international capabilitarian scholars, practitioners and policy-makers.
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Randles, Clint. Music Teacher as Music Producer. Oxford University PressNew York, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197519455.001.0001.
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Abstract Music Teacher as Music Producer (MTMP) is for music teachers who are looking to improve and build upon their daily practices in a contemporary and/or popular music setting where they are in charge of numerous modern bands. Few resources exist to describe what it is that a music teacher does in these types of classrooms. The approach to teaching outlined here is a way forward for our thinking that moves beyond music teacher as facilitator in some ways, suggesting that a music teacher’s primary purpose is to elevate their students’ creativities in both live performance and recording. While live performance conceptions have existed in music education for centuries, they are underdeveloped as far as thinking about modern bands goes. In this book, the author takes strides to remedy this shortcoming. Recording cover and original music could be half of what music teachers do in classrooms. Music classes could look a lot more like art class if teachers planned for them to be that way. This book unpacks how to think about and go about doing that.
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Sieder, Rachel, and Anna Barrera Vivero. Challenging Male Dominance in Norm-Making in Contexts of Legal Pluralism: Insights from the Andes. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198829621.003.0009.
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The gender participatory turn in the Andes has been accompanied by multicultural and plurinational citizenship regimes granting greater autonomy for indigenous self-governance and recognition of legal pluralism. While autonomy regimes have been criticized for legalizing gender discrimination in customary systems, this chapter emphasizes the diverse strategies deployed by indigenous women to improve their participation and secure greater gender justice within communal governance regimes—systems they defend as more accessible than state institutions. In some cases positive synergies have developed between the parity movement and indigenous women’s struggles for voice. In other cases, the absence of cross-class alliances, racism, and party political calculations and interests have impeded the development of a transformative agenda for advancing women’s interests. Evidence from the Andes suggests that strategies of claiming voice and greater participation within indigenous governance systems are complementary to national approaches for advancing gender equality, not in conflict with them.
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Ellison, David H., and Arohan R. Subramanya. Clinical use of diuretics. Edited by Robert Unwin. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0033.
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Diuretics are widely employed to treat extracellular fluid volume expansion caused by heart failure, cirrhosis of the liver, nephrotic syndrome, and chronic kidney disease. Major classes of diuretic inhibit sodium reabsorption along the proximal tubule, the loop of Henle, the distal convoluted tubule, and the connecting and collecting tubules. Loop diuretics have the highest ceiling of action and often form the cornerstones of diuretic treatment of oedema. Members of this class are short-acting drugs, with different bioavailabilities, the specifics of which contribute importantly to a rational and effective approach to their use. They are not filtered substantially because they are all protein bound. They enter tubules by secretion along the proximal tubule, thereby gaining access to the Na-K-2Cl cotransporter of the thick ascending limb. Their dose–response curves are sigmoidal and altered by several disease processes. Chronic administration can elicit adaptive processes along the nephron that limit their efficacy. Distal convoluted tubule diuretics, such as the thiazides, inhibit NaCl absorption along the distal convoluted tubule. While used predominantly to treat hypertension, they are also useful to treat oedema, especially when combined with loop diuretics. Drugs acting along the connecting tubule and collecting duct either inhibit Na+ channels directly or block mineralocorticoid receptors. These drugs are effective in states of very high aldosterone secretion, and can also be used to reduce the hypokalaemia caused by other classes of diuretics. An evidence-based approach to treating the oedematous patient is described.
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Benson, Janel E., and Elizabeth M. Lee. Geographies of Campus Inequality. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190848156.001.0001.
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In efforts to improve equity, selective college campuses are increasingly focused on recruiting and retaining first-generation students—those whose parents have not graduated from college. In Geographies of Campus Inequality, sociologists Benson and Lee argue that these approaches may fall short if they fail to consider the complex ways first-generation status intersects with race, ethnicity, and gender. Drawing on interview and survey data from selective campuses, the authors show that first generation students do not share a universal experience. Rather, first generation students occupy one of four disparate geographies on campus within which they negotiate academic responsibilities, build relationships, engage in campus life, and develop post-college aspirations. Importantly, the authors demonstrate how geographies are shaped by organizational practices and campus constructions of class, race, and gender. Geographies of Campus Inequality expands the understanding of first-generation students’ campus lives and opportunities for mobility by showing there is more than one way to be first generation.
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Bartilow, Horace A. Drug War Pathologies. University of North Carolina Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469652559.001.0001.
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In this book, Horace Bartilow develops a theory of embedded corporatism to explain the U.S. government’s war on drugs. Stemming from President Richard Nixon’s 1971 call for an international approach to this “war,” U.S. drug enforcement policy has persisted with few changes to the present day, despite widespread criticism of its effectiveness and of its unequal effects on hundreds of millions of people across the Americas. While researchers consistently emphasize the role of race in U.S. drug enforcement, Bartilow’s empirical analysis highlights the class dimension of the drug war and the immense power that American corporations wield within the regime. Drawing on qualitative case study methods, declassified U.S. government documents, and advanced econometric estimators that analyze cross-national data, Bartilow demonstrates how corporate power is projected and embedded—in lobbying, financing of federal elections, funding of policy think tanks, and interlocks with the federal government and the military. Embedded corporatism, he explains, creates the conditions by which the interests of state and nonstate members of the regime converge to promote capital accumulation. The subsequent human rights repression, illiberal democratic governments, antiworker practices, and widening income inequality throughout the Americas, Bartilow argues, are the pathological policy outcomes of embedded corporatism in drug enforcement.
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Garoche, Pierre-Loïc. Formal Verification of Control System Software. Princeton University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691181301.001.0001.
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The verification of control system software is critical to a host of technologies and industries, from aeronautics and medical technology to the cars we drive. The failure of controller software can cost people their lives. This book provides control engineers and computer scientists with an introduction to the formal techniques for analyzing and verifying this important class of software. Too often, control engineers are unaware of the issues surrounding the verification of software, while computer scientists tend to be unfamiliar with the specificities of controller software. The book provides a unified approach that is geared to graduate students in both fields, covering formal verification methods as well as the design and verification of controllers. It presents a wealth of new verification techniques for performing exhaustive analysis of controller software. These include new means to compute nonlinear invariants, the use of convex optimization tools, and methods for dealing with numerical imprecisions such as floating point computations occurring in the analyzed software. As the autonomy of critical systems continues to increase—as evidenced by autonomous cars, drones, and satellites and landers—the numerical functions in these systems are growing ever more advanced. The techniques presented here are essential to support the formal analysis of the controller software being used in these new and emerging technologies.
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Ghodsee, Kristen, and Mitchell Orenstein. Taking Stock of Shock. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197549230.001.0001.
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Using an interdisciplinary approach, this book evaluates the social consequences of the post-1989 transition from state socialism to free market capitalism across Central and Eastern Europe and Central Asia. Blending ethnographic accounts with economic, demographic, and public opinion data, it provides insight into the development of new, unequal, social orders. It explores the contradictory narratives on transition promoted by Western international institutions and their opponents, one of qualified success and another of epic catastrophe, and surprisingly shows that data support both narratives, for different countries, regions, and people. While many citizens of the postsocialist countries experienced significant progress in living standards and life satisfaction, enabling them to catch up with the West after a relatively brief recession, others suffered demographic and social collapses resulting from rising economic precarity; large-scale degradation of social welfare that came with privatization; and growing gender, class, and regional disparities that have accompanied neoliberal reforms. Transition recessions lasted for decades in many countries, exceeding the US Great Depression in severity. Some countries still have not returned to pre-1989 levels of economic production or mortality; some have lost more than one-fifth of their population and are projected to lose more. Thirty years after the fall of the Berlin Wall, this book deploys a sweeping array of data from different social science fields to provide a more holistic perspective on the successes and failures of transition while unpacking the failed assumptions and narratives of Western institutions, Eastern policymakers, and citizens of former socialist states.
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Holmes, Janice. Methodists and Holiness. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199683710.003.0006.
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Nineteenth-century Britain saw the emergence of a variety of new Dissenting movements which cannot be regarded as belonging to older-established traditions. While some, such as the Brethren, have received considerable attention from historians, others are less well served; indeed, some have discouraged such investigation, partly because of their convictions regarding their divine origin. Consequently, an appreciation of them within their social and religious context has been difficult to achieve. This has been reinforced by the tendency to study such movements in isolation from one another. This chapter establishes where commonalities existed among these movements and between them and Dissent more generally. Those under review fall into several categories. Primitivists looked back to the New Testament as a golden age, from which all subsequent church history had been a decline. The Huntingtonians sought a restoration of a supposed New Testament pattern of spiritual experience. Other primitivists, who may also be called Restorationists, sought to re-establish a pattern of church life replicating that which they read off from the New Testament, or else reacted against such an approach on the basis that it was neither commanded nor possible. Another family of movements adopted a more pragmatic approach, since their primary concern was not the establishment of correct church order but effective evangelism and nurture. The chapter argues that there was a web of connections between these movements, and that they did not in fact develop in isolation from one another. While their pluriformity should not be understated, certain commonalities do emerge. All were suspicious of traditional theological learning. Most emphasized the need for personal conversion. Ecclesiologically, most believed in the sole authority of Scripture, the centrality of communion, the baptism of believers, plural unordained leadership, and often also the autonomy of local congregations; they also tended to be gathered churches. These movements usually began through secession from existing denominations, and this shaped their agenda. A tension felt by most lay between the call for separation from the world and the expression of the unity of all true believers; in several cases, the balance between purity and unity shifted over time. The way in which Scripture was seen as functioning in church life affected the extent and visibility of women’s involvement. Outreach was frequently directed at members of other denominations (who might be regarded as unconverted) as much as at the unchurched. While many of these movements appealed primarily to the working classes and the poor, some such as Brethren and Catholic Apostolics combined this with a middle-class element, and few were democratic in ethos. While there was often a cerebral element to their apologetic, most movements stressed the sovereign freedom of the Holy Spirit to act in and through members. Although their approach to Scripture as propositional truth and their sense of their own mission rendered them liable to division, they have remained a visible part of the British religious landscape to the present.
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Goldberg, Ann. Sex, Religion, and the Making of Modern Madness. Oxford University Press, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195125818.001.0001.
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How did the affliction we now know as insanity move from a religious phenomenon to a medical one? How did social class, gender, and ethnicity affect the experience of mental trauma and the way psychiatrists diagnosed and treated patients? In answering these questions, this important volume mines the rich and unusually detailed records of one of Germany's first modern insane asylums, the Eberbach Asylum in the duchy of Nassau. It is a book on the historical relationship between madness and modernity that both builds upon and challenges Michel Foucault's landmark work on this topic, a bold study that gives generous consideration to madness from the patient's perspective while also shedding new light on sexuality, politics, and antisemitism in nineteenth-century Germany. Drawing on the case records of several hundred asylum patients, Sex, Religion, and the Making of Modern Madness reconstructs the encounters of state officials and medical practitioners with peasant madness and deviancy during a transitional period in the history of both Germany and psychiatry. As author Ann Goldberg explains, this era witnessed the establishment of psychiatry as a legitimate medical specialty during a time of social upheaval, as Germany underwent the shift toward a capitalist order and the modern state. Focusing on such "illnesses" as religious madness, nymphomania, and masturbatory insanity, as well as the construct of Jewishness, she probes the daily encounters in which psychiatric categories were applied, experienced, and resisted within the settings of family, village, and insane asylum. The book is a model of microhistory, breaking new ground in the historiography of psychiatry as it synthetically applies approaches from "the history of everyday life," anthropology, poststructuralism, and feminist studies. In contrast to earlier, anecdotal studies of "the asylum patient," Goldberg employs diagnostic patterns to illuminate the ways in which madness--both in psychiatric practice and in the experience of patients--was structured by gender, class, and "race." She thus examines both the social basis of rural mental trauma in the Vormärz and the political and medical practices that sought to refashion this experience. This study sheds light on a range of issues concerning gender, religion, class relations, ethnicity, and state-building. It will appeal to students and scholars of a number of disciplines.
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Newman, Abraham L., and Elliot Posner. Voluntary Disruptions. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198818380.001.0001.
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From home mortgages to iPhones, basic elements of our daily lives depend on international markets. The astonishing complexity of these exchanges may seem ungoverned. Yet the global economy remains deeply bound by rules. Far from the staid world of treaties and state-to-state diplomacy, governance increasingly relies on a different class of international market regulation—soft law—composed of voluntary standards, best practices, and recommended guidance created by a motley assortment of organizations. Voluntary Disruptions argues that international soft law is deeply political, shaping the winners and losers of globalization. Some observers focus on soft law’s potential to solve problems and coordinate market participants. Voluntary Disruptions widens the discussion, shifting attention to the ways soft law provides new political resources to some groups while not to others and alters the sites of contestation and the actors who participate in them. Highlighting two mechanisms—legitimacy claims and arena expansion—the book explains how soft law, typically viewed as limited by its voluntary nature, disrupts and transforms the politics of economic governance. Using financial regulation as its laboratory, Voluntary Disruptions explains the remarkable pre-crisis alignment of US and European approaches to governing markets, the rise and prominence of transnational industry associations in the 1990s and 2000s, and the ambivalence of US reforms toward international market cooperation in the wake of the 2008 financial crisis. Rethinking scholarly and policy approaches to international soft law, Voluntary Disruptions answers enduring and pressing questions about global finance, international relations, and power.
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Biguelini, Elen. Uma União de Mentes: Casamento e educação das mulheres. Brazil Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31012/978-65-5861-562-0.
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English society at the end of the end of the 18th century viewed women in association with, and dependent on, men. Marriage was an important part of society, since it was the only accepted future for young ladies. Therefore marriage was the main focus of middle class and aristocratic women’s education and an education based on accomplishments that could, as Mary Wollstonecraft has noted, make them vain and superficial. The book studies ; Jane Austen’s Sense and Sensibility, Pride and Prejudice and Persuasion, and Elizabeth Inchbald’s Wedding Day, Everyone has his fault, Wives as They Were and Maids as They Are and Lover’s Vows, although coherent with their time, show independent female characters whose education allows them to think for themselves and not merely repeat opinions that they do not even understand; or just obey male orders and desires. That allows them to have a marriage based on equality. In Austen and Inchbald’s work marriage is based on love, being a union of equal minds that love and understand each other. This book discusses the situation of women at the end of the 18th and beginning of the 19th centuries, how the authors approch the issue of choice, female education, and marriage for love as a union of equal minds.
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Bellaviti, Sean. Música Típica. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190936464.001.0001.
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This book tells the story of a form of music that enjoys unparalleled popularity in a country that itself possesses instant name recognition but is very little known and very little studied. Panamanian música típica or cumbia, as this music is variously called, is intrinsically linked to the social and political history of a sliver of land that connects North and South America while providing passage between two great oceans. This book shows that to appreciate música típica is to appreciate the development of the isthmian crossing, the construction of the Panama Canal, and, most significantly, the lives of rural people living along this waterway and deeper in the Panamanian interior. The author draws on both ethnographic and archival research to reconstruct a twentieth-century social history of Panamanian música típica, examining the music in relation to the development of Panamanian nationalism. Notwithstanding its widespread popularity and identification with rural society, música típica has only infrequently been promoted as a form of official musical nationalism. Indeed, its links to Panamanian nationalist sentiment are often indirect and ambiguous. In focusing on musicians and their approaches to musical fusion, their varied performance practices, and links they forged with both rural and urban audiences, this book shows how, while these performers may not have self-identified as “nationalists,” their music was central to the development of a sense of nationhood even as they actively cultivated performance identities that straddled some the most pronounced ethnic and social class schisms in Panamanian society.
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Lang, Birgit. Erich Wulffen and the case of the criminal. Manchester University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9780719099434.003.0005.
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State Prosecutor and legal reformer Erich Wulffen used the case study genre for legal and largely didactic purposes. Chapter 4 illustrates the adoption of the conventions of sexological case writing by the legal fraternity in twentieth-century Central Europe, and ways in which Wulffen brought the case study genre from the hidden world of the court to the wider public. In doing this, Wulffen carved a niche for himself as an expert in legal reform and sexology in Wilhelmine and Weimar Germany. He embraced different kinds of case modalities over the course of his professional career, targeting professional, middle-class audiences and the wider reading public during his thirty years in the role of prosecutor. The changing success of Wulffen’s publications highlights the intensifying crisis of the expert case study as a modality able to ‘speak the truth’ about modern sexuality and deviance. While Wulffen’s expert case studies about con men and other criminals were highly successful during the Wilhelmine era, the same approach and model for case writing met a more critical audience after 1918. Wulffen embraced the challenge of a new democratic environment by writing implicitly didactical popular crime novels. However, eventually his criminal subjects literally ‘wrote back’ after their sensationalised trials, using case studies in an attempt to narrate their own versions of events. The accounts of these criminals-turned-writers such as convicted paedophile Edith Cadivec. Thus the popularisation of sensationalist case studies, written, for instance, by perpetrators of crime, was an important factor in the case study genre’s loss of respectability.
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Davis, Dana-Ain. Reproductive Injustice. NYU Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479812271.001.0001.
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The premature birth rate in the United States has been persistently high among Black women for many decades. While most research on the topic of premature birth involves poor and low-income women, this book focuses on the experiences of more affluent women to show that race is as much a common denominator as class in adverse birth outcomes. Using the afterlife of slavery framework, the book argues that racism shapes professional and college-educated Black women’s prenatal and birthing medical encounters, which have precedents that emanate from slavery. The book weaves in historic examples of medical racism, offering analytical context for understanding contemporary Black women’s interpretations of medical encounters of prenatal care, labor, birthing, and the admission of their premature child to the neonatal intensive care unit. Based on ethnographic observations, archival research, and nearly fifty interviews with parents, medical professionals, public health administrators, and birth workers, including midwives, doulas and reproductive justice advocates, the book is divided into two parts. Part I offers definitions of prematurity, outlines some of its causes, and describes what it is like to have a premature child. This part also explores the everyday forms of racism, such as diagnostic lapses or being dismissed by medical personnel, and links those experiences to past ideologies and practices of medical racism. Part II uses a critical racial lens to explore three strategies to address prematurity: technological intervention, public health intervention, and the preventionist approach taken up by birth workers. The conclusion gestures toward ideas to address medical racism.
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Khan, Nichola, ed. Cityscapes of Violence in Karachi. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190656546.001.0001.
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This book enlists some controversies that understanding, writing about and publishing on violence in Karachi entails. It brings into conversation some prominent academics—including anthropologists and political scientists—journalists, writers and activists. This diverse coalition provokes shifts away from recursive academic and media scripts of the city toward a different “counter-public” of cultural and political commentary, as the contributors critically unpack the constitutive relation of violence to personal experience and also seek to create new understandings that are tentatively shared. The approach to counterpublicking is organized around three overlapping schema. These are: social science and ethnography; epochal or historical transformation; and oral history and personal memoir. Drilling down into Karachi’s city neighborhoods, the chapters examine ways violence is textured locally and citywide into protest drinking, social and religious movements, class and cosmopolitanism, gang wars, the fractured lives of militants, press censorship and the effects on journalists, uncertain continuua between state political and individual madness, and ways the painful shattering of some worlds produces dreams of others. While the individual chapters each provide fresh insights, the collective ethics of rewriting, rethinking or cajoling Karachi’s landscape into other forms is more dynamic and unclear, and one being worked out in public. Chapters are by Nadeem F. Paracha, Laurent Gayer, Zia Ur Rehman, Nida Kirmani, Nichola Khan, Oskar Verkaaik, Arif Hasan, Razeshta Sethna, Asif Farrukhi, Kausar S. Khan, Farzana Shaikh, and Kamran Asdar Ali. Collectively, they comprise a singular and important contribution for all those spirited to understand what went wrong with Karachi.
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Roett, Riordan. Brazil. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wentk/9780190224523.001.0001.
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Brazil is one of the most important but puzzling countries in the world. A nation of 200 million people, it has vast natural resource reserves, rich cultural traditions, a middle class undergoing explosive growth, and social welfare policies that are models for much of the world (‘la bolsa familia,’ which provides a guaranteed income to poor families). And, after decades of authoritarian rule, it is a stable democracy. Yet it is beset by problems that no other advanced economy suffers from: staggeringly high crime rates, sky-high inequality levels, and endemic political corruption. Emblematic of these two sides of Brazil is the selection of Rio as site of both the next Summer Olympics and the next World Cup. While the choice of Rio for these events points to Brazil’s expanding presence on the world stage, so far the construction and planning for the events have been disastrous, threatening to deeply embarrass the nation. In Brazil: What Everyone Needs to Know, Riordan Roett, an eminent scholar of Brazil and Latin America, will provide a rich overview of Brazil, covering Brazilian society, politics, culture, and the economy. The book begins with a series of chapters on Brazilian history, beginning with the pre-colonial period and moving on, in succession, to the long era of Portuguese rule, the birth of independent Brazil, the emergence of modern Brazil in the 1930s, the era of the dictators, and - finally - to the democratic regime that came into being in the 1980s. Throughout the book, Roett will focus sharply on the fault lines -- racial, economic, political, and cultural - that have plagued Brazil from its beginnings to this day. As the 2016 World Cup and Summer Olympics approach, interest in Brazil is sure to rise. Roett’s synthesis will provide interested readers with an accessible, authoritative overview of this troubled yet fascinating giant.
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Beckfield, Jason, and Nancy Krieger. Political Sociology and the People's Health. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190492472.001.0001.
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Health, illness, and death are distributed unequally around the world. Babies born in Japan can expect to live to age 80 or over, while babies born in Malawi can expect to die before the age of 50. As important, birth into one race, class, and gender within one society vs. another also matters enormously for one’s health. To answer such questions about social inequalities in health, Political Sociology and the People’s Health responds to two research trends that are motivating scholarship at the leading edge of inquiry into population health. First, social epidemiology is turning toward policy and politics to explain the unequal global distribution of population health. Second, social stratification research is turning toward new conceptualizations and theorizations of how institutions—the “rules of the game” that organize power in social life—distribute social goods, including health. Political Sociology and the People’s Health advances these two turns by developing new hypotheses that integrate insights from political sociology and social epidemiology. Political sociology offers a rich array of concepts, measures, and data that help social epidemiologists develop new hypotheses about how macroscopic factors like social policy, labor markets, and the racialized and gendered state shape the distribution of population health. Social epidemiology offers innovative approaches to the conceptualization and measurement of population, etiologic period, and distribution that can advance research on the relationships between institutions and inequalities. Developing the conversation between these fields, Political Sociology and the People’s Health describes how human institutional arrangements distribute life and death.
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Gonsalves, Kavita, Jenek Waldemar, Glenda Caldwell, Marcus Foth, Greg Nijs, Thomas Laureyssens, Jorgos Coenen, and Andrew Vande Moere. DIY & More-than-Human Media Architecture, Allegories, Entanglements & Speculative Practice. Queensland University of Technology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/book.eprints.214092.
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In recent years, research in the fields of Media Architecture and urban informatics have made calls to move beyond the human-centred city and towards a “more equitable multispecies city” (Van Dooren & Rose, 2012). Working towards future more-than-human cities, the design of hybrid digital-physical urban spaces - with an ethos of inclusivity and diversity - will require methods, tools, approaches, platforms, etc. to engage different communities, environments, and all kinds of nonhuman entities and creatures. This workshop posed the following question: While considering different characteristics (such as gender, race, class, abilities, creed, digital skills, habitat, bio-systems), how can citizens engage in creating DIY and More-than-Human Media Architecture to actively shape their spaces and foster imaginaries of more-than-human urban futurity, all while being kinder towards our stressed and fragile urban ecology? As a first step, DIY Media Architecture proposes that communities of experts support non-experts to create and design Media Architecture as active instigators of change in their own right. A possible strategy may lie in mobilizing allegories, entanglements, multispecies world-making, speculative prototyping, i.e. techniques to frame and engage more-than-human urban futures. This is positioned as empowering the less heard as taking charge of their digital-physical canvases throughout urban spaces and, as a next step, staking their and all creatures’ rights to the city. The workshop was conducted online from 24th-29th June 2021. The workshop provided the platform for discussions on alternative materials, platforms, strategies and tools for enabling DIY processes of the less heard in anthropocentric engagement. The workshop, further, encouraged participants to bring prototypes, demos, videos and examples to broaden the conversation on DIY and More-than-Human Media Architecture. This was collated towards two outcomes; 1) conceptual prototypes and 2) participants were invited to co-author a publication. This is in keeping with MAB2020’s Themes & Issues of “Citizen’s Digital Rights”, “Playful and Artistic Civic Engagement” and “More-Than-Human Cities”.
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Schubert, William H., and Ming Fang He. The Oxford Encyclopedia of Curriculum Studies. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acref/9780190887988.001.0001.
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115 entries The Oxford Encyclopedia of Curriculum Studies (OECS) addresses the central question of Curriculum Studies as: What is worthwhile? The articles show how the public, personal and educational concerns about composing lives are the essence of curriculum. Writ large, Curriculum Studies pertains to what human beings should know, need, experience, do, be, become, overcome, contribute, share, wonder, imagine, invent, and improve. While the OECS treats curriculum as definitely central to schooling, it also shows how curriculum scholars also work on myriad other institutionalized and non-institutionalized dimensions of life that shape the ways humans learn to perceive, conceptualize, and act in the world. Thus, while OECS treats perennial curriculum categories (e.g., curriculum theory, history, purposes, development, design, enactment, evaluation), it does so through a critical eye that provides counter-narratives to neoliberal, colonial, and imperial forces that have too often dominated curriculum thought, policy, and practice. Thus, OECS presents contemporary perspectives on prevailing topics such as science, mathematics, social studies, literacy/reading/literature/language arts, music, art, physical education, testing, special education, liberal arts, many OECS articles also show how curriculum is embedded in ideology, human rights, mythology, museums, media, literature/film, geographical spaces, community organizing, social movements, cultures, race relations, gender, social class, immigration, activist work, popular pedagogy, revolution, diasporic events, and much more. To provide such perspectives, articles draw upon diverse scholarly traditions in addition to (though including) established qualitative and quantitative approaches (e.g., feminist, womanist, oral, critical theory, critical race theory, critical dis/ability studies, Indigenous ways of knowing, documentary, dialogue, postmodern, cooperative, posthuman, and diverse modes of expression). Moreover, such orientations (often drawn from neglected work Asia, the Global South, Aboriginal regions, and other often excluded realms) reveal positions that counter official or dominant neo-liberal impositions by emphasizing hidden, null, outside, material, embodied, lived, and transgressive curricula that foster emancipatory, ecologically interdependent, and continuously growing constructs.