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Calhoun, Karen D., Kent Key, E. Yvonne Lewis, Susan J. Woolford, E. Hill DeLoney, Jennifer Carerra, Joe Hamm, et al. "3572 The Flint Community’s Action Plan to Rebuild Trust and Encourage Resiliency During the Post Water Crisis Phase." Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 3, s1 (March 2019): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2019.219.
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OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: o To review the community’s recommendations on how to rebuild trust in the Flint community. o To review effective community engagement strategies utilized with the Flint Special Projects for project conceptualization, participant recruitment, data analysis, project oversight, and dissemination. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: The study population includes nearly two hundred residents representing seniors, youth and diverse ethnicities recruited to participate in eleven focus group meetings. The population also represents the general public who attended informational meetings in Flint, Michigan to learn about the crisis and allow residents to voice their opinions and concerns during the onset of the crisis. The project is a mixed methods community based participatory research effort that utilized community decision making in all phases of the effort such as pre-conception, implementation, dissemination and advocacy to encourage the community’s recommendations are adopted at policy and institutional responsiveness levels. It includes three community engaged research efforts: (project 1) A qualitative analysis of community sentiment provided during 17 recorded legislative, media and community events, and (projects 2-3) two mixed methods efforts utilizing purposive sampling of stakeholders whose voice may not have been heard. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: The project presents a qualitative analysis of the community’s voice during the onset of the man-made disaster when the community first became aware of the emergency manager’s plans to switch the water source. It also reflects current perspectives of community voice since the projects are scheduled to end late February 2019. Findings from a trust measure administered to nearly two hundred residents will be presented, along with a qualitative analysis of focus group findings among segments of the population (seniors, youth, and diverse ethnicities) who may have been left out of narratives on the water crisis. Finally, the project will compare empowerment and resiliency approaches being utilized in Flint, Michigan to recover from the disaster with other approaches grounded in literature and theory. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Communities of color often experience social determinants of health which negatively impact their health, well-being and human rights. Some Flint citizens are experiencing negative health consequences (i.e., rashes, brain and behavioral sequelle, fertility, etc.) as a result of the disaster, and are uncertain of health outcomes in the future. This is the first project to rigorously document and analyze levels of trust and mistrust in the city of Flint since the water disaster occurred. The qualitative research will guide future clinical research that will benefit this traumatized community experiencing high levels of mistrust (i.e., government, elected officials, etc.). The community engaged methodology involved residents and study participants in all phases of the project including project oversight, validating and analyzing data, and dissemination. This methodology will contribute to existing literature and theory on community based participatory research, community engaged research, team science and citizen science. The approaches empowered a call to action among residents, for example, seniors who attended two senior focus group sessions shared “they are hopeful and have a purpose,” resulting in the creation of a council (with officers) at their housing complex to advocate for the well-being of seniors during the recovery process. Recruitment methodologies were extremely successful due to resident level trust in community leaders and community partner organizations. Finally, the project’s examination of approaches encouraging empowerment and resiliency will provide lessons learned for other communities challenged with crisis.
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Correa, Daniel J., Churl-Su Kwon, Susan Connors, Brandy Fureman, Vicky Whittemore, Nathalie Jetté, Gary W. Mathern, and Solomon L. Moshé. "Applying participatory action research in traumatic brain injury studies to prevent post-traumatic epilepsy." Neurobiology of Disease 123 (March 2019): 137–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nbd.2018.07.007.
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True, Gala, Jessica Wyse, Laura Lorenz, Raymond Facundo, John Marmion, and Sarah Ono. "Therapeutic Effects of Participatory Action Research for Veterans and Caregivers Living With Brain Injury." Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 100, no. 10 (October 2019): e135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2019.08.411.
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Kušová, Drahomíra, and Jan Těšitel. "Action Research in Landscape Ecology (Šumava Biosphere Reserve, Czech Republic Case Study )." Ekológia (Bratislava) 36, no. 4 (December 20, 2017): 323–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eko-2017-0026.
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Abstract Current landscape ecological research applies trans-disciplinarity as a principle when considering the study of landscape as a multifunctional entity. The principle can be practically applied by use of participatory action research. The paper reports on the use of participatory action research in the process of step-by-step institutionalization of the Šumava Biosphere Reserve, as a complement to the state-conducted nature conservation, which took place in the period 1991−2016. To briefly summarize the main findings, we can suggest that the present institutional model of the Šumava Biosphere Reserve emerged primarily thanks to the ‘permanent jointly conducted experiment’ that followed the spiral scheme of action research, in which outputs of one implementation project served as a starting point to formulate, and subsequently realize the follow-up projects(s). The local community was engaged in the whole process, hence lessons learned became a part of local social and cultural capital, which since can be considered important endogenous developmental potential of the region.
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Barbaros, Claudia. "Professional development of teachers through involvement in action Research." Homo et Societas 5 (2020): 129–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/25436104hs.20.009.13242.
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Towards the end of the twentieth century in education appeared three functional concepts, which are based on the participatory approach to research: action research, participatory research, participatory-action research. It seems that these types of research would be of great use to teachers in the classroom. Several educational policy documents stipulate the idea of lifelong learning. Starting with 1996, the European Year of Lifelong Learning, the Lifelong Learning Strategy is formulated, which talks about the need to develop the professional potential of each person and the teaching / learning methods. But professional development is an ongoing process and requires a huge effort from teachers and the whole community. At the same time, teachers are always concerned with finding solutions to overcome students’ learning problems, avoid school failure, reduce functional illiteracy, etc. In this article we propose some suggestions for the development of literacy and research skills in students, which we consider more important in the instructional process. We would like to mention that there is currently an increasing emphasis on transdisciplinary or integrated training. Only through a constructive collaboration with colleagues from all school subjects will we be able to carry out valuable research and change the precarious situation in the direction of obtaining performance. In the 21st century, the teacher appears as an agent of change, which implies that he will be the basic element of educational reforms. Rozwój zawodowy nauczycieli poprzez zaangażowanie w badania naukowe Pod koniec XX wieku w edukacji pojawiły się trzy koncepcje funkcjonalne, które opierają się na partycypacyjnym podejściu do badań: badania w działaniu, badania partycypacyjne, badania w działaniu partycypacyjnym. Wydaje się, że tego typu badania byłyby bardzo przydatne w pracy nauczycieli. W artykule przedstawiono kilka sugestii dotyczących rozwoju umiejętności czytania i pisania wśród uczniów w kontekście rozwoju zawodu nauczyciela. W teksie zauważono, iż tylko dzięki konstruktywnej współpracy nauczycieli z kolegami ze szkoły jest się w stanie przeprowadzić wartościowe badania.
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Thomas, P. "Increasing Capacity for Innovation in Bureaucratic Primary Care Organizations: A Whole System Participatory Action Research Project." Annals of Family Medicine 3, no. 4 (July 1, 2005): 312–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1370/afm.309.
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Aulina, Choirun Nisak. "Penerapan Metode Whole Brain Teaching dalam Meningkatkan Motivasi Belajar Anak Usia Dini." Jurnal Obsesi : Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini 2, no. 1 (June 10, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.31004/obsesi.v2i1.1.
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The aims of this research are to improve children's learning motivation through the implementaion of Whole Brain Teaching and to describe the improvement of children's learning motivation through the implementation of Whole Brain Teaching. This research is a classroom action research, then research subjects consisted of 18 students at TK Aisyiyah 1 Tanggulangin, especially group A. The location of this research is in TK Aisyiyah 1 Tanggulangin. Data collection technique is done by observation. The results show that the implementation of Whole Brain Teaching method can improve the learning motivation of students at TK Aisyiyah 1 Tanggulangin. It can be seen from the improvement of children's learning motivation from the state of the 33% grade completeness score in the pre cycle, up to 56% in cycle I, then 83% grade mastery score in cycle II. So in accordance with the level of completeness of the action that the score of 75% -100% is in very good qualifications and the implementation of the action declared successful
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Ragan, Doug, and Clarissa Wilkinson. "Growing Up with Expectations. Better Understanding the Expectations of Community Partners in Participatory Action Research Projects." Les ateliers de l'éthique 4, no. 1 (April 11, 2018): 127–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1044589ar.
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This paper challenges the assumption that youth and youth agencies are in a condition of equality when entering a participatory action research (PAR). By asserting that it is not a state of equality that practitioners nor youth should assume nor be immediately striving for, but a consistently equitable process, this article draws from and reflects on the relationship between young people and researchers who have used a PAR methodology in action oriented projects. Using the UNESCO Growing up in Cities Canada project as a case example, this review extrapolates from and reflects on challenges faced by the project as a whole. Using semi-structured interviews to explore the roles of adults and youth, a number of strategies are highlighted as the techniques used to overcome these challenges. The discussion concludes with further reflection on the complexities of equality and equity, recommending a number of actions that have the potential to create an equitable environment in PAR projects similar to the one examined.
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Koumpouros, Y., K. Antonopoulou, A. Pappa, K. Tsekoura, N. Malliou, M. Salamaliki, E. Oikonomoula, and S. Makri. "POS0064-PARE DESIGN OF AN INNOVATIVE MHEALTH SOLUTION FOR FIGHTING STIGMA ASSOCIATED WITH CHRONIC PAIN." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 80, Suppl 1 (May 19, 2021): 238.2–239. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.2398.
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Background:Pain is associated with a plethora of diseases. The statistics reveal that chronic pain affects around 100 million people across Europe and is closely associated with high unemployment rates, depression, substance abuse & social exclusion. Stigma is a significant and persistent problem for those with chronic pain. Lack of public awareness & stigma associated with pain affect not only patients but also society.Objectives:The present research proposes a holistic solution to combat stigma using the latest technological developments. A mobile health application has been designed in order to serve the various stakeholders (patients, families, community) in the field under study. The objective of the final “StigmApp” solution is 4-fold:(i) to facilitate pain management, (ii) to aware the general public, (iii) to educate all different parties & (iv) to facilitate actions & research to combat stigma. Another innovative feature is that it delivers the required information to each party in a highly automated, personalized & digestible way making the whole experience enjoyable, while ensuring user engagement.Methods:A multidisciplinary team was formed at the beginning of the project in order to ensure the desired outcome. Two patient organizations from Cyprus & Greece, two behavioral scientists, three physicians, one psychologist, ten citizens, ten patients, two marketeers and two experts in mobile health applications participated. A participatory design methodology was followed in order to capture & address the whole user experience.Results:An iterative process was followed bringing & different end-users on board. The different parties evaluated and assessed all modules implemented providing appropriate feedback. It currently runs only on Android operating system and supports: (i) pain management (intense &points of pain, medications used, underlying diseases, life style, etc.),(ii) raise awareness & education (through information nuggets & bite-sized learning), (iii) “Share your story” option to inspire others, (iv) fund raising using crowd-funding techniques, (v) become a volunteer, (vi) organize an inspiring event, (vii) networking, (viii) automatic creation of infographics on how pain affects peoples’ lives. It has been awarded the first prize by BMP Innovation Grant.Conclusion:StigmApp has been designed to support the ecosystem around chronic pain regardless of the underlying disease. Our main concern is to raise awareness in order to fight stigma associated with pain & make life easier for patients & their families. The involvement of all different potential actors in the design guarantees a product/service that could meet their needs & can be applied in real life. In the next months the final solution will be piloted by a number of different end users in order to assess it under real life conditions.References:[1]Fayaz A, Croft P, Langford RM, Donaldson LJ, Jones GT. Prevalence of chronic pain in the UK: a systematic review & meta-analysis of population studies. BMJ Open 2016 Jun 20;6(6):e010364. DOI:10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010364. PMID:27324708; PMCID: PMC4932255.[2]Koumpouros Y, Georgoulas A. A systematic review of mhealth funded R&D activities in EU. Trends, technologies and obstacles, Informatics for Health&Social Care. 2020;45(2):168-187. DOI:10.1080/17538157.2019.1656208. Epub2019 Nov 19. PMID:31743060.[3]Lalloo C, Jibb LA, Rivera J, Agarwal A, Stinson JN. There’s a Pain App for That: review of patient-targeted smartphone applications for pain management.Clin J Pain.2015;31(6):557–63. DOI:10.1097/AJP.0000000000000171.[4]De Ruddere, Liesa, Craig, Kenneth D. Understanding stigma & chronic pain:a-state-of-the-art review,PAIN:August 2016-Volume 157-Issue 8-p1607-1610, doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000512Acknowledgements:The project is funded by the Brain, Mind, and Pain, Patient-Centred Innovation Grant.Many thanks to the two patient organizations Hellenic League Against Rheumatism & Cyprus League Against Rheumatism for their valuable contribution in the project.Disclosure of Interests:None declared.
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Higgins, A. J., M. A. Haynes, R. C. Muchow, and D. B. Prestwidge. "Developing and implementing optimised sugarcane harvest schedules through participatory research." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 55, no. 3 (2004): 297. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar03172.
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The Australian sugar industry saw opportunities for increasing productivity and hence whole- of-industry profitability through optimising the harvest date of sugarcane, accounting for geographical and crop differences in cane yield and the sugar content of cane for different harvest dates throughout the harvesting season. Research scientists engaged in participatory research with 3 case-study mill regions to construct the models needed to produce these optimised harvest schedules. Average potential gains of up to AU$119/ha at a sugar price of AU$250/t were shown and the case study regions were keen to pilot the schedules. This paper focusses on the development of a pathway to pilot implementation and evaluation through collaboration with growers, harvester contractors, and millers collectively. We developed: strategies to overcome implementation barriers; the design of the pilot scheme; software tools; and an evaluation strategy of pilot study results to provide proof-of-concept and encourage further uptake. With the development of this pathway, pilot implementation took place during the 2000 and 2001 harvest seasons for about 200 farms. Action learning methodologies were applied to improve the scheme for the 2001 season. Most growers and millers who followed the optimised schedules closely, achieved gains of up to AU$200/ha, with the Maryborough Sugar Factory estimating a gain of AU$34 000 for their crop. Although optimised harvest schedules were implemented by only a small percentage of growers in each of the case study regions, there is growing adoption throughout the sugar industry.
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Santoso, Didik. "Improving the Students’ Spiritual Intelligence in English Writing through Whole Brain Learning." English Language Teaching 9, no. 4 (March 22, 2016): 230. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/elt.v9n4p230.
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<p>The objective of this research was to improve the students’ spiritual intelligence in English writing through Whole Brain Learning strategy. Therefore, this study was conducted as a classroom action research. The research pocedure followed the cyclonic process of planning, action, observation, and reflection. This process was preceeded by pre-liminary study in order to know the students’ spiritual intelligence in English writing before being taught by the whole brain learning. The data was collected from the results of spiritual intelligence questionnaire, observation, interview, and documentation. The subjects of the research were 30 students in English Education Department, Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatra Utara. The quantitative data were analysed by using t-test in Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) and the qualitative data were analysed by using Miles and Huberman technique: data reduction, data display, and verification. As a result, there was a significant improvement in students’ spritual inteligent in English writing when they were taught through Whole Brain Learning.</p>
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Edwards, C., C. Gaden, R. Marchant, T. Coventry, P. Dutton, and J. M. Scott. "Delivering extension and adult learning outcomes from the Cicerone Project by ‘comparing, measuring, learning and adopting'." Animal Production Science 53, no. 8 (2013): 827. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an11322.
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The Cicerone Project was a partnership between livestock producers, researchers and extension specialists on the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales, Australia that investigated several complex grazing enterprise issues between 1998 and 2006. It was conducted as a Participatory Action Research project, which first surveyed livestock producers to learn of their problems and then carried out investigations according to the Project’s chosen motto of ‘compare – measure – learn – adopt’. The Project included research into footrot diagnosis and an investigation of whole-farmlet livestock and pasture management systems complemented by a multi-faceted extension and education component, which delivered findings to a wide array of stakeholders across the Northern Tablelands and adjacent regions. This paper describes the extension and education methods and outcomes and reflects on how successful the engagement of livestock producers was through a partnership, which focussed on co-learning by all participants. Several different communication approaches were used including the production of 40 newsletters and the delivery of 61 field days. Collaborators also held two symposia, which presented comprehensive overviews of the research results. In the final year of the Project, a roadshow was held to communicate results to a wider audience in neighbouring districts. The results of the two footrot trials, which were conducted as Participatory Action Research projects, led to rapid and substantial changes in the testing regime for virulent footrot, resulting in large savings for livestock producers through more accurate detection of the disease. Other valued extension and industry outcomes were the ability to compare the biophysical and economic performance of different whole farmlets, an appreciation of the value of the whole-farm system approach, the trustworthiness of the results and the stimulation of livestock producers to think more deeply about their management systems, stocking rate and risk. The Project benefited from the research efforts of four postgraduate students and was of benefit to ~300 high school and technical college students and also some 500 university undergraduate students who undertook learning projects in conjunction with Project members and collaborators. This Special Issue of 24 journal papers represents a substantial delivery of the findings from this complex agroecosystem Project, which broke new ground in terms of securing much closer working relationships between livestock producers, scientists and extension specialists. Ultimately, this volume will allow extension of the results of the Cicerone Project to reach a wider audience than has typically been achieved through other Participatory Action Research projects.
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Ridley, A. M., T. R. Paramore, C. R. Beverly, F. X. Dunin, and V. M. C. Froelich. "Developing environmental monitoring tools from sustainability indicators in the southern Riverina." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 43, no. 3 (2003): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea00171.
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This paper outlines work being undertaken with farmers in the Riverina of New South Wales to develop practical tools to help assess and monitor on-farm environmental performance. A Participatory Learning and Action Research approach was used which combined farmers' knowledge and interest in the environment with previous research undertaken on water losses in cropping systems. The hypothesis tested was 'that current water sustainability indicators developed by scientists were of limited use for on-farm application'. Using the participatory approach, 2 monitoring tools were produced and the approach was illustrated using a 'learning cycle'. The first tool assessed so-called 'perenniality' on a whole farm basis. The second tool allowed farmers to assess the 'leakiness' (losses of water below the root zone of farming systems) of a paddock in a particular year using farmers' rainfall records, assessment of soil type and assumptions about the ability of plant species grown to dry out the soil. Water related sustainability indicators developed by scientists were not particularly useful in helping farmers assess their environmental performance. Using a participatory approach was a valuable way to develop environmental monitoring tools with participants learning much in the process.
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Irsyadi, Mohamad Khafid, and Ayu Silvi Lisvian Sari. "Penerapan Metode Pembelajaran Whole Brain Teaching pada Materi Maple." Jurnal Tadris Matematika 3, no. 1 (July 3, 2020): 31–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.21274/jtm.2020.3.1.31-42.
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This research is a Classroom Action Research which aims to describe the application of Whole Brain Teaching learning method to Maple material. The steps of the learning model are as follows: (1) Yes-Class, the lecturer observes the readiness of students in starting the lecture by saying "Class" and if the students are ready to respond by answering "Yes", (2) Micro-Lecture, the lecturer delivers Maple material in Computer course I, (3) Okay-Teach, students repeat the explanations that have been delivered by the lecturer, (4) Scoreboard, the lecturer give an assessment of students responses in repeating lecturers' explanations, (5) Hand and Eyes, the lecturer condition the class when the classroom becomes noisy, and (6) Comprehension Check, lecturer gives exercise. The subjects of this study are students of the second semester, Department of Mathematics Education, Academic year 2018/2019 at STKIP PGRI Blitar. The research instrument was the final cycle test, observation sheet and questionnaire. Based on the results of the end of the cycle test, out of 5 students it was found that 5 students had completed 100% learning with very good criteria. This is in accordance with the success criteria ≥ 80%. From the overall percentage, the average observation of lecturer activities reached 87.09% with good criteria. Meanwhile the overall average percentage of completeness of observations of student activities is 83.46% with good criteria. Based on the questionnaire responses of students obtained an average percentage of 83% with a good success rate. Thus it can be concluded that the research carried out was successful.
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Chang, Shenglin Elijah, Ze-jyun Yang, Ming-yang Duo, and Ting-hsiun Hsiao. "Participatory Agricultural Humanities for the new Ruralism Tea-Community Revitalization In Taiwan." Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal 1, no. 3 (August 3, 2016): 251. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v1i3.369.
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This paper examines the most effective ways of engaging urban citizens to appreciate rural villages and agriculture traditions. Pondering on experiences of rural revitalization experiments in Asian societies, this paper proposes the concept of “participatory agricultural humanities.” Participatory agricultural humanities are tools and processes engaging citizens into eco-friendly farming and land related works or events. Based on action research and qualitative research methods, we have been working with peri-urban and rural communities in Taiwan since 2009. Only embracing agricultural humanities as our values, we could re-establish eco-friendly rural developments with biodiversity and cultural diversity as a whole.© 2016. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.Keywords: agricultural humanities, rural revitalization, participation, new ruralism
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Gauld, Susan, Sharon Smith, and Melissa Bianca Kendall. "Using participatory action research in community-based rehabilitation for people with acquired brain injury: from service provision to partnership with Aboriginal communities." Disability and Rehabilitation 33, no. 19-20 (January 2011): 1901–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/09638288.2010.550382.
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Witek, Donna, and Teresa Grettano. "Teaching metaliteracy: a new paradigm in action." Reference Services Review 42, no. 2 (June 3, 2014): 188–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rsr-07-2013-0035.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to offer a model of information literacy instruction that utilizes social media to teach metaliteracy as the foundation for information literacy today and articulate the effects of social media on students’ information-seeking behaviors and processes and complete the goals articulated in part one of this study (Witek and Grettano, 2012). Design/methodology/approach – The study was conducted in conjunction with the course rhetoric and social media, co-designed and co-taught by the authors. Data sources consisted of student work and methodologies including textual and rhetorical analysis and observation. Findings are analyzed and presented through the lens of the Association of College and Research Libraries Standards (2000) and Mackey and Jacobson’s (2011) metaliteracy framework. Findings – The study identified four effects of social media use on students’ information literacy practices and behaviors: information now comes to users; information recall and attribution are now social; evaluation is now social; and information is now open. Data illustrate metaliteracy in practice and tie examples of this to the authors’ pedagogical decisions. Research limitations/implications – Article offers a model for teaching information literacy in the context of participatory information environments which can be adapted by other practitioners. Authors concede that the small sample size, limited by course enrollment, limits the generalizability of the study findings to student populations as a whole. Originality/value – Valuable to information literacy instructors and researchers because it offers the first formal application of concepts theorized in Mackey and Jacobson’s (2011) metaliteracy framework to information literacy instruction.
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Stjernqvist, Nanna Wurr, Ane Høstgaard Bonde, Ellen Trolle, Marianne Sabinsky, and Helle Terkildsen Maindal. "Children’s agency in building social capital and collective actions." Health Education 119, no. 1 (January 7, 2019): 35–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/he-04-2018-0025.
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Purpose Whole-school approaches emphasising pupil participation are recognised as being conducive for building social capital, yet how participatory health educational processes relate to different types of social capital remains unclear. The purpose of this paper is to explore which mechanisms within a participatory health educational process influence social capital and collective actions in the school context, and to discuss children’s agency in such processes. Design/methodology/approach A multiple case study design, with the Danish “We Act – Together for Health” intervention, considered as an instrumental case regarding participatory health educational processes for children, principally since it applied the participatory Investigation–Vision–Action–Change (IVAC) methodology. The paper is based on a theory-driven, abductive research strategy. Qualitative methods, including focus group interviews with children, semi-structured interviews with teachers and school principals, and participant observation were used. Findings The study’s conceptual framework, which elucidates several mechanisms that interact with types of social capital and collective actions within the school setting, indicates that working with child participation through the IVAC methodology can influence types of social capital and collective actions. It also emphasises children’s limited agency in terms of affecting bridging and linking social capital, norms of reciprocity and collective actions without sufficient support mechanisms at the school and class levels. Originality/value The study provides a novel comprehensive conceptual framework identifying the specific mechanisms at different levels that influence social capital and collective actions.
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Lackovich-Van Gorp, Ashley. "Unearthing local forms of child protection: Positive deviance and abduction in Ethiopia." Action Research 15, no. 1 (March 2017): 39–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1476750316679240.
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This study uses Positive Deviance (PD) to understand and prevent child marriage by abduction in a community in the Southern Nations Nationalities and People’s Region of Ethiopia. Marriage by abduction entails the kidnapping of girls between the ages of 10 and 14 for forced genital circumcision, rape, and marriage. PD, as a form of participatory action research, is a problem-solving approach that mobilizes a community to uncover existing yet unrecognized solutions to solve the specific problem. In this study, the community discovered that some members practice behaviors and strategies that can prevent child marriage by abduction. The results support PD application to this specific form of child marriage as well as the practice as a whole, offering an alternative to traditional behavior change methodology for social transformation.
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Ntounis, Nikos, and Mihalis Kavaratzis. "Re-branding the High Street: the place branding process and reflections from three UK towns." Journal of Place Management and Development 10, no. 4 (October 9, 2017): 392–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpmd-12-2015-0056.
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Purpose The main aim of this paper is to develop a holistic understanding of place branding and reflect on its practical value and implications, by drawing evidence from the rebranding process of three UK towns (Alsager, Altrincham and Holmfirth) that participated in the HSUK2020 project. Design/methodology/approach A comprehensive place branding process that includes the interrelated stages of research, deliberation, consultation, action and communication is presented. The practical value of this theoretical proposition is linked to the experiences of three UK towns that participated in the HSUK2020 project. Findings The importance of research, the challenges of participation and the role of communications in place branding processes were identified as primary issues in all towns. The results of the project demonstrate the significance of the initial research stage of the place branding process and show that the process as a whole is valuable in helping places deal effectively with identity issues. Research limitations/implications Participatory place branding processes can flourish when place stakeholders are engaged in the right context and are encouraged to work together. In addition, place brands are important cues and empower stakeholders’ participation in all stages of place brand processes. Practical implications Knowledge exchange projects that have the potential to engage a plethora of place stakeholders should be considered by practitioners for future place branding strategies. Originality/value The paper offers a refreshing practical grounding on participatory place branding concepts and theories. The value of knowledge exchange strategies for examining the field of place branding is also highlighted and can become a useful research approach for future research.
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Eaton, Andrew D., A. Ka Tat Tsang, Shelley L. Craig, and Galo F. Ginocchio. "Peer researchers in post-professional healthcare: A glimpse at motivations and partial objectivity as opportunities for action researchers." Action Research 17, no. 4 (November 19, 2018): 591–609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1476750318811913.
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Peer researchers are members of a population under study who have a decision-making role or staff position on a research team. Peer researchers are increasingly required for funding proposals to succeed in Canadian HIV/AIDS research, and are strongly recommended for community-based participatory research in other fields. There is a need to better understand peer researchers’ motivations and their impact, both positive and negative, on studies they take part in. The emerging theory of post-professionalism informed a bounded system case study approach, whereby four peer researchers from an HIV, social work, and brain health study were conveniently sampled, then interviewed concerning their experiences and insider-outsider positioning. Personal interest and community leadership were key motivations behind their involvement; language barriers and managing multiple roles were key challenges. Participants identified a risk inherent in the performative interval, considering whether their contributions were a projection of self rather than a representation of participant contributions. Tension between social location and the insider positioning expected of peer researchers requires that academic researchers recognize the personal and social investments that peers make to a study. This paper presents considerations for how healthcare researchers can better engage as peers with peer researchers.
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Asmayanti, St, and Rezcy Amalia. "IMPROVING STUDENTS’ SPEAKING ABILITY BY USING WHOLE BRAIN TEACHING (WBT) METHOD AT THE FIRST YEAR STUDENTS’ OF SMP NEGERI 1 BARAKA." EXPOSURE : JURNAL PENDIDIKAN BAHASA DAN SASTRA INGGRIS 3, no. 1 (May 19, 2014): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.26618/ejpbi.v3i1.799.
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The objectives of the research were to find out the improvement of the students’ speaking accuracy and the improvement of the students’ speaking fluency through the use of Whole Brain Teaching (WBT) Method at the first year students’ of SMP Negeri 1 Baraka. This research used Classroom Action Research that consisted two cycles. The research population was the first year of SMP Negeri 1 Baraka academic year 2012. The sample of this research consisted of 30 students.The researcher obtained the data by using speaking test and observation sheet. The result of this research indicated that the improvement of the students’ speaking accuracy was 6.5 classified as good and the improvement of the students’ speaking fluency was 6.9 classified as good. It could be stated that the students’ speaking ability through the use of Whole Brain Teaching (WBT) Method at the first year students’ of SMP Negeri 1 Baraka improved to a good level after test in the second cycle.
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Eilks, Ingo. "On the transformation of research on teaching and learning about the sub-micro world in chemistry education into feasable classroom practice." Lumat: International Journal of Math, Science and Technology Education 3, no. 3 (January 8, 2017): 269–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.31129/lumat.v3i3.1029.
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Along two cases, this paper provides insights into the relationship between empirical research in chemistry education and innovations in classroom practices. The example is teaching and learning about the particulate nature of matter. The paper describes the need for innovation in chemistry classrooms justified by a study based on 28 interviews with experienced chemistry teachers. These interviews covered the teachers’ personal practices for how to deal with sub-microscopic concepts in lower secondary school chemistry education. The study revealed that the teaching approaches operated by the teachers in Germany often represent inconsistencies in both teachers’ knowledge base and PCK. This paper then contrasts the results with insights into a 15-year classroom innovation and continuous professional development project based on Participatory Action Research in which a group of teachers accompanied by university educators developed an alternative approach for dealing with sub-microscopic concepts. This approach is characterized by a coherent curricular structure for dealing with the particulate nature of matter, atomic structure and bonding theory during the whole course of lower secondary chemistry classes.
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Morris, Julia E., Geoffrey W. Lummis, Graeme Lock, Cath Ferguson, Susan Hill, and Annette Nykiel. "The role of leadership in establishing a positive staff culture in a secondary school." Educational Management Administration & Leadership 48, no. 5 (July 30, 2019): 802–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1741143219864937.
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This Australian case study explored the implementation of strategies to support the development of a positive school culture among whole school staff. A participatory action research approach was used to involve leadership staff in the development of a mixed method assessment of the school organisation. Baseline data from the School Organisational Health Questionnaire ( n = 28) and qualitative data from focus groups ( n = 15) were collected and presented to the leadership team who identified four foci for the study: appraisal and recognition, participative decision-making, professional growth and supportive leadership. After a range of interventions, findings from both post-test surveys ( n = 22) and qualitative data ( n = 30) suggested a change in leadership style was a key factor of school cultural change across all factors. The case study highlights a number of visible strategies that were employed to increase morale and improve staff wellbeing.
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Amalia, Eka Rizki. "Developing English Textbook Material for Islamic Primary Education Program:." ALSUNA: JOURNAL OF ARABIC AND ENGLISH LANGUAGE 1, no. 2 (November 25, 2018): 69–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.31538/alsuna.v1i2.82.
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English material for primary students has long been considered distinctive and specific. Unfortunately, the material given to the students is not always in accordance with their context. Consequently, the teaching and learning activity often fail to meet the targeted competence. As needs and situational analysis are already proven to be effective for composing specific learning material for particular students, they are proposed by many educational experts and practitioners to be implemented. The basic concept of needs and situational analysis which emphasize the involvement of all related participants become the reason to integrate them with Participatory Action Research (PAR) method which in fact has the same concept. This is the ground reason of this research. This research discusses the importance of combining PAR methods with needs and situational analysis and integrates it with Islamic context, as PGMI is attached with Islamic nuance. The procedures of conducting the whole process from the very beginning until the last are presented. Lastly, further researches on different field of study are also suggested.
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Stutzmann, Grace. "Seeing the Brain in Action: How Multiphoton Imaging Has Advanced Our Understanding of Neuronal Function." Microscopy and Microanalysis 14, no. 6 (November 6, 2008): 482–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s143192760808080x.
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AbstractGaining insight into how the nervous system functions is a challenge for scientists, particularly because the static morphology of the brain and the cells within tell little about how they actually work. Fixed specimens can provide critical structural information, but the jump to functional neurobiology in living cells is obviated with these preparations. In order to grasp the complexity of neuronal activity, it is necessary to observe the brain in action, from the level of subcellular signaling to the whole organism. Recent advances in nonlinear microscopy have given rise to a new era for biological research. In particular, the introduction of multiphoton excitation has drastically improved the depth and speed to which we can probe brain function. In order to better appreciate recent contributions of multiphoton microscopy to our current and future understanding of biological systems, an historical awareness of past microscopy applications is useful.
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Sano, Tomohiko, Xun Sun, Yan Feng, Shengzhi Liu, Misato Hase, Yao Fan, Rongrong Zha, et al. "Inhibition of the Growth of Breast Cancer-Associated Brain Tumors by the Osteocyte-Derived Conditioned Medium." Cancers 13, no. 5 (March 3, 2021): 1061. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13051061.
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The brain is a common site of metastasis from advanced breast cancer but few effective treatments are available. We examined a therapeutic option with a conditioned medium (CM), focusing on the role of Lrp5 and β-catenin in Wnt signaling, and IL1ra in osteocytes. Osteocytes presented the innate anti-tumor effect and the overexpression of the above genes strengthened their action. In a mouse model, the injection of their CM inhibited mammary tumors and tumor-driven osteolysis. Importantly, Lrp5- and/or IL1ra-overexpressing osteocytes or the local administration of β-catenin-overexpressing CM markedly inhibited brain tumors. In the transport analysis, tumor-suppressing factors in CM were shown to diffuse through the skull. Mechanistically, the CM with overexpression of the above genes downregulated oncogenic genes such as MMP9, Runx2, TGFβ, and Snail in breast cancer cells. Also, the CM with β-catenin overexpression downregulated CXCL1 and CXCL5 and upregulated tumor suppressors such as LIMA1, DSP, p53, and TRAIL in breast cancer cells. Notably, whole-genome proteomics revealed that histone H4 was enriched in CM and acted as an atypical tumor suppressor. Lrp5-overexpressing MSCs were also shown to act as anti-tumor agents. Collectively, this study demonstrated the therapeutic role of engineered CM in brain tumors and the tumor-suppressing action of extracellular histone H4. The result sheds light on the potential CM-based therapy for breast cancer-associated brain metastases in a minimally invasive manner.
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O'Connor, Deborah, Alison Phinney, Jim Mann, Habib Chaudhury, Kishore Seetharaman, Ania Landy, and Malcolm Paulina. "Living With Dementia: Flipping Stigma on Its Ear." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 41–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.135.
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Abstract The language of social citizenship has emerged in the academic literature as one way of shifting the discourse to counter persistent problems of stigma and social exclusion for people with dementia. What this means and how it is experienced however from the perspective of those with dementia remains unclear. As part of a larger Participatory Action Research (PAR) study, an Action group of people with dementia began meeting in June 2019. The group now consists of ten members and meets monthly. The first task of the Action group was to assist in developing a more refined and practical understanding of the construct of social citizenship. Facilitated discussions were guided by the following questions: What are experiences of social citizenship by people with dementia? What kinds of practices and relationships promote the capacity of people with dementia to experience themselves as social citizens? Emerging findings indicate that the stigma is readily identified as a dominant aspect of the experience of living with dementia which needs to be ‘flipped on its ears’. Strategies for countering stigma include recognizing how language can both facilitate and block change, acknowledging dementia as a time of both loss and significant growth, remaining visible as a whole person – equal and also different - and maintaining active participation in one’s own life. These themes tie directly to the components identified in the academic literature of citizenship. However, members of the Action group were clear that the language of social citizenship is neither empowering nor strategic.
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Enright, Eimear, and Mary O’Sullivan. "“Now, I’m Magazine Detective the Whole Time”: Listening and Responding to Young People’s Complex Experiences of Popular Physical Culture." Journal of Teaching in Physical Education 32, no. 4 (October 2013): 394–418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.32.4.394.
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Popular physical culture serves as a site, subject and medium for young people’s learning (Sandford & Rich, 2006) and impacts their relationship with physical education, physical activity and the construction of their embodied identities. This paper addresses the potential of scrapbooking as a pedagogical and methodological tool to facilitate physical education researchers and teachers to listen to, and better understand and respond to extend students’ existing knowledge of, and critical engagement with popular physical culture. The data draws from a three year Participatory Action Research project that was undertaken in an urban, secondary school and was designed to engage 41 girls (aged 15–19) in understanding, critiquing and transforming aspects of their lives that influenced their perspectives of their bodies and their physical activity and physical education engagement. In this paper the focus is on the engagement of eleven of these girls in a five week popular physical culture unit. The students’ scrapbooks, audio-recordings of classes, a guided conversation, and field notes constitute the data sources. Findings suggest scrapbooking has the potential to allow researchers access, understand and respond to students’ perspectives on popular physical culture and their lives in a way that other methods may not. Pedagogically, scrapbooking supported students in critically appraising and making meaning of “scraps” of popular physical culture.
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Tsakpounidou, Kalliopi, Ariadne Loutrari, Freideriki Tselekidou, Maria Baskini, and Hariklia Proios. "FAST 112 HEROES: A kindergarten-based educational stroke intervention for the whole family." Health Education Journal 79, no. 6 (April 3, 2020): 724–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0017896920911675.
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Background: Stroke is a worldwide leading cause of disability, and around 50 million people are affected by stroke annually. Public stroke educational and awareness programmes can make a great deal of difference. Young children are in key position to seek urgent medical care if grandparents suffer a stroke, as grandparents are often their secondary caretakers. Objective: The objective of the current study was to design an educational intervention targeting children and, in parallel, directly involve extended family members. Design: Participatory action research. Setting: School-based education stroke intervention in Thessaloniki, Northern Greece. Methods: Over the course of 5 weeks, this intervention sought to educate 66 preschool children and their families through a series of novel activities that revolved around 4 superheroes, the FAST mnemonic and a medical emergency number. One superhero and their unique superpower was introduced every week through a Powerpoint presentation, a short animation video and a wide range of in-class and take-home activities, such as ‘phantom speech’, role-playing, funny face mimicking games, and rhyming poems. Children were also encouraged to identify their own family superhero so as to transfer their learning to real life. Results: Follow-up individual and group assessment pointed to encouraging results. Results from odd-one-out-tasks revealed that children were able to recognise the stroke symptoms in question. However, they performed more poorly on more complex tasks involving recall. Conclusions: Preschool children acquired knowledge of stroke symptoms which appears more solid when recognition is assessed. Assessment tasks involving substantial recall of information do not necessarily reflect the ability to detect stroke symptoms.
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Poyo Solanas, Marta, Maarten Vaessen, and Beatrice de Gelder. "Computation-Based Feature Representation of Body Expressions in the Human Brain." Cerebral Cortex 30, no. 12 (August 7, 2020): 6376–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhaa196.
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Abstract Humans and other primate species are experts at recognizing body expressions. To understand the underlying perceptual mechanisms, we computed postural and kinematic features from affective whole-body movement videos and related them to brain processes. Using representational similarity and multivoxel pattern analyses, we showed systematic relations between computation-based body features and brain activity. Our results revealed that postural rather than kinematic features reflect the affective category of the body movements. The feature limb contraction showed a central contribution in fearful body expression perception, differentially represented in action observation, motor preparation, and affect coding regions, including the amygdala. The posterior superior temporal sulcus differentiated fearful from other affective categories using limb contraction rather than kinematics. The extrastriate body area and fusiform body area also showed greater tuning to postural features. The discovery of midlevel body feature encoding in the brain moves affective neuroscience beyond research on high-level emotion representations and provides insights in the perceptual features that possibly drive automatic emotion perception.
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Konst (e. Penttilä), Taru, and Liisa Kairisto-Mertanen. "Developing innovation pedagogy approach." On the Horizon 28, no. 1 (January 29, 2020): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/oth-08-2019-0060.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to discuss the concept of a pedagogical strategy called innovation pedagogy and examine how it has been and will be developed. The paper is an overview of the latest development of the innovation pedagogy approach. It provides a discussion of the changes in innovation pedagogy and, more generally, in higher education, including the changes in educational aims and involving a sustainable future as the priority in all education. Design/methodology/approach The research methodology is based on action research, participatory observation and on the experiences of the authors of the development process, which has taken place in one Finnish university of applied sciences during the past decade. Findings The implementation of innovation pedagogy requires time, participation of the whole educational community and management commitment. The study describes the results of the development work and states that the educational goals require consideration of values, processes and structures. Research limitations/implications Because of the case study setting and a specific cultural context, there are limitations to the generalizability of the findings. Originality/value Focusing on the development of the concept of innovation pedagogy helps to understand how education development takes place gradually and how it can simultaneously aim to respond to the demands of a sustainable future. This study extends approaches on research in education and innovation pedagogy.
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Brown, David A. "Neurons, Receptors, and Channels." Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology 60, no. 1 (January 6, 2020): 9–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010919-023755.
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Here, I recount some adventures that I and my colleagues have had over some 60 years since 1957 studying the effects of drugs and neurotransmitters on neuronal excitability and ion channel function, largely, but not exclusively, using sympathetic neurons as test objects. Studies include effects of centrally active drugs on sympathetic transmission; neuronal action and neuroglial uptake of GABA in the ganglia and brain; the action of muscarinic agonists on sympathetic neurons; the action of bradykinin on neuroblastoma-derived cells; and the identification of M-current as a target for muscarinic action, including experiments to determine its distribution, molecular composition, neurotransmitter sensitivity, and intracellular regulation by phospholipids and their hydrolysis products. Techniques used include electrophysiological recording (extracellular, intracellular microelectrode, whole-cell, and single-channel patch-clamp), autoradiography, messenger RNA and complementary DNA expression, antibody injection, antisense knockdown, and membrane-targeted lipidated peptides. I finish with some recollections about my scientific career, funding, and changes in laboratory life and pharmacology research over the past 60 years.
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Oroszi, Tamás, Marieke J. G. van Heuvelen, Csaba Nyakas, and Eddy A. van der Zee. "Vibration detection: its function and recent advances in medical applications." F1000Research 9 (June 17, 2020): 619. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.22649.1.
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Vibrations are all around us. We can detect vibrations with sensitive skin mechanoreceptors, but our conscious awareness of the presence of vibrations is often limited. Nevertheless, vibrations play a role in our everyday life. Here, we briefly describe the function of vibration detection and how it can be used for medical applications by way of whole body vibration. Strong vibrations can be harmful, but milder vibrations can be beneficial, although to what extent and how large the clinical relevance is are still controversial. Whole body vibration can be applied via a vibrating platform, used in both animal and human research. Recent findings make clear that the mode of action is twofold: next to the rather well-known exercise (muscle) component, it also has a sensory (skin) component. Notably, the sensory (skin) component stimulating the brain has potential for several purposes including improvements in brain-related disorders. Combining these two components by selecting the optimal settings in whole body vibration has clear potential for medical applications. To realize this, the field needs more standardized and personalized protocols. It should tackle what could be considered the “Big Five” variables of whole body vibration designs: vibration amplitude, vibration frequency, method of application, session duration/frequency, and total intervention duration. Unraveling the underlying mechanisms by translational research can help to determine the optimal settings. Many systematic reviews on whole body vibration end with the conclusion that the findings are promising yet inconclusive. This is mainly because of the large variation in the “Big Five” settings between studies and incomplete reporting of methodological details hindering reproducibility. We are of the opinion that when (part of) these optimal settings are being realized, a much better estimate can be given about the true potential of whole body vibration as a medical application.
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Tanrisevdi, Abdullah, Osman Nuri Ozdogan, Vedat Acar, and Sibel Kilicdere. "Destination management: Right or wrong measures." Journal of Global Business Insights 6, no. 1 (March 2021): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5038/2640-6489.6.1.1137.
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Planning studies are important for the competitiveness of destinations and their actions with the principles of sustainability. Kuşadası and Didim, which have been among the most important mass tourism destinations in Turkey since 1960, have also long experienced common problems such as lack of coordination, environmental and infrastructural problems, and a lack of an integrated destination approach. Although a series of initiatives have been attempted to solve these problems—with a series of initiatives and good intentions—these initiatives have ultimately failed to achieve their outcomes. The current study aims to present the problems faced with destination management in both destinations. Specifically, it explains the whole process of destination management, including an attempt to guide and play a mediating role for stakeholders through a participatory approach. Therefore, revealing salient problems experienced in both destinations and preparing action plans for the solution of these problems are possible. The research is based on qualitative data from key stakeholders and opinion leaders. The process of data collection took almost two years, including one kick-off meeting, four workshops, and five mini-meetings. In addition, seven in-depth interviews were carried out to follow up on the outcomes. Although common problems such as lack of cooperation, coordination, budget, qualified workforce, infrastructure, and promotion have been identified, establishing a coordination platform and preparing action plans seems to remain remote. Therefore, despite all efforts, attempts at management planning may be regarded as an example of destination management failure.
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Tjoa, Marthina, Didik Suharjito, Hariadi Kartodiharjo, and Endriatmo Soetarto. "Forest Land Tenure Rights on Indigenous Peoples in Honitetu Village West Seram District, Maluku." Jurnal Sylva Lestari 6, no. 3 (October 2, 2018): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jsl3691-102.
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Forest land tenure systems for indigenous peoples are always debated by various parties regarding the overlapping interests and rights of forest land. Objective of this study is to analyze the types of indigenous peoples' rights to strengthen forest land tenure systems in Honitetu Village, West Seram Regency. The research approach used is Participatory Action Research by building constructs of meaning between researchers and society repeatedly to obtain an understanding of the information discussed. Data were obtained through key informant interviews and focus group discussions conducted repeatedly. The analysis was carried out at each stage of the interview and discussion by making categorization of data to get an understanding of each data obtained. The results of study show that the system of forest land tenure in indigenous communities in Honite village includes control by the whole community (petuanan), control by clan groups (soa) and control by individuals (families). In these three systems, various types of rights are attached to managing and utilizing forest resources. The set of rights contained in indigenous peoples will be even stronger if it includes the linkage of longtime dimensions, the dimensions of space for the use of vertical or horizontal space, the dimensions of the subject with fixed ownership and the dimensions of the object include the results of forest land that provides full benefits.Key words: forest land tenure rights, indigenous people, forest management
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Shepherd, Elizabeth, Victoria Hoyle, and Elizabeth Lomas. "Project MIRRA: Memory - Identity - Rights in Records - Access." Comma 2020, no. 1-2 (August 1, 2021): 97–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/comma.2020.6.
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Many people who grew up in care have gaps in their childhood memories and unanswered questions about their early lives. In the absence of family photos and stories they turn to records held by the local authorities and charities that looked after them. Accessing these records is a practically and emotionally challenging process. Response times are often long and the records received are redacted because they include confidential information about “third parties’” who are often family and carers. The language and ideas contained reflect the prejudices and assumptions of previous times. Some files are extremely long and confusing, whereas others only have a few pages to cover a whole childhood. Records may have been lost or destroyed altogether. Very few services are available to support people through the experience. MIRRA: Memory-Identity-Rights in Records-Access is a participatory action research project carried out at the Department of Information Studies at University College London since 2017 that explores these issues. It considered how child social care records have been created, kept and used in public and voluntary organizations in England from 1970 to the present. The research is co-produced with care leavers in partnership with The Care Leavers’ Association and reflects on how what it is recorded about a childhood can affect the individual concerned throughout their life. This article republishes edited blog posts produced during the research project. The original blogs in full are available at https://blogs.ucl.ac.uk/mirra/.
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Addeo, R., L. Montella, R. Guarrasi, A. Dello Russo, V. Faiola, and S. Del Prete. "Temozolomide (TMZ) and radiation (XRT) for brain metastasis of solid tumors." Journal of Clinical Oncology 24, no. 18_suppl (June 20, 2006): 1543. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.1543.
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1543 Background: Whole Brain Radiotherapy (WBRT) remains the mainstay of therapy for brain metastasis of solid tumours not amenable to surgical resection. Temozolomide (TMZ) is a new orally administered imidazo-tetrazine with a mechanism of action and efficacy similar to dacarbazine (DTIC). It has been already used alone or in combination with radiotherapy in the treatment of primary brain tumours is currently used in the therapy of malignant glioblastomas also as single agent. Methods: Patients with solid cancers and recurrent or progressive brain metastases (BM) were eligible. We have treated 59 consecutive patients (32 F and 27 M, mean age: 56.2 ± 23.8 yrs; median age: 58.5 yrs) affected by brain metastases from different solid tumours (21 breast adenocarcinoma, 22 non small lung cancer, 16 other primitive cancers type) with WBRT at 3 Gy/day administered over a two-week period (on wks 1–2), total dose 30 Gy, and an induction with TMZ 75 mg/m2/day during this period, following TMZ 750mg/m2 fractionated in 5 days every 28 days, for up to 6 cycles. Pts who received at least one cycle of TMZ were assessable for response. Results: All patients were subjected to the induction therapy and 154 cycles were performed, mean cycles 3,7. Fifteen grade II and ten grade I neutropenia (CTC), 2 grade II hand and foot syndrome, seven grade I and four grade II thrombocytopenia and nine grade I alopecia were recorded. Fourteen grade I nausea and vomiting were observed, moreover, liver or renal toxicity were never recorded in our series being the schedule well tolerated in all patients. Five CR, in patients with breast cancer and NSCLC, and 21 PRs were recorded in 11 patients with breast tumours, 9 patients with NSCLC and 3 in other cancers, while a clinical benefit was achieved in other 18 patients. Seventeen still alive pts. (breast, NSCLC and colorectal cancer respectively), who achieved a PR and a SD, had an OS between 17 and 8 months, respectively. At the present, in our series, overall survival was 59% at 1 year. Patients continue to be followed to evaluate long term effects of the treatment. Conclusions: The schedule was safe and well tolerated (also in old pts.) and has suggested an encouraging activity in brain metastases from breast and lung cancer. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Hølge-Hazelton, Bibi, Thora Grothe Thomsen, Mette Kjerhol, and Elizabeth Rosted. "Implementing a vision of person-centredness across a new university hospital in Denmark." International Practice Development Journal 11, no. 1 (May 19, 2021): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.19043/ipdj.111.013.
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The experience of a collaborative process to build a research and development culture at a new university hospital underlined that the Person-centred Practice Framework (McCance and McCormack, 2017) forms a solid and valuable foundation for ongoing work. The fact that the process has involved researchers, leaders at different levels, clinical nurse specialists and other healthcare professionals makes the framework’s focus on the whole care environment especially relevant. How work towards a nursing research culture developed into a person-centred strategy In 2010, the management at our hospital in Denmark established a director of nursing research position, with a remit to create, develop and support a research culture within the nursing and allied health professions. No guidance was offered on how this should be done and as a consequence the ideas and professional profile of the person hired were highly influential (Hølge-Hazelton, 2019). Having a solid background in action research and studies of vocational and professional education, the new director launched a collaborative process to identify the desired characteristics of the research culture. Those contributing included the networks of clinical development nurses and head nurses, and the executive director of nursing. The proposed vision that emerged was: Our research culture should be constructive, creative, inclusive and visible at all levels of the hospital. This vision was discussed and agreed among all head nurses at the hospital. The idea was that the culture should be everybody’s business and include all levels of nursing, and furthermore that these levels would be interdependent and dynamic. The strategy to achieve this was defined as ‘bottom up, top down and don’t forget the middle’, to signal that research and development are closely related and that they should be participatory, based on a broad understanding of evidence (Rycroft-Malone, 2010), clinically relevant, and supported by the hospital’s leadership. Within the first years of work towards realising the vision, two more nursing researchers were hired in clinical departments at the hospital. They also had a background in personal and organisational learning processes, organisational development and action research. Their task was to support the realisation of the strategy at departmental and unit level.
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Schinke, Robert, Hope Yungblut, Amy Blodgett, Mark Eys, Duke Peltier, Stephen Ritchie, and Danielle Recollet-Saikkonen. "The Role of Families in Youth Sport Programming in a Canadian Aboriginal Reserve." Journal of Physical Activity and Health 7, no. 2 (March 2010): 156–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.7.2.156.
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Background:There has been a recent push in the sport psychology literature for sport participants to be approached based on their cultural backgrounds. However, there are few examples where a cultural approach is considered, such as a culturally reflexive version of participatory action research (PAR). In the current study, the role of family is considered in relation to the sport engagement of Canadian Aboriginal youth.Methods:Mainstream researchers teamed with coresearchers from the Wikwemikong Unceded Indian Reserve for 5 years. Community meetings and talking circles were employed as culturally sensitive data collection techniques to uncover how to encourage youth participation in Wikwemikong’s sport programs. The overarching methodology for the project is PAR.Results:Themes and subthemes were determined by community consensus with terms indigenous (ie, culturally relevant) among the local Aboriginal culture. Family was considered important for youth involvement in Aboriginal community sport programs. Parents were expected to support their children by managing schedules and priorities, providing transportation, financial support, encouragement, and being committed to the child’s activity. Aunts, uncles, cousins, siblings, grandparents, and the family as a whole were seen as sharing the responsibility to retain youth in sport through collateral support (ie, when gaps in parental support arose).Conclusions:Suggestions are proposed regarding how families in Aboriginal communities can collaborate to facilitate sport and physical activity among their youth. Further suggestions are proposed for researchers engaging in culturally reflexive research with participants and coresearchers from oppressed cultures.
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Luo, Ying, Junqing Yang, Hong Wang, Zongjie Gan, and Donzhi Ran. "Cellular Mechanism Underlying rTMS Treatment for the Neural Plasticity of Nervous System in Drosophila Brain." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 18 (September 18, 2019): 4625. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20184625.
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Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is used as a research tool and clinical treatment for the non-clinical and clinical populations, to modulate brain plasticity. In the case of neurologic and psychiatric disease, there is significant evidence to suggest that rTMS plays an important role in the functional recovery after neurological dysfunction. However, the causal role for rTMS in the recovery of nervous dysfunction remains unclear. The purpose of the present study is to detect the regulation of rTMS on the excitatory neuronal transmission and specify the mode of action of rTMS on the neural plasticity using Drosophila whole brain. Therefore, we identified the effects of rTMS on the neural plasticity of central neural system (CNS) by detecting the electrophysiology properties of projection neurons (PNs) from adult Drosophila brain after rTMS. Using patch clamp recordings, we recorded the mini excitatory postsynaptic current (mEPSC) of PNs after rTMS at varying frequencies (1 Hz and 100 Hz) and intensities (1%, 10%, 50%, and 100%). Then, the chronic electrophysiology recordings, including mEPSC, spontaneous action potential (sAP), and calcium channel currents from PNs after rTMS at low frequency (1 Hz), with low intensity (1%) were detected and the properties of the recordings were analyzed. Finally, the frequency and decay time of mEPSC, the resting potential and frequency of sAP, and the current density and rise time of calcium channel currents were significantly changed by rTMS. Our work reveals that rTMS can be used as a tool to regulate the presynaptic function of neural circuit, by modulating the calcium channel in a frequency-, intensity- and time-dependent manner.
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Krauze, Michal Tadeusz, Ronald H. Hamilton, Marjorie Romkes, Stephanie Bortoluzzi, Malgorzata Harasymczuk, Todd Reinhard, Beth Fallert Junecko, et al. "Association of high T-cell immune infiltrate and low hemorrhage in melanoma brain metastases (MBMs) with prolonged survival." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2012): 8528. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.8528.
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8528 Background: Despite the poor prognosis of patients (pts) with MBM several pts have prolonged survival. We hypothesized that the heterogeneity of BrMM is determined by differences in melanoma biology and its brain microenvironment. Methods: We identified pts who have undergone craniotomy for MBMs. Evaluation entailed complete clinical information, acquisition of archived melanoma brain metastases, histopathologic analysis of hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections (n=101), whole genome expression profiling (WGEP, Illumina DASL) in 29 archived tissues. Results were validated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) or in situ hybridization (ISH). Results: In univariate analysis (log-rank) factors significantly associated with prolonged survival were high immune infiltrate (HII) plus low hemorrhage (hazard ratio, HR, 2.71, p<0.001), present melanin (1.67, p=0.03), and recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) class 1 (0.37, p<0.0001). No association between HII and use of immunotherapy prior to craniotomy was noted. Only RPA class 1 (p=0.029) and HII plus low hemorrhage (p=0.002) remained significant in Cox proportional hazards model analysis. Gene set analysis of WGEP data confirmed that Encarta pathways related with T-cell activation and differentiation were significantly associated with prolonged survival whereas Y branching of actin filaments, presenilin action in Notch and Wnt signaling, G-protein signaling through tubby protein, lissencephaly gene in neuronal migration and development are among the gene categories associated with worse survival. IHC and ISH analysis of tumor sections for various markers (n=40) showed that high peritumoral CD3+ (3.31, p=0.009), high peritumoral CD4+ (4.41, p=0.014), and high peritumoral CD8+ (3.02, p=0.030) are associated with prolonged survival whereas neither CD14+ nor FoxP3+ infiltrate, nor high melanoma expression of antigen presentation molecules are associated with survival. Conclusions: Our study is the first to document that high peritumoral T-cell infiltrates are associated with prolonged survival. High tumor hemorrhage, an adverse prognostic sign, reflects aggressive melanoma cells that migrate and invade in the brain.
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Svärd, Proscovia. "The woes of Swedish private archival institutions." Records Management Journal 27, no. 3 (November 20, 2017): 275–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rmj-01-2016-0003.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to highlight the long-term preservation challenges that the Swedish private archives are faced with. In as much as they offer a complement to the public archives and hence offer a nuanced national narrative, they lack both financial and human resources to effectively deal with the digital information management environment. Design/methodology/approach Participatory Action Research (PAR) was used to identify the challenges of long-term preservation together with the six private archives institutions that were involved in the collaboration. The collaboration was financially facilitated by the Södertörn University. PAR is defined as a systematic investigation, with the collaboration of those affected by the issue being studied, for the purposes of education and taking action or effecting social change. What is distinctive of PAR is the active involvement of people whose lives are affected by the phenomenon under study. Findings The private archival institutions face long-term preservation challenges such as lack of a digital repository that would facilitate the capture, organization and management of digital records that are of different formats and in a dispersed environment. There are no stringent legal requirements to facilitate the creation and management of the records in a standardized way and the institutions fear that imposing such requirements might deter their clients from depositing archival materials with them. The institutions will also need to espouse the business-oriented archival descriptions where private organizations are concerned to identify relevant archival materials and to promote participatory archival descriptions that would allow the creators to tag their records with metadata. Digital information requires a proactive approach, that is, planning for the long-term preservation of the information before it is created. Private archives need to invest in education packages that will facilitate their clientele’s understanding of the challenges of digital long-term preservation. Research limitations/implications The findings cannot be generalized to all private archival institutions, as it was only six institutions that participated, but the issues discussed are relevant to most archival institutions. Practical implications A lot of research has been carried out in the area of long-term preservation, but researchers have not paid enough attention to the woes of the private archives. To sustain a nuanced national narrative, the private archives need all the support to be able to live up to their mission of preserving archives of the private sector that are not captured by the public archival institutions. This is important in a pluralistic society such as Sweden. Highlighting the challenges might enable the institutions to work towards finding common challenges. Social implications The private archives are part of Sweden’s national heritage. Their preservation matters to the society as a whole and to enhancing the voices of the underrepresented. Originality/value The literature review revealed that not much research has paid attention to the challenges being faced by the private archives. This paper, therefore, contributes to this knowledge gap.
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Ruge, Dorte, Morten Kromann Nielsen, Bent Egberg Mikkelsen, and Bjarne Bruun-Jensen. "Examining participation in relation to students’ development of health-related action competence in a school food setting." Health Education 116, no. 1 (January 4, 2016): 69–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/he-08-2014-0087.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine how students’ participation in an integrated school food program was related to the development of components of food and health-related action competence (F & HRAC). These components were understood to be the knowledge, insight, motivation, ownership and social skills that made students able to take action regarding food and health in everyday life. Design/methodology/approach – Research was undertaken as a single case study of the development of an integrated education and health program called LOMA-Local Food (LOMA) in a secondary school in Denmark. Qualitative methods were applied, including an action research component, where researcher and teachers examined how students developed action competence. The program was based on a whole school approach with the aim of improving F & HRAC. As a way to obtain this, students participated in planning, preparing, cooking and serving their own school food as integrated in curriculum. The study applied the Health Promoting Schools’ (HPS) conceptual framework and the I nvestigation, V ision, A ction and C hange (IVACE) approach. Findings – Students who participated in LOMA educational activities became motivated for developing a food F & HRAC, which included components such as knowledge, insight, motivation, ownership, action experience, commitment, cooperation and critical thinking. Students developed practical skills related to food and health, when they were cooking healthy school food together with professionals and peers. The study also points to the importance of capacity building among teachers. The IVACE matrix is suggested as a relevant tool for monitoring forms of participation that contributes to students’ development of F & HRAC. Practical implications – There were indications of how participation in LOMA contributed to students’ development of F & HRAC. The practical implication of this is that “setting” is very important for the success of food and health education initiatives. In this integrated approach the production kitchen and the dining hall are indispensable. Also the new organization of the school day and the introduction of a shared daily meal are important practical components for the improvement of the learning environment. The possibility of combining theory and practice seem conducive for students’ achievement of action competence. Social implications – The current study is an example of how the IVACE matrix can be applied in order to plan, conduct and evaluate LOMA educational activities, which could be considered as a contribution to the HPS scientific community. It would be useful for other schools that intend to apply the LOMA approach. However, more research is needed, where teachers, students, staff and other stakeholders collaborate in an action research process. This could promote students’ health and support other initiatives regarding public health, sustainable development and democracy. Originality/value – This research may have implications for the way that school food programs are developed and implemented if they are to make a contribution to students’ development of F & HRAC. Taking the political interest for research-based interventions into account, it is important that future strategies include teachers’ capacity building. Research is also needed regarding further development and test of the IVACE matrix as a method in participatory, health education approaches. This should be seen in combination with a renewed focus on integrated curricula models related to the on-going discussion on redesign of western school curricula.
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Algurén, Beatrix. "How to Bring About Change – A Literature Review About Education and Learning Activities for Sustainable Development." Discourse and Communication for Sustainable Education 12, no. 1 (May 29, 2021): 5–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/dcse-2021-0002.
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Abstract Sustainable development and transformational change have become more critical than ever in the era of climate change. The aim of this literature review was to increase knowledge on education and learning activities (ELAs), along with the learning outcomes they address, in the context of higher education for sustainable development (SD) with UNESCO’s eight core competencies for SD as a starting point. The search was conducted in two educational databases, Education Research Complete and the Education Resource Information Center. 153 articles were identified, of which 16 remained after reviewing for inclusion and exclusion criteria. Education and learning activities in ESD were grounded in discussions, reflections and interdisciplinarity by using participatory teaching methods, such as problem-based or experiential learning. Commonly enhanced learning outcomes were knowledge, attitude and collaboration competencies, as well as critical and system thinking. Self-awareness and behavior change, however, were less frequently achieved and the studies addressing behavior frequently recognized inertia to behavior change, despite transferred attitudes and increased knowledge. Although UNESCO outlined behavioral learning objectives as particularly important for ESD, the present review revealed that these had hardly been reached by the used ELA. The paper discusses the complexity of behavior change and proposes an ethics-led and whole-institution approach to tackle some challenges for behavioral action and social activity. There is a need for new educational and learning activities, which have greater transformational potential, by acknowledging the complexity of behavior change.
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Burrough, Melanie, Clare Beanlands, and Paul Sugarhood. "Experiences of Using Pathways and Resources for Engagement and Participation (PREP) Intervention for Children with Acquired Brain Injury: A Knowledge Translation Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 23 (November 24, 2020): 8736. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17238736.
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Background: Children with acquired brain injury experience participation restrictions. Pathways and Resources for Engagement and Participation (PREP) is an innovative, participation focused intervention. Studies have examined PREP in Canadian research contexts, however little is known about implementation in real-life clinical settings. This study aimed to understand experiences of clinicians implementing PREP in a UK clinical context, with a focus on implementation processes and key factors for successful implementation. Methods: A qualitative single-site 8-week knowledge translation intervention study, guided by an action research framework, explored clinicians’ experiences of implementation. Six occupational therapists (OTs) working in a neurorehabilitation setting participated. The therapists provided two intervention sessions per week, over four weeks for one child on their caseload. Planning, implementation and evaluation were explored through two focus groups. Thematic analysis was used to analyse data. Results: Two themes, “key ingredients before you start” and “PREP guides the journey”, were identified before introducing PREP to practice. Four additional themes were related to PREP implementation: “shifting to a participation perspective”, “participation moves beyond the OT”, “environmental challengers and remedies” and “whole family readiness”. A participation ripple effect was observed by building capacity across the multi-disciplinary team and families. The involvement of peers, social opportunities and acknowledging family readiness were key factors for successful implementation. Conclusions: The findings illustrate practical guidance to facilitate the uptake of participation-based evidence in clinical practice. Further research is required to understand aspects of knowledge translation when implementing participation interventions in other UK clinical settings.
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Clayton, David F., Ina Anreiter, Maria Aristizabal, Paul W. Frankland, Elisabeth B. Binder, and Ami Citri. "The role of the genome in experience-dependent plasticity: Extending the analogy of the genomic action potential." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 38 (May 24, 2019): 23252–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1820837116.
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Our past experiences shape our current and future behavior. These experiences must leave some enduring imprint on our brains, altering neural circuits that mediate behavior and contributing to our individual differences. As a framework for understanding how experiences might produce lasting changes in neural circuits, Clayton [D. F. Clayton,Neurobiol. Learn. Mem.74, 185–216 (2000)] introduced the concept of the genomic action potential (gAP)—a structured genomic response in the brain to acute experience. Similar to the familiar electrophysiological action potential (eAP), the gAP also provides a means for integrating afferent patterns of activity but on a slower timescale and with longer-lasting effects. We revisit this concept in light of contemporary work on experience-dependent modification of neural circuits. We review the “Immediate Early Gene” (IEG) response, the starting point for understanding the gAP. We discuss evidence for its involvement in the encoding of experience to long-term memory across time and biological levels of organization ranging from individual cells to cell ensembles and whole organisms. We explore distinctions between memory encoding and homeostatic functions and consider the potential for perpetuation of the imprint of experience through epigenetic mechanisms. We describe a specific example of a gAP in humans linked to individual differences in the response to stress. Finally, we identify key objectives and new tools for continuing research in this area.
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Sales Ten, Ana, and Joaquín Martin Cubas. "El desarrollo de Aras de los Olmos: un análisis de caso en el marco de la economía del conocimiento y la innovación social / / / \ \ \ The development of Aras de los Olmos: a case analysis in the framework of the knowledge economy and social innovation." TERRA: Revista de Desarrollo Local, no. 8 (July 27, 2021): 506. http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/terra.8.20837.
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Resumen: En este artículo realizamos un análisis del Proyecto Big History, una acción enfocada al desarrollo sostenible e impulsado desde la localidad de Aras de los Olmos, València (España), a partir de una perspectiva teórica basada en la economía del conocimiento y la innovación social. La evaluación sintética de los logros y del rendimiento alcanzado por la implementación del proyecto nos permite conocer y poner en valor los elementos claves que han favorecido el crecimiento y desarrollo del territorio. La metodología aplicada en la presente investigación es un Análisis de Políticas Públicas resultado de la implementación de la Investigación Acción Participada y la Ecología de Saberes en el marco teórico del neoinstitucionalismo de la gobernanza democrática. Los principales resultados nos permiten constatar que la creatividad, la co-creación de conocimiento, la participación y el pacto de gobierno han sido elementos clave para el éxito del mismo y su repercusión en el desarrollo de toda la Comarca de la Serranía en la Comunitat Valenciana y sus comarcas limítrofes.
Palabras clave: Innovación social, desarrollo rural comunitario, gobernanza, co-creación, economía del conocimiento.
Abstract: This article contains an analysis of the Big History Project, an action focused on sustainable development and promoted from the village of Aras de los Olmos, Valencia (Spain), from a theoretical perspective based on the knowledge economy and social innovation. The synthetic evaluation of the results and performance achieved by the implementation of the project allows us to know and value the key elements that have favored the growth and development of the territory. The methodology applied in this research is a Public Policy Analysis resulting from the implementation of the Participatory Action Research and the Ecology of Knowledge in the theoretical framework of the neoinstitutionalism of democratic governance. The main results allow us to confirm that creativity, co-creation of knowledge, participation and the governance pact have been key elements for the success of the project and its impact on the development of the whole Serranía region in the Valencian Community and its neighboring regions.
Key words: social innovation, rural community development, governance, co-creation, knowledge economy.
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Cao, Jinyan, David M. Dorris, and John Meitzen. "Electrophysiological properties of medium spiny neurons in the nucleus accumbens core of prepubertal male and female Drd1a-tdTomato line 6 BAC transgenic mice." Journal of Neurophysiology 120, no. 4 (October 1, 2018): 1712–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00257.2018.
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The nucleus accumbens core (AcbC) is a striatal brain region essential for integrating motivated behavior and reward processing with premotor function. In humans and rodents, research has identified sex differences and sex steroid hormone sensitivity in AcbC-mediated behaviors, in disorders, and in rats in the electrophysiological properties of the AcbC output neuron type, the medium spiny neuron (MSN). It is unknown whether the sex differences detected in MSN electrophysiological properties extend to mice. Furthermore, MSNs come in distinct subtypes with subtle differences in electrophysiological properties, and it is unknown whether MSN subtype-specific electrophysiology varies by sex. To address these questions, we used male and female Drd1a-tdTomato line 6 bacterial artificial chromosome transgenic mice. We made acute brain slices of the AcbC, and performed whole cell patch-clamp recordings across MSN subtypes to comprehensively assess AcbC MSN subtype electrophysiological properties. We found that ( 1 mice MSNs did not exhibit the sex differences detected in rat MSNs, and 2) electrophysiological properties differed between MSN subtypes in both sexes, including rheobase, resting membrane potential, action potential properties, intrinsic excitability, input resistance in both the linear and rectified ranges, and miniature excitatory postsynaptic current properties. These findings significantly extend previous studies of MSN subtypes performed in males or animals of undetermined sex and indicate that the influence of sex upon AcbC MSN properties varies between rodent species. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This research provides the most comprehensive assessment of medium spiny neuron subtype electrophysiological properties to date in a critical brain region, the nucleus accumbens core. It additionally represents the first evaluation of whether mouse medium spiny neuron subtype electrophysiological properties differ by sex.
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Satish Kumar Sharma and Suruchi Singh. "A Review on conceptual framework of Drug Side Effects and Pharmacoresistance in Epilepsy." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 12, no. 1 (January 6, 2021): 378–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v12i1.4030.
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Epileptic seizures in the form of involuntary body movements have made patients’ lives extremely difficult. There are mainly two types of seizures partial or focal seizure affect just one side of the brain and generalised seizures affect the whole brain of a person. The person suffers from neuro-sensory deregulation and consciousness loss, coupled with episodes of seizures. Different drug therapies have been used for epilepsy patients targeting neurotransmitters regulation mechanisms. The drug targets and mechanism of action in polytherapy remain ambiguous. However, 6 out of 10 patients quit antiepileptic drug (AED) therapy due to side effects like depression, aggression and psychosis. Several behavioral side effects make them socially awkward, due to which patients cease to continue drug therapies. The combined effect of AED side effects and resorting therapies lead to recurrent seizures which further disturb the neurotransmission on account of every seizure episode. The present review describes epilepsy in terms of clinical treatments and associated side effects. The study provides a novel conceptual loop of correlation between AED polytherapy, side effects and Pharmacoresistance. This review creates caution for clinicians to think intricately before prescribing drugs for epilepsy and ensure communication of side effects. The review opens research prospectives for drug targets to break the conceptual loop for the Pharmacoresistance. Further, this paper enhances the understanding of epilepsy and improves diseases condition.