Relevant bibliographies by topics / Whiting

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
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Academic literature on the topic 'Whiting'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 7 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Whiting"

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Dierssen, H. M., R. C. Zimmerman, and D. J. Burdige. "Optics and remote sensing of Bahamian carbonate sediment whitings and potential relationship to wind-driven Langmuir circulation." Biogeosciences 6, no. 3 (March 31, 2009): 487–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-6-487-2009.

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Abstract. Regions of milky white seas or "whitings" periodically occur to the west of Andros Island along the Great Bahama Bank where the bottom sediment consists of fine-grained aragonite mud. We present measurements of inherent optical properties within a sediment whiting patch and discuss the potential for monitoring the frequency, extent, and quantity of suspended matter from ocean colour satellite imagery. Sea spectral reflectance measured in situ and remotely from space revealed highly reflective waters elevated across the visible spectrum (i.e., "whitened") with a peak at 490 nm. Particulate backscattering was an order of magnitude higher than that measured at other stations throughout the region. The whiting also had one of the highest backscattering ratios measured in natural waters (0.05–0.06) consistent with water dominated by aragonite particles with a high index of refraction. Regular periodicity of 40 and 212 s evident in the light attenuation coefficient over the sampling period indicated patches of fluctuating turbidity on spatial scales that could be produced from regular rows of Langmuir cells penetrating the 5-m water column. We suggest that previously described mechanisms for sediment resuspension in whitings, such as tidal bursting and fish activity, are not fully consistent with these data and propose that wind-driven Langmuir cells reaching the full-depth of the water column may represent a plausible mechanism for sediment resuspension and subsequent whiting formation. Optics and remote sensing provide important tools for quantifying the linkages between physical and biogeochemical processes in these dynamic shallow water ecosystems.
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Dierssen, H. M., R. C. Zimmerman, and D. J. Burdige. "Optics and remote sensing of Bahamian carbonate sediment whitings and potential relationship to wind-driven Langmuir circulation." Biogeosciences Discussions 5, no. 6 (December 8, 2008): 4777–811. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-5-4777-2008.

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Abstract. Regions of milky white seas or "whitings" periodically occur to the west of Andros Island along the Great Bahama Bank where the bottom sediment consists of fine-grained aragonite mud. We present comprehensive measurements of inherent optical properties within a whiting patch and discuss the potential for monitoring the frequency, extent, and quantity of suspended matter from ocean colour satellite imagery. Sea spectral reflectance measured in situ and remotely from space revealed highly reflective waters elevated across the visible spectrum (i.e., "whitened") with a peak at 490 nm. Particulate backscattering was an order of magnitude higher than that measured at other stations throughout the region. The whiting also had one of the highest backscattering ratios measured in natural waters (0.05–0.06) consistent with water dominated by aragonite particles with a high index of refraction. Regular periodicity of 40 and 212 s evident in the light attenuation coefficient over the sampling period indicated patches of fluctuating turbidity on spatial scales that could be produced from regular rows of Langmuir cells penetrating the 5-m water column. We suggest that previously described mechanisms for sediment resuspension in whitings, such as tidal bursting and fish activity, are not fully consistent with these data and propose that wind-driven Langmuir cells reaching the full-depth of the water column may represent a plausible mechanism for sediment resuspension and subsequent whiting formation. Optics and remote sensing provide important tools for quantifying the linkages between physical and biogeochemical processes in these dynamic shallow water ecosystems.
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Blackburn, L. "WHITING SICKLE CELLS." Journal of Experimental Biology 210, no. 19 (October 1, 2007): ii. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.012302.

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Dunford, Adam J., and Gavin J. Macaulay. "Progress in determining southern blue whiting (Micromesistius australis) target strength: results of swimbladder modelling." ICES Journal of Marine Science 63, no. 5 (January 1, 2006): 952–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icesjms.2005.12.011.

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Abstract Southern blue whiting target strength (TS) results from Kirchhoff modelling of swimbladder casts scanned using a hand-held 3D laser scanner are presented. The data are compared with the relationship between TS and fish length used for New Zealand stock-assessment surveys; TS = 21.8 log10(fork length) − 72.8, at 38 kHz. This relationship has its origins in the relationship used for blue whiting (Micromesistius poutassou) in the northern hemisphere, and is based on measurements on juvenile cod (Gadus morhua). The results indicate that the blue whiting relationship is not appropriate for southern blue whiting, and suggest a much steeper slope, with TS = 38 log10(fork length) − 97, at 38 kHz. Sensitivity analyses indicate that further investigations of swimbladder tilt-angle distribution and swimbladder volume are unlikely to provide evidence to support the use of the blue whiting relationship for southern blue whiting.
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Dolgov, Andrey V., Edda Johannesen, Mikko Heino, and Erik Olsen. "Trophic ecology of blue whiting in the Barents Sea." ICES Journal of Marine Science 67, no. 3 (November 23, 2009): 483–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsp254.

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AbstractDolgov, A. V., Johannesen, E., Heino, M., and Olsen, E. 2010. Trophic ecology of blue whiting in the Barents Sea. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 483–493. Blue whiting (Micromesistius poutassou) are distributed throughout the North Atlantic, including the Norwegian and Barents Seas. In recent years, both abundance and distribution of blue whiting in the Barents Sea have increased dramatically. Therefore, to evaluate the trophic impact of this increase, we analysed the diet of the species. In all, 54 prey species or taxa were identified, the main prey being krill. However, the diet varied geographically and ontogenetically: the proportion of fish in the diet was higher in large blue whiting and in the north of the range. Blue whiting overlap geographically with other pelagic species at the edge of their distribution in the Barents Sea, with juvenile herring in the south, with polar cod in the north, and with capelin in the northeast. The overlap in diet between blue whiting and these other pelagic species ranged from 6 to 86% and was greatest with capelin in areas where both species feed on hyperiids and krill. The importance of blue whiting as prey for predatory fish was highest in the areas of greatest abundance, but overall, blue whiting were seemingly unimportant as prey of piscivorous fish in the Barents Sea.
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Turan, Hülya, Can Okan Altan, and Demet Kocatepe. "Black Sea Whiting: Assessment of Potential Health Benefits/Risks and Differences Based on Mineral Concentrations of Meat and Roes." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 7, no. 12 (December 14, 2019): 2075. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v7i12.2075-2082.2780.

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In this study; the human health risks of whiting meat and roes, which are frequently consumed in Turkey were evaluated in terms of minerals and heavy metals. The potential of human health risks according to consumption of whiting meats and roes were assessed by estimating of Metal Pollution Index (MPI), Estimated Weekly Intake (EWI), Target Hazard Quotient (THQ), Total Target Hazard Quotient (TTHQ) levels of heavy metals. The Cd, Hg and Pb results found in the roes were lower than the acceptable limits identified by Turkish Codex. The results showed that the investigated fish meat’s Pb levels were higher than the limit values except from in April and May. The highest Cd content was 0.22 mg.kg-1 in whiting meat in December while the lowest Cd content was 0.03 mg.kg-1 in May. The maximum value of metal pollution indices (MPI) was determined as 0.44 for whiting meat and 0.66 for roes in March. The THQ values of whiting meat and roes were lower than 1 for six months. However, the TTHQ values of whiting meat in February and March were higher than 1 indicating health risk for the consumer by consuming whiting meat.
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Shanableh, Abdallah, Rami Al-Ruzouq, Mohamed Barakat A. Gibril, Cristina Flesia, and Saeed AL-Mansoori. "Spatiotemporal Mapping and Monitoring of Whiting in the Semi-Enclosed Gulf Using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Time Series Images and a Generic Ensemble Tree-Based Model." Remote Sensing 11, no. 10 (May 20, 2019): 1193. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11101193.

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Whiting events in seas and lakes are a natural phenomenon caused by suspended calcium carbonate (CaCO3) particles. The Arabian Gulf, which is a semi-enclosed sea, is prone to extensive whiting that covers tens of thousands of square kilometres. Despite the extent and frequency of whiting events in the Gulf, studies documenting the whiting phenomenon are lacking. Therefore, the primary objective of this study was to detect, map and document the spatial and temporal distributions of whiting events in the Gulf using daily images acquired by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on NASA’s Terra and Aqua satellites from 2002 to 2018. A method integrating a geographic object-based image analysis, the correlation-based feature selection technique (CFS), the adaptive boosting decision tree (AdaBoost DT) and the rule-based classification were used in the study to detect, quantify and assess whiting events in the Gulf from the MODIS data. Firstly, a multiresolution segmentation was optimised using unsupervised quality measures. Secondly, a set of spectral bands and indices were investigated using the CFS to select the most relevant feature(s). Thirdly, a generic AdaBoost DT model and a rule-based classification were adopted to classify the MODIS time series data. Finally, the developed classification model was compared with various tree-based classifiers such as random forest, a single DT and gradient boosted DT. Results showed that both the combination of the mean of the green spectral band and the normalised difference index between the green and blue bands (NDGB), or the combination of the NDGB and the colour index for estimating the concentrations of calcium carbonates (CI) of the image objects, were the most significant features for detecting whiting. Moreover, the generic AdaBoost DT classification model outperformed the other tested tree-based classifiers with an overall accuracy of 97.86% and a kappa coefficient of 0.97. The whiting events during the study period (2002–2018) occurred exclusively during the winter season (November to March) and mostly in February. Geographically, the whiting events covered areas ranging from 12,000 km2 to 60,000 km2 and were mainly located along the southwest coast of the Gulf. The duration of most whiting events was 2 to 6 days, with some events extending as long as 8 to 11 days. The study documented the spatiotemporal distribution of whiting events in the Gulf from 2002 to 2018 and presented an effective tool for detecting and motoring whiting events.
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Atkinson, C. J. L., M. Bergmann, and M. J. Kaiser. "Habitat selection in whiting." Journal of Fish Biology 64, no. 3 (March 2004): 788–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2004.00340.x.

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Nie, Jundan, and Hao Tian. "Detecting tidal tail of the globular cluster Whiting 1." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 14, S353 (June 2019): 121–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921319008639.

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AbstractWhiting 1 is a faint and young globular cluster embedded in the Sag dSph. It has similar distance, metalicity and radial velocity with the trailing stream of the Sag. Due to these special properties, Whiting 1 was suggested to be associated with the trailing stream of Sag. However, its origin is still unclear and further investigation of its relation with Sgr dSph is needed. In this work, we use DECaLS data to search the tidal tail of Whiting 1, with the aim of looking for spatial connection between Whiting 1 and Sgr dSph. With Matched Filter method, we detected a tidal tail around the main body of Whiting 1. This tail extends to at least 0.5 degree and aligns with the mean orbit direction of Sgr dSph. This tail is newly detected and it provides additional evidence of the association between Whiting 1 and Sgr trailing stream.
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Pedersen, Geir, Olav Rune Godø, Egil Ona, and Gavin J. Macaulay. "A revised target strength–length estimate for blue whiting (Micromesistius poutassou): implications for biomass estimates." ICES Journal of Marine Science 68, no. 10 (September 13, 2011): 2222–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsr142.

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Abstract Pedersen, G., Godø, O. R., Ona, E., and Macaulay, G. J. 2011. A revised target strength–length estimate for blue whiting (Micromesistius poutassou): implications for biomass estimates. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: 2222–2228. Acoustic abundance estimates of blue whiting have generally been higher than estimates based on catch data. One explanation has been that the relationship between acoustic target strength (TS) and length is too low and hence overestimates the number of fish. Measurements of TS were conducted during surveys of blue whiting in March/April 2003–2007 to the west of the British Isles from several different measurement platforms, and also during August 2005 in the Norwegian Sea. Results from these experiments confirm the view that the existing TS–length relationship is too low. A new TS–length relationship is proposed that is ∼5 dB higher. Blue whiting TS is considerably higher than observed and modelled for a similar species, southern blue whiting (Micromesistius australis).
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Whiting"

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Staniland, Iain John. "The feeding ecology and behaviour of whiting (Merlangius merlangus L.)." Thesis, University of Leicester, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/34239.

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The development of multispecies fisheries models has led to a need for improved information on the diet composition and consumption rates of fish. This study was an attempt to investigate the feeding ecology of whiting, with an emphasis on how the fishes' behaviour might influence its diet. Analysing the stomach contents of North Sea whiting, found that as whiting increased in size they switched from a crustacean, to a fish dominated diet, and the average size of prey eaten increased. Smaller trawl caught whiting were found to have a higher instance of regurgitation. The whiting appeared to be exploiting one prey species in an area. The majority of fish stomachs sampled at a station contained the same prey type. Studies showed that sandeels were evacuated from the stomachs of whiting at a higher rate than prawns. When fed in combination the evacuation rate of sandeels increased, and the rate of prawns decreased. It was postulated that these evacuation rate changes could be because of stomach packing and/or the prawns' abrasive exoskeleton. Video analysis of whiting feeding on shrimp studied the effects of changing the predator to prey size ratio, stomach fullness and experience. As the predator to prey size ratio increased the handling time decreased, and probability of successfully eating a shrimp increased. As the fish gut filled up the probability of a strike being successful decreased and handling time increased. With increasing experience the hunting sequence of the fish became simplified and the probability of a strike being successful increased. Results from the video analysis were used to develop a stochastic dynamic program of whiting feeding. The program was used to model the optimal prey choices of whiting feeding on two sizes of shrimp. In the model the probability of success was found to be the most important factor in determining the optimal shrimp size. The time spent in handling the shrimp was also found to be important. It was concluded that a more behavioural approach could help in understanding why fish eat what they do and aid investigations into the problems of fish species interactions.
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Long, Jacqueline. "Whiting Events Off Southwest Florida: Remote Sensing and Field Observations." Scholar Commons, 2016. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6535.

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“Whiting” is a term used to describe a sharply defined patch of water that contains high levels of suspended, fine-grained calcium carbonate (CaCO3). These features are named for their bright (at times white) appearance when compared to surrounding waters, and have been found to occur globally, persisting for multiple consecutive days. Although whitings have been widely studied using chemical, biological, geological, and physical techniques, there has been little effort to document their spatio-temporal distributions in a systematic way, not to mention the lack of consensus on what generates whitings and allows them to persist for days to weeks at a time. In particular, although fishermen and aircraft pilots have reported whiting-like features off southwest Florida (e.g., a sighting off the Ten Thousand Islands was reported on October 29, 2013), there has been no targeted study on these features in this area. Therefore, the objective of this study is two fold: 1) to document the spatial-temporal distributions of whitings in southwest Florida (SWFL) coastal waters from 2003 through 2015 using satellite imagery to study how their occurrence is related to several environmental variables and 2) to conduct field and laboratory measurements to determine the particle composition and water characteristics in and outside the whiting features. To achieve objective one, a multi-year time series from 2003 through 2015 was developed over SWFL using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) observations. Customized processing was used in order to removed clouds and other artifacts and to delineate the surface whiting features. From this, statistics and distribution maps of whiting occurrence were generated. Annual mean whiting coverage peaked in 2011 (11 km2), when whiting reached a maximum daily visible coverage of 92 km2 on February 23. For the entire time series, the highest daily coverage observed was 126 km2 on December 6, 2008. Over all, whitings had higher spatial coverage during the spring and autumn, with 88% of all whiting coverage occurring within 40 km of the coastline. Images of average seasonal spatial distributions showed that over 90% of whitings located between 40 and 70 km of shore occurred specifically during the winter and autumn. A multivariate linear regression was performed, which found little to no correlation between annual whiting coverage and environmental factors such as sea surface temperature (SST), wind, and river discharge. This analysis was also applied to spatial distributions of whiting events within and outside of 20 km and 40 km from shore. The only statistically significant result was that of SST, as well as SST with river discharge and whiting events distributed more than 20 km from shore. In order to accomplish objective two, several field campaigns were conducted to collect in-situ data and water samples of pre-, post-, and occurring whiting event conditions to provide information on composition, driving forces, and variables that cannot be derived via satellites. Samples were collected for taxonomic identification, chemical analysis, bottom sediment grain size fractionation, in-situ remote sensing reflectance (Rrs), particle backscattering (bbp), chlorophyll-a concentration ([chl-a]), particulate absorption (ap), and gelbstoff (otherwise known as color dissolved organic matter, or CDOM) absorption (ag). Taxonomic identification of marine phytoplankton within whiting water revealed the presence of a dominant, small (<5 >μm), centric diatom species during a sampled whiting event. Through the use of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), these were identified as Thalassiosira sp. Amorphous to fully formed crystals of calcium carbonate were present, attached to cells of Thalassiosira sp., localized to the girdle bands. All other diatom species were devoid of similar growths. In comparing the waters within a whiting area to outside waters, no significant differences were found in ap, ag, nor [chl-a]. The carbonate parameters of whiting water differed from outside water, however due to low sample numbers these results are inconclusive. Average backscattering was twice as high within whiting waters compared to non-whiting water, and measured in-situ Rrs was higher at all wavelengths (400 – 700 nm) within whiting water, with a spectral shape similar to outside waters. Overall, this is the first time that SWFL whiting events have been characterized systematically using satellite imagery, field and laboratory as well as meteorological data to diagnose whiting causes and maintenance mechanisms. Although these results are inconclusive, they add new information to the existing literature on this phenomenon.
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Norris, Andrew J. "Sensory modalities, plasticity and prey choice in three sympatric species of whiting (Pisces:Sillaginidae) /." St. Lucia, Qld, 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe17866.pdf.

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Demain, Dorota K. "Settlement ecology of juvenile cod Gadus morhua, haddock Melanogrammus aeglefinus and whiting Merlangius merlangus." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2010. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=158304.

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Cod, haddock and whiting are among the most economically important species in the Scottish demersal fishery. Juvenile settlement, the transition from pelagic to demersal habitat, has been identified as an important milestone for these species, but there is insufficient knowledge and data about this life stage. It is believed that the period of settlement has an impact on recruitment success, as important density-dependent processes may take place, such as competition for suitable substrate, refuge or prey. Also, knowledge of settlement timing and duration is relevant to understanding population connectivity and thus to the development of successful conservation measures. Sampling was conducted between April and August 2004, June and September 2005 and June and July 2006 at an inshore site off the east coast of Scotland. Over 4000 0- group cod, haddock and whiting were collected. Comprehensive morphometric and dietary analyses of the samples were carried out, followed by statistical analysis of the data. The results suggested clear differences in the patterns of settlement between the different species. Initially juvenile haddock favoured deeper, further offshore locations, while cod occupied shallower, inshore waters. Whiting settled much later in the season and over protracted period of time. Furthermore, cod showed an affinity for structured habitat, while haddock and whiting were found only over sand. The results also showed that the transition from the pelagic to the demersal habitat was associated with clear and progressive changes in the prey composition of the juvenile fish. The results also showed temporal, spatial and dietary niche segregation of settling juveniles, which is expected to reduce competition for resources and increase the potential for settlement success.
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Ghaffar, Mazlan Abd. "Food consumption patterns and dietary digestibility of whiting (Merlangius merlangus L.) fed in laboratory conditions." Thesis, Bangor University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.327516.

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Zheng, Xiaohong. "Analysis of cod, haddock and whiting distribution in UK waters in relation to environmental variables." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.395051.

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This study systematically analysed the spatial distribution of cod (Gadus morhua, [Linnaeus, 1758]), haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus, [Linnaeus, 1758]) and whiting (Merlangius merlangus, [Linnaeus, 1758]) in UK waters, with particular reference to the North Sea and west coast of Scotland, in relation to environmental variables: sea surface temperature (SST), sea bottom temperature (SBT) and depth using a combination of qualitative (geographic information systems) and quantitative (statistics) methods. Fish abundance data were derived from both survey and fisheries records. The analysis showed: 1. There is a great heterogeneity in spatial and temporal (seasonal) distribution of whiting. The spatial distribution of whiting in winter is related to age, as well as to depth and to spatial patterns of SST at the same time. The area (within the northern North Sea) of highest whiting abundance (derived from fishery data), and the largest seasonal change in the abundance, corresponds to the area of highest survey catch rates for older (>2 years) whiting in winter, a particular spatial pattern of SST in winter and water depths of 100-200 m. 2. Generalised additive models (GAMs) fitted to whiting abundance (derived from fishery data) in the northern North Sea in relation to SST, SBT and depth showed marked seasonal changes in the spatial relationships between whiting abundance and these environmental variables. In the northern North Sea, SST apparently has important influence on the spatial distribution of whiting, especially during winter and spring (from December to April): where the water is relatively warm (reflected in SST), whiting abundance is relatively high. In summer, this relationship disappears. The inter-annual changes in the strength of the warmness in winter and spring seem to have effect on the inter-annual changes of whiting abundance at 0-2 years lag time. The relatively warm areas in winter and spring in the northern North Sea result partially from the Atlantic current. SST acts as an indicator of the effect of Atlantic currents on local waters.
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Burgess, J. E., and n/a. "Long term evaluations of the effects of Irlen tinted lenses on academic and related skills." University of Canberra. Education, 1990. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060622.105432.

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This survey research systematically collects Information on the long term effects of Irlen tinted lenses, from a specific diagnosed scotopic sensitive population. The survey used is based on Whiting's survey (1988), with variations and extensions made to increase information attained. Although the main focus of the survey is reading and related academic skills, other areas presenting new directions for further research, have also been included. 306 diagnosed scotopic sensitive Individuals, who had been using prescribed Irlen tinted lenses for a minimum of six months, were surveyed. 82.8 percent of the respondents indicated that they (or their child) had experienced great benefits from wearing Irlen tinted lenses. 70.1 percent Indicated that the greatest benefit had been in the area of reading. Cross-tabulations were made with length of time wearing the lenses, gender, and whether the respondent was filling in the questionnaire for themselves or for their child. The results of this descriptive research support Whiting's (1988), earlier findings. A review of the available literature and the Implications of these findings are discussed.
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Hadfield, Amelia. "Stages of Englishness, English national identity in the plays of T. S. Eliot and John Whiting, 1945-1954." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0011/MQ36358.pdf.

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Burns, Neil M. "Distribution and demographic connectivity in whiting (Merlangius merlangus) : a novel approach using otolith trace elements in continuous assignment." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2018. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/9126/.

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Seyhan, Kadir. "Gastric emptying, food consumption and ecological impact of whiting, Merlangius merlangus (L.) in the eastern Irish Sea marine ecosystem." Thesis, Bangor University, 1994. http://e.bangor.ac.uk/4295/.

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Gastric emptying of Sprattus sprattus and Arenicola spp. (gastric lavage) and formulated pellets (X-Ray studies) was investigated in a range of sizes of whiting, Merlangius merlangus fed different meal sizes at different temperatures. Emptying of indigestible solids, barium sulphate spheroids and ballotini were also studied. Additionally stomach contents of whiting sampled from Red Wharf Bay, Eastern Anglesey, UK. were analysed to determine diet composition, diel feeding periodicity and feeding strategy of whiting. Daily and total annual intake of main prey taxa, sprat, sandeel and crab, were estimated. Finally feeding behaviour of whiting in captivity was monitored. With respect to the studies conducted under laboratory conditions, it was found that gastric emptying is best described by a linear function. The results indicated significant changes in gastric emptying rates with both prey type and size. The seasonal change in temperature did not yield a significant change in gastric emptying rate. Increase in diet surface area also did not alter the gastric emptying rate significantly. The results have also shown that in continuously- feeding whiting gastric emptying is affected by the second meal such that the arrival of the second meal is accompanied by rapid emptying of a small fraction of the first meal. Despite difficulties encountered with individual variation among whiting of similar size held under similar conditions, gastric emptying times (GET) for both natural food and formulated pellets can be adequately predicted by the equations: GET = 126.47 W -0.111 g 0.26 e -0.068T for the natural food, GET = 6.6 e -0.09T + 2.48 W0.566 e -0.044T for the formulated pellets; where W is the fish weight (g), S is the meal size (g) and T is the temperature (°C) suggesting that a similar meal size of formulated pellet is emptied faster than natural food, Sprattus sprattus. This was interpreted as evidence that natural diets may reflect a combination of 2 factors (a) the relative size of stimulation to the stomach (% distension) and (b) the existence of protective, fibrous skin which resists digestion. Barium sulphate spheroids of diameter 1 mm (ca 20 per g food) and ballotini of diameter 0.029- 0.049 mm (60-100 per 1.58g) were selectively retained by the whiting stomach, suggesting that these indigestible materials can not be used in gastric emptying studies in whiting. Under laboratory conditions with continuous food availability, medium size whiting (155.25±27.98 g) consumed 5.29 g sprat corresponding to 3.41 %bw (approximately 3 sprat, 1.88g each) at 14 °C. The return of appetite after a single meal was found to follow the gastric emptying curve closely. However if food is not offered directly, but made available through demand feeding, the whiting feed rhythmically (every 21 hours), under these conditions it was estimated that feeding activity returns when the stomach is 40 % full. It wa§ found that, in the wild, whiting prefer fish (Sprattus sprattus and Ammodytes spp. ) and crustaceans and only turn to the polychaetes as a third option, even when they are readily available, when preferred food is scarce. The availability of prey was found to be the main criterion in whiting feeding strategy. In March fish were dominant for most whiting, in August and September/October however, Liocarcinus spp. and Corystes cassivelaunus were the main prey items found in whiting stomach reflecting the availability of these prey species. A highly correlated relationship was found between predator (whiting) and prey (sandeel) length, however this was not noticed for sprat; whiting prey on sprat regardless of its length. An increase in feeding intensity was observed in the morning (August), in the evening (September/October), or at both times, crepuscular feeding pattern, (March). However, when feeding behaviour was investigated under laboratory conditions it was found that whiting is mainly a day time feeder with a slight increase in the morning and in the evening, but some feeding also occurs at night. Additionally a strong tendency was found for crustaceans to be found in fish captured during the daylight hours and fish at night in August and September/October. A linear model to estimate food consumption from the field samples was developed. F= (S2-S1) + 1.5 K T, where S2 and SI are average stomach contents at time tI and t2, K is the gastric emptying rate (gh-1) and T is temperature (°C). The average recruited whiting stock in the area of approximately 150 km2 in Red Wharf Bay was estimated to be 129,000 with a total biomass of 22 tonnes. It was estimated that young whiting (groups 0+ to 3+ years) in Red Wharf Bay eat between 1.29 and 6.57 g day-1 in February. By August, when temperature has maximised, these values increase by approximately 70-80 %. Daily intake of sprat, sandeel and crab was estimated to be 0.41,0.14 and 0.14 g for the 0+ group. This was increased to 0.70,0.80 and 0.94 g by the age of 4. On a daily basis the long-term average of the amount of sprat, sandeel and crab consumed were estimated to be 820, 370 and 520 g/km2/day respectively. Total food consumption per year by the recruited whiting stock in the area studied however was 44.8 tonnes of sprat (approximately 11.5 million sprats), 20 tonnes of sandeel and 28.5 tonnes of crab. These figures were compared with the available data from the North Sea as well as from other parts of the Irish Sea and it was concluded that whiting in the Irish Sea eat more than they do in the North Sea.
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Books on the topic "Whiting"

1

Jim, Whiting. Jim Whiting: Unnatural bodies. Basel/Schweiz: Galerie Littmann, 1988.

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The Australian whiting book. Gladstone, Qld., Australia: K & E Wright, 1993.

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The poems of B.R. Whiting. Riverdale-on-Hudson, N.Y: Sheep Meadow Press, 1991.

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Collum, Lynn. Miss Whiting and the seven wards. Waterville, Me: Five Star, 2003.

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Hayter, Rebecca. Endless summer: The Penny Whiting story. Auckland, N.Z: HarperCollinsPublishers (New Zealand), 2000.

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Metcalf, Florence. My missionary parents Melvin & Olivia Whiting. [Washington?: s.n.], 1989.

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Luther Whiting Mason, international music educator. Warren, Mich.: Harmonie Park Press, 1997.

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James, Hazard. New Year's Eve in Whiting, Indiana. Milwaukee: Main Street Pub., 1985.

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Manuel, Esponda Jimeno Víctor, ed. Conversaciones con Thomas A. Lee Whiting. Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, México: Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas, 2009.

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Whiting, Allen. Allen Whiting: A painter at sixty. Martha's Vineyard, Mass: Vineyard Stories, 2006.

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Book chapters on the topic "Whiting"

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Gooch, Jan W. "Whiting." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 811. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_12835.

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Stahl, Frieda A. "Whiting, Sarah Frances." In Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers, 2327–29. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9917-7_1467.

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Dalen, Benno van, Donald K. Yeomans, Wayne Orchiston, Douglas Scott, Trudy E. Bell, Charles H. Smith, Jeff Suzuki, et al. "Whiting, Sarah Frances." In The Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers, 1215–17. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-30400-7_1467.

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Morrissey, Michael T., Yildiz Karaibrahimoglu, and Jovi Sandhu. "Effect of High Hydrostatic Pressure on Pacific Whiting Surimi." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 57–65. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1925-0_6.

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Peters, Gregory, Gilbert Sylvia, and Michael Morrissey. "Determination of quality parameters for Pacific whiting (M. productus)." In Hake, 437–49. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1300-7_16.

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Reite, Karl-Johan, J. Haugen, F. A. Michelsen, and K. G. Aarsæther. "Sustainable and Added Value Small Pelagics Fisheries Pilots." In Big Data in Bioeconomy, 389–409. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71069-9_30.

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AbstractThis chapter describes four pilot cases covering the Norwegian pelagic fisheries for small fish species in the North Atlantic Ocean, such as mackerel, herring and blue whiting. The pilot cases aim to improve sustainability and value creation. Big data methods and tools have been used to demonstrate the potential impact on fuel consumption, fisheries planning and fish stock assessments. Specifically, the pilots have targeted immediate operational choices, short-term fisheries planning, fish stock assessments and longer-term market predictions.
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"Whiting." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 1067. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-30160-0_12587.

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McAllister, Marvin. "White People Be Like … Black Solo and Racial Difference." In Whiting Up, 201–48. University of North Carolina Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/9780807869062_mcallister.10.

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McAllister, Marvin. "Conclusion Problems and Possibilities of Whiting Up." In Whiting Up, 249–64. University of North Carolina Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/9780807869062_mcallister.11.

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McAllister, Marvin. "Introduction Whiting Up Work." In Whiting Up, 1–18. University of North Carolina Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/9780807869062_mcallister.4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Whiting"

1

Feeny, B. F., and A. K. Feeny. "Complex Modal Analysis of the Swimming Motion of a Whiting." In ASME 2011 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2011-48204.

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The kinematics of the transverse motion of a swimming fish are analyzed using a complex modal decomposition. Cinematographic images of a swimming whiting (Gadus merlangus) were obtained from the work of Sir James Gray (Journal of Experimental Biology, 1933). The position of the midline for each image was determined, and used to produce planar positions of virtual markers distributed along the midline of the fish. Transverse deflections of each virtual marker were used for the complex orthogonal decomposition of modes. This method was applied to a normal whiting and an amputated whiting, both of Gray’s paper. The fish motions were well represented by a single complex mode, which was used as a modal filter. The modal coordinate was also extracted. The mode and modal coordinate were used to estimate the frequency, wavelength, and wave speed. The amputated fish was compared to the non-amputated fish, and the different amount of traveling in the respective waveforms was quantified.
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Graham, Kathryn, Grace Laney, Elizabeth Intskirveli, Jason Lumerman, and Jonathan P. Schmitkons. "CALCIUM CARBONATE WHITING EVENTS IN FAYETTEVILLE GREEN LAKE: BIOLOGICAL OR GEOLOGICAL ORIGIN?" In Joint 69th Annual Southeastern / 55th Annual Northeastern GSA Section Meeting - 2020. Geological Society of America, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2020se-344578.

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Schwartz, Mark, and Cal Disney. "Art of the Deal: Building WTE in the 21st Century." In 16th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec16-1942.

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The nation’s first successful commercial waste-to-energy facility went on-line in 1975 and the industry has accumulated a three-decade long track record—operating safely, improving efficiencies, and meeting new, tougher environmental standards. The industry has matured and has learned from operating experience. But as the industry faces a revival, have we also learned to improve on the art of the deal? In the past, the standard lump sum RFP approach forced project sponsors and vendors into a type of Russian roulette—one-sided gamesmanship that opened one or both sides to unreasonable risk with willing partners in the construction and financial community. On today’s financial and financial risk playing field, though, Wheelabrator believes that the road to prosperity—for sponsor and vendor—is found in above-board open book negotiations. It’s a process designed to reduce economic risk and provides a more realistic picture of the actual cost of the project once it’s in the ground and operating. Mark Schwartz, Senior Manager of Business Development for Wheelabrator Technologies, and Cal Disney, Vice President of Whiting-Turner, will review the pitfalls of the past and discuss how the process can be improved when all parties participate in the design, permitting and construction oversight of a facility. They will discuss how the process can lead to contracts with fixed costs, lower capital costs, minimal risks and a public private partnership that gets the most value for taxpayer dollars.
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Krough, Bradley, Paul Corbitt, Lucia Cazares, James Masdea, and David Scadden. "Utilizing High-Frequency In-Bit Sensor Data Improves Drillbit Design and Modelling." In SPE Offshore Europe Conference & Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/205429-ms.

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Abstract Modern drill bits designs have become more efficient using static modelling, and in more advanced cases, time-based dynamic modelling. These methods have created improved cutting structures that fail rock more effectively, however, at-bit vibrations are difficult to estimate because of the high-frequency nature of the vibration and its proximity to typical vibration sensors. In conventional applications, vibration is not measured near the bit. A solution to capture this data on conventional assemblies and use the data in an actual bit design is presented in this paper with subsequent performance and vibration results. The relative efficiency, bit dull grading, and vibration performance are compared across these designs and explored in depth. This new generation of vibration tool fits inside the bit pin, enabling accurate at-bit vibration measurements by a suite of sensors. The tool includes a tri-axis accelerometer that measures lateral and axial acceleration, and gyro sensors to measure rpm and torsional acceleration. Together, these outputs combine with the rig surface data to have time- and depth-based vibration data in the context of the run. When used to quantify the dynamic model, this represents a modelling calibration that improves bit design performance. The lower-vibration environment created by the new bit design enables the operator to run increased parameters with a lower likelihood for measurement-while-drilling (MWD) failures, motor failures, and premature catastrophic bit failures leading to faster run times and less nonproductive time (NPT). These results also prove that meaningful bit design changes can take place more frequently than through traditional means, translating value to the operator in the form more successful BHA improvements and less drilling time. Using the new in-bit sensor in a baseline design to start the design cycle, a baseline mechanical specific energy (MSE) and vibration model was developed foot-by-foot. The worst areas of vibration were seen as the bit became dull in the lower section of the drilling interval. A new dull bit model was created in parallel to capture this section of data. A new design was proposed to Whiting Petroleum to improve both sharp and dull efficiency and vibration, and subsequently run with sensor in an offset well.
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Silva, Marlon Demauir Cozine, Daniele Alves Laurentino, Marysilvia Ferreira da Costa, and Celio Albano da Costa Neto. "Whitening Generation in PVDF Under Cyclic Loading." In ASME 2015 34th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2015-41303.

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Whitening is defined as the change in the opacity of a polymeric material due to microvoid nucleation and/or grow, resulting in volume increase and possible modification of the mechanical properties. Its formation may arise from processing conditions or mechanical stresses acting in the polymers. The understanding of the whitening phenomenon and its effect on mechanical behavior is of great importance for engineering application; for instance, poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) is widely used as pressure barrier in flexible raisers, where high pressure and aggressive media are presents and the presence of whitening may increase the gas permeation rate. The present study, cyclic loading experiments were performed on PVDF to generate whitening in a controlled manner. Subsequently, the whitening effect on the mechanical properties were evaluated using tensile tests and the structure was evaluated using X-ray diffraction, while the fracture surface was analyzed via scanning electron microscopy. It was observed that cyclic load was able to nucleated the voids and there was an increase in the crystallinity and in the mechanical properties of the material.
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Bartolini, Cesare, Antonia Bertolino, Sebastian Elbaum, and Eda Marchetti. "Whitening SOA testing." In the 7th joint meeting of the European software engineering conference and the ACM SIGSOFT symposium on The foundations of software engineering. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1595696.1595721.

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Birnie, C., K. Chambers, and D. Angus. "Noise Whitening of Seismic Data." In 79th EAGE Conference and Exhibition 2017. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201701061.

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Zhen, Mingmin, Wenmin Wang, and Ronggang Wang. "Improving VLAD with regional PCA whitening." In 2015 Visual Communications and Image Processing (VCIP). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/vcip.2015.7457868.

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Chang, Wei-Chieh, and Jenq-Tay Yuan. "Adaptive blind equalizers with whitening filters." In MILCOM 2015 - 2015 IEEE Military Communications Conference. IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/milcom.2015.7357544.

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Dasog, Meera, Kishor Koirala, Pu Liu, and Edward A. Clancy. "EMG Bandwidth used in Signal Whitening." In 2013 39th Annual Northeast Bioengineering Conference (NEBEC). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nebec.2013.87.

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Reports on the topic "Whiting"

1

van Rijn, J., A. T. M. van Helmond, and P. Molenaar. Pelagic blue whiting trawl innovation: hake grid. IJmuiden: Wageningen Marine Research, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/425088.

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van Oostenbrugge, H., A. Klok, B. Deetman, J. Batsleer, K. Bleeker, and A. M. Winter. Undersized whiting in the BT2 fishery : quantification of volumes and economic effects of handling and landing. Wageningen: Wageningen Economic Research, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/546290.

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Lisa L. Robbins and Kimberly K. Yates. Direct Measurement of CO2 Fluxes in Marine Whitings. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/859282.

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Brady D. Lee, William A. Apel, and Michelle R. Walton. Whitings as a Potential Mechanism for Controlling Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Concentrations ? Final Project Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/911640.

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Basseville, Michele, Albert Benveniste, and Alan S. Willsky. Multiscale Autoregressive Processes. Part 2. Lattice Structures for Whitening and Modeling. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada264600.

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Gittleman, Gregory M. Abrasive Wear of Four Direct Restorative Materials by Standard and Whitening Dentifrices. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ad1012923.

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