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Academic literature on the topic 'White spot lesions and braces'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "White spot lesions and braces"

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Buschang, Peter H., David Chastain, Cameron L. Keylor, Doug Crosby, and Katie C. Julien. "Incidence of white spot lesions among patients treated with clear aligners and traditional braces." Angle Orthodontist 89, no. 3 (December 17, 2018): 359–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/073118-553.1.

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ABSTRACT Objectives: To compare the incidence of white spot lesions (WSLs) among patients treated with aligners and those treated with traditional braces. Materials and Methods: A group of 244 aligner patients (30.4 ± 14 years) was compared to a group of 206 patients (29.2 ± 11.5 years) treated with traditional fixed braces. Consecutive cases in the late mixed or permanent dentitions who had high-quality pre- and posttreatment digital photographs available were included in the study. Each set of photographs was independently evaluated by two investigators to determine pretreatment oral hygiene (OH), fluorosis, and WSLs, as well as changes in OH and WSLs during treatment. Results: Approximately 1.2% of the aligner patients developed WSLs, compared to 26% of the traditionally treated patients. The numbers of WSLs that developed were also significantly (P < .001) less among the aligner patients. The aligner patients developed three new WSLs, while the traditionally treated patients developed 174 WSLs. The incidence of WSLs was greater for the maxillary than for the mandibular teeth, and it was greater for the canines than for the incisors. For the patients treated with traditional braces, fair or poor pretreatment OH, worsening of OH during treatment, preexisting WSLs, and longer treatment duration significantly (P < .05) increased the risk of developing WSLs during treatment. Conclusions: Patients treated with aligners have less risk of developing WSLs than do patients treated with traditional braces, which could be partially due to shorter treatment duration, or better pretreatment OH.
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Dalessandri, Domenico, Marino Bindi, Francesca Massetti, Gaetano Isola, Marco Migliorati, Luca Visconti, Corrado Paganelli, and Stefano Bonetti. "Effectiveness of a Selective Etching Technique in Reducing White Spots Formation around Lingual Brackets: A Prospective Cohort Clinical Study." Coatings 11, no. 5 (May 14, 2021): 572. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11050572.

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The risk of developing white spot lesions (WSLs) after orthodontic treatment with lingual brackets is generally considered lower than with labial ones, even if plaque accumulation is frequently higher due to the increased difficulty level in oral hygiene maintenance. In this prospective clinical study, selective enamel etching technique effectiveness in reducing plaque accumulation and WSLs was tested. Thirty patients were bonded with a split-mouth approach: two randomly selected opposite quadrants were used as the test sides, using customized plastic etching guides, and the other two as control sides, applying traditional direct etching methods. The plaque presence around the braces was recorded after 1, 3, 6, and 12 months according to a lingual plaque accumulation index (LPAI), as was the presence of WSLs. PAI measured values were significantly higher in the control sides during the observation period. Test and control sides differed significantly for new WSL onset only after 12 months of treatment. Therefore, the present research demonstrated that this guided enamel etching technique allowed for significant reduction in plaque accumulation around the lingual brackets and reduced onset of white spots after one year of treatment.
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Hostert, N. D., C. L. Blomquist, S. L. Thomas, D. G. Fogle, and R. M. Davis. "First Report of Ramularia carthami, Causal Agent of Ramularia Leaf Spot of Safflower, in California." Plant Disease 90, no. 9 (September 2006): 1260. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pd-90-1260c.

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Ramularia leaf spot was identified in several fields of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) near Gridley, CA in June 2005. Numerous circular to irregularly shaped brown lesions, 3 to 10 mm in diameter, on both sides of leaves and flower bracts resulted in stunted plants and reduced seed production. In two of the fields, nearly all plants were affected, yields were severely reduced, and the crops were abandoned. Ramularia carthami Zaprom. was identified on the basis of morphology of reproductive structures on colonized leaves (1). Hyaline, thin-walled, aseptate conidiophores (2.6 to 4.3 × 28.8 to 72.0 μm) were produced in fan-like fascicles borne on hemispherical stromata (21.6 to 31.2 × 24.0 to 36.0 μm). Hyaline, smooth, cylindrical to fusiform conidia (7.2 to 12.0 × 19.2 to 40.8 μm), 1 to 3 septate or rarely aseptate were produced singly or in short chains. The fungus was isolated from symptomatic leaves and bracts surface disinfected for 1 min in 0.5% sodium hypochlorite and incubated at 25°C on acidified potato dextrose agar (APDA). Colonies of the fungus were white with irregular margins and were slow growing. After 3 weeks, colonies were approximately 3 cm in diameter. Conidia were not produced in culture. To conduct pathogenicity tests, three 3-week-old safflower plants grown in the greenhouse were sprayed with an aqueous suspension of mycelial fragments of the fungus. Inoculum was produced by macerating a 3-cm-diameter APDA culture of the fungus in 30 ml of water. Noninoculated control plants were sprayed with water. All plants were covered with plastic bags for 48 h on a greenhouse bench. Greenhouse temperatures ranged from a minimum of 20°C to a maximum of 27°C. After 7 days, all inoculated plants developed symptoms, and the fungus was reisolated from lesions. Conidia from lesions were suspended in water and diluted to a concentration of 1 × 105 conidia/ml and used as inoculum for additional pathogenicity tests. Three plants were sprayed with the conidial suspension or water as above. Lesions developed on the inoculated plants in 7 days, and the fungus was reisolated. No symptoms developed on plants sprayed with water. Both pathogenicity tests were repeated once. Sequence of the internal transcribed spacer region of rDNA of the fungus was deposited in GenBank (Accession No. DQ466083). To our knowledge, this is the first confirmed report of Ramularia leaf spot of safflower caused by R. carthami in California. Reference: (1) Morbi Plant. Script. Sect. Phytopath. Hort. Bot. Prince. USSR 15:142, 1926.
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Driscoll, Frank A. "WHITE-SPOT LESIONS." Journal of the American Dental Association 143, no. 12 (December 2012): 1285–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive.2012.0079.

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Croll, Theodore P. "WHITE-SPOT LESIONS." Journal of the American Dental Association 144, no. 12 (December 2013): 1332–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive.2013.0063.

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Hamdan, Ahmad M., Eser Tüfekçi, Bhavna Shroff, and Steven J. Lindauer. "WHITE-SPOT LESIONS: Authors‘ response." Journal of the American Dental Association 143, no. 12 (December 2012): 1286–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive.2012.0080.

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Senestraro, Seth V., Jennifer Crowe, Alex Vo, David Covell, Jack Ferracane, Mansen Wang, and Greg Huang. "WHITE-SPOT LESIONS: Authors' response." Journal of the American Dental Association 144, no. 12 (December 2013): 1334. http://dx.doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive.2013.0064.

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Kırmızıgül, İnci, and Gülsüm Duruk. "Treatment methods of white spot lesions." Journal of Ege University School of Dentistry 40, no. 3 (2019): 193–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.5505/eudfd.2019.17363.

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Joshi, Surabhi, and Chintan Joshi. "Management of Enamel White Spot Lesions." Journal of Contemporary Dentistry 3, no. 3 (2013): 133–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10031-1052.

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ABSTRACT Dental caries is a highly prevalent multifactorial disease and is a major public health problem. A goal of modern dentistry is to manage enamel white spot lesions noninvasively and effectively an attempt to prevent disease progression and improve esthetics, strength and function. The progression of caries has been tried to be curbed at initial stage only but for that only use of fluoride application was suggested but with recent developments in dental materials other remineralization options as well as noninvasive masking procedure can be performed to attain best result. This article reviews all the materials and techniques mentioned in the literature to manage the world's most common disease in its initial stage only. How to cite this article Joshi S, Joshi C. Management of Enamel White Spot Lesions. J Contemp Dent 2013;3(3):133-137.
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., a. "White spot Lesions: Pediatric dentistry approach." International Journal of Applied Dental Sciences 8, no. 2 (April 1, 2022): 172–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.22271/oral.2022.v8.i2c.1506.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "White spot lesions and braces"

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Dixon, Julian. "Prevalence of White Spot Lesions during Orthodontic Treatment." VCU Scholars Compass, 2009. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1843.

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The reported prevalence of decalcification in orthodontic patients varies from 2 to 96% mainly due to the lack of a standard examination technique. The aims of this study were: 1) to determine the prevalence of white spot lesions around brackets using visual examination and the DIAGNOdent; 2) to determine which teeth were the most susceptible to decalcification; and 3) to test the accuracy of the DIAGNOdent by comparing to the visual examination. The presence of white spot lesions was determined in two groups of patients who were 6 and 12 months into orthodontic treatment, respectively. The control group consisted of patients who were examined for white spot lesions immediately after having their braces placed on their teeth. The prevalence of white spot lesions was 38%, 46%, and 11% for the 6-month, 12-month, and control groups, respectively. There was a statistically significant correlation (r = 0.71) between the DIAGNOdent measurements and the visual examination.
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Franks, David. "Occurrence and Evaluation of White Spot Lesions in Orthodontic Patients: A Pilot Study." Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2014. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/286676.

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Oral Biology
M.S.
Orthodontic treatment may cause an increase in the rate of enamel decalcification on tooth surfaces, producing White Spot Lesions (WSL). Orthodontic patients are at a higher risk for decalcification because orthodontic appliances retain food debris which leads to increased plaque formation. Dental plaque, an oral biofilm formed by factors including genetics, diet, hygiene, and environment, contains acid producing bacterial strains with a predominance of Mutans Streptococcus (MS). MS and others metabolize oral carbohydrates during ingestion, the byproducts of which acidify the biofilm to begin a process of enamel decalcification and formation of WSL. This study tests if patients in orthodontic treatment at Temple University can be used as subjects for further longitudinal study of WSL risk factors. Twenty patients between the ages of ten to eighteen after three months or greater of treatment were enrolled to determine if duration of treatment, hygiene, sense of coherence, obesity, diet frequencies, age and gender correlated with development of WSL. Of these, age is positively correlated with the number of untreated decayed surfaces. WSL and plaque levels may negatively correlate with increased brushing frequency and duration, while flossing frequency demonstrated a statistically significant negative correlation. This population may be suitable for further study because of its high incidence of WSL (75%), however difficulty in enrollment and patient attrition necessitates that future studies be modified.
Temple University--Theses
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Maxfield, Blake. "Perceived Responsibility for the Development of White Spot Lesions during Orthodontic Treatment." VCU Scholars Compass, 2009. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1842.

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White spot lesions (WSLs) or decalcifications remain a common complication in orthodontic patients with poor oral hygiene. The purpose of this study was to compare attitudes regarding the development of WSLs among patients, parents, orthodontists and general dentists and improve prevention and treatment protocols through better communication. A survey was developed to evaluate and compare the current opinions of orthodontic patients (n=315), parents (n=279), orthodontists (n=305) and general dentists (n=191) regarding the significance, prevention and treatment of WSLs. All four groups indicated that WSLs did detract from the overall appearance of straight teeth. All four groups indicated that patients were the most responsible for the prevention of WSLs. All four groups indicated that the general dentist should be more responsible for the treatment of WSLs than the orthodontist. General dentists were significantly more likely to indicate that the orthodontist was most responsible for the prevention of WSLs (P <0.005).
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Enaia, Mahmoud [Verfasser]. "White spot lesions during multibracket appliance treatment : a challenge for clinical excellence / Mahmoud Enaia." Gießen : Universitätsbibliothek, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1063110416/34.

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Podray, Susan. "Current Technology and Techniques in Re-mineralization of White Spot Lesions: A Systematic Review." Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2012. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/170366.

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Oral Biology
M.S.
White Spot lesions are a common iatrogenic occurrence on patients who are treated with fixed orthodontic appliances. There is a dynamic chemical interaction between enamel and saliva at the tooth surface that allow a lesion to have phase changes involving demineralization of enamel and remineralization. This is due to calcium and phosphate dissolved in saliva that is deposited onto the tooth surface or removed depending on the surrounding pH. Caseinphosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) is gaining popularity in dentistry as a way to increase the available level of calcium and phosphate in plaque and saliva to improve the chemical gradient so that if favors remineralization. The aim of our investigation is to search the available current literature and formulate a recommendation for use of CPP-ACP in orthodontics. Publications from the following electronic databases were searched: PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and Science Direct. Searches from August 2010 to April 1st 2012 were performed under the terms "MI Paste OR Recaldent OR caseinphosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate OR CPP-ACP or tooth mousse". The searches yielded 155 articles, These were reviewed for relevance based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Articles with inappropriate study design or no outcome measures at both baseline and end point were also excluded. 13 articles were deemed of relevance with a high quality study design and were included in this study for evaluation. The current literature suggests a preventative treatment regimen in which MI Paste Plus is used. It should be delivered once daily prior to bed after oral hygiene for 3 minutes in a fluoride tray, throughout orthodontic treatment. It should be recommended for high risk patients determined by poor oral hygiene, as seen by the inability to remove plaque from teeth and appliances. This protocol may prevent or assist in the remineralization of enamel white spot lesions during and after orthodontic treatment.
Temple University--Theses
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Bergdoll, Allison S. "Icon caries infiltrant resin and MI Paste Plus for the treatment of white spot lesions." Thesis, Birmingham, Ala. : University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2010. https://www.mhsl.uab.edu/dt/2010m/bergdoll.pdf.

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Al-Khateeb, Susan. "Studies on the remineralization of white spot lesions : longitudinal assessment with quantitative light-induced fluorescence /." Stockholm, 1998. http://diss.kib.ki.se/1998/19980331alkh.

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Wulc, Daniel. "Treatment of Orthodontic White Spots: Etiology of Orthodontic White Spot Lesions and Interventional Fluoride Varnish Treatment: A Randomized Control Trial." Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2015. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/328850.

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Oral Biology
M.S.
Fixed orthodontic appliances harbor plaque and perpetuate the formation of early non-cavitated carious lesions. However, not all patients with poor hygiene develop them. It has been established that fluoride varnish can be used to promote enamel remineralization. The study aimed to assess the efficacy of fluoride varnish in remineralizing early non-cavitated lesions among orthodontic patients. A second goal of this study was to elucidate if BMI and obesity increased susceptibility to development of white spot lesions. A randomized control trial was conducted among 25 patients attending the Orthodontic clinic at Temple University. Patients were ages 11-18 and had fixed orthodontic appliances for a minimum of three months. Eleven were randomly assigned to a test group (Enamel Pro® Varnish fluoride varnish application to white spot lesions every two months) and 14 randomly assigned to a control group (reinforcement of oral hygiene instructions). Data collection was completed every two months over a six-month time period. White spot lesion size was measured using the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS). Oral hygiene was assessed using Plaque Index (PI) and S. mutans levels were measured using Stripmutans plaque/salivary tests (Dentocult®). Both the control and experimental group had non-significant decreases in non-cavitated carious lesion count. The control group displayed significant increases in Stripmutans salivary scores (p0.05). PI scores decreased in the control group and increased in the experimental group (p>0.05). There was no correlation between BMI and lesion count in the control or experimental group (p>0.05). A 5% sodium fluoride varnish containing Amorphous Calcium Phosphate (Enamel Pro® Varnish) fluoride varnish application was not efficacious in reducing early non-cavitated carious lesions when compared to reinforcing oral hygiene. There is no correlation with BMI and white spot susceptibility.
Temple University--Theses
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Clark, Kristin Dumboski. "The efficacy of 37% phosphoric acid + Mi Paste Plus on remineralization of enamel white spot lesions." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2011. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/938.

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Purpose: This in vitro study evaluated the effectiveness of using a 37% phosphoric acid liquid etchant along with MI Paste Plus™ powered technology compared to using MI Paste Plus™ alone or to an artificially created saliva solution in decreasing the demineralization and enhancing the remineralization of artificial carious lesions created on extracted human teeth. The teeth were analyzed and compared using polarized light microscopy, quantitative light-induced fluorescence, and digital photography. Materials and Methods: One hundred three recently extracted non-carious human third molar teeth without observable white-spot lesions, decalcification, or dental fluorosis were selected for this twelve day study and randomly divided into four treatment groups as follows: Group 1 (Control) - Artificial saliva solution (27 teeth) Group 2 (MIP) - MI Paste Plus™ application for 30 minutes daily for 12 days (26 teeth) Group 3 (15MIP) - 15 second etch every third day and MI Paste Plus™ application for 30 minutes daily for 12 days (25 teeth) Group 4 (1MIP) - 1 minute etch on day one ONLY and application of MI Paste Plus™ for 30 minutes daily for 12 days (25 teeth). Results: Results of one<–>way ANOVA revealed there was a significant effect for the type of treatment on the lesion depth (p = 0.0027). The post-hoc Tukey-Kramer's test indicated there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups (15MIP and 1MIP) that incorporated an acid etch in combination with MI Paste Plus™ and the group with exposure to MI Paste Plus™ alone (MIP). In addition, results of one<–>way ANOVA showed that there was no statistically significant effect for type of treatment on the change in fluorescence (p = 0.1417) or the change in density (p = 0.1934). Conclusions: The results of the present study revealed there was a significant effect for the type of treatment on the lesion depth (p = 0.0027). However, the only significant difference found was between the two groups (15MIP and 1MIP) that incorporated an acid etch in combination with MI Paste Plus™ and the group with exposure to MI Paste Plus™ alone (MIP). Thus, daily applications of MI Paste Plus™, with or without an acid etch, did not produce a statistically significant difference in mean lesion depth when compared to the control (artificial saliva group). In addition, the results of the present study showed that there was no statistically significant effect for type of treatment on the change in fluorescence (p = 0.1417) or the change in density (p = 0.1934). Further research is needed to evaluate MI Paste Plus™ capability in prevention of demineralization and/or enhancement of remineralization by conducting randomized clinical trials.
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Sarkhouh, Shaima Mansour. "Investigating the ultrastructure of enamel white spot lesions (WSL) using Optical Coherence Tomography at different length scales." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2017. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10040047/.

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White spot lesion (WSL) is the clinical presentation of early caries, which is a demineralisation that occurs at subsurface level, with a well-mineralised surface layer enclosing the lesion. Early diagnosis and treatment of WSL is crucial to prevent further destruction of tooth structure. The aim of this research is to investigate the potential of optical coherence tomography (OCT) to be used as an adjunct diagnostic clinical tool to evaluate the severity of such lesions. This research also compared the OCT outputs with traditional histology, X-ray Microtomography (XMT), Synchrotron X-ray Diffraction (SXRD) and Scanning Electron microscope (SEM). All specimens were collected from patients undergoing dental treatment at Eastman Dental Hospital with informed consent following ethical approvall. Initially, Artificial WSLs were induced on sound enamel surfaces using a buffered methylcellulose gel system at pH 4.6 for 7 and 14 days. Type-matched native WSL and healthy control teeth were selected based on ICDAS for comparison. Imaging of samples was obtained using OCT of whole teeth and by polarised microscopy, SXRD, XMT and SEM of polished 250 μm thick sections. Polarised microscope, XMT and SEM confirmed the findings of the OCT results. Images showed that the more back scattered signals recorded, the deeper the destruction throughout enamel thickness. SXRD results showed changes in enamel texture, which was interpreted from measuring crystallite orientations and lattice parameter. SXRD result showed some correlation with OCT images, however more investigation is required to confirm the findings. In conclusion, the variations observed in the back-scattered light in OCT experiment were because of mineral density variation within enamel structure, as well as the changes in prismatic structure and may be related to crystallite texture and orientation. OCT has shown to be a reliable non-destructive technique, that can investigate the internal structure, by measuring the back-scattered light from materials such as enamel and dentine. In healthy samples, OCT B-scans showed a homogenous pattern of scattering intensity throughout enamel structure, indicating healthy structure, while in both natural and induced white spot lesions, a non homogenous scattering intensity was observed, indicating changes in enamel structure.
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Book chapters on the topic "White spot lesions and braces"

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Justus, Roberto. "Prevention of White Spot Lesions." In Iatrogenic Effects of Orthodontic Treatment, 1–35. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-18353-4_1.

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Bakulin, E. Y., L. A. Denisova, and R. Gr Maev. "A Study of the Potential to Detect Caries Lesions at the White-Spot Stage Using V(Z) Technique." In Acoustical Imaging, 193–98. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-8823-0_27.

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Khatri, Monisha, Shreya Kishore, S. Nagarathinam, Suvetha Siva, and Vanita Barai. "White Spot Lesions and Remineralization." In Dentistry. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.101372.

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As all practitioners are aware, the prevalence and incidence of dental caries keep increasing constantly and therefore early diagnosis and cessation of further progression would greatly help in maintaining the sound tooth structure. One of the earliest signs of dental caries is a white spot lesion, which is mostly missed, and only treated when the condition worsens. WSL are areas of demineralized enamel that occur due to a prolonged period of retained microbial biofilms most commonly associated in patients with poor oral hygiene and fixed orthodontic appliances. If caught early and intervened, WSLs can be reversed. Therefore, the diagnosis and treatment of WSL are of outmost importance, and this chapter will explain in detail various methods of diagnosing WSLs, its treatment protocol with the significance of remineralization of the same.
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Deveci, Ceren, Çağdaş Çınar, and Resmiye Ebru Tirali. "Management of White Spot Lesions." In Dental Caries - Diagnosis, Prevention and Management. InTech, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.75312.

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Parthasarathy, Dr Revathy, Dr Yashini Thanikachalam, Dr Yashini Thanikachalam, Dr Kalaiarasi Murugesan, and Dr Srividhya Srinivasan. "WHITE SPOT LESION – A REVIEW." In Emerging Trends in Oral Health Sciences and Dentistry. Technoarete Publishers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36647/etohsd/2022.01.b1.ch029.

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Modern dentistry aims at preserving the tooth structure in a non- invasive manner. The transition from G V black’s “extension for prevention” to minimal intervention methods paved path for diagnosis of caries during the initial stages of demineralization. Initial caries lesion otherwise called as “white spot lesion” is a subsurface enamel demineralization occurring on the smooth surface of the teeth. “White spot lesion” – coined by FEJERSKOV et al. as – “the first sign of carious lesion that is visible to naked eye”. The white or chalky appearance of the white spot lesion is due to the difference in the scattering of light over the demineralized enamel. Apart from pre-disposing factors like microorganisms, diet and host factors, long term deposition of “undisturbed” plaque helps in the initiation of white spot lesion. These initial carious lesions appear after 4 weeks of demineralization The superficial layer of the enamel remains intact due to the protective action of the salivary proteins, Statherin. Since these salivary proteins are macromolecules, they will not penetrate into the subsurface layer of the enamel and thus its protective action remains confined to the superficial layers. Due to the continuous diffusion of acids, there will be decalcification in the subsurface layer of the enamel. The shape of the white spot lesion depends on the dissemination of the biofilm and enamel prism’s direction. Patients with fixed orthodontic appliance are prone for white spot lesions because of the difficulty in removal of plaque and more areas of “undisturbed” plaque retention. After the removal of appliance, remineralization of the lesion occurs, resulting in hard and shiny appearance of the surface area making the subsurface lesion less visible.
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Gavrilovikj, Irena. "White Spot Lesions in Patients with Orthodontic Appliances." In Highlights on Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 14, 23–39. Book Publisher International (a part of SCIENCEDOMAIN International), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/bpi/hmmr/v14/9217d.

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O., Airton, Scott M., and Amy Richter. "White-Spot Lesions in Orthodontics: Incidence and Prevention." In Contemporary Approach to Dental Caries. InTech, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/38183.

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Nadide Akay, Elif. "Preventive Methods and Treatments of White Spot Lesions in Orthodontics." In Oral Health Care [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.102064.

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The aim of orthodontic treatment is to improve the esthetics of the teeth and face, to provide a beautiful smile, and an adequate and permanent chewing function. In individuals with insufficient oral hygiene, demineralization begins in the mouth with a very low pH value, and as a result, white spot lesions formed by decalcification of the enamel layer can be seen during orthodontic treatment. Since lesions are the first stage of caries formation, it is possible to stop caries development at this stage. Many methods, such as improving oral hygiene, regulating diets, fluoridated agents, laser, casein phosphopeptide, and microabrasion, are used in the treatment of white spot lesions. Preventive methods are of great importance in terms of preventing future tooth loss and reducing the treatment process. The purpose of this article is to manage white spot lesions in orthodontic treatment and to examine risk factors and preventive methods based on the latest evidence.
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W.K. Hui, Vivian, and Simon K.H. Szeto. "Clinical and Imaging Features of Leukemic Retinopathy." In Leukemia - From Biology to Diagnosis and Treatment [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.107649.

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Hematological malignancies may be associated with ocular manifestations in up to 50% of cases, and ocular symptoms can be the initial presentation. Retinal leukemic infiltrates may be observed in up to 3% of leukemia patients. Leukemic retinopathy may present more commonly in acute leukemias than chronic leukemias as Roth’s spot, multi-level retinal hemorrhages, cotton wool spots, or opportunistic infection secondary to pancytopenia. On the other hand, patients with chronic leukemias, such as chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), may present with leukemic retinal infiltrates and venous stasis secondary to hyperviscosity, which may lead to secondary peripheral microaneurysms and neovascularization. Vascular complication, such as central retinal vein occlusion, may also occur as a result of venous stasis. In addition, leukemic retinopathy is associated with poorer overall survival as pediatric CML patients without ocular manifestation may have twice as high 5-years survival rate compared with those with ocular manifestation. The presence of leukemic retinopathy is associated with more severe systemic disease and is correlated with hematological parameters such as white blood cells count (WBC). In addition, a positive correlation was found between ocular leukemic infiltration and agonal leukocyte count and the severity of systemic disease in an autopsy study. Therefore, the presence of retinal infiltrate may be associated with leukemia with extreme leukocytosis. Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) is a noninvasive retinal imaging tool that can help diagnose leukemic retinopathy. Inner retina hyper-reflective lesions were observed in areas with intra-retinal hemorrhages or hemorrhagic lesions, while outer retina hyper-reflective lesions were observed in areas with whitish retinal infiltrates. In addition, the loss of the physiological hourglass appearance on cross-sectional OCT scan of retinal vessels may be seen in leukemic retinopathy. It is believed that intraluminal blood flow is responsible for the physiological hourglass appearance, consisting of two paired hyper-reflectivities inside vessel wall on OCT. In leukemic retinopathy, hyperviscosity may disrupt normal intraluminal blood flow, leading to the loss of this physiological appearance. In summary, leukemic retinopathy can be the first presentation of leukemia. Ophthalmologists can play an important role in the diagnosis of leukemia. Noninvasive retinal imaging could help us to monitor and understand the pathophysiology of leukemic retinal infiltrates. Prompt diagnosis and treatment of underlying leukemia may preserve vision and prolong survival rate.
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Adelman, Ron A., and Patricia Pahk. "Visual Field Defects in Chorioretinal Disorders." In Visual Fields. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195389685.003.0012.

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Pathologic processes involving the retina or choroid can present with a wide variety of visual field defects. Usually visual field defects of retinal diseases directly correlate with the fundus findings. Visual field changes are often the result of damage to the retina or scarring but, in conjunction with other clinical findings, they may help narrow the differential diagnosis. Most of the macular lesions result in visual field defects that do not respect the vertical or horizontal midline. Occasionally inflammatory disorders result in visual field defects that do not directly correlate with the retinal findings. For example, patients with multiple evanescent white dot syndrome (MEWDS) may have an enlarged blind spot. Macular disorders can cause central or paracentral scotomas depending on the location of the lesion. Causes of macular pathology include drusen, atrophy from dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD), retinal hemorrhage, choroidal neovascular membrane, macular edema, macular hole, macular scar, pathologic myopia, and macular dystrophies of the retina or choroid. Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) can show a relative defect that is anatomically correlated with the area of subretinal or sub RPE (retinal pigment epithelium) fluid accumulation. Residual pigmentary changes in inactive CSCR can also cause a relative depression in the corresponding visual field. Pathologic myopia can present with a variety of visual field defects depending on the retinal findings, such as posterior staphyloma or choroidal neovascular membrane. AMD may show nonspecific changes in the central or paracentral visual field that correlate with the structural damage to the retina and choroid. Geographic atrophy in dry AMD can cause a dense scotoma correlated with the pattern of the atrophy. Choroidal neovascular membranes can cause a depression in the correlating visual field due to edema or hemorrhage. Disciform scars in endstage AMD can also cause a dense scotoma. Macular holes may cause a small central scotoma. Pattern dystrophies are a family of disorders with a common pathology at the level of the RPE. Butterfly dystrophy, an autosomal dominant disorder, and Sjögren reticular dystrophy, an autosomal recessive disorder, are two examples of pattern dystrophies.
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Conference papers on the topic "White spot lesions and braces"

1

Lale, Selda. "A comparative analysis of fluoride, magnesium, and calcium phosphate materials on prevention of white spot lesions around orthodontic brackets with using pH cycling model." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ANALYSIS AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS (ICAAM 2020). AIP Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0040352.

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2

Sajn, Luka. "Detecting white spot lesions caused by teeth alignment treatment." In 2019 42nd International Convention on Information and Communication Technology, Electronics and Microelectronics (MIPRO). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/mipro.2019.8756715.

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3

Sukmasari, Susi, Wan Nurfazliyana binti Wan Fauzi, Zati Balqis binti Mohammed Azme, Anisa Kusumawardani, and Iswan Zuraidi Zainol. "Efficacy of Fluoride Varnish and Cheese on White Spot Lesions Remineralization: Evaluation Using Laser Fluorescence." In International Dental Conference of Sumatera Utara 2017 (IDCSU 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/idcsu-17.2018.73.

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4

Çavuş, B., T. Çavuş, B. Akyüz Erdoğan, and E. Kumcu. "EVALUATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HELICOBACTER PYLORI AND THE SMALL WHITE SPOT LESIONS OF THE DUODENUM." In ESGE Days 2019. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1681943.

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