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Journal articles on the topic 'White spot lesions and braces'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Buschang, Peter H., David Chastain, Cameron L. Keylor, Doug Crosby, and Katie C. Julien. "Incidence of white spot lesions among patients treated with clear aligners and traditional braces." Angle Orthodontist 89, no. 3 (December 17, 2018): 359–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/073118-553.1.

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ABSTRACT Objectives: To compare the incidence of white spot lesions (WSLs) among patients treated with aligners and those treated with traditional braces. Materials and Methods: A group of 244 aligner patients (30.4 ± 14 years) was compared to a group of 206 patients (29.2 ± 11.5 years) treated with traditional fixed braces. Consecutive cases in the late mixed or permanent dentitions who had high-quality pre- and posttreatment digital photographs available were included in the study. Each set of photographs was independently evaluated by two investigators to determine pretreatment oral hygiene (OH), fluorosis, and WSLs, as well as changes in OH and WSLs during treatment. Results: Approximately 1.2% of the aligner patients developed WSLs, compared to 26% of the traditionally treated patients. The numbers of WSLs that developed were also significantly (P < .001) less among the aligner patients. The aligner patients developed three new WSLs, while the traditionally treated patients developed 174 WSLs. The incidence of WSLs was greater for the maxillary than for the mandibular teeth, and it was greater for the canines than for the incisors. For the patients treated with traditional braces, fair or poor pretreatment OH, worsening of OH during treatment, preexisting WSLs, and longer treatment duration significantly (P < .05) increased the risk of developing WSLs during treatment. Conclusions: Patients treated with aligners have less risk of developing WSLs than do patients treated with traditional braces, which could be partially due to shorter treatment duration, or better pretreatment OH.

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2

Dalessandri, Domenico, Marino Bindi, Francesca Massetti, Gaetano Isola, Marco Migliorati, Luca Visconti, Corrado Paganelli, and Stefano Bonetti. "Effectiveness of a Selective Etching Technique in Reducing White Spots Formation around Lingual Brackets: A Prospective Cohort Clinical Study." Coatings 11, no. 5 (May 14, 2021): 572. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11050572.

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The risk of developing white spot lesions (WSLs) after orthodontic treatment with lingual brackets is generally considered lower than with labial ones, even if plaque accumulation is frequently higher due to the increased difficulty level in oral hygiene maintenance. In this prospective clinical study, selective enamel etching technique effectiveness in reducing plaque accumulation and WSLs was tested. Thirty patients were bonded with a split-mouth approach: two randomly selected opposite quadrants were used as the test sides, using customized plastic etching guides, and the other two as control sides, applying traditional direct etching methods. The plaque presence around the braces was recorded after 1, 3, 6, and 12 months according to a lingual plaque accumulation index (LPAI), as was the presence of WSLs. PAI measured values were significantly higher in the control sides during the observation period. Test and control sides differed significantly for new WSL onset only after 12 months of treatment. Therefore, the present research demonstrated that this guided enamel etching technique allowed for significant reduction in plaque accumulation around the lingual brackets and reduced onset of white spots after one year of treatment.

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3

Hostert, N. D., C. L. Blomquist, S. L. Thomas, D. G. Fogle, and R. M. Davis. "First Report of Ramularia carthami, Causal Agent of Ramularia Leaf Spot of Safflower, in California." Plant Disease 90, no. 9 (September 2006): 1260. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pd-90-1260c.

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Ramularia leaf spot was identified in several fields of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) near Gridley, CA in June 2005. Numerous circular to irregularly shaped brown lesions, 3 to 10 mm in diameter, on both sides of leaves and flower bracts resulted in stunted plants and reduced seed production. In two of the fields, nearly all plants were affected, yields were severely reduced, and the crops were abandoned. Ramularia carthami Zaprom. was identified on the basis of morphology of reproductive structures on colonized leaves (1). Hyaline, thin-walled, aseptate conidiophores (2.6 to 4.3 × 28.8 to 72.0 μm) were produced in fan-like fascicles borne on hemispherical stromata (21.6 to 31.2 × 24.0 to 36.0 μm). Hyaline, smooth, cylindrical to fusiform conidia (7.2 to 12.0 × 19.2 to 40.8 μm), 1 to 3 septate or rarely aseptate were produced singly or in short chains. The fungus was isolated from symptomatic leaves and bracts surface disinfected for 1 min in 0.5% sodium hypochlorite and incubated at 25°C on acidified potato dextrose agar (APDA). Colonies of the fungus were white with irregular margins and were slow growing. After 3 weeks, colonies were approximately 3 cm in diameter. Conidia were not produced in culture. To conduct pathogenicity tests, three 3-week-old safflower plants grown in the greenhouse were sprayed with an aqueous suspension of mycelial fragments of the fungus. Inoculum was produced by macerating a 3-cm-diameter APDA culture of the fungus in 30 ml of water. Noninoculated control plants were sprayed with water. All plants were covered with plastic bags for 48 h on a greenhouse bench. Greenhouse temperatures ranged from a minimum of 20°C to a maximum of 27°C. After 7 days, all inoculated plants developed symptoms, and the fungus was reisolated from lesions. Conidia from lesions were suspended in water and diluted to a concentration of 1 × 105 conidia/ml and used as inoculum for additional pathogenicity tests. Three plants were sprayed with the conidial suspension or water as above. Lesions developed on the inoculated plants in 7 days, and the fungus was reisolated. No symptoms developed on plants sprayed with water. Both pathogenicity tests were repeated once. Sequence of the internal transcribed spacer region of rDNA of the fungus was deposited in GenBank (Accession No. DQ466083). To our knowledge, this is the first confirmed report of Ramularia leaf spot of safflower caused by R. carthami in California. Reference: (1) Morbi Plant. Script. Sect. Phytopath. Hort. Bot. Prince. USSR 15:142, 1926.

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4

Driscoll, Frank A. "WHITE-SPOT LESIONS." Journal of the American Dental Association 143, no. 12 (December 2012): 1285–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive.2012.0079.

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5

Croll, Theodore P. "WHITE-SPOT LESIONS." Journal of the American Dental Association 144, no. 12 (December 2013): 1332–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive.2013.0063.

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6

Hamdan, Ahmad M., Eser Tüfekçi, Bhavna Shroff, and Steven J. Lindauer. "WHITE-SPOT LESIONS: Authors‘ response." Journal of the American Dental Association 143, no. 12 (December 2012): 1286–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive.2012.0080.

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7

Senestraro, Seth V., Jennifer Crowe, Alex Vo, David Covell, Jack Ferracane, Mansen Wang, and Greg Huang. "WHITE-SPOT LESIONS: Authors' response." Journal of the American Dental Association 144, no. 12 (December 2013): 1334. http://dx.doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive.2013.0064.

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8

Kırmızıgül, İnci, and Gülsüm Duruk. "Treatment methods of white spot lesions." Journal of Ege University School of Dentistry 40, no. 3 (2019): 193–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.5505/eudfd.2019.17363.

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9

Joshi, Surabhi, and Chintan Joshi. "Management of Enamel White Spot Lesions." Journal of Contemporary Dentistry 3, no. 3 (2013): 133–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10031-1052.

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ABSTRACT Dental caries is a highly prevalent multifactorial disease and is a major public health problem. A goal of modern dentistry is to manage enamel white spot lesions noninvasively and effectively an attempt to prevent disease progression and improve esthetics, strength and function. The progression of caries has been tried to be curbed at initial stage only but for that only use of fluoride application was suggested but with recent developments in dental materials other remineralization options as well as noninvasive masking procedure can be performed to attain best result. This article reviews all the materials and techniques mentioned in the literature to manage the world's most common disease in its initial stage only. How to cite this article Joshi S, Joshi C. Management of Enamel White Spot Lesions. J Contemp Dent 2013;3(3):133-137.

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10

., a. "White spot Lesions: Pediatric dentistry approach." International Journal of Applied Dental Sciences 8, no. 2 (April 1, 2022): 172–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.22271/oral.2022.v8.i2c.1506.

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11

Pathak, Sidhant, KorishettarBasavaraj Roopa, Parameswarappa Poornima, and IndavaraEregowda Neena. "White spot lesions: A literature review." Journal of Pediatric Dentistry 3, no. 1 (2015): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2321-6646.151839.

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12

Willmot, Derrick. "White Spot Lesions After Orthodontic Treatment." Seminars in Orthodontics 14, no. 3 (September 2008): 209–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.sodo.2008.03.006.

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13

Sarkis, Hilda, Maroun Ghaleb, and Sarah Dabbagh. "White Spot Lesions : Resin Infiltration Technique." International Arab Journal of Dentistry 8, no. 1 (January 2017): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.12816/0034839.

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14

Guzmán-Armstrong, Sandra, Jane Chalmers, and John J. Warren. "White spot lesions: Prevention and treatment." American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 138, no. 6 (December 2010): 690–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2010.07.007.

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15

Murphy, Ian, and Mohammad Owaise Sharif. "A Spot of Bother: Orthodontic-associated White Spot Lesions." Dental Update 49, no. 3 (March 2, 2022): 220–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/denu.2022.49.3.220.

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White spot lesions (WSL) are a commonly reported risk of fixed appliance orthodontic treatment. This article reviews the incidence, aetiology and effectiveness of prevention and management of WSLs with a relevant case report. An adolescent male had fixed-appliance treatment and developed WSLs, despite prevention advice and careful monitoring, the WSLs progressed and ultimately led to the need for early removal of his orthodontic appliances. Removal of appliances prevented further damage and allowed partial resolution of the WSLs. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Careful monitoring of a patient's dental health during orthodontic treatment is essential; however, if oral health deteriorates, and demineralization occurs, rapid decisive action is necessary to limit irreversible damage.

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16

Akin, Mehmet, and Faruk Ayhan Basciftci. "Can white spot lesions be treated effectively?" Angle Orthodontist 82, no. 5 (September 2012): 770–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/090711.578.1.

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17

Beerens, M. W. "Treatment of post-orthodontic white spot lesions." Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Tandheelkunde 127, no. 12 (December 4, 2020): 705–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5177/ntvt.2020.127.12.20067.

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18

Yadav, Kanika, Idade Noronha de Ataide, Marina Fernandes, and Rajan Lambor. "Minimally invasive treatment of white spot lesions." Indian Journal of Oral Health and Research 2, no. 2 (2016): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2393-8692.196158.

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19

Bishara, Samir E., and Adam W. Ostby. "White Spot Lesions: Formation, Prevention, and Treatment." Seminars in Orthodontics 14, no. 3 (September 2008): 174–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.sodo.2008.03.002.

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20

Smyth, Robert S. D., and Joseph H. Noar. "Preventing white spot lesions with fluoride pastes." Evidence-Based Dentistry 20, no. 3 (September 2019): 88–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41432-019-0041-6.

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21

Stafford, Gary L. "Fluoride varnish may improve white spot lesions." Evidence-Based Dentistry 12, no. 4 (December 2011): 104–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.ebd.6400823.

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22

Kim, Susan, Mina Katchooi, Burcu Bayiri, Mehmet Sarikaya, Anna M. Korpak, and Greg J. Huang. "Predicting improvement of postorthodontic white spot lesions." American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 149, no. 5 (May 2016): 625–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2015.10.025.

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23

Angriawan, Irene Pratami, Haru Setyo Anggani, Haru Setyo Anggani, Nada Ismah, and Nada Ismah. "COLOR CHANGES OF POST-DEBONDING WHITE SPOT LESION AFTER MICROABRASION TECHNIQUE WITH FLUORIDE AND CASEIN PHOSPHOPEPTIDE-AMORPHOUS CALCIUM PHOSPHATE APPLICATION." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 11, no. 13 (April 26, 2018): 196. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11s1.26605.

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Objective: The prevalence of enamel demineralization among patients after orthodontic treatment is about 50%, which begins with the formation of white spot lesions. The presence of these lesions causes esthetic problems. The aim of this study was to quantify the color changes in post-debonding white spot lesions after microabrasion technique with fluoride and casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) application.Materials and Methods: This study used 42 first premolar teeth that had been extracted, then were soaked for 96 h in a demineralization solution (pH 4, 37°C) to form an artificial white spot lesions. Samples were randomly divided into three treatment groups (n=14): (A) Microabrasion technique only; (B) microabrasion technique with 10% CPP-ACP paste application; and (C) microabrasion technique with 1.23% APF gel application. All groups were assigned to pH cycling for 10 days. The color change was determined using spectrophotometer at 3 different time points, which were measured before and after production of the artificial white spot lesions, and after the artificial white spot lesions were treated.Results: This study showed that there was a significant difference in the color of the artificial white spot lesions after microabrasion technique with CPP-ACP application.Conclusion: Microabrasion technique with CPP-ACP application was giving better result in changing the color of white spot lesions than only microabrasion technique and microabrasion technique with fluoride application.

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24

Nascimento, Patrícia Layane de Menezes Macêdo, Micaelle Tenório Guedes Fernandes, Fabricio Eneas Diniz de Figueiredo, and André Luis Faria-e-Silva. "Fluoride-Releasing Materials to Prevent White Spot Lesions around Orthodontic Brackets: A Systematic Review." Brazilian Dental Journal 27, no. 1 (February 2016): 101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440201600482.

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Abstract The relation between orthodontic fixed appliances use and enamel demineralization is well established. Different preventive approaches have been suggested to this problem, but controversy remains about which is the best. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review of clinical trials that investigated the effectiveness of materials containing fluorides to lute brackets or cover the bonding interface in order to inhibit the development and progression of white spot lesions. The null hypothesis was that fluoride materials do not affect the incidence of white spot lesions around brackets. A MEDLINE search was conducted for randomized clinical trials evaluating the development of white spot lesions in patients using fixed orthodontic appliances, followed by meta-analysis comparing the results for patients for whom dental materials containing fluorides were used (experimental group) to those for whom these materials were not used (control group). The pooled relative risk of developing white spot lesions for the experimental group was 0.42 (95% confidence interval: 0.25 to 0.72); hence, when fluoride-releasing materials are used, the patient has 58% less risk of white spot lesion development. Regarding white spot lesion extent, the pooled mean difference between the experimental and control groups was not statistically significant (-0.12; 95% confidence interval: -0.29 to 0.04). In conclusion, the results of the present systematic review suggest that fluoride-releasing materials can reduce the risk of white spot lesions around brackets. However, when white spot lesions had already occurred, there is no evidence that fluoride-releasing materials reduce the extent of these lesions.

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25

Maharani, Elfira, Dyah Karunia, and Pinandi Sri Pudyani. "The effect of fixed orthodontic treatment with Edgewise and Straightwire techniques on white spot lesions incidence and accumulation of Streptococcus mutans bacteria." Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) 53, no. 3 (September 15, 2020): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/j.djmkg.v53.i3.p170-174.

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Background: Fixed orthodontic appliances, such as Edgewise and Straightwire techniques, can increase the amount of plaque retention containing Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans), which can lead to white spot lesions. Purpose: The aim of this study is to analyse the correlation of fixed orthodontic treatment with Edgewise and Straightwire techniques on the incidence of white spot lesions and accumulation of S. mutans. Methods: The samples consisted of three groups: control group (n=8), Edgewise technique group, and Straightwire technique group. We observed the samples at the sixth month and eighth month of the treatment, after the installation of the fixed orthodontic appliances. The observation of white spot lesions with caries detector was applied in all regions. Bacterial swabs were acquired in the lateral incisor region, then a bacterial culture procedure was carried out on selective media of S. mutans, and then a bacterial count was performed. The data was analysed using two-way ANOVA, the post-hoc least square differences test, and the Pearson’s correlation test. Results: The number of white spot lesions in the Edgewise group was higher than in the Straightwire group in the sixth and eighth month of treatment with insignificant difference (p>0.05). The number of S. mutans bacteria increased in all groups, but there were no significant differences (p>0.05). There was no significant relationship between the number of white spot lesions with the accumulation of S. mutans between groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: The Edgewise and Straightwire techniques increase the incidence of white spot lesions but accumulation of S. mutans with the incidence of white spot lesions has no relationship.

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26

Sadikoglu, Ismail Serhat. "White Spot Lesions: Recent Detection and Treatment Methods." Cyprus Journal of Medical Sciences 5, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 260–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5152/cjms.2020.1902.

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27

Coelho, Ana, Viviana Macho, Manuel Ferreira, and Eunice Carrilho. "Treatment of White Spot Lesions by Resin Infiltration." Annual Research & Review in Biology 4, no. 24 (January 10, 2014): 3970–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/arrb/2014/12257.

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28

Belli, Renan, Christos Rahiotis, Edward W. Schubert, Luiz N. Baratieri, Anselm Petschelt, and Ulrich Lohbauer. "Wear and morphology of infiltrated white spot lesions." Journal of Dentistry 39, no. 5 (May 2011): 376–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2011.02.009.

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29

Neuhaus, Klaus W., Martina Graf, Adrian Lussi, and Christos Katsaros. "Late Infiltration of Post-orthodontic White Spot Lesions." Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics / Fortschritte der Kieferorthopädie 71, no. 6 (November 2010): 442–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00056-010-1038-0.

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30

Paula, Anabela Baptista Pereira, Ana Rita Fernandes, Ana Sofia Coelho, Carlos Miguel Marto, Manuel Marques Ferreira, Francisco Caramelo, Francisco do Vale, and Eunice Carrilho. "Therapies for White Spot Lesions—A Systematic Review." Journal of Evidence Based Dental Practice 17, no. 1 (March 2017): 23–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jebdp.2016.10.003.

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31

Cochrane, N. J., P. Anderson, G. R. Davis, G. G. Adams, M. A. Stacey, and E. C. Reynolds. "An X-ray Microtomographic Study of Natural White-spot Enamel Lesions." Journal of Dental Research 91, no. 2 (November 17, 2011): 185–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022034511429570.

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White-spot enamel lesions are an early presentation of dental caries and are ideally managed by non-invasive procedures. The aim of this study was to characterize white-spot enamel lesions by x-ray microtomography. In particular, mineral content across the lesion from the surface to the base of the lesion was measured and surface layers defined. Molars with long buccal white-spot enamel lesions were collected, photographed, and each sectioned to produce 3 500-µm-thick sections. The sections were mounted and imaged by quantitative x-ray microtomography at a 15-µm voxel size. We analyzed line profiles through the middle of each 3D image to determine mineral content and depth. The surface layer thickness of the lesions ranged from 35 to 130 µm, with the maximum mineral content in this layer being 74% to 100% of that of sound enamel. The average mineral content across the lesions ranged from 1.73 to 2.48 g/cm3. No significant differences could be found between lesions clinically categorized as active and those categorized as inactive. However, for depth-matched active and inactive lesions, the active lesions exhibited a more porous surface layer than the inactive lesions. White-spot enamel lesions are highly variable, with surface layers of considerable thickness.

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32

Passalini, Paula, Tatiana Kelly da Silva Fidalgo, Erika Machado Caldeira, Rogerio Gleiser, Matilde da Cunha Gonçalves Nojima, and Lucianne Cople Maia. "Preventive effect of fluoridated orthodontic resins subjected to high cariogenic challenges." Brazilian Dental Journal 21, no. 3 (2010): 211–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-64402010000300006.

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The aim of the present study was to evaluate the in vitro caries preventive effect of fluoridated orthodontic resins under pH cycling with two types of acid demineralizing saliva. Brackets were bonded to 60 bovine incisors, using either Transbond Plus Color Change (n=30) or Orthodontic Fill Magic (n=30) orthodontic resins. Each group of resin was divided into 3 subgroups (n=10): immersion in remineralizing artificial saliva for 14 days, pH cycling with high cariogenic challenge in acid saliva with pH 5.5, and acid saliva with pH 4.5. After 14 days of pH cycling, the caries preventive effect on the development of white spot lesion was evaluated considering the presence of inhibition zones to white spot lesions using two scores: 0= absence and 1= presence. Kruskal Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests (a=0.05) were used. Formation of white spot lesions was observed only under pH cycling using acid saliva with pH 4.5; with Transbond Plus Color Change being significantly more effective (p<0.05) in preventing the appearance of white spot lesions effect than Orthodontic Fill Magic. The acidity of the demineralizing solution influenced the formation of white spot lesions around orthodontic brackets under highly cariogenic conditions. Transbond Plus Color Change resin presented higher caries preventive effect than Orthodontic Fill Magic.

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33

Cosma, Lavinia Luminiţa, Raluca Diana Şuhani, Anca Mesaroş, and Mîndra Eugenia Badea. "Current treatment modalities of orthodontically induced white spot lesions and their outcome – a literature review." Medicine and Pharmacy Reports 92, no. 1 (January 27, 2019): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15386/cjmed-1090.

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Introduction. White spot lesion is a demineralization of the enamel that appears as a white spot on the surfaces of the tooth. The cause of this spot is determined by the activity of the bacterial plaque and it represents the initial stage of a carious lesion. This lesion is a common side effect for patients with fixed orthodontic appliances mainly because of the brackets’ position that favors the accumulation of plaque that ultimately leads to the formation of the white spot.Methods. We conducted a search on a single database, PubMed. “Orthodontic”, “white spot lesions”, “enamel demineralization treatment” and “remineralization’’ were the search terms used. We found 324 articles, but we took in consideration only the ones from the last 10 years, which resulted in 223 articles.Results. The first step after research was article selection: first by scrutinizing the title and secondly by reviewing the abstracts or full texts. The exclusion criteria were: meta-analysis, reviews, original articles regarding prevention of white spot lesions and their prevalence or incidence. We included the articles that seemed relevant for the treatment of white spot lesions, made either on extracted teeth either on orthodontic patients. We found 75 articles to be eligible for this research and we eliminated 5 because of the lack of an abstract or full text and a further 22 were rejected because they did not fit the aforementioned criteria.Conclusion. Although some traditional methods for the treatment of white spot lesions seem to have undesirable results, nowadays with new technologies and thorough investigations in nanotechnology, the eradication of the lesion appears to be short term.

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34

Solaman Simon, Louis, A. Karthikeyan, Akhil C.A, and Shilpa Philip. "EFFECTIVENESS OF RESIN INFILTRATION IN MANAGEMENT OF POST ORTHODONTIC WHITE SPOT LESIONS - A CLINICAL STUDY." International Journal of Advanced Research 10, no. 03 (March 31, 2022): 96–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/14367.

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Objective: To assess the effectiveness and durability of resin infiltration (ICON, DMG, Hamburg, Germany) in the management of post orthodontic white spot lesions. Material & Methods: A clinical trial was conducted among 30 children who had undergone fixed orthodontic therapy presented with white spot lesions (WSLs) on maxillary or mandibular incisors and canines after debonding. Identification of WSLs was done with International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) II criteria. The clinical photographs recorded were used to measure the size of lesion. The color assessment of the lesion and sound adjacent enamel was recorded by using spectrophotometer. Area of the lesion was calculated using Image analyzing software. The selected samples were treated with Resin infiltration- Icon, DMG, Germany, The WSLs were evaluated immediately following resin infiltration, 1, 3, 6 and 12 months. Results: There was significant reduction in lesion area, and improvement in color of white spot lesions treated with resin infiltration. Conclusion: Resin Infiltration have desired and durable esthetic improvement in terms of reduction in the area as well as color of post orthodontic white spot lesions.

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35

Alagha, Ebaa, and Amira Mohammad Samy. "Effect of Different Remineralizing Agents on White Spot Lesions." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 9, no. D (January 21, 2021): 14–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2021.5662.

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AIM: This study evaluated the impact of two remineralizing agents containing casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) and tricalcium phosphate (TCP) on white spot lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 90 freshly extracted upper premolars were divided in three equal groups (30 each): Group A: Control group, Group B: Varnish containing CPP-ACP, and Group C: Varnish containing TCP. The teeth were subjected to Diagnodent test after inducing white spot lesions to assess any surface changes present on the teeth. The readings were repeated post-demineralization and post-remineralization. RESULTS: Statistically significant difference was present in the mean values between the tested groups. CPP-ACP group recorded higher mean value at demineralization when compared to TCP group. Statistically significant difference (p < 0.00`01) was present between the baseline and the demineralization values. CPP-ACP group presented higher remineralization results when compared to TCP group. T-test proved a significant difference between the tested groups. CONCLUSION: CPP-ACP containing varnish had higher remineralizing effect when compared to TCP containing varnish. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Recently, the focus of restorative dentistry has been directed toward a conservative approach. Prevention and non-restorative treatment of initial enamel caries is the main concern. Remineralization procedures are the most preferred way of regeneration of lost tooth structure.

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36

Linjawi, Amal I. "Sealants and White Spot Lesions in Orthodontics: A Review." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 21, no. 7 (2020): 808–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-2882.

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37

Knösel, Michael, Roberto Vogel, and Paulo Sandoval. "Infiltration of White-Spot-Lesions and developmental enamel defects." Revista clínica de periodoncia, implantología y rehabilitación oral 10, no. 2 (August 2017): 101–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/s0719-01072017000200101.

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Karad, Ashok, Prashant Dhole, ShubhakerRao Juvvadi, Shrirang Joshi, and Ashish Gupta. "White spot lesions in orthodontic patients: An expert opinion." Journal of International Oral Health 11, no. 4 (2019): 172. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jioh.jioh_129_19.

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Klaisiri, Awiruth, Suksantiphop Janchum, Kunyakorn Wongsomtakoon, Panukorn Sirimanathon, and Nantawan Krajangta. "Microleakage of resin infiltration in artificial white-spot lesions." Journal of Oral Science 62, no. 4 (2020): 427–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2334/josnusd.19-0321.

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Dabas, Ashish, Nupur Dabas, Maninder Singh Sidhu, Mona Prabhakar, Seema Grover, and Sandeep Kumar. "White Spot Lesions: Fixed Orthodontic Treatment Scars - A Review." Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Care 3, no. 2 (2016): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2394-2800.2016.00016.x.

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Heymann, Gavin C., and Dan Grauer. "A Contemporary Review of White Spot Lesions in Orthodontics." Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry 25, no. 2 (February 19, 2013): 85–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jerd.12013.

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Miller, Matthew J., Shira Bernstein, Stephanie L. Colaiacovo, Olivier Nicolay, and George J. Cisneros. "Demineralized white spot lesions: An unmet challenge for orthodontists." Seminars in Orthodontics 22, no. 3 (September 2016): 193–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.sodo.2016.05.006.

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Senestraro, Seth V., Jennifer J. Crowe, Mansen Wang, Alex Vo, Greg Huang, Jack Ferracane, and David A. Covell. "Minimally invasive resin infiltration of arrested white-spot lesions." Journal of the American Dental Association 144, no. 9 (September 2013): 997–1005. http://dx.doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive.2013.0225.

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Huang, T. T. Y., L. H. He, M. A. Darendeliler, and M. V. Swain. "Nano-Indentation Characterisation of Natural Carious White Spot Lesions." Caries Research 44, no. 2 (2010): 101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000286214.

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Tanner, A. C. R., A. L. Sonis, P. Lif Holgerson, J. R. Starr, Y. Nunez, C. A. Kressirer, B. J. Paster, and I. Johansson. "White-spot Lesions and Gingivitis Microbiotas in Orthodontic Patients." Journal of Dental Research 91, no. 9 (July 26, 2012): 853–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022034512455031.

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Sampson, Victoria, and Ariane Sampson. "Diagnosis and treatment options for anterior white spot lesions." British Dental Journal 229, no. 6 (September 2020): 348–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41415-020-2057-x.

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Fernández-Ferrer, Laura, María Vicente-Ruíz, Verónica García-Sanz, José María Montiel-Company, Vanessa Paredes-Gallardo, José Manuel Almerich-Silla, and Carlos Bellot-Arcís. "Enamel remineralization therapies for treating postorthodontic white-spot lesions." Journal of the American Dental Association 149, no. 9 (September 2018): 778–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.adaj.2018.05.010.

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Shafi, Imran. "Fluoride varnish reduces white spot lesions during orthodontic treatment." Evidence-Based Dentistry 9, no. 3 (September 2008): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.ebd.6400599.

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Bak, So-Yeon, Young-Jae Kim, and Hong-Keun Hyun. "Color change of white spot lesions after resin infiltration." Color Research & Application 39, no. 5 (June 18, 2013): 506–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/col.21821.

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Araujo, Erika Michele dos Santos, Cristina de Mattos Pimenta Vidal, Anderson Zanardi de Freitas, Niklaus Ursus Wetter, and Adriana Bona Matos. "Characterization of sound enamel and natural white spot lesions." Brazilian Dental Science 25, no. 4 (2022): e3488. http://dx.doi.org/10.4322/bds.2022.e3488.

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