Academic literature on the topic 'WHO QOL'
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Journal articles on the topic "WHO QOL"
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&NA;. "WHO looks into QOL." Inpharma Weekly &NA;, no. 896 (July 1993): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128413-199308960-00017.
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Nwenyi, Emmanuel, Joan Leafman, Kathleen Mathieson, and Nkonye Ezeobah. "Differences in quality of life between pediatric sickle cell patients who used hydroxyurea and those who did not." International Journal of Health Care Quality Assurance 27, no. 6 (July 8, 2014): 468–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijhcqa-01-2013-0008.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the differences in quality of life (QoL) between two groups of pediatric sickle cell patients: those who used hydroxyurea and those who chose not to use the medication to treat sickle cell disease. Design/methodology/approach – The study was a quantitative, non-randomized, cross-sectional, comparative study. In total, 100 children ages seven to 17 participated in the study. Parents of the patients completed a demographic questionnaire while the participants completed the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (Peds QoL) and Sickle Cell Disease Quality of Life Inventory (SCD QoL). Findings – The Ped QoL regression analysis revealed that hydroxyurea use and parental marital status accounted for a significant proportion of the variance in Ped QoL. The SCD QoL regression analysis also revealed that hydroxyurea and age accounted for a significant proportion of the variance in SCD QoL. Finally, the regression analysis revealed that SCD, parental marital status, parental income, sex, age, race and number of siblings did not account for a significant proportion of the variance in SCD crises per year. Originality/value – This paper proved a need to study the differences in QoL between those pediatric patients who used hydroxyurea and those who did not use the medication.
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Araújo, Hirla Vanessa Soares de, Thaisa Remigio Figueirêdo, Christefany Régia Braz Costa, Maria Mariana Barros Melo da Silveira, Rebeka Maria de Oliveira Belo, and Simone Maria Muniz da Silva Bezerra. "Quality of life of patients who undergone myocardial revascularization surgery." Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem 70, no. 2 (April 2017): 257–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2016-0201.
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ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate the quality of life of patients who underwent revascularization surgery. Method: a descriptive, cross sectional study, with quantitative approach carried out with 75 patients. The questionnaire WHOQOL-Bref was used to evaluate the quality of life (QOL). Results: patients' QOL evaluation presented a moderate result, with need of improvement of all domains. Low income patients had the worst evaluation of QOL in the domain environment (p=0,021), and the ones from Recife/metropolitan area, in the domain social relationship (p=0,021). Smoker (p=0,047), diabetic (p=0,002) and alcohol consumption (p=0,035) patients presented the worst evaluation of the physical domain. Renal patients presented the worst evaluation of QOL in the physical (P=0,037), psychological (p=0,008), social relationship (p=0,006) domains and total score (p=0,009). Conclusion: the improvement of QOL depends on the individual's process of behavioral change and the participation of health professionals is essential to formulate strategies to approach these patients, especially concerning health education.
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Santos-García, D., T. de Deus Fonticoba, E. Suárez Castro, A. Aneiros Díaz, and D. McAfee. "5-2-1 Criteria: A Simple Screening Tool for Identifying Advanced PD Patients Who Need an Optimization of Parkinson’s Treatment." Parkinson's Disease 2020 (March 24, 2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7537924.
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Objective. 5- (5 times oral levodopa tablet taken/day) 2- (2 hours of OFF time/day) 1- (1 hour/day of troublesome dyskinesia) criteria have been proposed by a Delphi expert consensus panel for diagnosing advanced Parkinson’s disease (PD). The aim of the present study is to compare quality of life (QoL) in PD patients with “5-2-1 positive criteria” vs QoL in PD patients without “5-2-1 positive criteria” (defined as meeting ≥1 of the criteria). Methods. This is a cross-sectional, observational, monocenter study. Three different instruments were used to assess QoL: the 39-Item Parkinson’s Disease Quality of Life Questionnaire Summary Index Score (PDQ-39SI); a subjective rating of perceived QoL (PQ-10); and the EUROHIS-QOL 8-Item Index (EUROHIS-QOL8). Results. From a cohort of 102 PD patients (65.4 ± 8.2 years old, 53.9% males; disease duration 4.7 ± 4.5 years), 20 (19.6%) presented positive 5-2-1 criteria: 6.9% for 5, 17.6% for 2, and 4.9% for 1. 37.5% (12/32) and 25% (5/20) of patients with motor complications and dyskinesia, respectively, presented 5-2-1 negative criteria. Both health-related (PDQ-39SI, 25.6 ± 14 vs 12.1 ± 9.2; p<0.0001) and global QoL (PQ-10, 6.1 ± 2 vs 7.1 ± 1.3; p=0.007; EUROHIS-QOL8, 3.5 ± 0.5 vs 3.7 ± 0.4; p=0.034) were worse in patients with 5-2-1 positive criteria. Moreover, nonmotor symptoms burden (Non-Motor Symptoms Scale total score, 64.8 ± 44.8 vs 39.4 ± 35.1; p<0.0001) and autonomy for activities of daily living (ADLS scale, 73.5 ± 13.1 vs 89.2 ± 9.3; p<0.0001) were worse in patients with 5-2-1 positive criteria. Patient’s principal caregiver’s strain (Caregiver Stain Index, 4.3 ± 3 vs 1.5 ± 1.6; p<0.0001), burden (Zarit Caregiver Burden Inventory, 28.4 ± 12.5 vs 10.9 ± 9.8; p<0.0001), and mood (Beck Depression Inventory II, 12.2 ± 7.2 vs 6.2 ± 6.1; p<0.0001) were worse in patients with 5-2-1 positive criteria as well. Conclusions. QoL is worse in patients meeting ≥1 of the 5-2-1 criteria. This group of patients and their caregivers are more affected as a whole. These criteria could be useful for identifying patients in which it is necessary to optimize Parkinson’s treatment.
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Yuko Akagawa, Sachiko Makabe, Tomoko Ito, Yutaka Kimura, and Hideaki Andoh. "Challenge and hope for parents who have cancer." International Journal of Science and Research Archive 3, no. 1 (August 30, 2021): 136–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/ijsra.2021.3.1.0125.
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Parents who have cancer face particular problems in their relationships with children. This study aims to clarify 1) the current status of challenge/hope in parental cancer, 2) the factors related to challenge/hope, and 3) the relationship between challenge/hope and QOL/stress-coping ability. Cross-sectional national survey was conducted at designated cancer hospitals in Japan. Participants were undergoing cancer treatment and have children under 18 years old. The questionnaire included demographic data, QOL, ability to cope with stress, and challenge/hope. From 11 hospitals, 54 patients (response rate: 79.4%) participated. Majority of participants were female (72.2%) with the mean age of 39.3 ± 5.3 (SD). The total score was QOL (FACT-G: 50.4 ± 16.2), stress-coping ability (SOC: 46.7 ± 10.4). The main challenges were an inability to fulfill the parental role and children’s mental suffering due to loneliness. The main aspects of hope were the value of the children’s present self, being a parent, and strengthening family bonds. Gender and disease duration were significantly related with challenge/hope. Challenge was significantly related with QOL/stress-coping ability. Parents who have cancer derive hope from their relationship with their children, although they feel a gap between their ideal role/value as a parent and their current status.
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Eapen, Valsamma, Rudi Črnčec, Amelia Walter, and Kwok Ping Tay. "Conceptualisation and Development of a Quality of Life Measure for Parents of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder." Autism Research and Treatment 2014 (2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/160783.
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Parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) tend to experience greater psychological distress than parents of typically developing children or children with other disabilities. Quality of Life (QoL) is increasingly recognised as a critical outcome measure for planning and treatment purposes in ASD. There is a need for ASD-specific QoL measures as generic measures may not capture all relevant aspects of living with ASD. This paper describes the conceptualisation and development of an autism-specific measure of QoL, the Quality of Life in Autism Questionnaire (QoLA) for parents and caregivers of children with ASD, that is suitable to clinical and research settings. Preliminary psychometric properties (reliability and validity) of the measure are also presented. The QoLA has 48 items in two subscales: one comprising QoL items and the second a parent report of how problematic their child’s ASD symptoms are. A study involving 39 families suggested the QoLA has excellent internal consistency as well as good known-groups validity between parents of children with ASD and those who were typically developing. The QoLA also showed good convergent validity with other measures of QoL and ASD symptom severity, respectively. The QoLA may be a valuable assessment tool and merits further psychometric evaluation.
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Agnihotri, Kasturi, Shally Awasthi, Hem Chandra, Uttam Singh, and Savitri Thakur. "Validation of WHO QOL-BREF instrument in Indian adolescents." Indian Journal of Pediatrics 77, no. 4 (March 19, 2010): 381–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12098-010-0041-1.
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Alonazi, Wadi B., and Shane A. Thomas. "Quality of Care and Quality of Life: Convergence or Divergence?" Health Services Insights 7 (January 2014): HSI.S13283. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/hsi.s13283.
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The aim of this study was to explore the impact of quality of care (QoC) on patients’ quality of life (QoL). In a cross-sectional study, two domains of QoC and the World Health Organization Quality of Life-Bref questionnaire were combined to collect data from 1,059 pre-discharge patients in four accredited hospitals (ACCHs) and four non-accredited hospitals (NACCHs) in Saudi Arabia. Health and well-being are often restricted to the characterization of sensory qualities in certain settings such as unrestricted access to healthcare, effective treatment, and social welfare. The patients admitted to tertiary health care facilities are generally able to present themselves with a holistic approach as to how they experience the impact of health policy. The statistical results indicated that patients reported a very limited correlation between QoC and QoL in both settings. The model established a positive, but ultimately weak and insignificant, association between QoC (access and effective treatment) and QoL ( r = 0.349, P = 0.000; r = 0.161, P = 0.000, respectively). Even though the two settings are theoretically different in terms of being able to conceptualize, adopt, and implement QoC, the outcomes from both settings demonstrated insignificant relationships with QoL as the results were quite similar. Though modern medicine has substantially improved QoL around the world, this paper proposes that health accreditation has a very limited impact on improving QoL. This paper raises awareness of this topic with multiple healthcare professionals who are interested in correlating QoC and QoL. Hopefully, it will stimulate further research from other professional groups that have new and different perspectives. Addressing a transitional health care system that is in the process of endorsing accreditation, investigating the experience of tertiary cases, and analyzing deviated data may limit the generalization of this study. Global interest in applying public health policy underlines the impact of such process on patients’ outcomes. As QoC accreditation does not automatically produce improved QoL outcomes, the proposed study encourages further investigation of the value of health accreditation on personal and social well-being.
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Asano, Miho, Paula Rushton, William C. Miller, and Barry A. Deathe. "Predictors of quality of life among individuals who have a lower limb amputation." Prosthetics and Orthotics International 32, no. 2 (January 2008): 231–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03093640802024955.
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Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify factors that predict an individual's subjective quality of life (QoL) after having a lower limb amputation.Design: Cross-sectional descriptive study design.Subjects: A total of 415 unilateral, above knee (27.0%) and below knee (73.0%) amputees with an average age of 61.9 years (SD = 15.7) who had lost their limb related to vascular (53.0%) or non-vascular (47.0%) etiology.Methods: Medical chart review, questionnaires (Frenchay Activities Index, Interpersonal Support Evaluation List, the Center for Epidemiology Studies – Depression scale, Prosthetic Evaluation Questionnaire mobility subscale, and the Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale) and a QoL Visual Analogue Scale were assessed using multiple linear regression analysis.Results: The analysis revealed seven significant factors (depression, perceived prosthetic mobility, social support, comorbidity, prosthesis problems, age and social activity participation) as predictors of subjects' perceived QoL. Depression explained 30% of the variation, while the full model explained 42% of the variation.Conclusion: Several modifiable characteristics influence QoL after lower limb amputation including depression and participation in daily living. This finding suggests the importance of addressing individuals' affective status to regain or maintain QoL.
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Trompenaars, Fons J., Erik D. Masthoff, Guus L. Van Heck, Paul P. Hodiamont, and Jolanda De Vries. "The WHO Quality of Life Assessment Instrument (WHOQOL-100)." European Journal of Psychological Assessment 22, no. 3 (January 2006): 207–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759.22.3.207.
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This study scrutinizes the ability of the WHO quality of life assessment instrument (WHOQOL-100) to discriminate (1) between psychiatric outpatients and the general population, and (2) between subgroups of psychiatric outpatients. A sample of Dutch adult psychiatric outpatients (N = 410) completed the WHOQOL-100. In addition, DSM-IV Axis-I and Axis-II diagnoses were obtained. Compared with the general population, psychiatric outpatients scored significantly lower on all aspects of self-reported quality of life (QOL). Within the group of outpatients, participants with DSM-IV diagnoses had lower scores than those without. Participants with diagnoses on both Axis-I and Axis-II of DSM-IV (comorbidity) had the lowest self-reported QOL. It is concluded that in psychiatric outpatients, outcome scores of self-reported QOL were negatively related to presence and degree of psychopathology. The WHOQOL-100 has good discriminant ability for psychiatric outpatients.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "WHO QOL"
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Beer, Sebastian, and Matthias Kasper. "Who benefits from Zero-Ratings? A Brief Note on the South African VAT System." WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, Universität Wien, 2014. http://epub.wu.ac.at/4308/1/SSRN%2Did2500829.pdf.
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Twenty years after overcoming Apartheid, South Africa still suffers from poverty and inequality. Recent data (Income and Expenditure Survey 2011) indicates that one third of the population lives on less than USD 0.70 per day while the upper tercile has USD 28 available. The country also faces other complex challenges, including high levels of unemployment, a resource-biased economy and low levels of education, and structural reforms are much needed to put the economy on a path of sustained growth. However, structural reforms require a broad consent within society, and inequality, clearly, is a major hindrance to this.
By choosing how to collect revenue and how to spend it, South Africa's government has two instruments at their disposal in order to alleviate inequality and facilitate reform. Like most modern economies, South Africa is increasingly relying on indirect taxation. The combined revenue generated by VAT, excise taxes, and the fuel and gas levy, make up 35% of total revenue. In the light of growing income inequality, this development is remarkable as wealthy individuals tend to spend a smaller proportion of their income on consumption. Indirect taxation thus potentially places a relatively higher burden on the poor.
To counteract an aggravation of income inequality, a range of commodities, held to be important for the poor, are currently zero-rated under South Africa's VAT system. And some studies find that this policy measure is partly effective in reducing the regressive effect (Fourie and Owen, 1993; Jansen et al., 2012). However, while studies on the regressive effect of VAT are potentially valuable, they are certainly non-conclusive in appraising the welfare consequences of zero-ratings. Increasing the rates on such commodities would not only entail an increased burden on the poor, but also an increase in governmental revenues. Depending on the redistribution of such additional revenues, the poor could either benefit or not from this reform and the conclusion would be fairly independent from the overall regressiveness of the system.
In this paper, we re-evaluate the effectiveness of zero-rating as a measure to alleviate poverty in South Africa and extend earlier work by incorporating both sides of fiscal action in our analysis. We clarify the interlink between welfare effects and consumption taxation by retracing a simple model developed by Keen (2013), in Section 2, which we then apply to the South African case. In doing so, we employ data from the most recent Income and Expenditure survey to derive distributions of household spending and governmental spending in Section 3. We conclude in Section 4. (authors' abstract)Series: WU International Taxation Research Paper Series
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Brulez, Kaat. "Why are passerine eggshells spotted? : using calcium supplementation as a tool to explore eggshell pigmentation." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2013. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/4619/.
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The eggshells of many avian species are spotted in appearance but the functional significance of such maculation is poorly understood. Protoporphyrin, responsible for brownish-red colouring on eggshells, is postulated to reinforce the structural integrity of eggshells under conditions when dietary calcium (Ca) is scarce. Within the context of this hypothesis, this thesis documents the use of Ca supplementation of two common British passerine species, blue (Cyanistes caeruleus) and great tits (Parus major), to explore the relationships between eggshell Ca and protoporphyrin content and visible pigment spotting. It further assesses the diversity of avian eggshell coloration using museum eggshells of 73 British passerine species. Despite low soil Ca availability, females were not necessarily Ca-limited but Ca-supplements may still influence eggshell traits and breeding behaviour, possibly by providing females with more time to invest in other activities. The importance of quantifying eggshell pigment concentrations directly, rather than using a proxy, is highlighted. Finally, this thesis shows that passerine eggshell pigment concentrations are highly phylogenetically conserved, thereby encouraging future studies testing key hypotheses to compare eggshell pigmentation of closely related species. This phylogenetic association may be essential to explain the functional significance of eggshell coloration of avian species.
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De, Jonge Louise. "Quality of life measured 12 months postoperatively in subjects who had an anterior neck fusion." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/8226.
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MSc Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 2009The cervical spine is subjected to wear and tear as well as trauma. This increases the occurrence of degeneration of intervertebral discs and facet joints. Degeneration will result in loss of disc height and the formation of osteophytes on adjacent vertebrae. Nerve roots can be irritated or compressed by this pathology and patients can possibly develop neurological signs and symptoms as well as pain. An anterior neck fusion is a surgical procedure that is frequently used to manage cervical pathologies such as degeneration, spinal stenosis, disc herniation, or trauma. Cervical pathologies can become severe and neural compression may develop. Compression of neural components can present with symptoms such as muscle weakness, numbness, tingling or radicular pain. The main aim of the surgery is to decompress the neural structures, permanently stabilize the vertebrae, to maintain a cervical lordosis and to hold an anatomical disc space. Chronic spinal disorders, including cervical and lumbar conditions, are considered the most expensive benign condition to manage. Previous research demonstrated poor functional outcomes especially in the lumbar area. Little evidence is available regarding the functional outcomes of patients after anterior neck fusion surgery. The aim of this study was to investigate the levels of pain and the quality of life experienced by patients who had an anterior neck fusion one year ago. Methods A cross – sectional survey was conducted. Neurosurgeons in the Johannesburg region were contacted telephonically to establish whether they performed anterior neck fusion surgery. Potential subjects were then identified and contacted to establish whether they suited the inclusion criteria for the study. Pain was assessed using the Visual Analogue Scale. The Neck Disability Index, Fear Avoidance Beliefs and Short Form-36 questionnaires were completed to determine the levels of dysfunction, anxiety and depression as well as health related quality of life in subjects who had an anterior neck fusion one year ago. The quality of life of these subjects was then compared to that of a healthy baseline group. Results and Discussion Forty-two (n = 42) subjects were telephonically identified from the neurosurgeons’ records. Thirty-five (n = 35) subjects met the inclusion criteria and participated in the study. Twenty-six subjects were female (n = 26) with an average age of 54 years and nine (n = 9) were male with an average age of 53 years. The demographic questionnaire demonstrated a high prevalence v for the use of pain- and anti-inflammatory medication (81.3%). According to the demographic questionnaire, the subjects received on average six physiotherapy treatments postoperatively. Most of the subjects (n = 22) demonstrated pain over the upper shoulder area as well as posterior regions of the neck on the body chart. At the time of assessment, the subjects indicated their level of pain using a VAS scale and had an average score of 35.48mm (SD ± 24.11) which indicated a low level of pain. Results obtained from the NDI questionnaire indicated that the subjects had moderate disability one year postoperatively. The mean score on the NDI for subjects was 31.10 (SD ± 11.96). Subjects did not demonstrate high scores on the FABQ and had a mean score of 54.09 (SD ± 0.99). There were no significant differences between the male and female groups for the FABQ. On the SF-36, the subjects had a moderate reduction in mental health components of QoL [MCS = 42.19 (SD ± 13.31)] as well as the physical health components of QoL [PCS = 46.78 (9.44)]. QoL of these subjects was compared to a baseline group. Results showed a statistically significant difference between the groups for all eight domains (p- values ranged between 0.0001 and 0.012). The mental health component score (MCS) was not significantly different between the groups but subjects with anterior neck fusion had a significantly lower score on the physical health component (PCS) than the baseline group (p = 0.001). Conclusion This paper concluded that subjects who had an anterior neck fusion 12 months ago still suffered from low levels of pain and moderate dysfunction. They reported low levels of QoL related to physical health one year postoperatively.
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Huang, Yu-Yen, and 黃玉燕. "A Comparative Research of Emotional Distress and QOL Between CIPN and Non-CIPN Colorectal Patients Who Receive FOLFOX." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/63149603308803262781.
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碩士高雄醫學大學
護理學系碩士班
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This research aims to understand the change and comparison of moti onal distress and the quality of life in CIPN and non-CIPN colorectal patients treated with FOLFOX(Leucovorin, 5-Fluorouracil, Oxaliplatin). The objectives are: 1. Discussion of whether colorectal cancer patients treated with FOLFOX have CIPN or not, and the population and disease characteristics. 2. Discussion of emotional distress and quality of life of CIPN and non-CIPN colorectal cancer patients treated with FOLFOX. 3. Discussion of characteristics and severity of CIPN in colorectal cancer patients treated with FOLFOX. 4. Comparison of population and disease characteristics in CIPN and non-CIPN colorectal cancer patients treated with FOLFOX. 5. Comparison of emotional distress and the quality of life in CIPN and non-CIPN colorectal patients treated with FOLFOX. The research is based on a cross-sectional, descriptive, and comparative design. Subjects in the study were 68 colorectal cancer patients treated with FOLFOX, collected in one southern medical center and one regional teaching hospital, by structured questionnaire survey. The questionnaire included: personal and disease characteristics, an oxaliplatin-related neuropathy questionnaire, emotional distress and quality of life scale. The data were analyzed by SPSS 18 edition revealed as percentage, average value, standard deviation, chi-square test, one-sample T test and two-way ANOVA. This research showed that from a total of 68 colorectal cancer patients treated with FOLFOX 45 were CIPN, and 23 were non-CIPN, with no distinct difference between population and disease characteristics. In comparison to emotional distress factors, the number suffering from anxiety was 3.87(±4.55) and from depression 5.29(±5.87) in CIPN patients which was higher than in non-CIPN patients, 1.91 (±2.54), 2.78 (±2.95), respectively. The CIPN patients have a higher percentage of emotional distress problems with p < .05. The scores of quality of life in CIPN patients are functional aspect 81.99/100(±14.74), symptoms /problems aspect 21.47/100(±15.75) and overall health aspect 56.11/100 (± 19.25); The scores of quality of life in CIPN patients are functional aspect 92.74/100(±10.61), symptoms/problem aspect 7.27/100(±9.07) and overall health aspect 77.17/100(±16.13). From the above result, non- CIPN patients have higher grades than CIPN patients in functional aspect and overall health, which means the function and overall health conditions are better. CIPN patients have higher grades in symptoms aspect with distinct difference. The top five symptoms experienced by CIPN patients are: 1.cold-related burning or discomfort in upper extremity, with average value (±standard deviation) 1.47(±1.47), 2.upper extremity numbness 1.36 (±1.33), 3.upper extremity tingling 0.93(±1.25), 4.vision impairment 0.93(±1.30) and 5.throat discomfort 0.91 (±1.20). The results of this research can be a reference for clinical care, nursing education, and future research.
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Bubínková, Linda. "Vliv pohybové aktivity na kvalitu života v jednotlivých věkových kategoriích v období pandemie covid-19." Master's thesis, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-446210.
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IN ENGLISH The diploma thesis presents physical activity and quality of life. Thesis characterizes these two areas, discusses the influences that affect these two areas and then compares the influence of themselves - or the influence of one of them on the other, the impact of physical activity on the quality of life. The theoretical part presents physical activity as a tool of benefit, a determinant of health, part of an active lifestyle. The quality of life is discussed in a similar way. The practical part examines the influence of physical activity on the quality of life in individual age categories. In addition to the influence of physical activity on the quality of life in general, practical part is also testing the influence of this activity on individual dimensions of quality of life. Two questionnaires - WHO QOL-BREF and GPAQ - are used to determine the values needed for the research.
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Ntshakala, Theresa Thembi. "Quality of life of people living with HIV and AIDS in Swaziland who are on antiretroviral therapy." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/8873.
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This study was done to assess the quality of life (QOL) of people living with HIV and AIDS (PLWHA) in Swaziland who are on antiretroviral therapy (ART). No study has been done on QOL of PLWHA in Swaziland who are on ART since it started to be administered in Swaziland in 2001.
A qualitative, exploratory, descriptive, and contextual design was used to assess QOL of PLWHA in Swaziland who are on ART. Twenty-four PLWHA were purposely selected to participate in the study. Methods of data collection used were semi-structured individual in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, and observations. The data (tape-recorded interviews and discussions, and field notes) were transcribed verbatim for data analysis. Data analysed was done using Tesch’s framework of data analysis as described in Creswell (2002:256-283).
The research findings are reflected, with the six domains of QOL identified through a literature review and validated by nurses’ expertise. These domains are the physiological, psychological, spiritual, socio-economic, cognitive, and environmental domains.The study revealed that PLWHA in Swaziland are faced with many challenges concerning ART, namely: inability to meet their nutrition needs, non-adherence to
ART, experience of disfiguring side effects of ARVs, inconsistent condom use, experience of stigma and discrimination, depression, difficulty in accepting and coping with ARVs, lowered self-esteem, a negative influence of some religions on ART, a lack of financial support, poor support systems, poor understanding of ARVs, negative thoughts about HIV and AIDS and ART, an unsatisfactory health care delivery system, a negative influence of culture on ART, and violation of the rights of PLWHA. These challenges negatively influence the QOL of PLWHA and hence the study concluded that PLWHA in Swaziland who are on ART have a poor QOL.
Conclusions drawn from the data analysis reveal that PLWHA in Swaziland are powerless to deal with the above challenges and improve their QOL. The researcher, therefore, developed guidelines to empower PLWHA to deal with these challenges and adhere to ART, thus improving their QOL. Recommendations were made with regard to nursing practice, nursing education, and further nursing research.Health Studies
D. Litt. et Phil. (Health Studies)
Books on the topic "WHO QOL"
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Tarpley, John, and Margaret Tarpley. Religion and Spirituality in Surgery. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190272432.003.0007.
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The influence of religion and spirituality (R/S) on surgeons dates back to the early history of modern surgery and continues into the 21st century. Research topics include intercessory prayer (IP), social cohesion, coping strategies, the role of chaplains and other clergy or faith leaders, and communal activities such as worship. While evidence for benefits of practices such as IP are inconclusive, patients involved in R/S activities or who hold R/S beliefs appear to have improved coping skills and quality of life (QOL). Although R/S has proven value for patients and surgeons, lack of R/S training is a barrier to surgeon involvement in addressing R/S issues such as operative procedures, treatment plans, organ donation, and end-of-life (EOL) situations. Increased training at the undergraduate, graduate, and post-graduate medical levels concerning R/S would provide surgeons and physician colleagues with skills and greater comfort in discussing these issues with patients and families. .
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Felgoise, Stephanie H., and Michelle L. Dube. Resilience and coping strategies in ALS patients and caregivers. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198757726.003.0007.
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The experience of living with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) necessitates adaptation by the person living with ALS (PALS) and their caregiver. In the face of an incurable illness, many PALS and their caregivers report a significant decline in their physical and psychosocial-spiritual health, whereas others endure the illness with great fortitude and demonstrate positive adjustment and wellbeing. This heterogeneity in adjustment has led researchers to conjecture about why or how some people maintain their quality of life while others do not. Psychosocial processes that facilitate adjustment to ALS are coping and a variety of resilience factors including hope, optimism, social problem solving, spirituality and religiosity, and social support and relationship satisfaction. Therapeutic interventions that may foster resilience and coping in PALS and their caregivers include communication, dignity therapy, Buddhist psychology and mindfulness, social problem-solving therapy, constructivist grief therapy, and quality of life therapy (QOLT).
Book chapters on the topic "WHO QOL"
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Baumann, Rainer, and Ulrich Fiedler. "Why QoS Will Be Needed in Metro Ethernets." In Quality of Service – IWQoS 2005, 379–81. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11499169_38.
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Lehmhaus, Lennart. "5. Blessed be He, Who Remembered the Earlier Deeds and Overlooks the Later – Prayer, Benedictions, and Liturgy in the New Rhetoric Garb of Late Midrashic Traditions." In "It’s better to hear the rebuke of the wise than the song of fools" (Qoh 7:5), edited by W. David Nelson, Ilaria L. E. Ramelli, Steven Sacks, Jonathan Kaplan, Jonathan Jacobs, Nehemiah Polen, and Lennart Lehmhaus, 95–140. Piscataway, NJ, USA: Gorgias Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.31826/9781463236809-006.
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Mbewe, Enock S., and Josiah Chavula. "On QoE Impact of DoH and DoT in Africa: Why a User’s DNS Choice Matters." In Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, 289–304. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70572-5_18.
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Ogunseitan, O. A. "WHO-QOL Instrument and Environmental Health Assessment." In Encyclopedia of Environmental Health, 769–76. Elsevier, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-52272-6.00225-7.
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Lai, Hio Kuan, Patrícia Pinto, and Pedro Pintassilgo. "Overtourism." In Handbook of Research on the Impacts, Challenges, and Policy Responses to Overtourism, 75–93. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-2224-0.ch005.
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The concept of overtourism has been popularly discussed in recent years, upon local residents starting to recognize the tourism disturbances in some high-profile destinations. For a sustainable tourism development, it is crucial to investigate potential impacts of overtourism towards the local residents living in the destination. Thus, this chapter employs the existing academic work on quality of life (QoL) concepts, to examine the correlations between residents' perception of tourism's impact to them in material, community, emotional, and health & safety life domains, and their satisfaction with QoL in corresponding life domains, and their overall life satisfaction. This chapter involves a survey taken place in Macau, which represents a case of plausible overtourism. The research reveals that residents who perceived more negative impact from tourism on QoL, were more unsatisfied with QoL. Thus, tourism planners and policy makers should be aware of such threat on sustainable tourism development and search out a solution balancing different stakeholders in overtourism destinations.
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Sun, Virginia, Tami Tittelfitz, and Marjorie J. Hein. "The Role of Nursing in Caring for Patients Receiving Palliative Surgery or Chemotherapy." In Oxford Textbook of Palliative Nursing, edited by Betty Rolling Ferrell and Judith A. Paice, 660–69. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190862374.003.0054.
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Surgery and chemotherapy are common treatment modalities used to manage disease and symptoms in palliative settings where the disease is incurable. These treatment modalities can lead to deteriorations in a patient’s quality of life (QOL). The benefits of palliative surgery and chemotherapy should always focus on QOL, symptom control, and symptom prevention. The purpose of this chapter is to provide an overview of the definition of palliative surgery and chemotherapy, describe common indications for surgery and chemotherapy for palliative treatment intent, and discuss the role of nursing in caring for patients who are receiving palliative surgery and chemotherapy.
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Levi, Rachel B. "Quality of Life in Childhood Cancer: Meaning, Methods, and Missing Pieces." In Comprehensive Handbook of Childhood Cancer and Sickle Cell Disease. Oxford University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195169850.003.0014.
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It is only in the last three decades that the quality of the lives of children and adolescents treated for cancer and their families has become a major focus in the field of pediatric oncology. This shift from helping families to tolerate arduous treatments and prepare for early death is a result of advances in treatment and survival rates for most pediatric disease categories. One result of this paradigm shift is that quality of life (QOL) has become a critical construct within the field of pediatric oncology. The construct of QOL was initially developed for use with adult populations and was based on the definition of health generated in 1948 by the World Health Organization (WHO): “a state of complete physical, mental, and social well being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.” Although there remains no universally adopted definition of QOL, the WHO’s definition of QOL as an “individual’s perceptions of their position in life in the context of the culture and value system in which they live and in relation to their goals, standards, and concerns” is frequently employed (WHO, 1993). This definition includes several domains that are considered central to the QOL construct: physical, mental/emotional, and social. This initial construct has been expanded with adult populations to include physical symptoms and functioning, functional status (i.e., ability to participate in daily and life activities), psychological functioning, and social functioning (e.g., Ware, 1984). This more expansive definition is referred to as health-related quality of life (HRQOL). HRQOL emphasizes the impact of health on one’s QOL but looks further to include other domains of life functioning that are also potentially affected by health/illness states (Jenney, 1998). The HRQOL construct was initially developed for populations of adults living with chronic illness to assess the impacts of illness/injury/disability, medical treatment, or health care policy on an individual’s life quality (for reviews, see Aaronson et al., 1991; Patrick&Erikson, 1993; Speith&Harris, 1996). Over time, there have been modifications and developments in the construct, approaches to measurement, and the measures themselves (Wilson & Cleary, 1994).
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Chapman, Stephen J., Grace V. Robinson, Rahul Shrimanker, Chris D. Turnbull, and John M. Wrightson. "Palliative care." In Oxford Handbook of Respiratory Medicine, edited by Stephen J. Chapman, Grace V. Robinson, Rahul Shrimanker, Chris D. Turnbull, and John M. Wrightson, 799–810. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198837114.003.0059.
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Palliative care is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as an approach that improves the QoL of patients and their families facing the problems associated with life-threatening illness, through the prevention and relief of suffering by means of early identification, impeccable assessment, and treatment of pain and other problems, including physical, psychosocial, and spiritual.
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Martins, Marcelo Melo, Bernardo Pessoa de Assis, Danilo Lopes Assis, Max Paulo Pimentel de Jesus, Ericka Camara Ferreira da Rocha, Tiago Teixeira Correa de Barros, Violeta Gisella Bendezu Garcia, et al. "The Importance of Religiosity / Spirituality in the Prognosis of Heart Patients: An Approach to the Covid-19 Pandemic." In Bulletin of Medical and Clinical Research, 10–17. 2nd ed. IOR PRESS, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/br2112.
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Introduction: Religious and spiritual beliefs have long been held to deal with difficult situations. Studies have shown that psychiatric disorders in the short and long term can be reduced by the practice of religiosity and spirituality (R/S). R/S can influence cardiovascular and pro-inflammatory markers, hypertension, obesity, and diabetes. Studies have shown an 18-25% reduction in mortality rates with R/S practices. Objective: This chapter sought to bring together the main results published on the influence of religiosity and spirituality on the cardiac health of patients at risk during the COVID-19 pandemic. Development: R/S practices may be associated with clinical outcomes with less progression of CVD, being a protective predictor. However, R/S is in most medical services neglected in cardiac rehabilitation programs. The results showed that increases in religiosity were associated with increases in weight and QoL in patients who underwent cardiac procedures. The findings suggested that higher levels of R/S might be related to improved QoL among patients with CVD. Conclusion: The studies covered in this chapter revealed that religiosity and spirituality can act positively on several fronts in the COVID-19 pandemic, influencing the mental and physical health of patients with heart and cardiovascular diseases, in addition to helping to develop preventive and therapeutic measures. Health professionals and managers must be able to address these beliefs, seeking to understand them in each of their patients, offering comprehensive care.
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"Is QWL OD’s Charge? Or Vice Versa? Why It Matters Who Gets Custody." In Organization Development, 104–8. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315125886-23.
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Iakovleva, Maria, Olga Shchelkova, and Ekaterina Usmanova. "QUALITY OF LIFE OF PATIENTS UNDERGOING SURGICAL TREATMENT OF LOWER LIMB CANCER." In International Psychological Applications Conference and Trends. inScience Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36315/2021inpact021.
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"Patients suffering from oncological diseases are the focus of attention of both physicians and psychologists. Although tumor lesions of bones and soft tissues are a relatively rare condition, its effect on the person’ mind and lifestyle are significant, and its treatment is a challenge, also in terms of patient’s adaptation to the disease and therapy. There are various strategies for treating this pathology; all of them are associated with high-tech medicine focused on maintaining or improving patients’ quality of life (QoL). The aim of the present research is to study the psychological characteristics and QoL of patients undergoing surgical treatment of tumor lesions of bones and soft tissues of lower limbs. Material and methods. 36 patients were examined (mean age 58,22; 19 – men). The SF-36 questionnaire, Ways of Coping Questionnaire (WCQ), and Big Five Personality Test (BFI) were used. Treatment by means of the isolated limb perfusion technique was prescribed to 15 patients (group 1); 21 patients were subjected to lower limb amputation due to their disease (group 2). Results. It was found that patients who underwent amputation are characterized by lower rates on the coping scale ‘accepting responsibility’ than patients from the perfusion group (p < 0.05); at the same time, patients from the second group had higher values on the ‘openness’ scale of the BFI compared to the first group (p < 0.1). The study of the relationship between patients’ QoL parameters, personality and coping showed that in the first group the values on the coping scale ‘seeking social support’ negatively correlate with ‘bodily pain’ (p < 0.01), and ‘escape–avoidance’ negatively correlates with ‘social functioning’ (p < 0.01). In the second group, the following significant correlations between personality traits and QoL were revealed: ‘extraversion’ is positively associated with ‘physical functioning’, ‘role-emotional’ and ‘mental health’ (p < 0.01), ‘agreeableness’ has a negative correlation with ‘bodily pain’ and ‘general health’ (p < 0.01), ‘neuroticism’ is negatively related with ‘bodily pain’ and ‘general health’ (p < 0.01), ‘openness’ is positively associated with ‘bodily pain’ and ‘general health’ (p < 0.01). Conclusion. The data obtained emphasizes the importance of taking into account personality characteristics in the management of patients with cancer, including tumor lesions of the bones and soft tissues, as well as the dynamic nature of QoL and its close interconnection with the stage and strategy of treatment and patients’ personality. Psychological support for patients is required for their successful adaptation to the illness and therapy. Acknowledgement. This research was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR) (Grant No 20-013-00573)."
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Proctor, Cecile J., Danie A. Beaulieu, Anthony J. Reiman, and Lisa A. Best. "LIVING WELL AFTER CANCER: THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL SUPPORT AND PRODUCTIVE LEISURE." In International Psychological Applications Conference and Trends. inScience Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36315/2021inpact029.
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"It is now recognized that the ""cancer experience"" extends beyond diagnosis, treatment, and end-of-life care. Relative to individuals who have not faced a cancer diagnosis, cancer survivors report increased mental health concerns and lowered physical and psychological well-being (Langeveld et al., 2004). Health-related quality of life encompasses overall physical (e.g., energy, fatigue, pain, etc.) and psychological functioning (e.g., emotional well-being, etc.), as well as general health perceptions (Hays & Morales, 2001). Nayak and colleagues (2017) reported that 82.3% of cancer patients had below-average quality of life scores, with the lowest scores found in the general, physical, and psychological well-being domains. Research suggests that various positive lifestyle variables, including social connectedness, leisure activity, and mindfulness practices are associated with increased quality of life in cancer patients (Courtens et al., 1996; Fangel et al., 2013; Garland et al., 2017). In this study, 350 cancer survivors completed an online questionnaire package that included a detailed demographic questionnaire with medical and online support and leisure activity questions. Additional measures were included to assess quality of life (QLQ-C30; Aaronson et al., 1993), social connectedness (Social and Emotional Loneliness Scale for Adults, SELSA-S; DiTommaso et al., 2004), and mindfulness (Adolescent and Adult Mindfulness Scale, AAMS; Droutman et al., 2018). Results show that increased QOL is predicted by increased medical support, lower family loneliness, self-acceptance, and engaging in a variety of leisure activities. Encouraging family support, including the patient in the decision-making process, encouraging a variety of physically possible leisure activities, and normalizing negative emotions surrounding diagnosis and disease symptoms are all ways that overall QoL can be improved."
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Dewi, Rizka Amalia, Ambar Mudigdo, and Eti Poncorini Pamungkasari. "The Biopsychosocial Determinants of Quality of Life in Patients with Breast Cancer: A Multilevel Logistic Regression Evidence from Surakarta, Central Java." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.01.47.
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ABSTRACT Background: A cancer diagnosis and its treatment can be expensive. So that cancer patients may suffer from mental and physical problems. Quality of life (QOL) is a major concern of patients with terminal cancer. This study aimed to investigate the biopsychosocial determinants of quality of life in patients with breast cancer. Subjects and Method: This was a cross sectional study. A sample of 200 patients with breast cancer was selected by a simple random sampling. The dependent variable was quality of life. The independent variables were age, marital status, stage of cancer, chemotherapy, length of disease, coping strategy, family income, and modal social. Quality of life was measured by WHO-QOL-BREF. The other variables were collected by a questionnaire. The data were analyzed by a multiple logistic regression run on Stata 13. Results: Strong modal social (b= 2.52; 95% CI= 0.82 to 4.22; p= 0.003), complete chemotherapy (b= 1.65; 95% CI= -0.05 to 3.35; p= 0.057), length of diagnosis ≥24 months (b= 2.39; 95% CI= 0.69 to 4.22; p= 0.006), family income ≥Rp 5,600,000 (b= 2.94; 95% CI= 1.24 to 4.64; p= 0.001), and good coping strategy (b= 1.70; 95% CI= 0.11 to 3.29; p= 0.036) increased quality of life of patients with breast cancer. Late stage of cancer (b= -2.09; 95% CI= -3.78 to -0.40; p= 0.015) and depression (b= -2.48; 95% CI= -4.26 to -0.69; p= 0.001) decreased quality of life of patients with breast cancer. Age decreased quality of life (b= -0.87; 95% CI= -2.94 to 2.77; p= 0.952), but it was statistically non-significant. Marital status increased quality of life (b= 1.32; 95% CI= -0.35 to 2.99; p= 0.123), but it was statistically non-significant. Conclusion: Strong modal social, complete chemotherapy, length of diagnosis ≥24 months, family income ≥Rp 5,600,000, and good coping strategy increase quality of life of patients with breast cancer. Late stage of cancer and depression decrease quality of life of patients with breast cancer. Age decreases quality of life, but it is statistically non-significant. Marital status increased quality of life, but it is statistically non-significant. Keywords: quality of life, breast cancer Correspondence: Rizka Amalia Dewi. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta, Central Java 57126, Indonesia. Email: drizkaez@gmail.com. Mobile: +6282313121768. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.01.47
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Nam, Hyunwoo, Kyung-Hwa Kim, and Henning Schulzrinne. "QoE matters more than QoS: Why people stop watching cat videos." In IEEE INFOCOM 2016 - IEEE Conference on Computer Communications. IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/infocom.2016.7524426.
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Strohmeier, Dominik, Satu Jumisko-Pyykko, and Alexander Raake. "Toward task-dependent evaluation of web-QoE: Free exploration vs. “Who Ate What?”." In 2012 IEEE Globecom Workshops (GC Wkshps). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/glocomw.2012.6477771.
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Hasslinger, Gerhard, and Markus Fiedler. "Why buffers in switching systems do not essentially improve QoS: an analytical case study for on/off source traffic." In ITCom 2002: The Convergence of Information Technologies and Communications, edited by Robert D. van der Mei and Frank Huebner. SPIE, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.473405.
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Haseli, Yousef. "An Easier Approach to Introduce Entropy in Undergraduate Thermodynamics Classes." In ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-86510.
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The common tutorial method of teaching entropy is far twisted and complicated. The convention is to first present Carnot corollaries followed by a “rational argument” to justify the corollaries. In the next step, the efficiency of Carnot engine is argued to be solely dependent on the thermal reservoirs temperatures. Then, thermodynamic temperature scale is introduced to show QL/QH equals TL/TH followed by the Clausius inequality, and finally introducing entropy S. It is not surprising why entropy has been one of the most difficult concepts to teach or learn. The way it is taught in textbooks is not straight unlike many other properties and concepts that are comparably much less cumbersome to understand. Interesting to note is that the inventor of entropy; Clausius, derived the famous Carnot efficiency by simply using the p-V diagram of a Carnot cycle operating with an ideal gas. The objective of this article is to shed light to the original method of Clausius and to present a simple and easy-to-digest approach, so students can better understand where entropy is originated from. Furthermore, we will show that the proof of Carnot corollaries is not concrete and certain objections can be raised.