Academic literature on the topic 'WHITE SPOT DISEASE'
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Journal articles on the topic "WHITE SPOT DISEASE"
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Volnukhin, B. A., L. F. Znamenskaya, I. A. Kappusheva, N. L. Muradyan, and A. S. Dvornikov. "Phototherapy of extragenital white spot disease." Vestnik dermatologii i venerologii 91, no. 6 (December 24, 2015): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.25208/0042-4609-2015-91-6-61-66.
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Objective. To study the effectiveness of UVA1therapy and PUVA therapy in patients with extragenital lichen sclerosus. Materials and methods. Effectiveness of the phototherapy methods was studied in 12 patients with extragenital lichen sclerosus (8 women, 4 men) aged from 19 to 61 years old with the disease history of 1-25 years. 6 patients received UVA1therapy while 3 patients received general PUVA therapy and 3 patients - local PUVA therapy. All the patients underwent phototherapy in the form of monotherapy. Results. After the treatment clinical improvement was observed in 6 patients from the UVA1 group (100%) and 4 patients from the PUVA group (66.7%), significant improvement of clinical picture and clinical remission were registered in 1 (16.7%) and 2 (33.3%) patients from the PUVA group, respectively. Phototherapy caused partial or full regress of main lichen sclerosus symptoms: sclerosis, induration, erythema, epidermal atrophy and skin hypopigmentation. The tolerability of treatment was satisfying, serious adverse effects were not reported. Conclusion. Conducted research indicates the effectiveness of UVA1therapy and PUVA therapy in patients with extragenital lichen sclerosus. Phototherapy may be a choice in the management of the disease.
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Fowler and Ambrose. "Alternative Diagnostic Tools for White Spot Disease." Proceedings 36, no. 1 (January 16, 2020): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019036049.
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Ufaz, Shai, Adi Balter, Chen Tzror, Shai Einbender, Ori Koshet, Janna Shainsky-Roitman, Zvi Yaari, and Avi Schroeder. "Anti-viral RNAi nanoparticles protect shrimp against white spot disease." Molecular Systems Design & Engineering 3, no. 1 (2018): 38–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7me00092h.
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Nearly 20% of cultured shrimp die every year due to viral diseases. In this study, we evaluated the capacity of nanoparticulate RNA interference (RNAi) to down-regulate genes in Penaeus vannamei shrimp and protect shrimp against white spot syndrome virus (WSSV, i.e. white spot disease).
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Joshi, Surabhi, and Chintan Joshi. "Management of Enamel White Spot Lesions." Journal of Contemporary Dentistry 3, no. 3 (2013): 133–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10031-1052.
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ABSTRACT Dental caries is a highly prevalent multifactorial disease and is a major public health problem. A goal of modern dentistry is to manage enamel white spot lesions noninvasively and effectively an attempt to prevent disease progression and improve esthetics, strength and function. The progression of caries has been tried to be curbed at initial stage only but for that only use of fluoride application was suggested but with recent developments in dental materials other remineralization options as well as noninvasive masking procedure can be performed to attain best result. This article reviews all the materials and techniques mentioned in the literature to manage the world's most common disease in its initial stage only. How to cite this article Joshi S, Joshi C. Management of Enamel White Spot Lesions. J Contemp Dent 2013;3(3):133-137.
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Inada, Mari, Tohru Mekata, and Toshiaki Itami. "White Spot Disease: WSD ( = Penaeid Acute Viremia: PAV)." Fish Pathology 52, no. 3 (2017): 115–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3147/jsfp.52.115.
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Arboleda, MDM, and WT Reichardt. "Vibrio sp. causing Porites ulcerative white spot disease." Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 90, no. 2 (June 11, 2010): 93–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/dao02222.
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Alifuddin, M., D. Dana, M. Eidman, M. B. Malole, and F. H. Pasaribu. "White Spot Disease in Black Tiger Shrimp (Penaeus Monodon Fab.) : Infection of White Spot Virus at 20, 100 and 200 uG/Ml by Dipping Method within 120 Minutes Exposure Time." Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia 2, no. 1 (May 1, 2007): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.19027/jai.2.31-35.
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<p>An infection trial of white spot disease on tiger shrimp was conducted by water borne inoculation with the different of viral concentration. The result showed that the viral concentration influenced the appearance of white spot specific lesion, occurrence and disease development. This study also indicated that white spot virus infect hepato-pancreatic tissue as well as gill, intestine and lymphoid tissues.</p> <p>Key word: White spot virus, infectious disease, tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon Fab.</p> <p align="center"> </p> <h2>ABSTRAK</h2> <p>Percobaan penularan penyakit white spot pada udang windu telah dilakukan secara perendaman dengan berbagai konsentrasi virus. Hasil percobaan ini memperlihatkan, bahwa konsentrasi virus mempengaruhi kemunculan lesi spesifik penyakit white spot, kejadian dan perkembangan penyakit. Percobaan ini juga memperlihatkan, bahwa hepatopankrea terserang virus white spot disamping, insang, usus dan jaringan limfoid.</p> <p>Kata kunci: Virus white spot, penyakit infeksi, udang windu, Penaeus monodon Fab.</p>
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Bright Singh, IS, M. Manjusha, SS Pai, and R. Philip. "Fenneropenaeus indicus is protected from white spot disease by oral administration of inactivated white spot syndrome virus." Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 66 (2005): 265–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/dao066265.
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Alifuddin, M., D. Dana, M. Eidman, M. B. Malole, and F. H. Pasaribu. "Patogenesis of White Spot Virus Infection (WSV) on Black Tiger Shrimp (Penaeus Monodon Fab.)." Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia 2, no. 2 (August 1, 2007): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.19027/jai.2.85-92.
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<p>The pathogenesis determination of white spot disease on tiger shrimp to study effect of various white spot virus concentrations on pathological changes was conducted by water borne infection with the several of viral concentration within 60 minute using black tiger shrimp post larvae. The result showed the incubation period of the disease based on appeareance of white spot at 2-2000 ng/ml is 17 days p.i., whilst at 0.2-0.02 ng/ml is 19 days p.i. It seem, the lowest viral concentration stimulated respond immune of shrimp which indicated by low mortalities percentage (13.3 and 10.6%). Stage of disease development recognized throughout histological analyse, based on hypertropie of nuclei, is stage 0-4. Based on microscopic observation, the white spot seen pleomorphic forms which related to its development and seem to be used as rapid diagnostic tool for indicating of WS infection. This study also proved by histological observation that hepatopancreatic tissue can be infected as well as epidermis of carapace, gill, intestine and lymphoid tissues. One of pathological changes by WS infection is white spot as pathogonomic lesi of the disease.</p> Keyword : White spot virus, infectious disease, tiger shrimp <em>(Penaeus monodon </em>Fab.)
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KAIGE, Noboru, and Teruo MIYAZAKI. "A histopathological study of white spot disease in Japanese flounder." Fish Pathology 20, no. 1 (1985): 61–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3147/jsfp.20.61.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "WHITE SPOT DISEASE"
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Kaczmarsky, Longin T. "Characterizations of the Major Coral Diseases of the Philippines: Ulcerative White Spot Disease and Novel Growth Anomalies of Porites." FIU Digital Commons, 2009. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/118.
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Coral reefs are in decline worldwide and coral disease is a significant contributing factor. However, etiologies of coral diseases are still not well understood. In contrast with the Caribbean, extremely little is known about coral diseases in the Philippines. In 2005, off Southeast Negros Island, Philippines, I investigated relationships between environmental parameters and prevalence of the two most common coral diseases, ulcerative white spot (UWS) and massive Porites growth anomalies (MPGAs). Samples were collected along a disease prevalence gradient 40.5 km long. Principal component analyses showed prevalence of MPGAs was positively correlated with water column nitrogen, organic carbon of surface sediments, and colony density. UWS was positively correlated with water column phosphorus. This is the first quantitative evidence linking anthropogenically-impacted water and sediment to a higher prevalence of these diseases. Histological and cytological alterations were investigated by comparing tissues from two distinct types of MPGA lesions (types 1 and 2) and healthy coral using light and electron microscopy. Skeletal abnormalities and sloughing, swelling, thinning, and loss of tissues in MPGAs resembled tissues exposed to bacterial or fungal toxins. Both lesion types had decreases in symbiotic zooxanthellae, which supply nutrients to corals. Notable alterations included migrations of chromophore cells (amoebocytes) (1) nocturnally to outer epithelia to perform wound-healing, including plugging gaps and secreting melanin in degraded tissues, and (2) diurnally to the interior of the tissue possibly to prevent shading zooxanthellae in order to maximize photosynthate production. Depletion of melanin (active in wound healing) in type 2 lesions suggested type 2 tissues were overtaxed and less stable. MPGAs contained an abundance of endolithic fungi and virus-like particles, which may result from higher nutrient levels and play roles in disease development. Swollen cells and mucus frequently blocked gastrovascular canals (GVCs) in MPGAs. Type 1 lesions appeared to compensate for impeded flow of wastes and nutrients through these canals with proliferation of new GVCs, which were responsible for the observed thickened tissues. In contrast, type 2 tissues were thin and more degraded. Dysplasia and putative neoplasia were also observed in MPGAs which may result from the tissue regeneration capacity being overwhelmed.
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Corsin, Flavio. "An epidemiological study of white spot disease in the rice-shrimp farming system of Vietnam." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.390630.
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Verbruggen, Bas. "Generating genomic resources for two crustacean species and their application to the study of White Spot Disease." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/25535.
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Over the last decades the crustacean aquaculture sector has been steadily growing, in order to meet global demands for its products. A major hurdle for further growth of the industry is the prevalence of viral disease epidemics that are facilitated by the intense culture conditions. A devastating virus impacting on the sector is the White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV), responsible for over US $10 billion in losses in shrimp production and trade. The Pathogenicity of WSSV is high, reaching 100 % mortality within 3-10 days in penaeid shrimps. In contrast, the European shore crab Carcinus maenas has been shown to be relatively resistant to WSSV. Uncovering the basis of this resistance could help inform on the development of strategies to mitigate the WSSV threat. C. maenas has been used widely in studies on ecotoxicology and host-pathogen interactions. However, like most aquatic crustaceans, the genomic resources available for this species are limited, impairing experimentation. Therefore, to facilitate interpretations of the exposure studies, we first produced a C. maenas transcriptome and genome scaffold assembly. We also produced a transcriptome for the European lobster (Homarus gammarus), an ecologically and commercially important crustacean species in United Kingdom waters, for use in comparing WSSV responses in this, a susceptible species, and C. maenas. For the C. maenas transcriptome assembly we isolated and pooled RNA from twelve different tissues and sequenced RNA on an Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform. After de novo assembly a transcriptome encompassing 212,427 transcripts was produced. Similar, the H. gammarus transcriptome was based on RNA from nine tissues and contained 106,498 transcripts. The transcripts were filtered and annotated using a variety of tools (including BLAST, MEGAN and RSEM) and databases (including GenBank, Gene Ontology and KEGG). The annotation rate for transcripts in both transcriptomes was around 20-25 % which appears to be common for aquatic crustacean species, as a result of the lack of well annotated gene sequences for this clade. Since it is likely that the host immune system would play an important role in WSSV infection we characterized the IMD, JAK/STAT, Toll-like receptor and other innate immune system pathways. We found a strong overlap between the immune system pathways in C. maenas and H. gammarus. In addition we investigated the sequence diversity of known WSSV interacting proteins amongst susceptible penaeid shrimp/lobster and the more resistant C. maenas. There were differences in viral receptor sequences, like Rab7, that correlate with a less efficient infection by WSSV. To produce the genome scaffold assembly for C. maenas we isolated DNA from muscle tissue and produced both paired-end and mate pair libraries for processing on the Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform. A de novo draft genome assembly consisting of 338,980 scaffolds and covering 362 Mb (36 % of estimated genome size) was produced, using SOAP-denovo2 coupled with the BESST scaffolding system. The generated assembly was highly fragmented due to the presence of repetitive areas in the C. maenas genome. Using a combination of ab initio predictors, RNA-sequencing data from the transcriptome datasets and curated C. maenas sequences we produced a model encompassing 10,355 genes. The gene model for C. maenas Dscam, a gene potentially involved in (pan)crustacean immune memory, was investigated in greater detail as manual curation can improve on the results of ab initio predictors. The scaffold containing C. maenas Dscam was fragmented, thus only contained the latter exons of the gene. The assembled draft genome and transcriptomes for C. maenas and H. gammarus are valuable molecular resources for studies involving these and other aquatic crustacean species. To uncover the basis of their resistance to WSSV, we infected C. maenas with WSSV and measured mRNA and miRNA expression for 7 time points spread over a period of 28 days, using RNA-Seq and miRNA-Seq. The resistance of C. maenas to WSSV infection was confirmed by the fact that no mortalities occurred. In these animals replicating WSSV was latent and detected only after 7 days, and this occurred in five of out 28 infected crabs only. Differential expression of transcripts and miRNAs were identified for each time point. In the first 12 hours post exposure we observed decreased expression of important regulators in endocytosis. Since it is established that WSSV enters the host cells through endocytosis and that interactions between the viral protein VP28 and Rab7 are important in successful infection, it is likely that changes in this process could impact WSSV infection success. Additionally we observed an increased expression of transcripts involved in RNA interference pathways across many time points, indicating a longer term response to initial viral exposure. miRNA sequencing showed several miRNAs that were differentially expressed. The most striking finding was a novel C. maenas miRNA that we found to be significantly downregulated in every WSSV infected individual, suggesting that it may play an important role in mediating the response of the host to the virus. In silico target prediction pointed to the involvement of this miRNA in endocytosis regulation. Taken together we hypothesize that C. maenas resistance to WSSV involves obstruction of viral entry by endocytosis, a process probably regulated through miRNAs, resulting in inefficient uptake of virions.
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Picon, Camacho Sara M. "Developing strategies for the control of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis Fouquet, 1876 (Ciliophora)." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/3032.
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The intensification of freshwater aquaculture worldwide has facilitated the propagation of the parasitic ciliate protozoan Ichthyophthirius multifiliis Fouquet, 1876 commonly known as “fish white spot” or “Ich”. Ichthyophthirius multifiliis infections lead to high mortalities, generating significant economic losses in most cultured freshwater fish species worldwide. Until recently, malachite green was the chemical treatment traditionally used to control I. multifiliis infections. Its reclassification as carcinogenic to humans and its subsequent ban for use in food fish has left the industry without any suitable treatments. Currently, in-bath formaldehyde and sodium chloride treatments are the most common option used in farm systems to control I. multifliis infections. Given their low efficacy, however, they are not considered as sustainable long–term options. There is, therefore, an urgent necessity to find efficacious alternatives for controlling I. multifliis infections. The general aim of this research project was to improve the management of I. multifiliis infections in order to develop more comprehensive, environmentally friendly and sustainable therapeutic strategies for use in freshwater food fish aquaculture. The present PhD-thesis present first a literature review chapter providing an overview and critical assessment of chemotherapeutants and physical interventions tested within the last 30 years against I. multifiliis infections. The experimental worked consisted of a number of in vitro and in vivo trials were conducted using experimental scale flow-through, static tank systems and commercial scale raceways within a rainbow trout hatchery, in addition to molecular work on different isolates of the parasite. The results of this research are organised into three experimental chapters which describe the testing of chemical and non-chemical treatments against I. multifiliis infections and work undertaken to determine the most suitable molecular markers to identify I. multifiliis isolates. In the first experimental chapters, the possibility of efficiently controlling I. multifliis infections through the administration of novel environmentally-friendly chemical treatments (e.g. bronopol and peracetic acid-based products) was investigated. The results clearly showed that bronopol and peractic acid-based products have a strong biocidal/cytotoxic effect against all free-living stages of I. multifiliis (e.g. tomonts, cysts and theronts). The administration of high concentrations of bronopol (e.g. 20, 50 and 100 mg L-1) over short periods of exposure (e.g. 30 min) significantly reduced the survival of tomonts, cysts and theronts and delayed the development of I. multifiliis tomonts and cysts. Prolonged low concentrations of bronopol (e.g. 1 mg L-1) greatly reduced the survival of infective theronts, although such treatment did not affect the ability of surviving theronts to subsequently infect a host. When tested in vivo, the continuous prolonged exposure (e.g. 27 days) of low concentrations of bronopol (e.g. 2 and 5 mg L-1) had an impact on the population dynamics of I. multifiliis, this being demonstrated by a significant reduction in the number of trophonts developing within the fish. Low concentrations of bronopol (e.g. 2 mg L-1) administrated as a preventive treatment prior to infection also proved to be very successful at reducing the colonisation success of I. multifiliis. Peracetic acid administrated at low concentrations (e.g. 8, 12 and 15 mg L-1) over a short window of exposure (e.g. 1 h) displayed a strong biocidal effect against all the free-living stages of I. multifiliis (e.g. tomonts, cysts and theronts). The bronopol and peracetic acid-based products tested here both appear to be capable of disrupting the development of the cyst stage of I. multifiliis which is seldom reported for chemotherapeutants currently used against this parasite. These results suggest that bronopol and peracetic acid-based products have a place in the arsenal of treatment options for controlling I. multifiliis infections in commercial aquaculture systems. The use of a mechanical device or a biological control agent to remove the cyst stage of I. multifiliis and the impact of such control on the population dynamics and the levels of infection of fish were also investigated. The results revealed that tomonts preferentially settle and encyst on the base of culture systems and on biofilm–covered substrates. The survival of the tomont stage is greatly affected by the composition of the substrate upon which it settles and is significantly lower on polypropylene-based plastic. The lining of raceways in a commercial rainbow trout hatchery with a low-adhesion polymer created a smooth surface facilitating the dislodgement and elimination of the cyst stage of I. multifilis by natural flushing or brushing. The physical removal of the cyst stage alone, through the use of a mechanical device or substrate detrivorous/algae feeder as a biological control agent, significantly reduced the propagation of I. multifiliis to a low level of infection without the need to deploy an additional chemical treatment. These studies demonstrate that the cyst is a key stage in the dynamics of I. multifiliis infection and its removal from the fish culture systems could constitute an effective and simple mean of managing I. multifiliis infections. The third experimental chapter explores the utilisation of molecular marker to characterise different isolates of I. multifiliis. The results highlight the unsuitability of the rDNA region (ITS-1 and ITS-2) and the strong potential of the mtDNA (COI) as molecular markers to discriminate isolates of I. multifiliis from distant geographical locations. It is suggested that genetic “barcoding” using mtDNA is the most effective method to identify I. multifiliis isolates. Importantly, genetic “barcoding” could allow associating I. multifiliis strains or geographical isolates with particular properties as regards their ecophysiology, pathogenicity and sensitivity to treatment, in order to improve the management of I. multifiliis infections according to the specific genetic isolate encountered. This research project demonstrates the efficacy of a range of new approaches against the propagation of I. multifiliis. Together, our findings contribute towards the development of a more effective and integrated system for managing I. multifliis infections in farm systems. The utilisation of physical methods and of environmentally friendly chemotherapeutants holds great potential for the control of I. multifiliis infections in organic fish production and in a broader context to any freshwater food fish farms affected by I. multifiliis.
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Jiravanichpaisal, Pikul. "White Spot Syndrome Virus Interaction with a Freshwater Crayfish." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-5776.
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Garcia, Luciano de Oliveira. "Efeito do pH e dureza da água em juvenis de Rhamdia quelen infectados com Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (Fouquet, 1876)." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2008. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/4313.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorThe aim of this study was to determine the intensity of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis infection, as well as net ion fluxes (Na+, K+ and Cl-), in silver catfish juveniles exposed to different pHs (5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 for sixteen days), pH (5.0 and 7.0) and hardness (20, 60 and 120 mg CaCO3.L-1 for sixteen days) and the oxidative stress parameters in liver, gill and muscle of this species and submitted to different pH (5.0 and 7.0 for three days). Net Na+, K+, and Cl- fluxes were determined at different times, trophonts in the skin and gill were counted, and mortality was registered daily. After six days fish kept at pH 6.0, 7.0, 8.0 and 9.0-hardness 20 mg CaCO3.L-1 showed significantly higher cumulative mortality (100% after eight days) and number of trophonts on the skin and gill compared to pH 5.0-hardness 20 mg CaCO3.L-1. Infected silver catfish showed significantly higher Na+ and K+ effluxes in the first day, and there was a recovery (influx) after the second day compared to asymptomatic juveniles. Silver catfish juveniles infected with I.multifiliis and exposed to pHs 5.0 and 7.0 presented significantly higher TBARS levels in the liver and gills compared to asymptomatic juveniles. The activity of catalase in the liver of silver catfish juveniles infected and exposed to both pHs was significantly lower (1st and 3rd day) than in asymptomatic juveniles. The GST activity in the liver and gills of infected juveniles increased throughout all experimental period compared to asymptomatic juveniles. The muscle of infected juveniles maintained at pH 5.0 showed significantly lower TBARS levels at day three compared to asymptomatic juveniles. The CAT activity was significantly lower in the muscle of infected juveniles at pH 5.0 and 7.0 at all experimental days except day 1 at pH 7.0 compared to asymptomatic juveniles. The muscle of infected juveniles presented significantly lower GST activity in all experimental period at both pH 5.0 and 7.0 compared to asymptomatic juveniles. These results allowed us to conclude that infection by I. multifiliis is less severe in silver catfish maintained at pH 5.0-hardness 20 mg CaCO3.L-1. Increase of water hardness increases trophonts infection and impairs survival in silver catfish kept at pH 5.0, but the opposite is observed when juveniles are at pH 7.0. There was no clear evidence of a relationship between mortality and trophonts number in infected silver catfish with net ion fluxes. Infection with I. multifiliis induces liver and gill damage via lipid peroxidation products, but the same is not observed in the muscle.
O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a intensidade da infecção pelo Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, assim como o fluxo líquido de íons (Na+, K+ e Cl-), em juvenis de jundiá expostos a diferentes pHs (5,0; 6,0; 7,0; 8,0 e 9,0 por dezesseis dias), pH (5,0 e 7,0) e dureza (20, 60 e 120 mg CaCO3/L por dezesseis dias) e os parâmetros de estresse oxidativo no fígado, brânquias e músculo nesta espécie e submetida a diferentes pHs (5,0 e 7,0 por 3 dias). O fluxo dos íons Na+, K+ e Cl- foi determinado em diferentes tempos, o número de trofontes na pele e nas brânquias foi contado e a mortalidade foi registrada diariamente. Após seis dias os peixes submetidos aos pHs 6,0; 7,0; 8,0 e 9,0-dureza de 20 mg CaCO3/L apresentaram mortalidade cumulativa (100% após oito dias) e numero de trofontes na pele e nas brânquias significativamente maior que os mantidos em pH 5,0-dureza de 20 mg CaCO3/L. Jundiás infectados apresentaram efluxo de Na+ e K+ significativamente maior no primeiro dia, havendo uma recuperação (influxo) a partir do segundo dia em relação aos juvenis assintomáticos. Juvenis de jundiá infectados com I.multifiliis e expostos aos pHs 5,0 e 7,0 apresentaram significativo aumento dos níveis de TBARS no fígado e nas brânquias em relação aos juvenis assintomáticos. A atividade da catalase no fígado dos juvenis de jundiás infectados e expostos a ambos pHs foi significativamente maior e menor (1º e 3º dia), em relação aos juvenis assintomáticos. A atividade da GST no fígado e nas brânquias aumentou durante todo o período experimental em relação aos juvenis assintomáticos. O músculo dos juvenis infectados e mantidos em pH 5,0 apresentou significativa diminuição nos níveis de TBARS no terceiro dia comparado aos juvenis assintomáticos. A atividade da catalase foi significativamente menor no músculo dos juvenis infestados e submetidos ao pH 5,0 e 7,0 em todos os dias experimentais, exceto no primeiro dia em pH 7,0 quando comparada aos juvenis assintomáticos. O músculo dos juvenis infectados apresentou atividade da GST significativamente menor em todo o período experimental em ambos pH 5,0 e 7,0 quando comparados aos juvenis assintomáticos. Estes resultados nos permitem concluir que a infecção pelo I. multifiliis é menos severa em jundiás mantidos em pH 5,0-dureza de 20 mg CaCO3/L. O aumento da dureza da água aumenta a infecção pelos trofontes e afeta a sobrevivência dos jundiás mantidos em pH 5,0, mas o oposto é observado quando os juvenis estão no pH 7,0. Não houve uma evidência clara da relação entre a mortalidade e o número de trofontes nos juvenis de jundiá infectados com o fluxo líquido de íons. A infecção por I. multifiliis induz danos no fígado e brânquias, via produtos da peroxidação lipídica, o mesmo não ficando evidenciado no músculo.
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王俊順. "= Studies on the characteristics of white spot disease virus (WSDV) in the penaeid shrimp." Thesis, 1996. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/23343261692265333617.
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Chang, Kun-Hung, and 張琨鴻. "Effect of Recombinant Agrocybe aegerita Lectin on the White Spot Syndrome Disease Resistance of Shrimp." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/39537603024749341533.
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碩士大葉大學
分子生物科技學系碩士班
95
White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is a highly pathogenic and prevalent virus affecting crustacean. Disease caused by WSSV is the greatest challenge to word wide shrimp aquaculture. In this stuffy, full length cDNA of Agrocybe aegerita lectin (AAL) gene was cloned, recombinant AAL (rAAL) was expressed by prokaryotic (Escherichia coli) expression system and the activities of this recombinant protein including the anti WSSV effects were analyzed. Amino acids analysis showed that AAL with a carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) and protein modification motif. AAL might be with strong agglutination activities for lacking cystine in its amino acids composition. Native gel electrophoresis demonstrated the rAAL with the ability for self-forming a dimmer structure. In agglutination test, rAAL agglutinated rabbit Red Blood Cell (RBC) at very low concentration (0.25ng/ml). The anti-WSSV assays performed on Litopenaeus vannamei showed an obvious effect. The rAAL treated shrimp groups were with greater than 20％ survival rate than the untreated ones in five days.
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Jose, Jasmin K. "Studies on white spot syndrome (WSS) in penaeid prawns from culture ponds at Cochin, India." Thesis, 2001. http://eprints.cmfri.org.in/7137/1/TH-93_Jas.pdf.
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The aquaculture of penaeid shrimp has grown from its experimental
beginnings roughly about three decades ago into a major industry which, on a
world wide basis, provides employment to hundreds of thousands of both skilled
and unskilled labourers, billions of U.S. dollars in revenue and a high quality
food product (Lightner and Redman, 1998). Factors, such as, increasing demand
and market value, introduction of new technologies in the prawn seed and feed
production and other modem culture techniques contribute to this rapid
development in the prawn culture industry, which in turn has been accompanied
by the appearance of diseases of both infectious and non infectious aetiologies.
Though the usage of the terms, prawns and shrimps has been much confusing, in
the present study both the terms are used analogously to refer to
marinelbrackishwater forms only. The occurrence and relative importance of
many of the penaeid diseases coincide with the type of culture system, i.e.,
extensive, semi intensive and intensive (based on the area of culture, stocking
density, feeding and management) practised. The latter two are greatly
employed on a commercial scale and hence have more prone to the unhealthy
conditions and thereby to various diseases. Many of the important penaeid
diseases are caused by organisms, that are part of the normal microflora and
fauna of penaeids. These organisms are opportunistic pathogens, that cause
diseases only under conditions that favour them over the host (Lightner, 1985,
1993).
The important infectious diseases of econoIDIc importance to the
cultured prawn are those with viral, rickettsial, bacterial, fungal, protistan and
metazoan aetiologies (Lightner, 1988, 1993; Brock and Lightner, 1990; Fulks
and Main, 1992; Johnson, 1995). A number of non infectious diseases are also
of importance to the industry, which include diseases due to environmental
stress, nutritional imbalances, toxicants and genetic factors (Lightner, 1988,
1996; Brock and Lightner, 1990; Brock, 1992; Johnson, 1995). Among all these,
viruses are the most important disease causing agents in the penaeid prawns
(Lightner, 1985).
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SONI, GARIMA. "IN SILICO MOLECULAR INTERACTION STUDIES OF SHRIMP PROTEIN, PMAV WITH WSSV RING FINGER DOMAIN." Thesis, 2013. http://dspace.dtu.ac.in:8080/jspui/handle/repository/16120.
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Background: White spot disease (WSD) is an overwhelming syndrome of shrimp Penaeusmonodon in which receptor protein of P. monodon interacts with viral envelops protein, and causes commencement of the disease. PmAV is the first and only anti-viral protein found in shrimp. It was isolated from a virus unaffected shrimp, P. monodon and identified to be up-regulated at the time of viral infection.
Methods: In the present study, we applied molecular modeling and molecular docking to determine the interaction pattern of amino acid residues between PmAV protein and WSSV RING finger domain.
Results and conclusion: Our result showed that PmAV interacts with WSSV RING finger domain and prevents their activity thus inhibiting the establishment of viral infection. Further studies like molecular dynamics simulation of the complex might be applied to open new possibilities for preventing WSD. The quantifiable calculations offer an opportunity for experimental analysis in future as well as provide with an upfront evidence to understand cellular mechanisms underlying the syndrome.
Books on the topic "WHITE SPOT DISEASE"
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Frankel, Susan. The effect of seedbed density on development of Septoria leaf spot on white alder at Humboldt Nursery. San Francisco, Calif.]: USDA, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Region, State and Private Forestry, Forest Pest Management, 1992.
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Waldek, Stephen. Fabry disease. Edited by Neil Turner. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0337.
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Fabry disease is a rare X-linked lysosomal storage disorder in which deficiency of alpha-galactosidase A leads to accumulation of substrate, mostly globotriaosylceramide, which causes a progressive, multiorgan disease affecting predominantly the kidneys, skin, heart, and nervous system. Painful peripheral (‘acral’) neuropathy is characteristic.Key clinical signs are angiokeratoma found by close examination of skin; characteristic eye lesions may be seen; lipid deposits may be seen in urine. Renal biopsy appearances are characteristic and this is commonly where the diagnosis is first made. Increasingly, cardiologists are suspecting the condition in adults with echocardiographic appearances of left ventricular hypertrophy. Diagnosis in men is usually made by measurement of alpha-galactosidase in either white cells or plasma (or using blood spots). Unfortunately, many female patients can have normal enzyme levels so that genetic testing is the only way to confirm a diagnosis. Non-selective screening strategies (e.g. males on renal replacement therapy with uncertain renal diagnoses) have had low yields.
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Gleń-Karolczyk, Katarzyna. Zabiegi ochronne kształtujące plonowanie zdrowotność oraz różnorodność mikroorganizmów związanych z czernieniem pierścieniowym korzeni chrzanu (Atmoracia rusticana Gaertn.). Publishing House of the University of Agriculture in Krakow, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.15576/978-83-66602-39-7.
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Horseradish roots, due to the content of many valuable nutrients and substances with healing and pro-health properties, are used more and more in medicine, food industry and cosmetics. In Poland, the cultivation of horseradish is considered minor crops. In addition, its limited size causes horseradish producers to encounter a number of unresolved agrotechnical problems. Infectious diseases developing on the leaves and roots during the long growing season reduce the size and quality of root crops. The small range of protection products intended for use in the cultivation of horseradish generates further serious environmental problems (immunization of pathogens, low effectiveness, deterioration of the quality of raw materials intended for industry, destruction of beneficial organisms and biodiversity). In order to meet the problems encountered by horseradish producers and taking into account the lack of data on: yielding, occurrence of infectious diseases and the possibility of combating them with methods alternative to chemical ones in the years 2012–2015, rigorous experiments have been carried out. The paper compares the impact of chemical protection and its reduced variants with biological protection on: total yield of horseradish roots and its structure. The intensification of infectious diseases on horseradish leaves and roots was analyzed extensively. Correlations were examined between individual disease entities and total yield and separated root fractions. A very important and innovative part of the work was to learn about the microbial communities involved in the epidemiology of Verticillium wilt of horseradish roots. The effect was examined of treatment of horseradish cuttings with a biological preparation (Pythium oligandrum), a chemical preparation (thiophanate-methyl), and the Kelpak SL biostimulator (auxins and cytokinins from the Ecklonia maxima algae) on the quantitative and qualitative changes occurring in the communities of these microorganisms. The affiliation of species to groups of frequencies was arranged hierarchically, and the biodiversity of these communities was expressed by the following indicators: Simpson index, Shannon–Wiener index, Shannon evenness index and species richness index. Correlations were assessed between the number of communities, indicators of their biodiversity and intensification of Verticillium wilt of horseradish roots. It was shown that the total yield of horseradish roots was on average 126 dt · ha–1. Within its structure, the main root was 56%, whereas the fraction of lateral roots (cuttings) with a length of more than 20 cm accounted for 26%, and those shorter than 20 cm for 12%, with unprofitable yield (waste) of 6%. In the years with higher humidity, the total root yield was higher than in the dry seasons by around 51 dt · ha–1 on average. On the other hand, the applied protection treatments significantly increased the total yield of horseradish roots from 4,6 to 45,3 dt · ha–1 and the share of fractions of more than 30 cm therein. Higher yielding effects were obtained in variants with a reduced amount of foliar application of fungicides at the expense of introducing biopreparations and biostimulators (R1, R2, R3) and in chemical protection (Ch) than in biological protection (B1, B2) and with the limitation of treatments only to the treatment of cuttings. The largest increments can be expected after treating the seedlings with Topsin M 500 SC and spraying the leaves: 1 × Amistar Opti 480 SC, 1 × Polyversum WP, 1 × Timorex Gold 24 EC and three times with biostimulators (2 × Kelpak SL + 1 × Tytanit). In the perspective of the increasing water deficit, among the biological protection methods, the (B2) variant with the treatment of seedlings with auxins and cytokinins contained in the E. maxima algae extract is more recommended than (B1) involving the use of P. oligandrum spores. White rust was the biggest threat on horseradish plantations, whereas the following occurred to a lesser extent: Phoma leaf spot, Cylindrosporium disease, Alternaria black spot and Verticillium wilt. In turn, on the surface of the roots it was dry root rot and inside – Verticillium wilt of horseradish roots. The best health of the leaves and roots was ensured by full chemical protection (cuttings treatment + 6 foliar applications). A similar effect of protection against Albugo candida and Pyrenopeziza brassicae was achieved in the case of reduced chemical protection to one foliar treatment with synthetic fungicide, two treatments with biological preparations (Polyversum WP and Timorex Gold 24 EC) and three treatments with biostimulators (2 × Kelpak SL, 1 × Tytanit). On the other hand, the level of limitation of root diseases comparable with chemical protection was ensured by its reduced variants R3 and R2, and in the case of dry root rot, also both variants of biological protection. In the dry years, over 60% of the roots showed symptoms of Verticillium wilt, and its main culprits are Verticillium dahliae (37.4%), Globisporangium irregulare (7.2%), Ilyonectria destructans (7.0%), Fusarium acuminatum (6.7%), Rhizoctonia solani (6.0%), Epicoccum nigrum (5.4%), Alternaria brassicae (5.17%). The Kelpak SL biostimulator and the Polyversum WP biological preparation contributed to the increased biodiversity of microbial communities associated with Verticillium wilt of horseradish roots. In turn, along with its increase, the intensification of the disease symptoms decreased. There was a significant correlation between the richness of species in the communities of microbial isolates and the intensification of Verticillium wilt of horseradish roots. Each additional species of microorganism contributed to the reduction of disease intensification by 1,19%.
Book chapters on the topic "WHITE SPOT DISEASE"
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Vishunavat, Karuna, Kuppusami Prabakar, and Theerthagiri Anand. "Seed Health: Testing and Management." In Seed Science and Technology, 335–64. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-5888-5_14.
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AbstractHealthy seeds play an important role in growing a healthy crop. Seed health testing is performed by detecting the presence or absence of insect infestation and seed-borne diseases caused by fungi, bacteria, and viruses. The most detrimental effect of seed-borne pathogens is the contamination of previously disease-free areas and the spread of new diseases. Sowing contaminated or infected seeds not only spreads pathogens but can also reduce yields significantly by 15–90%. Some of the major seed-borne diseases affecting yield in cereals, oilseeds, legumes, and vegetables, particularly in the warm and humid conditions prevailing in the tropical and sub-tropical regions, are blast and brown spot of rice, white tip nematode and ear-cockle in wheat, bacterial leaf blight of rice, downy mildews, smuts, head mould, seedling rots, anthracnose, halo blight, and a number of viral diseases. Hence, detection of seed-borne pathogens, such as fungi (anthracnose, bunt, smut, galls, fungal blights), bacteria (bacterial blights, fruit rots, cankers), viruses (crinkle, mottle, mosaic), and nematodes (galls and white tip), which transmit through infected seed to the main crop, is an important step in the management strategies for seed-borne diseases. Thus, seed health testing forms an essential part of seed certification, phytosanitary certification, and quarantine programmes at national and international levels. Detection of seed-borne/transmitted pathogens is also vital in ensuring the health of the basic stock used for seed production and in maintaining the plant germplasm for future research and product development. Besides the precise and reproducible testing methods, appropriate practices during seed production and post-harvest handling, including seed treatment and storage, are important components of seed health management and sustainable crop protection.
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Fischer, Gayle. "White Papules and Nodules: Fordyce Spots, Sebaceous Cyst, Milia, and Hailey–Hailey Disease." In Vulvar Disease, 235–37. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61621-6_33.
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Brunetta, Grazia, Ombretta Caldarice, Danial Mohabat Doost, and Franco Pellerey. "Notes on Spatial Implications of COVID-19. Evidence from Piedmont Region, Italy." In The Urban Book Series, 13–31. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-33894-6_2.
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AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has been studied by many scholars from a wide range of disciplines. Among these investigations, planners and regional scientists have researched the spatial spread of the contagion. Most of these studies tried to explore the spread of the disease in a fixed period, like annually, and analysed the spatial variables that are most influential on the COVID-19 spread over territories. On the same line, the chapter investigates the pattern of virus transmission in the 1.181 municipalities of the Piedmont Region during two years of the pandemic over different periods by providing 24 monthly and two annual hot spot maps using the Spatial Statistics Tools on ArcGIS. Consequently, the chapter analyses the correlation between the spread of contagion with three spatial variables (population density, annual average traffic flow, and the ageing index) by performing a statistical analysis on the municipalities which showed unexpectedly higher or unexpectedly lower numbers of contagion. The results show that the impacts of population density and annual average traffic flow are verified on the transmission rate of the cities with unexpectedly higher or lower exposure to COVID-19 contagion than their neighbours both in the first and the second year of the pandemic. For the ageing index, an association is noticed during the first year while not confirmed for the second. In conclusion, the chapter proposes that studying the disease’s variations—at different times and on a regional scale—uncovers the spatial dimension of the phenomenon and would suggest insights for both scientists and policymakers to enrich preparedness as the preferable approach in future planning policies towards transformative resilience.
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"White spot disease." In Dermatology Therapy, 615. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-29668-9_2879.
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Millard, Rebecca, and Xuan Dong. "White spot syndrome virus and disease." In Aquaculture Pathophysiology, 103–15. Elsevier, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-323-95434-1.00015-2.
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Edward Samura, Alusaine, Sahr N. Fomba, Augustine Mansarsy, Musa D. Saffa, Dan D. Quee, and Johnny E. Norman. "Seasonal Variation on the Incidence and Severity of Major Foliar Diseases of Cassava in Sierra Leone." In Cassava - Biology, Production, and Use. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.98201.
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A diagnostic survey was conducted in the rainy and dry seasons from 2014 to 2015 to determine the incidence and severity of major diseases of cassava in Sierra Leone. At least three chiefdoms and five villages per district were targeted. The survey was carried out in fourteen districts of the country with geo references using a GPS. On the spot assessment was conducted in all fields. Prevalence, severity and incidence were calculated. The most dominant diseases included the cassava mosaic disease and the cassava bacterial blight. The prevalence of cassava mosaic disease was high with 69.1% and 61.5% in the rainy season and dry season, respectively. The prevalence of cassava bacterial blight was 100% and 92% in the rainy season and dry season, respectively. Diseases of less importance included white spot and brown spot diseases as well as cassava anthracnose disease. The study provides bases for the deployment of improved varieties and provides information on the seasonal prevalence, incidence and severity of cassava diseases in Sierra Leone.
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Mirza, Rukhsana G., and Lee M. Jampol. "White Spot Syndromes and Related Diseases." In Retina, 1337–80. Elsevier, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-4557-0737-9.00076-x.
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Simone, Giovanni de, and Antonio Coca. "Target organ damage, cardiovascular disease risk, and clinical evaluation of the hypertensive patient." In ESC CardioMed, edited by Bryan Williams, 2401–9. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198784906.003.0565.
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In addition to a thoughtful clinical evaluation and accurate assessment of blood pressure values, an electrocardiogram must be part of the primary screening in all patients with arterial hypertension to identify left ventricular hypertrophy, using more than one single criterion to increase sensitivity. Standard transthoracic echocardiograms should be performed at least once in all hypertensive patients, to assess left ventricular geometry and type of haemodynamic load, to provide information potentially influencing decision-making, which is especially needed in the absence of other signs of target organ damage. Ultrasound scanning of carotid arteries is useful to detect asymptomatic atherosclerosis, particularly in the elderly. Carotid plaque is identified by intima–media thickness (IMT) of 1.5 mm or greater, or by a focal thickness increase of 0.5 mm or 50% of the surrounding carotid IMT value. Increased aortic stiffness can be estimated in young and middle-aged hypertensive patients by measurement of pulse wave velocity greater than 10 m/s. Other method to refine assessment of target organ damage are less useful in clinical practice, such as the coronary calcium score, wall-to-lumen ratio of small arteries measured in subcutaneous tissues, endothelial dysfunction, echo-tracking for IMT, and three-dimensional reconstruction of carotid plaque volume. Identification of reduced glomerular filtration rate (by the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration method) and increase of the spot urinary albumin/creatinine ratio are good markers of renal damage. Cerebral magnetic resonance imaging can identify white matter hyperintensities and silent infarcts, which are associated with an increased risk of stroke, cognitive decline, and dementia.
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W.K. Hui, Vivian, and Simon K.H. Szeto. "Clinical and Imaging Features of Leukemic Retinopathy." In Leukemia - From Biology to Diagnosis and Treatment [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.107649.
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Hematological malignancies may be associated with ocular manifestations in up to 50% of cases, and ocular symptoms can be the initial presentation. Retinal leukemic infiltrates may be observed in up to 3% of leukemia patients. Leukemic retinopathy may present more commonly in acute leukemias than chronic leukemias as Roth’s spot, multi-level retinal hemorrhages, cotton wool spots, or opportunistic infection secondary to pancytopenia. On the other hand, patients with chronic leukemias, such as chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), may present with leukemic retinal infiltrates and venous stasis secondary to hyperviscosity, which may lead to secondary peripheral microaneurysms and neovascularization. Vascular complication, such as central retinal vein occlusion, may also occur as a result of venous stasis. In addition, leukemic retinopathy is associated with poorer overall survival as pediatric CML patients without ocular manifestation may have twice as high 5-years survival rate compared with those with ocular manifestation. The presence of leukemic retinopathy is associated with more severe systemic disease and is correlated with hematological parameters such as white blood cells count (WBC). In addition, a positive correlation was found between ocular leukemic infiltration and agonal leukocyte count and the severity of systemic disease in an autopsy study. Therefore, the presence of retinal infiltrate may be associated with leukemia with extreme leukocytosis. Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) is a noninvasive retinal imaging tool that can help diagnose leukemic retinopathy. Inner retina hyper-reflective lesions were observed in areas with intra-retinal hemorrhages or hemorrhagic lesions, while outer retina hyper-reflective lesions were observed in areas with whitish retinal infiltrates. In addition, the loss of the physiological hourglass appearance on cross-sectional OCT scan of retinal vessels may be seen in leukemic retinopathy. It is believed that intraluminal blood flow is responsible for the physiological hourglass appearance, consisting of two paired hyper-reflectivities inside vessel wall on OCT. In leukemic retinopathy, hyperviscosity may disrupt normal intraluminal blood flow, leading to the loss of this physiological appearance. In summary, leukemic retinopathy can be the first presentation of leukemia. Ophthalmologists can play an important role in the diagnosis of leukemia. Noninvasive retinal imaging could help us to monitor and understand the pathophysiology of leukemic retinal infiltrates. Prompt diagnosis and treatment of underlying leukemia may preserve vision and prolong survival rate.
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"Paddlefish Management, Propagation, and Conservation in the 21st Century." In Paddlefish Management, Propagation, and Conservation in the 21st Century, edited by Jan Jeffrey Hoover, April Turnage, and Jack Killgore. American Fisheries Society, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874127.ch9.
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<em>Abstract</em>.—Rheotaxis, endurance, and behavior of juvenile paddlefish <em>Polyodon spathula </em>(<115 mm eye-to-fork length) were measured in a laboratory swim tunnel. Paddlefish were positively rheotactic (>80% of individuals tested). They exhibited sustained swimming ($200 min) at water velocities up to 40 cm/s, prolonged swimming (0.5–52 min) at 30–50 cm/s, and burst swimming (<0.5 min) at water velocities 60–75 cm/s. Behavior consisted exclusively of free swimming in the water column. Fish recovered from white spot <em>Ichthyophthirius multifiliis </em>disease appeared healthy but had reduced endurance at low to moderate water velocities. Data were used to quantify risk of entrainment by dredges at a given water velocity as an index, values of which ranged from 0.00 (unlikely) to 1.00 (inevitable). Entrainment risk was evaluated for escape speeds considered environmentally conservative (based on prolonged swim speed) and operationally conservative (based on burst swim speed), using flow field models of three cutterhead dredges having pipe diameters of 71, 51, and 30 cm. Entrainment was likely within a radius of 1.25 m of the cutterhead, but degree of risk and distance of entraining flow varied substantially with pipe size. Entrainment risk of paddlefish can be reduced by (1) temporal restrictions on dredging, (2) stocking juveniles that have not been treated for disease, and (3) use of small diameter pipes (ideally < 30 cm).
Conference papers on the topic "WHITE SPOT DISEASE"
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Azhar, Amiera Syazlin Binti Md, Nor Hazlyna Binti Harun, Nooraini Binti Yusoff, Mohamad Ghozali Bin Hassan, and Kua Beng Chu. "Image Enhancement on Underwater Images for Protozoan White Spot Fish Disease Detection." In 2022 International Conference on Intelligent Systems and Computer Vision (ISCV). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iscv54655.2022.9806095.
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Liu, Changyuan, Kuihua Zhao, Chunhao Liang, Hui Wang, Tianshu Guan, Ping Wang, and Qiong Wang. "First Report of Cucumber White Spot Disease Caused by Pseudomonas viridiflava in China." In 2010 4th International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering (iCBBE). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbbe.2010.5517157.
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Sunness, Janet S. "Visual Function Evaluation of a Patient with Congenital Nightblindness and White Spots in the Fundus." In Noninvasive Assessment of the Visual System. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/navs.1992.tub1.
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A patient with congenital nightblindness and white spots in the fundus was evaluated in 1985 and again in 1990. This patient appeared to represent an intermediate state between fundus albipunctatus, a congenital stationary nightblindness with the special features of white spots in the fundus and prolonged dark adaptation of several hours leading to normal absolute thresholds(1,2,3), and retinitis punctata albescens, a form of retinitis pigmentosa characterized by white spots in the retina and by the functional features of retinitis pigmentosa (ring scotomas, diminished ERGs, progressive decrease of function, etc)(5). The patient was fascinating particularly in terms of 1) her dark adaptation abnormalities and the critical importance of prior recent light exposure in interpreting her visual function, 2) her evidence of cone involvement, and 3) her ERG abnormalities. The visual function tests in this patient provide diagnostic information, are critical in following her course, and provide fascinating insight into the mechanism of her disease.
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Palma, Giovanni, Mariana Lima, Clarisse Friedlaender, Celso Furtado, Rodrigo Lasmar, Ana Carolina Rodrigues, and Paulo Caramelli. "SOCCER HEADING AND COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE IN PROFESSIONAL SOCCER PLAYERS: TWO-YEAR LONGITUDINAL DATA." In XIII Meeting of Researchers on Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1980-5764.rpda098.
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Background: Soccer is the most popular sport worldwide, in which players purposely hit the ball with the head. Although researchers have focused on the effects of concussions in contact sports, the role of sub-concussive impacts (e.g., heading) has gained attention. Objective: To investigate the effects of soccer heading on cognitive functioning in active soccer players. Methods: Male professional soccer players (n=9), and non-athletes (n=25), matched by age and education, were submitted to computerized cognitive tests and to the Neupsilin. All subjects were tested on two occasions – T0 and T2 – separated by two years. Results: Intragroup analyses revealed that while controls improved their performance in 11 variables from T0 to T2, soccer players only improved in one test. However, controls had a worst performance in two variables. In T2, players performed better in the immediate memory test. Among players, no significant correlations were found between number of headings per game and cognition in T0 and T2. Conclusion: There was no evidence of cognitive impairment in soccer players in T0 and T2. They even outperformed controls in some tests. However, the improvement (probable learning effect) observed from T0 to T2 in controls was consistent over the players unvarying performance. Further investigations are needed to clarify relationships between soccer heading and cognition.
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Deng, Kaizhong, Baoru Huang, and Daniel S. Elson. "Deep Imitation Learning for Automated Drop-In Gamma Probe Manipulation." In THE HAMLYN SYMPOSIUM ON MEDICAL ROBOTICS. The Hamlyn Centre, Imperial College London London, UK, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31256/hsmr2023.37.
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Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers in the UK, and Robotic-Assisted Surgery (RAS) has become a common method for prostate cancer surgery. Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is an important component of prostate cancer surgery and provides accurate diag- nostic evidence of disease extent. A drop-in gamma probe, SENSEI, has been designed to improve the accuracy of sentinel lymph node detection in RAS. An example of its in vivo usage can be seen in Figure 1. It can distinguish cancerous tissue from normal tissue by detecting the radiation emitted from radiolabeled probes that have been injected into the body. A feasibility study has demonstrated that the drop-in gamma probe can provide accurate identifica- tion of positive nodes following the administration of technetium-99m nanocolloid [1]. However, relying on the live gamma level display and audible feedback from the console while the probe is scanned across the tissue surface is not an easy or intuitive way to identify hidden affected lymph nodes. This might affect the effectiveness of less experienced surgeons and latent hot spots may be overlooked. To address these issues, we propose a robotic scanning method to automatically and systematically examine an entire target area and locate the hot spots. In this study, we present a deep imitation training workflow based on simulation data for an end-to-end learning- based agent capable of systematically scanning target areas using visual input and the current robot state. The evaluation result shows that this approach is promising to automatically control the drop-in gamma probe.
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Pfeiler, T. Wayne, Mehran Kasra, Aboulfazi Shirazi-Adl, and Harold E. Cates. "Finite Element Dynamic Response Analysis of the Human Knee Joint." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-59873.
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Mechanical factors play an important role in the etiology of knee injuries and diseases such as osteoarthritis (OA). While performing daily, occupational, and sport activities, the joint is subjected to dynamic loads such as vibration and multiple impacts. According to an individual’s age, fitness, and weight, these activities may cause the joint load, stiffness, and damping to reach critical limits initiating or accelerating different knee disorders such as osteoarthritis [Wolfe et al., 1996]. Computational models of the knee have been developed over the past several decades. However, these models leave much to be desired, since they often over-simplify the geometry and material properties of the knee. Several two dimensional models have been created [Gill et al., 1996]. Three-dimensional analytical studies have become more common in recent years, and typically model the tibiofemoral joint [Abdel-Rahman et al., 1993; Blankevoort et al, 1991; Wisman et al., 1980]. These studies typically model only surfaces and neglect the effect of ligaments and menisci/cartilage.
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Deshpande, Girish, Gautham Oroskar, and Derek Oswald. "A Portable Handheld Oxygen Blender: A Novel Design to Reduce Early Oxygen Toxicity." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-36619.
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Oxygen is an essential therapeutic agent used extensively in all hospitals for patients with compromised function of the respiratory or cardiac systems. All patients (with the exception of neonates with certain heart diseases) are resuscitated with 100% oxygen. The American Heart Association Guidelines for Resuscitation state that it is essential in the post-resuscitative phase to decrease the concentration of O2 provided to keep oxyhemoglobin saturation (SpO2) > 94%, with a goal of avoiding hyperoxia while ensuring adequate oxygen delivery. Hyperoxia has been shown to be responsible for worsening tissue injury via oxidative damage following ischemia-reperfusion. Therefore, it is important in the post-resuscitative phase to use the lowest inspired oxygen concentration (FiO2) that will maintain SpO2 ≥ 94%. To address this, clinicians use oxygen blenders: devices that mix room air (21% O2) and medical grade oxygen (100% O2) to create a desirable FiO2. Current oxygen blenders have the disadvantage of being wall-mounted, bulky, and are limited to a small set of oxygen delivery devices (nebulizers, mechanical ventilators) with which they can interface. We developed an oxygen blending device capable of mixing room air and 100% O2 using the venturi principle. The device features a cylindrical body with a venturi nozzle and an entrainment window. It is handheld, portable, and machined from acrylic plastic. An oxygen blender with these features allows for appropriate oxygen therapy during patient transport. As oxygen flows through the device from the inlet orifice, atmospheric air is drawn in through the window, mixed, and then delivered to the patient through the outlet orifice. We designed the outlet orifice to have the same dimensions as the inlet orifice, allowing for universal integration with any device that connects to standard oxygen tubing. The entrainment window area can be adjusted by twisting a cover over the body of the blender, thus adjusting the FiO2 delivery. Using a venturi nozzle of 6.35 mm in diameter and an entrainment window area of 97 mm2, we achieved FiO2 ranging from 40% to 50% using input flow of 100% O2 at 6 L/min at 50 psi (via rotameter). The key feature of this device is that it can be interposed between any standard oxygen tubing allowing control of FiO2 at the bedside of the patient in hospital or during transport. Further work is needed to achieve a wider FiO2 range.
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"Role of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) in building the future of the Healthcare Sector in Pakistan." In International Conference on Public Health and Humanitarian Action. International Federation of Medical Students' Associations - Jordan, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56950/ucvo7515.
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Background: More than 70% of the developing world's population still depends on complementary and alternative systems of medicine (CAM). Despite today's advancements, a large segment of the population still depends on traditional medicine or so-called alternative medicine as the preferred form of health care. So there is a need to consider the role of complementary and alternative medicine in public healthcare. Objective: To identify the population's exposure to the traditional medicine To explore the rich diversity of medicinal plants in Pakistan To identify the areas that can play a crucial role in the healthcare sector of Pakistan Method: A narrative review study has been conducted. Data has been collected from different articles from different search engines i.e. Google Scholar, PubMed and Science Direct. A total of 10 articles are being referenced in the main article while reading the literature involves the 150+ articles Results: Almost 70 species of the 430 wild species In the western part of the Himalayas had been examined. About 40% of flora species have been used for the treatment of diseases relating to Gastrointestinal (GIT). It was discovered that most of the species 12 to sixteen species) sought to deal with human and farm animals' digestive system-related issues, respectively. Conclusion: Pakistan has unique biodiversity, having nine major ecological zones. Due to its unique climate, the country is very rich in medicinal and endemic plants distributed in its large area. The highlands of northern Pakistan are the hot spots of biodiversity and are rich in medicinal and endemic species. These plants are still commonly used for medicinal purposes by people in their daily lives. This region, which is rich in medicinal plants, still needs more exploration and study. Keywords: Traditional medicine, CAM, Healthcare sector in Pakistan
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Regazzoni, Daniele, Andrea Vitali, Caterina Rizzi, and Giorgio Colombo. "A Method to Analyse Generic Human Motion With Low-Cost Mocap Technologies." In ASME 2018 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2018-86197.
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A number of pathologies impact on the way a patient can either move or control the movements of the body. Traumas, articulation arthritis or generic orthopedic disease affect the way a person can walk or perform everyday movements; brain or spine issues can lead to a complete or partial impairment, affecting both muscular response and sensitivity. Each of these disorder shares the need of assessing patient’s condition while doing specific tests and exercises or accomplishing everyday life tasks. Moreover, also high-level sport activity may be worth using digital tools to acquire physical performances to be improved. The assessment can be done for several purpose, such as creating a custom physical rehabilitation plan, monitoring improvements or worsening over time, correcting wrong postures or bad habits and, in the sportive domain to optimize effectiveness of gestures or related energy consumption. The paper shows the use of low-cost motion capture techniques to acquire human motion, the transfer of motion data to a digital human model and the extraction of desired information according to each specific medical or sportive purpose. We adopted the well-known and widespread Mocap technology implemented by Microsoft Kinect devices and we used iPisoft tools to perform acquisition and the preliminary data elaboration on the virtual skeleton of the patient. The focus of the paper is on the working method that can be generalized to be adopted in any medical, rehabilitative or sportive condition in which the analysis of the motion is crucial. The acquisition scene can be optimized in terms of size and shape of the working volume and in the number and positioning of sensors. However, the most important and decisive phase consist in the knowledge acquisition and management. For each application and even for each single exercise or tasks a set of evaluation rules and thresholds must be extracted from literature or, more often, directly form experienced personnel. This operation is generally time consuming and require further iterations to be refined, but it is the core to generate an effective metric and to correctly assess patients and athletes performances. Once rules are defined, proper algorithms are defined and implemented to automatically extract only the relevant data in specific time frames to calculate performance indexes. At last, a report is generated according to final user requests and skills.
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Antonarakis, E. "The Molecular Genetics of Hemophilia A Stylianos." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643980.
Full textAbstract:
Hemophilia A is a common X linked hereditary disorder of blood coagulation due to deficiency of factor 8. The gene for factor 8 has been cloned and characterized (Nature 312:326-342, 1984). It is divided into 26 exons and 25 introns and spans 186 kb of DNA. The CGNA is 9 kb and codes for 2351 amino acids. The first 19 amino acids comprise the secretory leader peptide and the mature excreted polypeptide consists of 2332 amino acids. The nucleotide sequence of the exons and the exon-intron junctions is known and the complete amino acid sequence has been deducedSeveral laboratories have used cloned factor 8 DNA sequences as probes to characterized mutations that are responsible for hemophilia A in certain pedigrees. These mutations have been characterized by restriction analysis, oligonucleotide hybridization, cloning and sequencing of DNA from appropriate patientsIn about 500 patients with hemophilia A examined, the molecular defect has been recognized in 39. Both gross alterations (mainly deletions) and point mutations of the factor 8 gene have been found.A total of 19 different deletions have been observed. No two unrelated pedigrees share the same exact deletion.The size of the deleted DNA varies from 1.5 kb to more than 210 kb. All but one of these deletions are associated with severe hemophilia A. A deletion of 6 kb that contains exon 22 only is associated with moderate hemophilia. Some deletions are present in patients with inhibitors to factor 8. No correlation of the size or the position of the deletions can be found with the presence of inhibitors to factor 8.A total of 20 point mutations have been characterized. All are recognized by restriction analysis and involve Taq I sites. All are mutations of CpG dinucleotides and generate nonsense or missence codons. Unrelated pedigrees have the same single nucleotide change because of independent origin of the same mutation. In many instances de novo occurrence of a point mutation has been observed. CpG dinucleotides are hot spots for mutation to TG or CA presumably because of spontaneous deamination of methylcytosine. Some point mutations are present in patients with inhibitors but no correlation of the site of mutation and inhibitor formation has been found. The nonsense mutations are present in patients with severe hemophilia A. A missense mutation (Arg Gin) in exon 26 was found in a patient with mild hemophilia while another Arg Gin mutation in exon 24 has been observed in a patient with severe disease. The creation of a donor splice site in IVS 4 of factor 8 gene has been observed in a patient with mild hemophilia.Few DNA polymorphisms within the factor 8 gene and two other closely linked polymorphisms have been used for carrier detection and prenatal diagnosis of hemophilia A. These DNA markers are useful in more than 90% of families at risk for hemophilia A.The author thanks Drs. Gitschier, Din, Olek, Pirastou, Lawn for communication of their data prior to publication.The hemophilia project at Johns Hopkins was supported by an Institutional grant and NIH grant to S.S.A. and Haig H. Kazazian, Jr.
Reports on the topic "WHITE SPOT DISEASE"
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Loy, Duan S., Lyric C. Bartholomay, and D. L. Hank Harris. Direct Delivery of VP19 Double-Stranded RNA into Litopenaeus vannamei by Reverse Gavage Induces Protection against White Spot Syndrome Virus Disease. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-798.
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Davidson, Irit, Hsing-Jien Kung, and Richard L. Witter. Molecular Interactions between Herpes and Retroviruses in Dually Infected Chickens and Turkeys. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7575275.bard.
Full textAbstract:
Tumors in commercial poultry are caused mainly by infection with avian herpes and retroviruses, the herpesvirus Marek's disease virus (MDV) and the retroviruses, reticuloendotheliosis (REV), lymphoid leukosis, subgroups A-I and J (ALV and ALV-J) in chickens, or Iymphoprolipherative disease (LPDV) in turkeys. Infection with one virus aggravates the clinical outcome of birds that are already infected by another oncogenic virus. As these viruses do not interfere for infection, MDV and one or more retroviruses can infect the same flock, the same bird and the same cell. While infecting the same cell, herpes and retroviruses might interact in at least three ways: a) Integration of retrovirus genomes, or genomic fragments (mainly the LTR) into MDV;b) alteration of LTR-driven expression of retroviral genes by MDV immediate- early genes, and c) by herpesvirus induced cellular transcriptional factors. The first type of molecular interaction have been demonstrated to happen efficiently in vitro by Dr. Kung, in cases multiple infection of cell cultures with MDV and REV or MDV and ALV. Moreover, Dr. Witter showed that an in vitro-created recombinant, RM1, had altered in vitro replication and in vivo biological properties. A more comprehensive characterization of RM1 was carried out in the present project. We sought to highlight whether events of such integrations occur also in the bird, in vivo. For that, we had first to determine the prevalence of dually-infected individual birds in commercial flocks, as no systematic survey has been yet reported. Surprisingly, about 25% of the commercial flocks infected with avian oncogenic viruses had a multiple virus infection and 5% of the total samples ana lysed had multiple virus sequences. Then, we aimed to evaluate and characterize biologically and molecularly the resulting recombinants, if formed, and to analyse the factors that affect these events (virus strains, type and age of birds and time interval between the infection with both viruses). The perception of retrovirus insertions into herpesviruses in vivo is not banal, as the in vivo and in vitro systems differ in the viral-target cells, lymphocytes or fibroblasts, in the MDV-replicative type, transforming or productive, and the immune system presence. We realized that previous methods employed to study in vitro created recombinant viruses were not adequate for the study of samples taken directly from the bird. Therefore, the Hot Spot-combined PCR was developed based on the molecularly known RM1 virus. Also, the PFGE that was used for tissue cultured-MDV separation was inefficient for separating MDV from organs, but useful with feather tips as a source of bird original MDV. Much attention was dedicated now to feathers, because if a recombinant virus would be formed in vivo, its biological significance would be evident by horizontal dissemination through the feathers. Major findings were: a) not only in vitro, but also in vivo MDV and retrovirus co-infections lead to LTR integrations into MDV. That was shown by the detection of chimeric molecules. These appeared in low quantities and as quasispecies, thus interfering with sequence analysis of cloned gel-purified chimeric molecules. Mainly inserts were located in the repeat long MDV fragments. In field birds chimeric molecules were detected at a lower frequency (2.5%) than in experimentally infected birds (30-50%). These could be transmitted experimentally to another birds by inoculation with chimeric molecules containing blood. Several types of chimeric molecules were formed, and same types were detected in birds infected by a second round. To reproduce viral integrations, in vivo infection trials were done with field inoculate that contained both viruses, but the chimeric molecule yield was undetectable.