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Journal articles on the topic "White star line ltd"
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Mindham, R. H. S., and A. C. P. Sims. "Brian Lake: Formerly Consultant Psychotherapist, Leeds." Psychiatric Bulletin 32, no. 8 (August 2008): 319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.bp.108.021618.
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Brian was born in 1922 into a religious family who lived near Liverpool where his father was a jobber at the Liverpool Stock Exchange. He was the youngest of three brothers of whom the eldest, Frank, like Brian, studied medicine with a view to becoming a missionary in India. Brian began his studies in Edinburgh in 1940 and qualified with the ‘Scottish Triple’ in 1945. After house jobs at the Edinburgh Royal Infirmary and a period as Senior R.M.O. at the Royal Liverpool Children's Hospital. He was rejected for military service on medical grounds, so he decided to go to sea; he served with the Cunard White Star Line for the greater part of the 1950s. However, it was his contact with the crew and his involvement in negotiations to settle conflicts between them which most interested him and led to him to develop an interest in psychiatry. In the late 1950s he joined the junior staff at Warlingham Park Hospital in Surrey where he found himself among a stimulating group of trainees, many of whom later became distinguished in the psychiatric world. He obtained the DPM in 1961.
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Reindl, N., V. Schaffenroth, M. M. Miller Bertolami, S. Geier, N. L. Finch, M. A. Barstow, S. L. Casewell, and S. Taubenberger. "An in-depth reanalysis of the alleged type Ia supernova progenitor Henize 2−428." Astronomy & Astrophysics 638 (June 2020): A93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202038117.
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Context. The nucleus of the planetary nebula Hen 2-428 is a short orbital-period (4.2 h), double-lined spectroscopic binary, whose status as a potential supernova type Ia progenitor has raised some controversy in the literature. Aims. With the aim of resolving this debate, we carried out an in-depth reanalysis of the system. Methods. Our approach combines a refined wavelength calibration, thorough line-identifications, improved radial-velocity measurements, non-LTE spectral modeling, as well as multi-band light-curve fitting. Our results are then discussed in view of state-of-the-art stellar evolutionary models. Results. Besides systematic zero-point shifts in the wavelength calibration of the OSIRIS spectra which were also used in the previous analysis of the system, we found that the spectra are contaminated with diffuse interstellar bands. Our Voigt-profile radial velocity fitting method, which considers the additional absorption of these diffuse interstellar bands, reveals significantly lower masses (M1 = 0.66 ± 0.11 M⊙ and M2 = 0.42 ± 0.07 M⊙) than previously reported and a mass ratio that is clearly below unity. Our spectral and light curve analyses lead to consistent results, however, we find higher effective temperatures and smaller radii than previously reported. Moreover, we find that the red-excess that was reported before to prove to be a mere artifact of an outdated reddening law that was applied. Conclusions. Our work shows that blends of He II λ 5412 Å with diffuse interstellar bands have led to an overestimation of the previously reported dynamical masses of Hen 2−428. The merging event of Hen 2−428 will not be recognised as a supernova type Ia, but most likely leads to the formation of a H-deficient star. We suggest that the system was formed via a first stable mass transfer episode, followed by common envelope evolution, and it is now composed of a post-early asymptotic giant branch star and a reheated He-core white dwarf.
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Kuuttila, J., and M. Gilfanov. "Optical emission-line spectra of symbiotic binaries." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 507, no. 1 (August 18, 2021): 594–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab2025.
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ABSTRACT Symbiotic stars are long-period interacting binaries where the compact object, most commonly a white dwarf, is embedded in the dense stellar wind of an evolved companion star. Ultraviolet and soft X-ray emission of the accretion disc and the nuclear-burning white dwarf plays a major role in shaping the ionization balance of the surrounding wind material, giving rise to the rich line emission. In this paper, we employ two-dimensional photoionization calculations based on the cloudy code to study the ionization state of the circumbinary material in symbiotic systems and to predict their emission-line spectra. Our simulations are parametrized via the orbital parameters of the binary and the wind mass-loss rate of the donor star, while the mass accretion rate, temperature and luminosity of the white dwarf are computed self-consistently. We explore the parameter space of symbiotic binaries and compute luminosities of various astrophysically important emission lines. The line ratios are compared with traditional diagnostic diagrams used to distinguish symbiotic binaries from other types of sources, and it is shown how the binary system parameters shape these diagrams. In the significant part of the parameter space, the wind material is nearly fully ionized, except for the ‘shadow’ behind the donor star, so the white dwarf emission is typically freely escaping the system.
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Gladden, Graham P. "Marketing Ocean Travel: Cunard and the White Star Line, 1910–1940." Journal of Transport History 35, no. 1 (June 2014): 57–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/tjth.35.1.5.
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The Cunard shipping line regarded itself as the premier provider of transatlantic passenger transport. As the structure of society on both sides of the Atlantic changed between 1910 and 1940 the company sought to maintain its market amongst the richest of society whilst attracting new passengers from the emerging middle class. Accordingly, Cunard adjusted its marketing in advertisements, brochures, promotional films and ship designs. Two passenger classes, the well-established First Class and the new Tourist Third Class are used to show how the company used all these media to both influence potential passengers' travel decisions and to reassure them of a safe, comfortable voyage in surroundings appropriate to their status, tastes and expectations.
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Gies, Douglas R., Luqian Wang, and Robert Klement. "Gamma Cas Stars as Be+White Dwarf Binary Systems." Astrophysical Journal Letters 942, no. 1 (December 28, 2022): L6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/acaaa1.
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Abstract The origin of the bright and hard X-ray emission flux among the γ Cas subgroup of B-emission line (Be) stars may be caused by gas accretion onto an orbiting white dwarf (WD) companion. Such Be+WD binaries are the predicted outcome of a second stage of mass transfer from a helium star mass donor to a rapidly rotating mass gainer star. The stripped donor stars become small and hot white dwarfs that are extremely faint compared to their Be star companions. Here we discuss model predictions about the physical and orbital properties of Be+WD binaries, and we show that current observational results on γ Cas systems are consistent with the expected large binary frequency, companion faintness and small mass, and relatively high mass range of the Be star hosts. We determine that the companions are probably not stripped helium stars (hot subdwarf sdO stars), because these are bright enough to detect in ultraviolet spectroscopy, yet their spectroscopic signatures are not observed in studies of γ Cas binaries. Interferometry of relatively nearby systems provides the means to detect very faint companions including hot subdwarf and cooler main-sequence stars. Preliminary observations of five γ Cas binaries with the CHARA Array interferometer show no evidence of the companion flux, leaving white dwarfs as the only viable candidates for the companions.
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Rauch, Thomas, Sebastian Köper, Stefan Dreizler, Klaus Werner, Ulrich Heber, and I. Neill Reid. "The Rotational Velocity of Helium-rich Pre-White Dwarfs." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 215 (2004): 573–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900196214.
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Previous investigations on hydrogen-rich white dwarfs generally yield only very small rotational velocities (v sin i). We have analyzed line profiles in high-resolution optical spectra of eight hydrogen-deficient (pre-) white dwarfs and find deviations from the dominant Stark line broadening in five cases which, interpreted as an effect of stellar rotation, indicate projected rotational velocities of 40 – 70 km s–1. For the three least luminous stars upper limits of v sin i = 15 – 25 km s–1 could be derived only. The resulting velocities correlate with luminosity and mass. However, since the mass-loss rate is correlated to the luminosity of a star, the observed line profiles may be affected by a stellar wind as well. In the case of RX J2117.1+3412, this would solve discrepancies to results of pulsational modeling (v sin i ≈ 0).
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Manser, Christopher J., Boris T. Gänsicke, Siegfried Eggl, Mark Hollands, Paula Izquierdo, Detlev Koester, John D. Landstreet, et al. "A planetesimal orbiting within the debris disc around a white dwarf star." Science 364, no. 6435 (April 4, 2019): 66–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aat5330.
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Many white dwarf stars show signs of having accreted smaller bodies, implying that they may host planetary systems. A small number of these systems contain gaseous debris discs, visible through emission lines. We report a stable 123.4-minute periodic variation in the strength and shape of the Ca ii emission line profiles originating from the debris disc around the white dwarf SDSS J122859.93+104032.9. We interpret this short-period signal as the signature of a solid-body planetesimal held together by its internal strength.
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Hubeny, Ivan, and Thierry Lanz. "EUV Radiation from Hot Star Photospheres: Theory Versus Observations." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 152 (1996): 381–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100036265.
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The only stars other than white dwarfs whose photospheric extreme ultraviolet radiation has been detected are ϵ and β CMa. It is therefore of considerable theoretical interest to compare the EUVE observations of these two giant B stars to predicted spectra. However, both LTE and non-LTE very sophisticated line blanketed model atmospheres fail to match the observed flux. This failure leaves the stellar photosphere theory, even for seemingly “simple” objects as normal B giants were believed to be, in a rather dubious position. This paper briefly summarizes possible reasons for the failure of existing models to describe the EUVE observations of hot stars. In particular, we discuss the effects of uncertainties in the line blanketing, and the effects of the photosphere-wind interaction.
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Iłkiewicz, Krystian, Joanna Mikołajewska, Simone Scaringi, François Teyssier, Kiril A. Stoyanov, and Matteo Fratta. "SU Lyn - a transient symbiotic star." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 510, no. 2 (December 28, 2021): 2707–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab3637.
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ABSTRACT SU Lyn is a binary system composed of a white dwarf and a red giant star. Although it is known to be bright and variable at X-ray wavelengths, the optical counterpart of the source appeared as a single red giant without prominent emission lines. Because of the lack of optical features typical for interacting systems, the system was classified as a hidden symbiotic star. We present the results of optical monitoring of the system. While SU Lyn did not show substantial photometric variability, the spectroscopic observations revealed a complex behaviour. The system showed strong emission line variability, including P Cygni profiles, changing line emission environments, and variable reddening. Both X-ray and optical observations indicate that the components of SU Lyn were interacting only for a short time during the last twelve years of monitoring. For the first time, we showed that SU Lyn resembled a classical symbiotic star when it was X-ray bright, and remained hidden afterwards. We also discuss the current evolutionary status of the red giant, as well as possible future evolution of the system. We suggest that SU Lyn could be a progenitor of a classical, persistent symbiotic system.
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Walters, N., J. Farihi, T. R. Marsh, S. Bagnulo, J. D. Landstreet, J. J. Hermes, N. Achilleos, A. Wallach, M. Hart, and C. J. Manser. "A test of the planet–star unipolar inductor for magnetic white dwarfs." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 503, no. 3 (March 5, 2021): 3743–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab617.
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ABSTRACT Despite thousands of spectroscopic detections, only four isolated white dwarfs exhibit Balmer emission lines. The temperature inversion mechanism is a puzzle over 30 years old that has defied conventional explanations. One hypothesis is a unipolar inductor that achieves surface heating via ohmic dissipation of a current loop between a conducting planet and a magnetic white dwarf. To investigate this model, new time-resolved spectroscopy, spectropolarimetry, and photometry of the prototype GD 356 are studied. The emission features vary in strength on the rotational period, but in antiphase with the light curve, consistent with a cool surface spot beneath an optically thin chromosphere. Possible changes in the line profiles are observed at the same photometric phase, potentially suggesting modest evolution of the emission region, while the magnetic field varies by 10 per cent over a full rotation. These comprehensive data reveal neither changes to the photometric period, nor additional signals such as might be expected from an orbiting body. A closer examination of the unipolar inductor model finds points of potential failure: the observed rapid stellar rotation will inhibit current carriers due to the centrifugal force, there may be no supply of magnetospheric ions, and no antiphase flux changes are expected from ohmic surface heating. Together with the highly similar properties of the four cool, emission-line white dwarfs, these facts indicate that the chromospheric emission is intrinsic. A tantalizing possibility is that intrinsic chromospheres may manifest in (magnetic) white dwarfs, and in distinct parts of the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram based on structure and composition.
Books on the topic "White star line ltd"
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Wilson, Frances. How to survive the Titanic or, the Sinking of J. Bruce Ismay. London: Bloomsbury, 2011.
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A, Haas Charles, ed. Falling star: Misadventures of White Star Line ships. Wellingborough: Stephens, 1989.
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Ltd, Stuart &. Sons. Stuart crystal, White Star collection. Stourbridge, England: Stuart & Sons, 1998.
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McDougall, Robert. White Star liners: Picture postcards and memorabilia. Blackpool: The Author, 2002.
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Louden-Brown, Paul. The White Star Line: An illustrated history, 1869-1934. 2nd ed. Kent: Titanic Historical Society, 2001.
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The Titanic pocketbook: A passenger's guide : White Star Line. Annapolis, Md: Naval Institute Press, 2011.
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Destrais, Gérard. Le Titanic à Cherbourg, 10 avril 1912. Cherbourg: Isoète, 1998.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "White star line ltd"
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Read, Gordon, and Michael Stammers. "Shipowners." In Guide to the Records of Merseyside Maritime Museum, Volume 1. Liverpool University Press, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.5949/liverpool/9780969588573.003.0004.
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This final chapter lists every known shipowning business that has operated in Merseyside. As many of these companies swallowed up others, or fragmented into others, some of the histories have proven difficult to trace. This section lists each shipowning business alphabetically, and provides a short, useful introduction of the history of each company listed, in order to make the catalogue as navigable as possible. Examples of listings include (but are by no means limited to):- the African Steamship Co.; Allan Line; Booth Line; Thomas and John Brockleback Ltd.; Canadian Pacific; Cunard Line (the University of Liverpool also hosts a large amount of Cunard archives); Nelson Line; the Royal Mail Steam Packet Co.; and the White Star Line.
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Verne, Jules. "32. In Which Phileas Fogg Engages in a Direct Fight Against Ill-Fortune." In Around the World in Eighty Days. Oxford University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/owc/9780199552511.003.0033.
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The China seemed to have carried away Phileas Fogg’s last hope with it. None of the other steamships plying between America and Europe were of any use. Neither the French liners, nor the ships of the White Star Line,* nor the steamers of...
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Ramsey, Sonya Y. "“It Was like Putting Diapers on Gnats”." In Bertha Maxwell-Roddey, 34–65. University Press of Florida, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9780813069326.003.0003.
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After graduating from Johnson C. Smith University in 1954, Maxwell celebrated the promise of the Brown decision as she joined the faculty of segregated Alexander Street Elementary School. Mentored by her principal Jayne Hemphill and other Black women administrators, Maxwell formed the volunteer Charlotte Teachers Corps, a free summer enrichment program for children, which became a model for Head Start programs. This chapter discusses Maxwell’s peers, Charlotte Mecklenburg School’s (CMS) Kathleen Crosby and Elizabeth Randolph, as their careers become transformed by the War on Poverty and desegregation. After gaining the attention of CMS officials as the first Black person to receive a master’s degree in educational administration from UNC Greensboro in 1966, Maxwell led Morgan Elementary School as it closed as a part of desegregation plans. After encountering racism from parents and adoration from her students as the first African American principal of predominantly white Albemarle Elementary School, Maxwell left CMS.
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Demas, Lane. "Guns in their Golf Bags." In Game of Privilege. University of North Carolina Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469634227.003.0005.
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This chapter discusses golf and black militant movements in the late 1960s and 1970s, exploring how American black nationalist leaders and anticolonial movements in the Caribbean and Africa appropriated the symbolism of black golfers. Popular magazines like Jet and Ebony celebrated black players, organizations sponsored black golf tours throughout the African Diaspora, and a new generation of professionals—led by Lee Elder—more directly confronted racism in the PGA and sought access to its most exclusive enclaves. Meanwhile, the ongoing internationalization of the civil rights movement placed golf squarely within global debates over race and racial discrimination. The game’s popularity in South Africa and Rhodesia made it a target of the antiapartheid movement, especially as more African-born white professionals—like star Gary Player—traveled to play in PGA events. While fans have long been interested in Muhammad Ali’s popularity in Africa or the black protests surrounding the 1968 Mexico City Olympics, they have overlooked golf as a cite of militancy. Coinciding with Ali’s famous 1974 trip to Zaire, Elder’s trips to Africa—including his confrontations with apartheid at South African golf tournaments—and his integration of the Masters Golf Tournament in 1975 are just two examples.
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Le Zotte, Jennifer. "The Invention of Vintage Clothing." In From Goodwill to Grunge. University of North Carolina Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469631905.003.0005.
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This chapter recounts the process of upgrading certain older apparel, a transnational process led by the wealthy and famous, including rich collegians, titled nobility, and rock stars like Jimi Hendrix and Janis Joplin. Celebrations of affluence, elitism, individuality, and fame framed this path. The invention of "vintage" responded to a desire for visible distinction, one almost classically linked to affluence and in keeping with the 1899 thesis of economist Thorstein Veblen. For example, the 1956-7 college fad for old raccoon-fur coats from the 1920s was emblematic of a rising class of wealthy youth to whom chain department stores like Lord & Taylor eagerly appealed—and for whom the word “vintage” was first applied to clothing. Vintage exhibitionism usually disavowed political affiliations while reveling in bucking convention.
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Favors, Jelani M. "Epilogue." In Shelter in a Time of Storm, 237–52. University of North Carolina Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469648330.003.0009.
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The epilogue of this book examines the transformations that HBCUs have undergone since the mid 70s to present day. This era coincided with a migration of talented black family and students from black colleges to predominantly white institutions (PWI) as integration opened new doors and opportunities for black Americans. With years of underfunding and limited resources, HBCUs proved unable to match the facilities, infrastructure, and budgets of their PWI counterparts. Nevertheless, black colleges still experienced a cultural renaissance due to an embrace by American pop culture that was deeply influenced by the emerging sound and message of hip-hop. Black college life was dramatized on television and movies screens, and worn as a popular fashion brand by black entertainers and hip hop stars, which led to a fascination and often romanticization of HBCUs. The real challenge confronting black colleges was how to maintain financial solvency and repair a vast array of internal problems that resulted in public relation nightmares, while also continuing in their legacy of producing socially and politically conscious students who were prepared to serve as change agents in the black community.
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Carroll, Brian. "Symbolic Rupture." In The Circus Is in Town, 119–41. University Press of Mississippi, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.14325/mississippi/9781496836502.003.0005.
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Ceremonies and patriotic pageants are typically immune to symbolic challenge, but the rankling of political and corporate elites over the Colin Kaepernick-led protests that saw a number of National Football League (NFL) players kneeling during the traditional pre-game playing of the “Star-Spangled Banner” suggests that a line has been drawn as it pertains to the nation’s anthem. Despite safeguards embedded in the U.S. Constitution regarding freedom of speech and expression, Kaepernick, a former NFL quarterback who steered the San Francisco 49ers to the 2012 Super Bowl, has since the initial August 2016 protests been collectively (albeit unofficially) barred from participation following the end of that season while subsequently emerging as one of the primary voices in the social justice movements of the early twenty-first century. Challenging the presumption that silently ‘taking a knee’ during the anthem is tantamount to subversion, Brian Carroll explores the racial implications of this ongoing controversy that he contends mirrors the contemporary embrace of ‘reality television’ and is enveloped in a debased form of patriotism.
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Leibman, Laura Arnold. "Legacies." In Once We Were Slaves, 159–77. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197530474.003.0012.
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This chapter begins with daguerreotypes of Sarah and Isaac’s surviving children and then traces the second generation’s successes and failures. Sarah and Isaac’s children led varied lives: several became Civil War heroes, one helped stage a briefly successful coup in Nicaragua, one was one of America’s most famous early Jewish doctors, and another became the parnas (president) of Congregation Shearith Israel. They were also charitable: the only surviving daughter helped start a school for the Jewish poor. Most, however, were merchants like their fathers, but in exotic locales like Mexico and Canton, China. Travels made Jewish marriages harder, but one son married into New York’s Jewish elite. Isaac’s son followed his heart and converted to Christianity to marry his bride, though he waited until Isaac died to make it official. He made up for it in riches: Isaac’s only grandchild lived in a luxurious McKim, Mead & White mansion on Lexington Avenue.
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Kosicki, Piotr H. "The Limits of Catholic “Revolution”." In Catholics on the Barricades. Yale University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300225518.003.0009.
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This chapter reconstructs the demise of the Catholic utopia of “revolution” that dated back to Europe’s fin-de-siècle. This is a story of how Stalinism teased out and laid bare the exclusionary, integralist elements that had been part and parcel of Catholic “revolution” from the start. For the Catholic socialists of Dziś i Jutro (renamed PAX in 1952), the Stalinist years were, paradoxically, a moment of unparalleled possibility. While their countrymen languished in prisons or hid in forests, Poland’s Catholic socialists had the opportunity—with the support of Western European allies like Esprit’s Jean-Marie Domenach—to propose new avenues for engagement in public life. In the end, however, the 1954 publication of Bolesław Piasecki’s magnum opus Essential Questions met with condemnation from the Holy Office; his movement’s allies abroad, too, were on the defensive against Rome. At the same time, PAX’s postwar generation, led by Tadeusz Mazowiecki, broke dramatically with Stalinism. Integralism’s avatars—anti-Semitism and anti-Germanism—had guided transnational Catholic “revolution” away from Aquinas and toward Marx. In the end, PAX’s run as the definitive laboratory of Catholic “revolution” had ended, leaving integralism and heresy.
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Hájková, Anna. "The Age of Pearl Barley." In The Last Ghetto, 100–131. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190051778.003.0004.
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This chapter presents a hidden history of how food and hunger shaped the politics of everyday life in Terezín. It offers a social and cultural history of food, eating, and hunger, and of how food defined social structures and kinship. The German authorities consigned Jews to Terezín and restricted the supply of food. Shortages led to maldistribution, caused by the food categories introduced by the Jewish self-administration and corruption, which vastly increased rates of hunger and death. Maldistribution was a consequence of inmate society. The social hierarchy in Theresienstadt resulted in stark differences in access to food, with younger prisoners enjoying relatively good access while the underfed elderly population was deprived and had an extremely high mortality rate. Mass starvation in Theresienstadt was caused more by maldistribution than by lack of food.
Conference papers on the topic "White star line ltd"
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Li, Xin, Yong Song, Hongjun Yu, Chuncheng Che, and Hailin Xue. "Study on the Factors of Start-up White Line Caused by Coupled Electric Field in TFT LCD." In 2021 IEEE International Symposium on the Physical and Failure Analysis of Integrated Circuits (IPFA). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ipfa53173.2021.9617411.
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Maitland, Clay. "Lessons and Memories of the Titanic, (1912-2012)." In SNAME 10th International Conference and Exhibition on Performance of Ships and Structures in Ice. SNAME, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/icetech-2012-m-tt-1.
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The historical legacy of the TITANIC defies a brief manuscript of 20- plus pages. Much better, and more detailed work has been done to give the subject a “modern” context, notably by the United States Coast Guard in the Summer 2012 issue of Proceedings of the Marine Safety and Security Council, vol.69, no. 2, from which the following remarks draw heavily. The night of April 14, 1912 – the famous “night to remember,” chosen by Walter Lord as the title of his excellent history – presents us with many questions that will probably never be answered. Most of these are technical: the “what ifs” that, in one form or another, haunt us after, but usually not before, a disaster at sea. The importance of safety at sea is shown by the pictures available since 1985, showing the broken fragments of wreckage lying on the ocean floor south of Cape Race. Since the wreckage was located, we can see the pairs of empty shoes and boots that mark where human remains once lay. The TITANIC facts are familiar: at 11:40 P.M. on April 14, 1912, she collided with an iceberg. Two hours and 40 minutes later, the pride of the White Star Line began her two-mile plunge to the bottom of the North Atlantic. Of the 2,224 passengers and crew aboard, only 710 survived. While there have been sea disasters that produced greater loss of life, the sinking of TITANIC is probably the most famous and far-reaching maritime disaster in history. While the loss of TITANIC has been described as “perhaps the most documented and least commonly understood marine casualty in maritime history”, a positive result of the TITANIC disaster, and of course many other tragedies at sea that have occurred since, has been to establish a formal protocol of goals and procedures for analysis and investigation. These goals, from the point of view of the investigator/flag state, other governments, the International Maritime Organization (IMO), and other regulators, is the identification of unsafe conditions, in order to identify them in advance of future disasters. Today, responsible regimes charged with administration of the safety of life at sea are said to follow a philosophy of prevention first and, then, response. The 1985 discovery of the wreck of the TITANIC sparked a new round of forensic investigation. The bow section was found largely intact with the stern section in hundreds of pieces approximately 2,000 feet away. The realization that TITANIC’s hull had broken at some point during the sinking added a new understanding of the already famous disaster. The discovery of the wreck also provided new forensic evidence in the form of recovered artifacts and detailed surveys. It was these new clues and advances in computer-driven engineering tools that gave rise to a revision of previously held beliefs. The significance of the TITANIC, and the events that led to such a large loss of life, remain with us today.
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Rothenhöfer, Horst, and Andreas Manke. "Steam Line Integrity Analyses for LTO: Enhancing Credibility With Comprehensive Measurement." In ASME 2012 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2012-78839.
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The safety relevant components of nuclear power plant Neckarwestheim 1 — in service since 1976 — have been reviewed and updated for long-term operation (LTO). The actions included hardware retrofits as well as updates of analysis according to the latest state of the scientific and technical knowledge. For large piping such as the steam lines, the established pipes have been retained while the supports have been optimized. All shock absorbers (snubbers) including corresponding inertia have been eliminated resulting in a defined guidance and statically defined displacements. The integrity analyses for the optimized steam lines, including break preclusion, have been validated successfully with comprehensive measurements. The verification has delivered an extra high level of credibility, exceeding the “standard” requirements to achieve fitness for service in long-term operation. Measurement and validation, which are the main focus of this paper, range from monitoring of service loads to the static and dynamic measurements of pressure, local temperatures and displacements during initial start-up after implementation of the design modifications. The proper function of supports has been proved and the quality of the simulation models has been confirmed. Some expected and some unexpected dynamic events have been detected during blow-down tests. It was demonstrated that the amplitudes of all dynamic loads stay within limits. The validation of analyses with comprehensive measurement has been an important proof of quality and delivered the redundancy required for the integrity of a nuclear power plant in service, enhancing the high level of safety even more.
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Nukala, Murthy V., Steven D. Eppinger, and Daniel E. Whitney. "Generalized Models of Design Iteration Using Signal Flow Graphs." In ASME 1995 Design Engineering Technical Conferences collocated with the ASME 1995 15th International Computers in Engineering Conference and the ASME 1995 9th Annual Engineering Database Symposium. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1995-0175.
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Abstract Changing customer preferences, demand for quality and new technologies have led to very short product life cycles. This requires firms to have short product development lead times while keeping product cost low and quality high in order to stay competitive. In this context, we focus on improved understanding of design iterations. We are creating tools for modeling product development projects in order to predict the performance of product development organizations. In this paper, signal flow graphs are presented as a flexible tool for design process modeling. Illustrated using an industrial example, key project performance metrics including the probability distribution of lead time, and to identify key drivers of lead time.
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Roddy, Robert Forrest. "TITANIC - The Design History, Forensic Analysis of the Sinking, and Aftermath." In SNAME Maritime Convention. SNAME, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/smc-2021-015.
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After more than one hundred years the Titanic is still probably the most remembered ship in the world. This paper briefly discusses the history of the Titanic from why the White Star Line decided to build the Olympic class ships through the recently signed treaty protecting the ship. It is shown that many of the design features of the ship were far ahead of the rest of the industry but that some compromises were against the naval architect’s desires. A number of myths concerning the ship are dispelled. The circumstances leading up to the collision with the iceberg and the sinking of the ship are examined followed by an analysis of the sinking; the discovery of the ship; and finally after almost thirty-five years, a treaty to protect the ship.
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Abedul Talik, Hamimah, Hayati Hussien, M. Aiman Afif M Wazir, and Syahida Husna Azman. "Pipeline Project Cost Optimization by Refining the Design Parameter Based on the Associated Concerns." In Offshore Technology Conference Asia. OTC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/31635-ms.
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Abstract Fully-rated design is often opts when the well's pressure is within #1500 range since the pipeline cost is perceived cheaper during the early design stage due to inadequate design detailing. Initially, a 16-inch carbon steel pipeline was designed based on a constant maximum closed-in tubing head pressure (CITHP) of 219 barg with 90 °C design temperature based on flowing tubing head temperature (FTHT) plus ~10 °C margins. This arrived with a pipeline wall thickness (WT) of 25.4 mm for the riser and 20.62 mm for the subsea pipeline. The pipeline also required three (3) buckle triggers to manage lateral buckling. To make matter worst, the specified minimum design temperature was -41 °C. This would lead to unnecessary project cost especially when this maximum CITHP would only happen during the first month of production and is expected to deplete as low as 58 barg towards the end of 15-years production life while the FTHT of 77.1 °C that led to 90 °C maximum design temperature would only be seen at the topside header during a pipeline linepacking scenario due to failure of shutdown valve which led to production's blocked discharge. This paper will relate a cost reduction exercise by performing a detailed flow assurance analysis to optimize the design parameters to avoid the requirement of buckle triggers and excessive linepipe testing requirements for minimum temperature that could not be guaranteed by the manufacturer. Detailed hydraulic analysis was conducted based on final pipeline data to develop pressure and temperature profile. To determine the pipeline maximum design temperature, the worst-case scenario i.e., a combination of maximum CITHP and associated temperature during line packing, was considered as the governing case. However, transient analysis was performed with the point of measurement taken at the downstream choke valve, which normally has a reduced temperature as compared with FTHT. Different production wells’ start-up method was proposed to analyze various possible steps to avoid very low temperature that derived the minimum design temperature. For both maximum and minimum temperature, the simulation models were refined with detailed dimension of topside and pipeline system incorporating each important point to obtain more accurate pipeline temperature at the inlet and other important locations. Inner wall temperature was used instead of fluid temperature. Pipeline maximum design temperature was reduced from 90 °C to 81 °C, eliminating the requirement of buckle triggers, while minimum design temperature was increased from -41 °C to -15 °C for the riser and 0 °C for the subsea pipeline. Additionally, the riser's wall thickness was optimized by taking advantage of the depleting CITHP to reduce the thickness from 25.4 mm to 22.23 mm to suit magnetic field leakage (MFL) intelligent pigging (IP) inspection tool currently available in the market. The estimated cost reduction from the exercise was at least around 5.4 million ringgits. The initially selected 16-inch pipeline with 25.4 mm WT also was not suitable for both electric resistance welding (ERW) and longitudinal submerged arc welding (LSAW) manufacturing methods. Additionally, available information on in-line pipeline inspection using MFL inspection tool was only suitable up to 24.64 mm WT.
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Pothana, S., G. Wilkowski, S. Kalyanam, J. K. Hong, and C. J. Sallaberry. "Determination of Crack-Initiation in Fracture Toughness Testing Using an Experimental Key-Curve Methodology." In ASME 2021 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2021-61812.
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Abstract A new approach was implemented to confirm the start of ductile tearing relative to assessments by other methods such as direct-current Electric Potential (d-c EP) method in coupon specimens. This approach was developed on the Key-Curve methodology by Ernst/Joyce and is similar to the ASTM E-1820 Load Normalization procedure used to determine J-R curves directly from load versus Load-Line Displacement (LLD) record of the test specimen. It is consistent with Deformation Plasticity relationships for fully plastic behavior. Using this Experimental Key-Curve method, crack initiation can be determined directly from load versus LLD data or load versus Crack-Mouth Opening Displacement (CMOD) obtained from a fracture test without the need for additional instrumentation required for crack initiation detection. It is based on the fact that plastic deformation of homogeneous metals at the crack tip follows a power-law function until the crack tearing initiates. Crack tearing initiation is determined at the point where the power-law fit to the load versus plastic part of CMOD or LLD curve deviates from the total experimental load versus plastic-CMOD or LLD curve. The procedure for fitting of the data requires some care to be exercised such that the fitted data is beyond the elastic region and early small-scale plastic region of the Load-CMOD or Load-LLD curve but include data before crack initiation. An iterative regression analysis was done to achieve this, which is shown in this paper. The iterative fitting in this region typically results with a coefficient of determination (R2) values that are greater than 0.990. This method can be either used in conjunction with other methods such as direct-current Electric Potential (d-c EP) or unloading-compliance methods as a secondary (or primary) confirmation of crack tearing initiation (and even for crack growth); or can be used alone when other methods cannot be used. Furthermore, when using instrumentation methods for determining crack-initiation such as d-c EP method in a fracture toughness test, it is good to have a secondary confirmation of the initiation point in case of instrumentation malfunction or high signal to noise ratio in the measured d-c EP signals. In addition, the Experimental Key-Curve procedure provides relatively smooth data for the fitting procedure, while unloading-compliance data when used to get small crack growth values frequently has significant variability, which is part of the reason that JIC by ASTM E1820 is determined using an offset with some growth past the very start of ductile tearing. In this work, the Experimental Key-Curve method had been successfully used to determine crack tearing initiation and demonstrate the applicability for different fracture toughness specimen geometries such as SEN(T), and C(T) specimens. In all the cases analyzed, the Experimental Key-Curve method gave consistent results that were in good agreement with other crack tearing initiation measuring method such as d-c EP but seemed to result in less scatter.
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Ramis, Gianguido, Guido Busca, Tania Montanari, Michele Sisani, and Umberto Costantino. "Ni-Co-Zn-Al Catalysts From Hydrotalcite-Like Precursors for Hydrogen Production by Ethanol Steam Reforming." In ASME 2010 8th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2010-33034.
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A series of well crystallized Ni-Co-Zn-Al LDHs materials has been prepared by the urea hydrolysis method as precursors of mixed oxide catalysts for the Ethanol Steam Reforming (ESR) reaction. The calcination of the layered precursors gives rise to high surface area mixed oxides, mainly a mixture of rock-salt phase (NiO), wurtzite phase (ZnO) and spinel phase. Both precursors and mixed oxides have been throughtfully characterized and the steam reforming of ethanol has been investigated over the calcined catalysts in flow reactor and in-situ FT-IR experiments. The data here reported provide evidence of the good catalytic activity of Co-Zn-Al and Co-Ni-Zn-Al catalysts prepared from hydrotalcite-like LHD precursors for ethanol steam reforming. At 823 K the most active Co/Ni catalyst containains a predominant spinel phase with composition near Zn0.58Ni0.42[Al0.44Co0.56]2O4 and small amounts of NiO and ZnO. On the other side, at 873 K the selectivity to hydrogen increases with cobalt content. In particular, the presence of cobalt increases selectivity to H2 and CO2 and decreases selectivity to methane in the low temperature range 720–870 K. The most selective catalyst is the Ni-free Co-Zn-Al mixed oxide essentially constituted by a single spinel type phase Zn0.55Co0.45[Al0.45Co0.55]2O4. Cobalt catalysts appear consequently to behave better than nickel based catalysts in this temperature range. The key feature for high selectivity to hydrogen is proposed to be associated to a stability of a relatively high oxidation state at the catalyst surface, the most relevant selectivity determining step being constituted by the evolution of surface acetate species. In fact, over oxidized catalyst surface the acetate species evolve producing carbon dioxide and hydrogen while over a more reduced surface they evolve giving rise to methane and COx. Water is supposed to have the main role of allowing surface sites to stay in an unreduced state at least in the temperature range 720–870 K.
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Dallag, Mohammed, Mustafa Bawazir, and Ali Al-Ali. "Digital Solution to Extend the Life of Wells with Continuous Corrosion Monitoring Based on Machine Learning Algorithms." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. IPTC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-22472-ms.
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Abstract Well integrity in the oilfield is one of the challenges that petroleum engineers face, as they seek to monitor well corrosion in the field to optimize well performance. Most of these fields can be categorized as brownfields, with some of the wells considered aged and have expected integrity issues. To achieve sustainable production targets with cost-effective and safe operations from these fields requires a close monitoring of the integrity of all elements involved in the production chain. Addressing these challenges requires the engineers to coordinate and analyze several data elements, including casedhole, openhole, reservoir, well, and production data from multiple sources. Another challenge is to create and automate a corrosion workflow that saves the engineers’ time and improves efficiency. In this paper, we introduce an innovative workflow that uses the historical corrosion data while integrating the multiple production and reservoir variables. The innovative approach uses machine learning (ML) algorithms to provide a powerful tool for workover (W/O) candidate selection and for optimizing the corrosion evaluation frequency, which are required in different areas of the fields. Different ML methods (random forest classification and neural net) were applied on training data. Different models were created, and the best model will be used. This offered key insights on the rate of corrosion and corrosion patterns. Further, the developed workflow was designed to be self-sustaining and acting as a surveillance tool for monitoring the integrity of the wells. The first step of the workflow was to start with organizing and auditing the available corrosion data, followed by a review and analysis of existing openhole, casedhole, production, and reservoir engineering data. This approach led us to understand the extent and severity of corrosion in terms of the corrosion rate and the corrosion index. The corrosion logs were digitally interpreted depth-wise in order to explore the maximum metal loss for each interval. New animated conformance corrosion maps were created. The successful diagnosis through data analytics in a modern integrated software platform will assist in corrosion monitoring and decision-making. The multiple corrosion maps can be animated to visualize the current corrosion profile and predict the corrosion over time, in addition to ranking the wells for W/O candidate selection.
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Grigoriev, Mikhail, Chet Swiatek, and Jim Hitt. "Design and Development of Advanced Three-Dimensional Non-Periodic Diffusers for Centrifugal Compressors." In ASME Turbo Expo 2014: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2014-26487.
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Recent changes in the global economy have significantly impacted the air separation market. Companies traditionally focused upon initial capital expenditures, have shifted their mindset towards total life cycle costs. As a primary component in the air separation process, the compressor has been recognized as a significant contributor to life cycle costs of an air separation facility. Accordingly, market expectations have shifted towards more efficient compressor designs to reduce the overall power consumption. This paper highlights the development efforts at Cameron’s Compression Systems to design advanced 3D cascade diffusers, leading to the development of compressors with higher aerodynamic efficiencies. While the concept of matching the diffuser design towards the local flow field is not new, the implementation of this concept has been significantly hindered by a lack of understanding with regard to impeller discharge conditions. Furthermore, the tools necessary to explore these specifics either did not exist, or where prohibitive in terms of both cost and time. Over the past 20 years, great advances have been made in the area of computational engineering. The advancements in Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) tools have led to a better understanding of the transitional impeller flow fields. Furthermore, the dramatic progress in cheaper high-end computers has facilitated the design and development of sculpted three-dimensional diffusers within reasonable time frames and at relatively low cost. Recently, Cameron has deployed advanced sculpted 3D diffusers on limited production designs. This process involves a heavy utilization of STAR-CCM+ for performance analyses of centrifugal stages with various diffuser geometries. The CFD analyses vary from relatively simple steady state analyses with single impeller and single diffuser passages using indirect (mixing plane) interfaces to full stage unsteady simulations involving full inlet, impeller, diffuser and volute with a discharge pipe. This paper discusses a range of issues involved in performing CFD analyses for complex diffuser geometries. We show how CFD analyses are used to improve the aerodynamic performance of stages with respect to the regular low solidity cascade 2D diffusers. The paper provides results of comparative studies of the computational analyses with the aerodynamically tested data for the stages using both the regular low solidity 2D diffusers and sculpted non-periodic 3D diffusers. The test results confirm predicted improvements in compressor efficiency using sculpted non-periodic 3D diffusers over regular 2D diffusers by as much as 2% for peak efficiency. The paper discusses stage improvements due to use of 3D sculpted non-periodic diffusers.